Discharge coefficient determination:

Volum Time Qa Water Head (mm)

e (L) (s) (LP
hA hB hC hD hE hF
M)
4 10.31 23.26 254 240 190 210 232 220

Qa = 23.26 lpm
1/ 2
2 −1/ 2 p −p
[ ( )] [ (
Qi= A 2 V 2 =A 2 1−
A2
A1
2g
1

γ
2
+Z 1 −Z 2 )] (60000)
Qi = 24.7
Cd = Qa/Qi = 0.94

CONCLUSION:
After performing the experiment we conclude that the discharge co efficient comes out to be .
We observed the effect of Bernoulli’s law and concluded that area and velocity are inversely
proportional to each other. In the area of wider region the fluid will move with slow velocity
whereas in an area of narrow region the fluid will move with faster velocity which expresses
bernoulli’s law. And after calculating the actual and ideal volume flow rates we put them into
the formula and find out the discharge coefficient Cd.
Demonstration of bernoulis thorem:
Cross Using Bernoulli equation Using Continuity equation Difference
Section
i h* = hH hi ViB = Ai = ViC = ViB-ViC
(mm) (mm) √[2*g*(h* - π Di2 / 4 Qav / Ai (m/s)
hi )] (m2) (m/s)
(m/s)
A 240 260 19.8 0.000531
B 225 260 26.2 0.000366
C 170 260 42 0.000201
D 190 260 37.04 0.000314
E 215 260 29.69 0.00038
F 222 260 27.29 0.000531

CONCLUSION:
After performing the experiment we differentiated between the static and stagnant pressures. We
observed the effect of Bernoulli’s law and concludes that area and velocity are inversely
proportional to each other. In the area of wider region the fluid will move with slow velocity
whereas in an area of narrow region the fluid will move with faster velocity which expresses
bernoulli’s law.
CAVITATATION:

FORMULAS
Area
a1 = πD1 2 /4
a2 = πD2 2 /4
Theoretical Cavitation Number

( p 1− p v /760)∗10
σc =
ρ v 22
Actual Cavitation Number

( p 1− p 2/760)∗10
σ =
ρ v 12
Velocity,
Qa
V1 =
a1
Qa
V1 =
a2
OBSERVATION & CALCULATION
DATA:

d1 = 40mm
d2 = 6 mm
ρ = 1000 kg / m3

pv = 17.5 mm of Hg. At 20°C

Sr. p1 p2 P3 Q σ σc Condition
(bar) (bar) (bar) (m3/s) Observed
 Theoretical condition for cavitation, σc ≤ σ

CONCLUSION:
After performing the experiment we conclude that bubbles are created in the region where
there is low pressure and high velocity which is the phenomena of cavitation. And when the
fluid reaches the region of low velocity, where the pressure is high the bubbles were
collapsed.
Flow meter measurement:

OBSERVATIONS:

Manometer reading(mm) Rotamete Vo Tim Flowrat Flowrate

r l e e calculated using
(l/min) (l) (min Q the Bernoulli’s
) (l/min) Equation
A B C D E F G H Ventur Orific
i e
13 12 10 13 12 13 12 13 12 7 0.52 13.46 11.95
5 1 0 0 5 2 9 8

CONCLUSION:
After performing the experiment of flow meter measurement an calculating the values of the
flow rate of the fluid from different methods we concluded that the flow rate though measured
by different methods comes out to be nearly equal.