Hello

Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language. It is first attested in writing from 1826.[1]

Contents
Early uses
Etymology
Telephone
Hullo
Hallo and hollo
"Hello, World" computer program
See also
References
External links

Early uses
Hello, with that spelling, was used in publications in the US as early as the 18 October 1826 edition of the
Norwich Courier of Norwich, Connecticut.[1] Another early use was an 1833 American book called The
Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee,[2] which was reprinted that same year
in The London Literary Gazette.[3] The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.[4]

Etymology
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, hello is an alteration of hallo, hollo,[1] which came from Old
High German "halâ, holâ, emphatic imperative of halôn, holôn to fetch, used especially in hailing a
ferryman".[5] It also connects the development of hello to the influence of an earlier form, holla, whose origin
is in the French holà (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French là 'there').[6] As in addition to hello, halloo,[7] hallo,
hollo, hullo and (rarely) hillo also exist as variants or related words, the word can be spelt using any of all five
vowels.[8][9][10]

Telephone

The use of hello as a telephone greeting has been credited to Thomas Edison; according to one source, he
expressed his surprise with a misheard Hullo.[11] Alexander Graham Bell initially used Ahoy (as used on
ships) as a telephone greeting.[12][13] However, in 1877, Edison wrote to T. B. A. David, president of the
Central District and Printing Telegraph Company of Pittsburgh:

Friend David, I do not think we shall need a call bell as Hello! can be heard 10 to 20 feet away.
What you think? Edison - P.S. first cost of sender & receiver to manufacture is only $7.00.[14]
By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as 'hello-girls' because of the association between
the greeting and the telephone.[13][15]

Hullo

Hello might be derived from hullo, which the American Merriam-Webster dictionary describes as a "chiefly
British variant of hello",[16] and which was originally used as an exclamation to call attention, an expression of
surprise, or a greeting. Hullo is found in publications as early as 1803.[17] The word hullo is still in use, with
the meaning hello.[18][19][20][21][22]

Hallo and hollo

Hello is alternatively thought to come from the word hallo (1840) via hollo (also holla, holloa, halloo,
halloa).[23] The definition of hollo is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a hunt when the quarry
was spotted:[24]

If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare.

— Coriolanus (I.viii.7), William Shakespeare

Fowler's has it that "hallo" is first recorded "as a shout to call attention" in 1864.[25] It is used by Samuel
Taylor Coleridge's famous poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner written in 1798:

And the good south wind still blew behind,

But no sweet bird did follow,
Nor any day for food or play

Came to the mariners' hollo!

In many Germanic languages, including German, Danish, Norwegian, Dutch and Afrikaans, "hallo" literally
translates into English as "hello". In the case of Dutch, it was used as early as 1797 in a letter from Willem
Bilderdijk to his sister-in-law as a remark of astonishment.[26]

Webster's dictionary from 1913 traces the etymology of holloa to the Old English halow and suggests:
"Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā".

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, hallo is a modification of the obsolete holla (stop!), perhaps
from Old French hola (ho, ho! + la, there, from Latin illac, that way).[27]

The Old English verb, hǽlan (1. wv/t1b 1 to heal, cure, save; greet, salute; gehǽl! Hosanna!), may be the
ultimate origin of the word.[28] Hǽlan is likely a cognate of German Heil (meaning complete for things and
healthy for beings) and other similar words of Germanic origin. Bill Bryson asserts in his book Mother Tongue
that "hello" comes from Old English hál béo þu ("Hale be thou", or "whole be thou", meaning a wish for
good health) (see also "goodbye" which is a contraction of "God be with you".

"Hello, World" computer program

Students learning a new computer programming language will often begin by writing a "Hello, World!"
program, which does nothing but issue the message "Hello, world" to the user (such as by displaying it on a
screen). It has been used since the earliest programs, in many computer languages. This tradition was further
popularised after being printed in an introductory chapter of the book The C Programming Language by
Kernighan & Ritchie.[29] The book had reused an example taken from a 1974 memo by Brian Kernighan at
Bell Laboratories.[30]

See also
Aloha
As-salamu alaykum
Ciao
Kia ora
Namaste
Shalom
World Hello Day

References
1. "hello" (http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/85687). Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford
University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://www.oed.co
m/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.)
2. (Anonymous). The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee. (htt
ps://books.google.com/books?id=RZsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA144&dq=hello&lr=lang_en&as_drr
b_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1400&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=1838&num=100&as
_brr=0&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html) New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833. p. 144.
3. "The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee". (https://books.go
ogle.com/books?id=NVsZAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA803&dq=hello&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=b&
as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1400&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=1838&num=100&as_brr=0&i
e=ISO-8859-1&output=html) The London Literary Gazette; and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts,
Sciences, &c. No. 883: 21 December 1833. p. 803.
4. [1] (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hello) Origin of the word.
5. "hallo" (http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/83588). Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford
University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://www.oed.co
m/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.)
6. "holla" (http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/87735). Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford
University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://www.oed.co
m/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.)
7. Butler, Mann, A History of the Commonwealth of Kentucky (https://archive.org/details/historyofc
ommonw00butl), Wilcox, Dickerman & Co., 1834, p. 106.
8. Merriam-Webster: Hollo (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollo)
9. Merriam-Webster: Hullo (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hullo)
10. Merriam-Webster: Hillo (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hillo)
11. Allen Koenigsberg. "The First "Hello!": Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone –
Part 2" (https://web.archive.org/web/20061116211033/http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_arc
hive.asp?article=800&id=1507). Antique Phonograph Magazine. Vol. VIII no. 6. Archived from
the original (http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=800&id=1507) on 16
November 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-13.
12. Allen Koenigsberg (1999). "All Things Considered" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090309094
200/http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~klong/papers/hello.txt). National Public Radio. Archived from the
original (http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~klong/papers/hello.txt) on 2009-03-09. Retrieved 2006-09-13.
13. "Online Etymology Dictionary" (http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=hello&searchmo
de=none). etymonline.com. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
14. Allen Koenigsberg. "The First "Hello!": Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone –
Part 2" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060821172357/http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_arc
hive.asp?article=800&id=1507). Archived from the original (http://www.collectorcafe.com/article
_archive.asp?article=800&id=1507) on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
15. Grimes, William (5 March 1992). "Great 'Hello' Mystery Is Solved" (https://www.nytimes.com/19
92/03/05/garden/great-hello-mystery-is-solved.html). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (ht
tps://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved 2017-10-25.
16. "hullo - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary" (http://www.merriam-webster.co
m/dictionary/hullo). Merriam-webster.com. 25 April 2007. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
17. The Sporting Magazine. (https://books.google.com/books?id=27sCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA12&dq=
hullo&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1760&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=180
4&num=100&as_brr=0&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html) London (1803). Volume 23, p. 12.
18. "Hullo From Orkney" (http://forum.downsizer.net/archive/hullo-from-orkney__o_t__t_36387.htm
l). Forum.downsizer.net. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
19. Piers Beckley (23 April 2008). "Writersroom Blog: Hullo again. Did you miss me?" (https://www.
bbc.co.uk/blogs/writersroom/2008/04/hullo_again.shtml). BBC. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
20. Barton, Laura (23 February 2005). "Paris for a day" (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2
005/feb/23/mobilephones.g2). The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
21. "Ashes: England v Australia - day one as it happened | Andy Bull and Rob Smyth" (https://ww
w.theguardian.com/sport/2009/jul/16/ashes-england-australia-live-report). The Guardian.
London. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
22. "Semi-final clash excites fans" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4444713.stm).
BBC Sport. 14 April 2005. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
23. "Hello" (http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/hello). Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
24. "Hollo" (http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/hollo). Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
25. The New Fowler's, revised third edition by R. W. Burchfield, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-
19-860263-4, p. 356.
26. Bilderdijk, Willem Liefde en ballingschap. Brieven 1795-1797 (http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bild002
lief01_01/bild002lief01_01_0107.php?q=hallo) (ed. Marita Mathijsen). Uitgeverij De
Arbeiderspers, Amsterdam/Antwerp 1997
27. "Hello" (http://www.bartelby.com/61/60/H0136000.html). The American Heritage Dictionary of
the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Retrieved 2006-09-01.
28. OEME Dictionaries (http://home.comcast.net/~modean52/oeme_dictionaries.htm)
29. Kernighan, Brian W.; Ritchie, Dennis M. (1978). The C Programming Language (https://archive.
org/details/cprogramminglang00kern) (1st ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-
110163-3.
30. Kernighan, Brian (1974). "Programming in C: A Tutorial" (https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/ww
w/ctut.pdf) (PDF). Bell Labs. Retrieved 9 January 2019.

External links
Hello in more than 800 languages (http://users.elite.net/runner/jennifers/hello1.htm)
OED online entry for hollo (http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50107205?query_type=word&qu
eryword=hollo&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&result_place=1&search_id=MJDi-
YER2WO-12323&hilite=50107205) (Subscription)
 Merriam-Webster Dictionary: hollo (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollo), hullo (htt
p://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hullo)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hello&oldid=987226482"

This page was last edited on 5 November 2020, at 18:34 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.