Oracle Database 11g - by Mahmoud AL-Dabbas

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About Course
Course name
Oracle Database and Web Application
Date: From 25/5/2015
Place: Syrian Telecom Company
By
DBA.Mahmoud Al-Dabbas
DBA.Mahmoud Al-Dabbas 2
Class Format
1 Live Lectures By Slides & Documents
2 Discussion
3 Problem Solving
4 Workshop
5 Quizes
Grading &
Evaluation
1 Assignments: 3 @ 5% each = 15% of grade.
2 Project: 1 @ 10% each = 10% of grade.
3 Midterm: 25% of grade
4 Final: 45% of grade.
5 5% for Teacher .
6 Attendance : not more 2 unjustified Absence

Programs & Tools
1 Oracle Database 11g .
2 Oracle Database XE Edition.
3 Oracle Developer 10g.
4 Toad.
5 Web Tools .
LOGOs
Course Objectives
1 Database Architecture & Design.
2 Oracle Database Introduction.
3 Oracle Database 11g SQL Fundamentals I.
4 Oracle Database 11g SQL Fundamentals II.
5 Oracle Database 11g Program with PL/SQL.
Database Architecture & Design
Head Lines
1 History of Database Systems
2 Database Management Systems (DBMS)
3 Types of Databases
4 Relational Model
5 Entity Relationship Diagrams
1
History of Database Systems
 Early Manual System :

 Before-1950s:
• Data was stored as paper records.
• Lot of man power involved.
• Lot of time was wasted e.g. when searching
• Therefore inefficient.
 Revolution began :
 1950s and early 1960s:
• Data processing using magnetic tapes for storage.
• Tapes provide only sequential access.
• Punched cards for input .
 Late 1960s and 1970s:
• Hard disks allow direct access to data.
• Data stored in files.
• Known as File Processing System.
(contd.)
 File based systems :

 Adequate for small applications.
 Drawbacks :
• Separation and isolation of data.
• Each program maintains its own set of data.
• Users of one program may be unaware of potentially useful data
held by other programs.
 Duplication of data :
• Same data is held by different locations..
• Wasted space and potentially different values and/or different formats for
the same item.
 Data dependence:
• File structure is defined in the program code.
File based systems (contd.)
 Incompatible file formats :

• Programs are written in different languages, and so cannot easily access
each other’s files.
 Fixed Queries/Proliferation of application programs :

• Programs are written to satisfy particular functions.
• Any new requirement needs a new program.
Database Approach
 Arose because:
• Definition of data was embedded in application programs, rather than
being stored separately and independently.
• No control over access and manipulation of data beyond that imposed by
application programs.
 Result:
• The database and Database Management System (DBMS).
2
Database Management Systems (DBMS)
Database Management Systems.
DBMS
DBMS Benefits
 DBMS Benefits:
• Minimal data redundancy
• Consistency of data
• Integration of data
• Sharing of data
• Ease of application development
• Uniform security, privacy, and integrity controls
• Data accessibility and responsiveness
• Data independence
• Reduced program maintenance
Role and Advantages of the DBMS (cont)
Types of DBMS (cont)
 1960’S:
 The most important Hierarchical DBMS is IMS for IBM .
 1960’S:
 1960’S:
 1960’S:
 1970’S:
 1970’S:
 1970’S:
 1990’S:
3
Types of Databases
Types of Databases (cont)
 Why Database Design is Important??
• Defines the database’s expected use

• Different approach needed for different types of databases.
• Avoid redundant data
• Poorly designed database generates errors  leads to bad
decisions  can lead to failure of organization
 Why Database systems ?

• Problems inherent in file systems make using a database system desirable
• File system :Many separate and unrelated files
• Database :Logically related data stored in a single logical data repository
Types of Databases
 Single-user:
• Supports only one user at a time.
 Desktop:
• Single-user database running on a personal computer .
 Multi-user:
• Supports multiple users at the same time.
 Workgroup :
• Multi-user database that supports a small group of users or a single
department
 Enterprise:
• Multi-user database that supports a large group of users or an entire
organization.
Types of Databases (cont)
Can be classified by location :

 Centralized :
• Supports data located at a single site.
 Distributed :
• Supports data distributed across several sites.
Can be classified by use :

 Transactional (or production):
• Supports a company’s day-to-day operations .
 Data warehouse:
• Stores data used to generate information required to make tactical or
strategic decisions.
• Often used to store historical data .
• Structure is quite different .
The Database System Environment
 Database system is composed of five main parts:
• Hardware
• Software :
Operating system software
DBMS software
Application programs and utility software
• People
• Procedures
• Data
The Database System Environment (cont)
DBMS Functions
 DBMS performs functions that guarantee integrity and consistency of data

• Data dictionary management
 defines data elements and their relationships
• Data storage management
 stores data and related data entry forms, report definitions, etc.
• Data transformation and presentation
 translates logical requests into commands to physically locate and retrieve
the requested data .
• Security management
 enforces user security and data privacy within database .
• Multiuser access control
 uses sophisticated algorithms to ensure multiple users can access the
database concurrently without compromising the integrity of the database .
• Backup and recovery management
 provides backup and data recovery procedures .
• Data integrity management
 promotes and enforces integrity rules
DBA.Mahmoud
. Al-Dabbas 33
DBMS Functions
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Place: Syrian Telecom Company

1 Live Lectures By Slides & Documents

2 Project: 1 @ 10% each = 10% of grade.

3 Midterm: 25% of grade

4 Final: 45% of grade.

6 Attendance : not more 2 unjustified Absence

1 Oracle Database 11g .

2 Oracle Database XE Edition.

3 Oracle Developer 10g.

1 Database Architecture & Design.

2 Oracle Database Introduction.

3 Oracle Database 11g SQL Fundamentals I.

4 Oracle Database 11g SQL Fundamentals II.

5 Oracle Database 11g Program with PL/SQL.

1 History of Database Systems

2 Database Management Systems (DBMS)

5 Entity Relationship Diagrams

Database Architecture & Design

History of Database Systems

 Early Manual System :

 File based systems :

 Incompatible file formats :

 Fixed Queries/Proliferation of application programs :

Database Architecture & Design

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

 The most important Hierarchical DBMS is IMS for IBM .

Database Architecture & Design

Types of Databases (cont)

 Why Database Design is Important??

• Defines the database’s expected use

 Why Database systems ?

Types of Databases (cont)

Can be classified by location :

Can be classified by use :

The Database System Environment

 Database system is composed of five main parts:

The Database System Environment (cont)

 DBMS performs functions that guarantee integrity and consistency of data

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