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apart masonry walls (centre to centre). The beam has to carry, in addition to its own weight,
a distributed live load of 10 kN/m and a dead load (udl) of 5 kN/m and 30kN (Point Load) at
the centre. Design the beam section having cross section 300 mm x 400 mm. Assume M25,
Fe415 and moderate exposure condition.
Solution:
1. Data Provided
Exposure condition = Moderate (Table 3, IS 456:2000)
Grade of Concrete= M25 (Table 5, IS 456:2000)
fck ≔ 25 MPa fy ≔ 415 MPa
Clear Cover= 25 mm (Table 16, IS 456:2000) assuming 20 mm dia main bar
b ≔ 300 mm
D ≔ 400 mm
Effective depth
20 mm
d ≔ D - 25 mm - 8 mm - ――― = 357 mm
2
2. Effective Length (Cl 22.2, IS456:2000)
a) Lcc ≔ 6 m
b) Lcc - Sw + d = 6.127 m
Maximum Applied Moment due to Point load (at the centre of the span)
Leff
Mpoint ≔ P ⋅ ―― = 45 kN ⋅ m
4
Maximum SF near the support due to point load
1
SFpoint ≔ P ⋅ ―= 15 kN
2
Maximum Design Moment (Centre of the span)
Mu ≔ Mudl ⋅ 1.5 + Mpoint ⋅ 1.5 = 189 kN ⋅ m
This suggests that the section is not adequate to take the applied moment. That means the
section should be designed as doubly reinforced beam.
5. Calculation of steel
⎛ Mulimit ⎞
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎜1 - 1 - 4.598 ⋅ ――― ⎟
⎜⎝ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 ⎟⎠
Ast_limit ≔ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ ―――――――――= ⎛⎝1.275 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
2 ⋅ fy
Ast_limit
pt_limit ≔ ――― ⋅ 100 = 1.191
b⋅d
20 mm
d' ≔ 25 mm + 8 mm + ――― = 43 mm
2
xumax ≔ xulimit = 171.36 mm
⎛⎝xumax - d'⎞⎠
εsc ≔ 0.0035 ⋅ ――――= 0.003
xumax
Ast
Nst_20mm ≔ ―――――― 2
= 5.666
((20 mm))
3.14 ⋅ ――――
4
Ast
Nst_25mm ≔ ―――――― 2
= 3.626
((25 mm))
3.14 ⋅ ――――
4
Let us provide 4- 25mm bars at the bottom section of the beam as tension reinforcement
2
((25 mm))
Ast_provided ≔ 4 ⋅ 3.14 ⋅ ―――― = ⎛⎝1.963 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
4
Ast_provided
pst_provided ≔ ―――― ⋅ 100 = 1.832
b⋅d
Spacing
((300 - 2 ⋅ ((25 + 8)) - 4 ⋅ 25))
s ≔ ―――――――― mm = 44.667 mm
4-1
Minimum Spacing (Cl.26.3.2)
Let us provide 2- 20mm bars at the top section of the beam as compression reinforcement
⎛ 2 ⎞
(
(20 mm )
)
Asc_provided ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎜3.14 ⋅ ―――― ⎟ = 628 mm 2
⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠
Asc_provided
psc_provide ≔ ―――― ⋅ 100 = 0.586
b⋅d
⎛⎝xumax - d'⎞⎠
εsc ≔ 0.0035 ⋅ ――――= 0.003
xumax
fsc ≔ 352 MPa
Alternate Method
T=C
xu
―= 0.517 Less than 0.48 so over reinforced
d
Redesign of the compression reinforcement
p'c = 0.68
⎛ p'c ⎞ 2
Asc ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 722.882 mm
⎝ 100 ⎠
Number of compression steel to be provided
Asc
Nsc_20mm ≔ ―――――― 2
= 2.302
((20 mm))
3.14 ⋅ ――――
4
Let us provide 3- 20mm bars at the top section of the beam as compression reinforcement
Shear Design
Design Shear Force Vu = 103.5 kN
τV < τcmax OK
⎛⎝τc2 - τc1⎞⎠
τc ≔ τc1 + ―――― ⋅ ⎛p - p1⎞⎠ = 0.793 MPa
⎛⎝p2 - p1⎞⎠ ⎝
τu ≔ τV - τc = 0.18 MPa
Vus ≔ τu ⋅ b ⋅ d = 19.145 kN
⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜ ((8 mm)) ⎟
Asv ≔ 2 ⋅ 3.14 ⋅ ―――― = 100.48 mm 2
⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠