5 - LTE Massive MIMO Radio Planning Solution

LTE eRAN11.
1 Massive MIMO Feature
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LTE eRAN11.1 Massive MIMO Feature


 Video & online gaming service grows in 4G era, with the expectation of tremendous growth of VR (Virtual Reality) & AR
(Augmented Reality), requirement for network capacity and delay becomes demanding.
 Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a business and investing specific term for the
geometric progression ratio that provides a constant rate of return over the time period.

 Massive MIMO uses massive antenna array which is able to form centralized user level
beam, with the maximum of 16-layers multiple user multiplexing, improving DL spectral
efficiency, hence it is very suitable for hotspot areas.

 In traditional 8T8R antenna system, the BF weight of antenna array is only adjustable in
horizontal level, in contract, massive MIMO allows BF weight adjusted in both horizontal
and vertical level, thus improving the user SINR in both vertical and horizontal planes. 3D
beamforming technology significantly improves vertical coverage footprint of high building.

 UL coverage limitation could be caused by high uplink load (UL interference increases, user
uplink experience deteriorates), especially in the event such as concert, stadium hall and
etc with high number of user performing uplink activities concurrently. This could be
improved by uplink multiple-user multiplexing gain and receiver diversity gain of massive
MIMO.

 Operator with existing LTE FDD network is usually with the concerns of smaller coverage
footprint of LTE TDD network (LTE TDD is usually with higher frequency band (2.6GHz)
than LTE FDD(1.8GHz))
 Wireless network is commonly with uplink coverage limitation, massive MIMO greatly
increasing uplink demodulation threshold with multiple receiver diversity gain and
interference suppression gain (with 64 receivers). There is 7dB gain of TDD massive MIMO
against FDD 2T2R in the same frequency band.




 Scenario definition: Define the deployment scenario (out of 4 common scenarios) based on
customer request and network condition
 Scenario evaluation: Evaluate network KPI of each scenario based on MR, KPI, engineering
parameter, and traffic forecast of 2 to 3 years. Output the evaluation in terms of capacity
and coverage evaluation.
 Scenario planning: Compare the gap between scenario evaluation result and scenario
definition threshold for scenario matching, output the candidate site list. Based on the gap
analysis result, evaluate the estimated gain of each candidate solution, select the optimal
solution with the most effective cost. For the candidates site for massive MIMO
deployment, perform eight-dimensional priority ranking.
 Parameter design: Based on the network evaluation result, design the massive MIMO sites
with the appropriate downtilt, azimuth and broadcast beam weight.
 Simulation & prediction: Perform coverage prediction and capacity simulation based on the
planned engineering parameters.


 The most commonly used statistics for expansion evaluation include user number, PRB
utilization, PDCCH CCE utilization and traffic volume.
 For the network with restrained traffic volume, massive MIMO helps to release the
restrained traffic volume. The definition of traffic volume restraint can be assumed by using
the network condition and user traffic model.
 For network with unrestrained traffic volume, traffic volume grows linearly with user
number. But for the network with high PRB utilization, the traffic volume do not grow with
the user number and hence the restrain threshold can be judged based on the curve of
traffic volume chart.
 The future RRC connected UE = L.Traffic.User.Avg x User Growth Factor

 Based on the current network service models and network trend, the Mbps rate required
by user anytime anywhere for user experience fulfillment can be calculated.
 The service model trend is moving towards video experience, the throughput requirement
for different video resolution can be calculated. It is estimated that by the year of 2020,
user data rate has to meet 6.3Mbps to meet the requirement of the specific video
resolution.

 3D beamforming of massive MIMO is efficient in improving high building coverage. There

are criteria for the building suitable for massive MIMO deployment:
 Building limitation:
 Building height 30 ~ 160m: Traditional antenna is sufficient in covering the
lower height building; for taller building exceeds the maximum height, the
coverage area might exceed the maximum vertical beam of massive MIMO.
 Cross-section area less than 2000m2: For building with large cross section
area, massive MIMO is not able to provide sufficient deep coverage.
 Ratio and threshold of weak coverage:
 Existing weak coverage threshold used in customer network can be
referred as the definition, for example RSRP < -110dBm. 20% can be
proposed as the ratio of weak coverage of building.

 User number and traffic grow significantly following the network evolution, the increment
of uplink load is followed by deterioration of uplink interference, which brings the
degradation of user uplink throughput.
 The uplink limited cells are with following evaluation criterias:
 Uplink PRB ratio L.ChMeas.PRB.PUSCH.Avg > 50% & UL average interference
L.UL.Interference.Avg > -110dBm
 UL low throughput ratio exceed threshold. The definition of low throughput and
ratio threshold can be determined according to network requirement. The common
definition is 20% of the uplink throughput in busy-hour < 256kbps.
 UL low throughput ratio = L.Thrp.UL.BitRate.Samp.Index0 /
(L.Thrp.UL.BitRate.Samp.Index0 + L.Thrp.UL.BitRate.Samp.Index1 + …
L.Thrp.UL.BitRate.Samp.Index9)

 For operators with existing FDD network, to ensure the newly deployed co-site TDD
network coverage to be similar with the FDD network is one of their biggest concerns.
Thus, the TDD coverage target has to be set in order to ensure the TDD cell edge user
experience is no worse than FDD.
 Solution:
 Calculate the FDD cell edge throughput based on drive test data on FDD network.
 Use link budget to calculate the minimum target RSRP of TDD network in order to
achieve the similar FDD cell edge throughput. Massive MIMO provides lower
target RSRP compared with 4T/8T, for the same cell edge throughput.
 Diagram below shows the CDF of FDD throughput distribution, from the chart it
shows that the cell edge throughput (5%) is 10Mbps, then the corresponding
minimum target RSRP of TDD network can be calculated from link budget.
5%



 Priority Score= Σ (Score Weight*Grade)

 Average DL PRB in BH: L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg/L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Avail
 Average CQI: (L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.0*0+…+ L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.15*15)/(
L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.0+…+ L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.15)
 Traffic size per ERAB: L.Thrp.bits.DL/L.E-RAB.SuccEst/1000/8
 User Concentration Rate: User distribution variance by grid MR number
 TA<1km Ratio:
(L.RA.TA.UE.Index0+L.RA.TA.UE.Index1+L.RA.TA.UE.Index2+L.RA.TA.UE.Index3)/(L.RA.TA.
UE.Index0+……+L.RA.TA.UE.Index11)
 *: The lowest 0%~10% represents the 10% cells with the lowest traffic size per ERAB
among all the candidate cells.
 **: The lowest 0%~10% represents the 10% cells with the lowest user concentration rate
among all the candidate cells
 Besides the previous factors, UE moving speed is also a very important factor. The
cell with many moving UEs is not suggested to be MM cell candidate.
 Extract the latest 1 week data of site including KPI/MR, by hour level and cell level.
 Determine the busy hour based on the hour with highest PRB utilization rate, extract the
relevant KPI/MR at that particular hour, and average the data (busy hour data, for total of
7 days), and perform ranking based on the grade and score weight.

 MU-BF layer increases with the higher cell load, hence higher MM gain
 Average DL PRB in BH: L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg/L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Avail
 Signal quality is the criteria for user pairing, which the pairing success rate highly
dependent on the signal quality, hence less pairing loss.
 Average CQI: (L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.0*0+…+ L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.15*15)/(
L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.0+…+ L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.15)

 User dispersion rate can be determined by user distribution variance by grid MR number.
High variance indicates high dispersion and vice versa.
 In the area with low user disperson, users are very centered and hence the multiple beam
of massive MIMO could not expand thoroughly, causing the low performance of user
pairing or less number of layers paired.
 For network without MR data, the user dispersion could be determined by observing the
site coverage area to judge if serving users are centralized.

 Antenna height information can be obtained from engineering parameter. This factor
affects the vertical beam distribution which influence the massive MIMO gain.
 The massive MIMO gain is also affected by user distance with the site because the number
of horizontal beams serving users are determined by user distance.
 TA<1km Ratio：(L.RA.TA.UE.Index0+…
+L.RA.TA.UE.Index3)/(L.RA.TA.UE.Index0+…+L.RA.TA.UE.Index11)



 Traditional beamforming enables the eNodeB to adapt narrow beams only on the
horizontal plane to the UEs moving at low speed and cannot adjust the beams in the
vertical plane. 3D beamforming enables the eNodeB to adjust narrow beams on both the
horizontal and vertical planes based on the varying UE locations so that the beams are
always directed towards target UEs, increasing the SINR of target UEs.

 Antenna weight numbered 10 to 13 are with wide vertical beamwidth, hence there is no
much change on antenna gain with the tilt change.
 After the antenna beamwidth change, it is important to maintain overall RSRP/SINR. If
horizontal beamwidth less than 65° is used in a normal 3-sectors cell, coverage hole
might exists, hence antenna pattern with horizontal beamwidth less than 65° is suitable
to be used in hotspot for coverage filling purpose (where there are overlapped coverage
from other sites surrounding)

 Assumes the coverage area is 100m2, site distance S is 100m, then calculated β is 53°,
then the horizontal HPBW can be configured as 65°or 45°
 Selection of 65°can ensure target coverage but higher interference; selection of 45°is
good in ensuring less interference but the parts of the target area could be with weak
coverage

 Assumes target building height of 80m, antenna height of 30m, distance between site and
building is 100m, the tilt obtained will be -5.7°, vertical HPBW calculated is 20.9°, then
17°can be selected for deployment
 Combining both horizontal & vertical HPBW, the tilt can be set to -6°, vertical HPBW is
17°, horizontal HPBW can be set as 45°considering antenna gain
 For high building coverage, it is important to evaluate the target area with highest traffic
load by using 3D map and high building coverage evaluation, design the vertical HPBW to
focus on the targeted spot.
 In practical design, if the calculated value of vertical HPBW is more than 33°, then the
following options are recommended:
 Choose another massive MIMO candidate site provided the coverage signal exceed
the target value
 Split the target coverage area of the building into several parts, the higher part of
the building can be covered by this massive MIMO sites and the lower part of the
building covered by other sites.





 Pair UE number is evaluated based on ratio of beamforming, big size packet, low mobility
users, user dispersion, integrated with active UE number
 Paired layer, Y, is calculated based on pair UE number
 Taking the input of SINR, SINR loss after paired is calculated based on number of paired
layers. SINR loss includes two parts:
 Power loss after paired: assume number of layer is N, the power loss is equals to
10 * log (N). Hence, 2 layers triggers 3dB loss, 3 layers trigger 4.8dB loss.
 Correlation loss after paired: this is due to not non-orthogonality, hence the relative
correlation loss after paired. Currently, 1dB paired loss is assumed for 1~10 layers,
3dB paired loss is assumed for 16 paired layers.
 SINR value for paired and unpaired user can be determined from the SINR vs THP chart
 Average cell throughput can be calculated after considering paired ratio, pair user
throughput and not-paired user throughput and number of paired layers.







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LTE eRAN11.

1 Massive MIMO Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

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 3D beamforming of massive MIMO is efficient in improving high building coverage. There

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 Priority Score= Σ (Score Weight*Grade)

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