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Se va studia în continuare situţia unei grinzi de beton armat, pentru care este necesară creşterea
încărcării utile faţă de situaţia existentă.
Analiza grinzii arată că ea are capacitatea de preluare a forţei tăietoare, satisface cerinţele de
deformabilitate şi de asemenea satisface cerinţele privind limitarea deschiderii fisurilor.
Problema care se iveşte implică o creştere a capacităţii portante la moment învoietor.
L ≔ 7.2 m
kN
qinitial.tot ≔ 68 ――
m
kN qinitial.tot ⋅ L 2
qtot.final. ≔ qinitial.tot ⋅ 30% = 20.4 ―― Med ≔ ―――― = 440.64 kN ⋅ m
m 8
kN qtot.final ⋅ L 2
qtot.final ≔ qtot.final. + qinitial.tot = 88.4 ―― Med.tot.final ≔ ―――― = 572.832 kN ⋅ m
m 8
Beton: C45/55
N
fck ≔ 45 ――
mm 2
fck N
fcd ≔ ―― = 30 ――
1.5 mm 2
fctm ≔ 3.8 MPa
Oțel: B500
N
fyk ≔ 500 ――
mm 2
kN
γb.a ≔ 25 ――
m3
fyk N
fyd ≔ ―― = 434.783 ――
1.15 mm 2
Efu ≔ 250 GPa Ef ≔ Efu = 250 GPa εfu ≔ 0.009
tf ≔ 1.4 mm
llatime ≔ 100 mm
Af ≔ tf ⋅ llatime = 140 mm 2
Predimensionare grindă
-Condiții tehnologice: la grinzile monolite dimensiunile secțiunii transversale din considerente practice
se stabilesc multiplu de 50 mm
-h,b multiplu de 50 mm
L
h ≔ ―= 0.48 m
15
L
h ≔ ―= 0.72 m hg ≔ 70 cm
10
L
h ≔ ―= 0.48 m
15
h
-Este recomandat valorile raportul: ― = 1.5 ‥ 3
b
hg
b ≔ ―― = 0.467 m
1.5 Aleg: bg ≔ 35 cm
hg
b ≔ ―= 0.233 m
3
Grinda: 35x70 cm
cmin.b ≔ 10 mm
ϕsl ≔ 25 mm ϕsw ≔ 8 mm
cnom ≔ 25 mm
ϕsl
d ≔ hg - cnom - ϕsw - ―= 654.5 mm
2
qinitial.tot ⋅ L 2
MEd ≔ ―――― = 440.64 kN ⋅ m
8
MEd
μ ≔ ――― = 0.098
bg ⋅ d 2 ⋅ fcd
ω ≔ 1 - ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
((1 - 2 ⋅ μ)) = 0.103
fcd
Asl.nec ≔ ω ⋅ bg ⋅ d ⋅ ―= 16.328 cm 2
fyd
fctm
As.min ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ―― ⋅ b ⋅ d = 8.705 cm 2
fyk g
Ac ≔ bg ⋅ hg = 0.245 m 2
As.max ≔ 0.04 ⋅ Ac = 98 cm 2
Aleg: 4 ϕ25
As.eff ≔ 19.64 cm 2
fyd
x ≔ As.eff ⋅ ―――― = 10.166 cm
η ⋅ fcd ⋅ λ ⋅ bg
x
z≔d-λ⋅― = 61.384 cm
2
MRd ≔ As.eff ⋅ fyd ⋅ z = 524.164 kN ⋅ m
Factor de echivalenta:
N N
Es ≔ 210000 ―― Ec ≔ 36 GPa Ec = ⎛⎝3.6 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ ――
mm 2 mm 2
Es
αs ≔ ―= 5.833
Ec
bg ⋅ xo 2
―― + ⎛⎝αs - 1⎞⎠ ⋅ As2 ⋅ ⎛⎝x0 - d2⎞⎠ = αs ⋅ As1 ⋅ ⎛⎝d - x0⎞⎠
2
As2 ≔ 0 cm 2 d2 ≔ 0 mm bg = 350 mm d = 654.5 mm εs2 ≔ 0
350 ⋅ x0 2
――― + 0 = 5.833 ⋅ 1946 ⋅ ⎛⎝654.5 - x0⎞⎠
2
350
a ≔ ―― = 175
2 5.833 ⋅ 1946 = 1.135 ⋅ 10 4
b ≔ 1.135 ⋅ 10 4
1.135 ⋅ 10 4 ⋅ 654.5 = 7.429 ⋅ 10 6
c ≔ -7.429 ⋅ 10 6
c ≔ -7.429 ⋅ 10 6
Δ ≔ b 2 - 4 ⋅ a ⋅ c = 5.329 ⋅ 10 9
Δ
-b + ‾‾
x1. ≔ ―――= 176.145
2⋅a
x0 ≔ 176.145 mm
M0 ≔ Med = 440.64 kN ⋅ m
M0 ⋅ x0
εc0 ≔ ―― = 0.000662
Ec ⋅ I02
a ≔ 7.14 ⋅ 10 3
b ≔ -⎛⎝6.793 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠
c ≔ -⎛⎝8.575 ⋅ 10 7 ⎞⎠
Δ ≔ b 2 - 4 ⋅ a ⋅ c = 2.91 ⋅ 10 12
Δ
-b + ‾‾
x1. ≔ ―――= 167.038
2⋅a
x ≔ 167.038 mm
x = 167.038 mm
Aleg o valoare
astfel incat sa respect conditia de ductilitate
xreal ≔ 187 mm
xreal
―― = 0.286 < 0.45 pentru beton pana la clasa C45 pentru ca sectiunea sa fie ductila
d
Deformaţia specifică ultimă a betonului comprimat:
εcu ≔ 0.0035
hg - xreal
εf ≔ εcu ⋅ ――― - ε0 = 0.008
xreal
MRd ≔ As1 ⋅ fyd ⋅ ⎛⎝d - δG ⋅ xreal⎞⎠ + Af ⋅ Ef ⋅ εf ⋅ ⎛⎝hg - δG ⋅ xreal⎞⎠ + As2 ⋅ Es ⋅ εs2 ⋅ ⎛⎝δG ⋅ xreal - d2⎞⎠ = 662.066 kN ⋅ m
d - xreal
εs1 ≔ εcu ⋅ ――― = 0.009
xreal
fyd
εs1 > ―= 1 Verifica!
Es
→armătura întinsă intră în curgere.
evitarea ruperii compozitului:
γf ≔ 1.35
εfu = 0.009
εfu
―= 0.007
γf
hg - xreal εfu
εf ≔ εcu ⋅ ――― - ε0 ≤ ―
xreal γf
hg - xreal
εf ≔ εcu ⋅ ――― - ε0 = 0.008
xreal
hg - xreal
εf ≔ εcu ⋅ ――― - ε0 = 0.008
xreal
εfu
εf ≤ ―= 0 Nu verifica!
γf
Verificare beton:
xreal
εcu ≔ εs1 ⋅ ――― = 0.0035 trebuie sa fie egal cu 0.0035 pentru ca betonul sa fie la
d - xreal zdrobire
Calculam pozitia reala a axei neutre considerand ca deformatia betonului este la jumatatea
intrevalului 2%0si 3.5%0 adica .
Verificam daca pentru valoarea obtinuta a axei neutre armatura intinsa curge.
d - x fyd
εs1 = εc ⋅ ―― ≥―
x Es
d-x fyd
εs1 ≔ εc ⋅ ―― = 0.017 > ―= 0.002
x Es
fyd
εs1 > ―= 1
Es
Determinam coeficientii:
MRd = As1 ⋅ fyd ⋅ ⎛⎝d - δG ⋅ x⎞⎠ + Af ⋅ Ef ⋅ εfud ⋅ ⎛⎝hg - δG ⋅ x⎞⎠ + As2 ⋅ Es ⋅ εs2 ⋅ ⎛⎝δG ⋅ x - d2⎞⎠
Nfa.max = α ⋅ c1 ⋅ kc ⋅ kb ⋅ bg ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛⎝Ef ⋅ tf ⋅ fctm⎞⎠
bf ≔ llatime = 100 mm
bf
―= 0.286
bg
bf
―< 0.33 = 1 => kb ≔ 1
bg
Nfa.max ≔ 258.3 kN
Nfa.max > Nf = 0
Lungimea maximă eficientă de ancorare:
c2 ≔ 2
‾‾‾‾‾
Ef ⋅ tf ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
250000 ⋅ 1.4
Ib.max = ―― ―――― = 214.599 [mm]
c2 ⋅ fctm 2 ⋅ 3.8
a ≔ 44.2
b ≔ 318.24
c ≔ -440.64
Δ ≔ b 2 - 4 ⋅ a ⋅ c = 1.792 ⋅ 10 5
Δ
-b + ‾‾
lbt ≔ ―――= 1.188
2⋅a
⎛⎝L - l0⎞⎠
lb ≔ lbt - ――― = 1013 mm
2