्

अच-सिः -३
 पसिः, परपसिः, कृ ितभावसिः च
यावासिः, पूव
 ् िधः २
अच-सं
Objective
After going through this lesson, you will be able to

Perform यावासिः, पूव  पसिः, परपसिः and

कृ ितभावसिः and split words / phrases involving
यावासिः, पूव  पसिः, परपसिः and कृ ितभावसिः ।
 ्
अच-सिः -३
Practical objective :
After going through this lesson, you will be able to
understand these sentences.

शोऽ भोजनायौदनं ददात।ु

Shambhu! Give cooked rice for his/ her meal.

ु भम
गः ू ावेव उपिवय उपदेश ं करोित।
Seated only on the ground, the teacher instructs.
 ्
अच-सिः -३

त पठनयाशा अि।
He has desire for reading.

ु ऽयत।्
तां दिणां गरवे
(He/she) Gave that offering for guru.

ु
एषा कथा मयवै रमायाया।
This story was only told by me to Rama.
 ्
अच-सिः -३

ु
Previously, we learnt गणसिः, वृिसिः and
्
यण-सिः।

In this lesson, we continue learning अच-्

सयः with – अयवायावसिः, पवू  पसिः,
परपसिः and कृ ितभावसिः।
 ्
अच-सिः -३
The अयवायावसिः is called so because the
substitutes in this सिः are अय, ् अव,् आय a् nd
आव।्

अय a् nd आय a् re called याः। अव a् nd आव a् re
called वाः।

For this reason, it is also called the

यावासिः।
 ्
अच-सिः -३
Rule for अयवायावसिः - For this सिः to take
place, the letters ए/ऐ/ओ/औ should be
followed by any vowel. The substitutes are
अय, ् आय, ् अव a् nd आव r् espectivley.
Hence,
▪ए should be replaced with अय ,्
▪ऐ should be replaced with आय ,्
▪ओ should be replaced with अव,्
▪औ should be replaced with आव ्
when it is followed by a vowel.
 ्
अच-सिः -३
Example -

हरे + आग = हरयाग

Explanation -

Here, the first word, हरे, ends with the letter ए

The next word, आग, begins with आ which is a vowel.
Hence, ए is followed by a vowel other than अ।
According to the above rule, ए is substituted with अय।्
Slide 8

1 Add examples for other cases

Hari Haran.K, 10-08-2017
 ्
अच-सिः -३
Examples in other combinations –

् रामयेतत ्
रामे + एतत =
गरोु + आदेशः = गरवादे
ु शः
न ै + अकः = नायकः
नौ + इकः = नािवकः
हरौ + अि = हरावि
Slide 9

2 Mention शाक प ः
Hari Haran.K, 10-08-2017
 ्
अच-सिः -३
Some more examples for यावासिः -

राजानौ + अपालयताम = ् राजानावपालयताम ्

ौ + अिप = ाविप
ु
बिमौ ु
+ इित = बिमािवित
राजानौ + अनवधानय ु ौ = राजानावनवधानय ु ौ
 ्
अच-सिः -३
Some more examples for यावासिः -

सौ + आाम = ् सावााम ्

सव + आगताः = सवय ागताः
मु ै + एव = म
ु ायेव
उपिवशौ + आाम = ् उपिवशावााम ्
राजानौ + अिप = राजानाविप
 ्
अच-सिः -३

The next सिः that we are going to see is

called the पवू 
 पसिः
So far, we have seen sandhis in which the
substitute is different from the letters being
substituted.
In पवू 
 पसिः, it is just a copy of one of the
letters being substituted.
 ्
अच-सिः -३

We have seen that if ए/ऐ/ओ/औ is followed by

a vowel, अयवायावसिः takes place.

However, when ए/ओ at the end of a word is

followed by a short अ, पवू 
 पसिः should be
done.
 ्
अच-सिः -३

Rule for doing पवू 

 पसिः - When ए/ओ at the
end of a word is followed by the short अ
both the letters are to be replaced with the
preceding letter.
Example –
हरे + अ = हरे/हरेऽ।
अहो + अत ु म=् अहोत ्
ु म/अहोऽ ु म ।्
त
 ्
अच-सिः -३
Example -

हरे + अ = हरे/हरेऽ।

Explanation -
Here, the first word ends with ए|
The second word begins with an अ.
Hence, by the पवू 
 पसिः rule, both ए and अ
are replaced with an ए.
 ्
अच-सिः -३
Example -

अहो + अत ् अहोत

ु म= ्
ु म/अहोऽतु म ।्

Explanation -
Here, the first word ends with ओ|
The second word begins with an अ.
Hence, by the पवू 
 पसिः rule, both ओ and अ
are replaced with an ओ.
 ्
अच-सिः -३

Note -

It is usual practice, while writing, to indicate a

short अ that has been replaced by पवू   पसिः with
the mark ऽ. The mark is called अवहः and is
optional.
 ्
अच-सिः -३

The next सिः we are going to learn is

called परपसिः।

Similar to the पवू 

 पसिः, in परपसिः a copy
of the succeeding letter comes as a
substitute for both the preceding and
succeeding letter.
Slide 18

3 Add example in the intro side itself so that the intro is clear
Hari Haran.K, 10-08-2017
 ्
अच-सिः -३

When a prefix ending in अ(, अप, अव, उप) is

followed a verb starting with ए/ओ, both the
letters are to be replaced with the
succeeding letter.

As such, it is an exception to वृिसिः।

 ्
अच-सिः -३
Example -

 + एजते = ेजते
उप + ओषित = उपोषित

Explanation -

Here, the prefix  ends with अ

It is followed by a verb एजते starting with ए.
Hence, according to the above rule, in place of
both the अ and the ए, ए is substituted.
 ्
अच-सिः -३

Note –

In both the examples given, in the absence of

परपसिः, वृिसिः would have occurred and
we would have got the form  ैजते and उपौषित।
 ्
अच-सिः -३
In dual forms of nouns ending with ई, ऊ and ए।

Dual forms of आकारशाः, इकाराशाः and

उकाराशाः end with ए, ई and ऊ। When the dual
forms of words that end in ई, ऊ and ए are followed
by any vowel, no सिः is to be done.

Cases like the above are called कृ ितभावसिः।

 ्
अच-सिः -३
Example -
हरी + एतौ = हरी एतौ।
िव ू + इमौ = िव ू इमौ।
गे + अम ू = गे अम।ू

Explanation –

In the above examples, the first word is a noun in

dual form ending with ई, ऊ andए।
As a result, no सिः is to be done even though the
conditions for यसिः/ अयवायावसिः are met.
 ्
अच-सिः -३
Here are some examples that are obtained through
सिः

देव + ऋिषः = देवषः/ देव ऋिषः

कृ ाय + ओम = ् कृ ायोम ्
 + एधते = ेधते
हरे + अ = हरेऽ
िवो + अ = िवो
ीपते३ + अ = ीपते३ अ
 असिः ३
Now, let us see the sentences we saw in the beginning of the
lesson again.
शो भोजनायौदनं ददात।ु
शो + अ = शो/ शोऽ।
् भोजनायौदनम।्
भोजनाय + ओदनम =
्
शो = Shambhu!, अ = his, भोजनाय = for meal, ओदनम =
cooked rice, ददात ु = give.
शो! अ भोजनाय ओदनं ददात।ु
Shambhu! Give cooked rice for his meal.
 असिः ३
ु भूमावेव उपिवय उपदेश ं करोित।
गः

भूमौ + एव = भूमावेव।

ु = Teacher, भूमौ = on the ground, एव = only, उपिवय =

गः
seated, उपदेश ं = instruction, करोित = does.

ु भूमौ एव उपिवय उपदेश ं करोित।

गः
Seated only on the ground, the teacher instructs.
 असिः ३
त पठनयाशा अि।

पठने + आशा = पठनयाशा।

त = For him, पठने = in reading, आशा = desire,

अि = is.

त पठनयाशा अि।
He has desire for reading.
 असिः ३
ु ऽयत।्
तां दिणां गरवे
् गरवे
ु + अयत =
गरवे ु यत/् गरवे
ु ऽयत।्
् (He/she)
ु = for guru, अयत =
तां = That, दिणां = offering, गरवे
gave.
ु अयत।्
तां दिणां गरवे
He/she gave that offering to the guru.
 असिः ३
ु ।्
एषा कथा मय ैव रमायायम
मया + एव = मयैव।
ु
रमायै + उा = रमायाया।
एषा = This, कथा = story, मया = by me, एव = only, रमाय ै = to
Rama, उा = told.
एषा कथा मया एव रमाय ै उा।
This story was only told by me to Rama.
 असिः ३
Similarly, practise sandhi-splitting with the following
sentences –
् मेितहासपकम
हरयेतत म ु ।्
Hari! This is my history book.
ु
गरोऽध ु अा का चलित।
ना
Guru! Now another class is going on.
भूमावानः लभः।
Bliss is hard to get on Earth.
 असिः ३
ु
बािवा ,ु न िवे।
Let there be desire for knowledge, not for wealth.
ु ाव आगिमतः।
तावभ
They both are coming here.
िवः इित पवतः मदेशऽे ि।
The mountain named Vindhya is in Madhya Pradesh.
् यत।्
गोिवः तायाफलम अ
Govinda gave a mango to him.
 असिः ३
एषा शूप णखा सीतायाय ैष त।्
This Shurpanakha felt jealous of Sita.
कृ ः रााववातरत।्
Krishna incarnated during the night.
िवोऽयं तव भः।
Vishnu! This is your devotee.