Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur 4418
ISO 9001:2015 www.cbsua.edu.ph
TÜV-R 01 100 1934918

Week 9: Limit and Function

Sub-topics:
1. Function
2. Trigonometric function
3. Limit of a function
4. Theorem of limit of function
5. Limit of as A approaches to zero

At the end of this discussion students should be able to:

a. Identify the trigonomietric functions
b. Understand the limit and functions

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10
I. Function
It defines as the relation from a set of inputs to a set of possible outputs
where each input is related to exactly one output. This means that if the
object x is in the set of inputs (called the domain) then a function f will
map the object x to exactly one object f(x) in the set of possible outputs
(called the codomain).
When two quantities x and y are related sso that for some range of
values of x the value of y is determined by that of x, we can say that y is
a function of x.

II. Trigonometric function

a. Definitions of trigonometric functions for a right triangle

The θ in the triangle the side of triangle adjacent to it called adj and
denote as “b”, the side opposite of it called opp and denote as “a”, and
opposite of the right angle is the longest side of the triangle called
hypotenuse (hyp) and denote as “h or c”.

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For angle θ, the trigonometric functions are defines as SOHCAHTOA or
as follows:

Example:

1. Find the angle of the triangle using SOHCAHTOA.

Solution:

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 2. Find the unknown side of the triangle.

Solution:

b. Units circle
The unit circle is a circle with a radius of 1. The circumference of the
circle is 2 r if radius is 1. C = 2 (1) = 2

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  Trigonometric Ratios

Degree and
Sin Cos Tan
Radians
0° or 360° = 0 or 2π 0 1 0
30° = √ √

45° = √ √ 1

60° = √
√
90° = 1 0 Undefined

135° √ √ -1
180° 0 -1 0
225° √ √ 1

270° -1 0 Undefined

315° √ √ -1

c. Converting radian to degrees and vise versa.

 To convert from degrees to radians multiply by

 To convert from radians to degrees multiply by

Example:

1. Convert 360°, 1°, 90°, 135° to radians.

a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Convert , 1, , radians to degrees.
a.
b.
c.

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 d.

Functions and Trigonometric Functions

Example:

1. Let ( ) Find ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).

Solution:

Substitute the value of given x in the equation.

a. ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
b. ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
c. ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
d. ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
e. ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )

2. Let ( ) . Find ( ) ( ) ( )
Substitute the value of given functions to the equation.

a. ( ) ( )
( )
But
( ) ( )
( )

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 b. ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )
But

( ) ( )

( )
c. ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
But
( )
( )

III. Limits of a functions

Let f(x) be a function of f and let a be constant. If there is a number L
such that, in order to make the value of f(x) as close to L as may be
desired, it is suffient to choose x close enough to a but different from a,
then we say that the limit of f(x), as x approaches a is L, we write
( )

Example:

a. Show that ( )

Solution:

( )

( ) (( ) )

b. Show that ( )

Solution:

( )

( ) ( )

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IV. Theorem of a Limit of Functions
 Theorem 1: The limit of the sum of two (or more) functions is equal
to the sum of their limits:
[ ( ) ( )] ( ) ( )
 Theorem 2: The limit of the product of two (or more) functions is
equal to the product of their limits:
[ ( ) ( )] [ ( )] [ ( )]
 Theorem 3: The limit of the quotient of two functions is equal to the
quotient of their limits, provided the limit of the denominator is not
zero:
( ) ( )
[ ] ( )
( ) ( )

Example:

a. Evaluate ( )
 By theorem 1,
[ ( ) ( )] ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
 Byr theorem 2,
[ ( ) ( )] [ ( )] [ ( )]
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )

b. Evaluate

( )( )
( )( )

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 Substitute to the equation,

( )( )
( )( )

( )
( )

Using theorem 1 & 2, substitute the value of x=2

( ) ( ) )
( )

V. Limit of as A approaches to zero

 Theorem 4: if is measured in radians,

Example:

a. Evaluate

Solution:

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b. Evaluate

Solution:

( )( )

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