FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PERMATANG PAUH

INTRODUCTION
Generally beam deflections are caused primarily by the bending action of applied loads. In
some instances, however, where a beam’s cross-sectional dimensions are not small
compared with its length, deflections due to shear become significant and must be
calculated. It is important to consider beam deflections due to shear in addition to those
produced by bending. There are several different methods of strengthening the deflections in
beams, the choice depending upon the type of problem being solved.

OBJECTIVE

To strengthen the flexural of simply supported beam by reducing the deflection.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the week, student should be able to:

1. Describe the parameters that influence the deflection of beam.

2. Determine the method to reduce the deflection of beam.

PROCEDURE

1. Beam dimensions was recorded for fixed – fixed support.

2. The load was fixed at a distances of 40cm from support A, while the dial gauge was
fixed at a distances of 50cm from support B.
3. The dial gauge reading was recorded for 2N, 4N, 6N, 8N and 10N load.
4. Steps 1-5 was repeated with beam of different support (Pinned – Pinned Support).
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PERMATANG PAUH

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Length from roller support to weight hanger, L(mm) 400

Length from pinned support to weight hanger, L(mm) 600
Thickness of beam, h(mm) 11.5
Width of beam, b(mm) 2.5
Elasticity Modulus, E(GPa) 207
Moment of Inertia, I

SAMPLE CALCULATION
PINNED-PINNED SUPPORT

Moment inertia = /12

= (0.0115) ( ) / 12
=

δ theory =

= m

Percentage differences

= (2.97-2.974) / 2.974 x 100 %

= 0.134 %

Load, Actual Deflection Actual Deflection Theoretical Percentage

W(N) (div) Deflection (m) Differences %
(m) (X )
(X )

2 297 2.97 2.974 0.134

4 597 5.97 5.948 0.370

6 799 7.99 8.922 10.446

8 994 9.94 11.896 16.443

10 1197 11.97 14.870 19.502

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PERMATANG PAUH

FIXED - FIXED SUPPORT

Moment inertia = /12

= (0.0115) ( ) / 12

δ theory =

= m

Percentage differences

= (0.48-12.392) / 12.392 x 100 %

= 96.13 %

Load, Actual Deflection Actual Deflection Theoretical Percentage

W(N) (div) Deflection (m) Differences %
(m) (X )
(X )

2 48 0.48 12.392 96.13

4 98 0.98 24.784 96.05

6 149 1.49 37.176 95.99

8 202 2.02 49.568 95.92

10 258 2.58 61.960 95.84

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PERMATANG PAUH

Graph 1: Deflection of beam VS Load

Graph 2: Deflection of Beam VS Load (For Fixed-Fixed Support)

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PERMATANG PAUH

DISCUSSION
There are some safety measurement need to be consider during conducting
an experiment. When placing a weight on hanger, make sure the hanger can hold
the load and put in gently on hanger so that the weight do not fall suddenly. To
prevent the weight fall on foots, always wear a safety boot when conducting an
experiment so that all serious injury can be avoided.

Based on the experiment result, the percentage differences we obtained for

experimental deflection of beam for Pinned – Pinned support is 0.134% to 19.502%.
The deflection of beam for Fixed – Fixed support is 96.13% to 95.84%. From this
result, we can see that percentages differences for Fixed – Fixed support is far
bigger than the Pinned – Pinned support.

The differences may cause by some factors such as external load from
disturbance of some group member. Another things that affect the result was the
load was placed not at the centre enough for the load hanger to exert the real load
applied to the beam. Those differences also may cause by swaying of the load
hanger since the dial gauge too sensitive.

To get a better result, make sure the load hanger does not sway and take two
result to get an average. This will increase the consistency of the reading of the dial
gauge.
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PERMATANG PAUH

CONCLUSION
From this experiment, we can conclude that the objective of this experiment was
achieved. The objective of this experiment is to strengthen the flexural of simply supported
beam by reducing the deflection.

From the graph above, we can said that the deflection of beam increase when we
increase the load. According to our calculation, we already achieved the objective because
we already determine strengthen of flexural of simply supported beam by reducing the
deflection. The average percentages differences for both type of support is 9.379% and
95.986%. This shown that errors are very high during our conducting experiment.

Although we have achieved the objective, we still face errors during experiment such
as the machine reading was not calibrated well before we start the experiment. Besides that,
error also cause by the human such as the load are not applied slowly.
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PERMATANG PAUH

APPENDICES

Figure 1: Deflection of beam apparatus

Figure 2: Calibrate the Dial Gauge Figure 3: Apply load at Beam

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PERMATANG PAUH

REFERENCES
1. R.C. Hibeler. Structural Analysis. 5th Edition. Singapore: National University of
Singapore, 2012. Page 387-393.
2. Kenneth M. Leet & Anne M. Gilbert, Fundamentals of Structural Analysis. 3rd Edition.
Mc Graw Hill, 2008. Page 255-267.
3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141635907000761
4. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/young-modulus-d_417.html