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The document discusses supporting child development through health programs like IMCI. IMCI has tools to implement its guidelines for improving health worker skills and engaging families and communities. These include guidelines for feeding, play, and communication; adapted training materials; and a counseling card for mothers. The tools are being revised based on field tests and will strengthen IMCI's efforts to reduce childhood illness and deaths by promoting psychosocial development within health programs. This involves monitoring developmental milestones, screening for delays, and counseling families on care practices.
The document discusses supporting child development through health programs like IMCI. IMCI has tools to implement its guidelines for improving health worker skills and engaging families and communities. These include guidelines for feeding, play, and communication; adapted training materials; and a counseling card for mothers. The tools are being revised based on field tests and will strengthen IMCI's efforts to reduce childhood illness and deaths by promoting psychosocial development within health programs. This involves monitoring developmental milestones, screening for delays, and counseling families on care practices.
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The document discusses supporting child development through health programs like IMCI. IMCI has tools to implement its guidelines for improving health worker skills and engaging families and communities. These include guidelines for feeding, play, and communication; adapted training materials; and a counseling card for mothers. The tools are being revised based on field tests and will strengthen IMCI's efforts to reduce childhood illness and deaths by promoting psychosocial development within health programs. This involves monitoring developmental milestones, screening for delays, and counseling families on care practices.
Drepturi de autor:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formate disponibile
Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
IMCI has well-tested tools to
support its implementation: Support for implementing technical guidelines and training systems for improving health worker Care for Development within IMCI ■ Guidelines for feeding, play, and communication (IMCI charts) IMCI Care for skills, health system supports for building capacity in planning and supervising ■ Adapted IMCI training materials — Modules for health workers Development health programmes, and ways to work with families — Facilitator and supervisor guidelines — Mother’s counselling card For the healthy growth and and communities to improve child health. — Training video development of children ■ Technical seminar for decision makers Many attempts to improve These materials are being revised based on field tests with child development have failed health workers in Brazil, South Africa, and Syria. They will CHILDREN who are poorly counselling families on care: Interventions the test of going to scale, of be ready for wider use by the end of 2001. Several tools nourished and frequently ill to improve feeding practices to promote being able to reach large are also being adapted to strengthen support for child are in danger of dying. They and interactions with psychosocial development in community education and outreach numbers of children across are often difficult to feed, children, respond effectively development within activities. geographical and cultural and are less effective in when a child is sick, health programmes lines. The IMCI strategy has communicating their needs. stimulate growth and Supporting the growth and succeeded in providing a They may be timid and easily development through play development of children is delivery system to reach health. It is now being this success, while upset. Those who survive are and communication becoming a greater priority in many children and their implemented in over eighty strengthening the efforts of less active in exploring the activities, and solve problems health programmes. Three families with effective countries. Care for IMCI to reduce childhood world around them than in care. The guidelines, main approaches are used: interventions to improve their Development can build on illness and deaths. ▲ other children; they have produced by the WHO monitoring the child’s more difficulty learning. Department of Child and progress on developmental Adolescent Health and Over time mothers—and other milestones, screening for For further information please Development, are designed caregivers—feed, play with, developmental delays, and Combining interventions on nutrition contact: to train health workers on and communicate less often counselling families on how and psychological development for the Care for Development and Department of Child and with their poorly nourished to support the development greatest impact Adolescent Health and to strengthen community children. They are less likely of their children. A look at Development (CAH) efforts through the WHO/ The intimate to recognize signs of hunger, the three approaches World Health Organization UNICEF strategy, Integrated relationship between discomfort, and illness, and clarifies the choice to 20 Avenue Appia Management of Childhood physical growth and to react to potential harm. implement a counselling 1211 Geneva 27 psychological Illness (IMCI). Switzerland They may not experience the approach within IMCI. development is tel +41-22 791 3281 pleasure that encourages and particularly evident in fax +41-22 791 4853 sustains their attention in the first years of life. email cah@who.int This helps explain why activities that help their Families give their website http://www.who.int/child- prenatal and early children develop socially and children special care adolescent-health childhood nutritional intellectually. Improving the for development by interventions can also giving them love, child’s care is important for have an impact on responding to their developing the potential of all psychological development. Likewise, early psychosocial stimulation nutritional and other programmes to improve cognition (one aspect of psychological children; it is essential for needs, and providing development) may also have effects on physical growth. increasing the chance of opportunities to The most significant fact, though, is that children who receive survival of the most learn. Children learn combined nutrition and stimulation programmes perform better than vulnerable young ones. to communicate those who receive either type of intervention alone. their needs, solve WHO guidelines problems, and help For information on research leading to these conclusions see: others by playing and interacting with persons who care for A Critical Link: Interventions for physical growth and psychological development, on Care for WHO/CHS/CAH/99.3, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and them. Even at a very young age, children learn important skills Development, World Health Organization, 1999. Development that will prepare them for life. CAH
WHO now provides
comprehensive guidance on Unfortunately, accurate ■ The counselling of ■ Limited resources can be Implementing Care Elements of effective programmes developmental tests are mothers and other care- used to directly improve the for Development WHO commissioned a review of effective programmes in improving difficult to design, especially givers, as recommended in care children receive within through the IMCI the health, nutrition, and psychological development of children in for young children. The IMCI, has been proven their families. strategy disadvantaged circumstances. A Critical Link (1999) concluded that standards—even for effective in improving feeding ■ Maintaining a large-scale IMCI is a strategy to reduce the most effective programmes: mastering basic motor tasks, practices and growth, and monitoring or testing childhood deaths, illness, and ■ Focus on the children who are in the “critical window” of life— such as when the child could also be effective in programme to identify disability, and to promote improvements before birth and during the first 2 to 3 years of life should roll over or begin to improving the child’s severely delayed children improved growth and have the greatest crawl—are affected by development. impact on the child’s would divert training, development. The most basic cultural and family practices. future growth and ■ Building on the IMCI consultation time, and other supports for child Most first level health clinics development. counselling process, and the resources away from the development in IMCI are are unable to provide suitable ■ Focus on children delivery system developed to many other children who those that reduce the assault testing conditions, as well as who are most at risk— implement IMCI, is an could benefit from improved of repeated illness during the the high level of training the greatest efficient way to implement nutrition and intellectual time children need good improvements were required to make accurate Care for Development for stimulation. health to grow, reach out, seen in children who assessments. The resources the children who need it and explore, and promote were impoverished used to implement an most: those who are poorly good health and nutrition. and undernourished. effective screening nourished and frequently ill. ■ Combine several programme can leave little to IMCI targets children most interventions, for help even the few children at risk, especially children example: to promote identified to receive intensive living in poverty, often with good nutrition, improve mother-child interactions, stimulate Key features of IMCI multiple conditions of illness. services. psychosocial development, and improve the child’s health. Care for Development Many are poorly nourished. ■ Involve parents and other caregivers in improving the child’s care. The choice for the IMCI These are also the children ■ Based on the model of IMCI The results of this review influenced the design of the IMCI Care for strategy: Counselling nutrition counselling most at risk of suffering Development intervention. families on how to developmental delays. ■ Targets children most at risk: For more information, see A Critical Link: Interventions for physical growth and support the development children with anaemia or low IMCI nutrition interventions psychological development, WHO/CHS/CAH/99.3, Department of Child and of their children weight for age, and all children Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 1999. are intended for children who A counselling approach less than two years old would also benefit from focuses on what caregivers ■ Improves the knowledge and skills improved care: children who can do to respond to the of mothers and others who care are underweight for their age, Monitoring progress on milestones may leave few for children developmental resources available to help needs of their children for and all children age less than milestones families, resulting in little care. It provides guidance on — Strengthens active and Age 12 months to 2 years: Give your two years (in the ‘critical responsive feeding to improve child things to stack up, and to put into change in the child’s care activities to stimulate containers and take out. window’ for having the Programmes that promote nutrition and growth and little effect on the child’s physical growth and greatest impact). The the use of milestones focus — Introduces activities to improve development. intellectual and social potential of achieving a on what the healthy child interaction with children, to development. Counselling greater impact by combining should be able to do at stimulate growth and learning, Screening for helps families solve problems interventions for nutrition and various ages or stages of life. and to promote responsive care developmental delays in providing care for their for the child’s health psychological development The child’s progress through children. Where specialized have been clearly developmental tasks To identify children who are — Recommends specific play and services are available, demonstrated. (milestones) for each age developmentally delayed, communication activities to children who have difficulty help children move to the next may be plotted on child some health programmes IMCI also builds the skills of learning can be referred for steps in their development health cards, similar to administer special tests to families to provide nutritious appropriate assessment and plotting the child’s growth. children at different ages. ■ Helps families solve problems in food, feed the child more expert help. providing care Failure to complete age- effectively, seek care for sick Monitoring developmental specific tasks on the test Based on a review of the Here are two recommendations from children, and care for the milestones, as with growth indicates potential delayed three main approaches, the the guidelines on how families can sick child at home. These monitoring, requires an help their children learn through development and a need to choice to promote a elements of care appropriate response when play. refer the child and family for counselling approach in IMCI Age 2 years and older: Help your complement care for the child’s progress falters. child count, name, and compare things. special help. was a practical one: Make simple toys for your child. development. Efforts to promote the use of