Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
HyperWorks is a division of
Altair Engineering Contact Information
Web site www.altair.com
©2009 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted,
transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated to another language without the written permission of Altair
Engineering, Inc. To obtain this permission, write to the attention Altair Engineering legal department at: 1820 E.
Big Beaver, Troy, Michigan, USA, or call +1-248-614-2400.
Preface
These topics will be coverd in demonstrations, instructor led work-alongs and student
exercises. At the completion of this class the student should be familiar with the basic
usage of all of these new functions and will have the first hand experience with them to put
them to practical use in their applications.
Manual
This manual and the CD it came on are yours to keep and use as future reference. It can be
printed for your personal use but please note that Altair Engineering Inc, reserves all rights
to this publication and it may not be printed or duplicated for any other reason.
Model Files
The model files for this class will be included on the cd in the packet provided by the
instructor. The can be found in the directory Model Files
PowerPoint Presentations
Students will be given handouts of all of the power point slides presented and are free to
take notes on them. All of the slide information is included in this manual in a reference
form.
Captivate Videos
A selection of videos has also been included on the CD. These videos are a sampling of the
overview videos of the 10.0 release of the software. A full selection of videos representing
full product overviews and detailed, instructional, topic specific selections are available at
www.AltairHyperWorks.com
Chapter 1
as a sub-item of a specific Assembly. When appropriate, the color and display style of
entities also display in the Model Browser.
The Model Browser tools include toolbars, a context-sensitive menu, and controls built into
the display tree.
Toolbars provide the ability to change model views, show or hide entities within the
model, and add entities to a HyperMesh panel collector. These abilities are
• collectively referred to as display controls and browser modes.
The Context Sensitive Menu includes most of the same functions as the toolbars, as
• well as the ability to activate or deactivate search and sorting capability.
• You can find, sort, and filter entities in the Model Browser's tree list.
The tree list within the browser is configurable, so that you can determine which
• columns and entity types that display in the tree.
If an item is dragged out of the tree and dropped onto empty space, it is deleted in all its
parent assemblies and placed at the top level of the tree. A dragged item is added to the
Note: bottom of the list in an assembly.
Context-Sensitive Menu
Clicking the right mouse button on a folder or entity within the browser’s
tree structure allows you to change a variety of options. The options
available depend on the entity that you right-click on. Options selected in
an empty space apply to the entire model . Further information
pertaining to the context-sensitive menu can be found in the help
documentation.
Clicking the right mouse button on a
component color will open the color chart that
will allow the user to change the component
color options. This will work for Material and
Property colorings as well.
The Model Browser resides on a tab in a Tab Area sidebar and allows you to view the
HyperView model structure while providing find, display, and editing control of entities. The
model structure is viewed as a flat, listed tree structure within the browser. However, if the
model has an assembly hierarchy then the Model Browser accommodates this hierarchical
structure. The entities within the model include: assemblies, components (parts), systems,
entity sets (groups), and CFD components -- all of which are placed into a tree-like display.
To open the Model Browser, click the Browser item located within the View pull-down menu.
The browser displays in the Tab Area.
Multiple entities of the same type are collected into folders in the tree structure. Each folder
can be expanded or collapsed to display or hide its contents. Assemblies can also have sub-
folders within the main Assembly folder, so that the items related to each assembly appear
within that assembly’s folder in the Assembly Hierarchy.
Components and Systems may appear in multiple places in the tree; for example, a specific
component might appear under Components and again as a sub-item of a specific
Assembly or Entity Set. When appropriate, the color and display style of entities also
display in the Model Browser.
The Model Browser tools include toolbars, a context-sensitive menu, and controls built into
the display tree.
Toolbars provide the ability to change model views, show or hide entities within the
model, and add entities to a HyperView panel collector. These abilities are
• collectively referred to as display controls and Browser modes.
The Context Sensitive Menu includes most of the same functions as the toolbars, as
• well as the ability to activate or deactivate search and sorting capability.
• You can find, sort, and filter entities in the Model Browser 's tree list.
The tree list within the browser is configurable, so that you can determine which
• columns and entity types that display in the tree.
Chapter 2
Geometry Enhancements
Overview
There have been significant improvements to the geometry creation and editing capabilities
of HyperMesh. While geometric data will continue to primarily come from dedicated CAD
systems, HyperMesh continues improve the internal CAD capabilities. The improvements
that will be covered in this chapter are:
Line Offset
New ability to create lines/curves at an offset distance from
existing lines/curves
Surface Fillets
A new ability to create constant radius fillets on the edges of
geometry.
Midsurface
Exposure of the previously hard-coded R/T parameter allows
for an enhanced ability to create a midsurface on T and X
junctions.
• switch start point – This checkbox is used to reverse the start point of the line list.
The start is indicated by the end of the chain that has the arrow after selecting the
lines. This is most useful for variable offsets.
• link type – This switch defines how the offset is generated when there is a
discontinuity (other than 180 degrees) in the direction of the curvature of the input
line list. There are 3 modes:
o interpolate – the offset direction is interpolated on both sides of the
discontinuity to allow a smooth transition. In this case, along the interpolation
region, the offset direction is going to be different than the curvature direction.
Amplified fluctuations, which would occur in the offset because of little ripples
in the input curve, are smoothed out with this option.
o insert link – a straight line segment is inserted as a link between the offset of
input lines, if there is a jump in offset direction at points where the input lines
meet.
o no link – no link is inserted if there is a jump in offset direction at points
where input lines meet. In this case, the offset lines may become
disconnected.
A straight line connection is now created between the two line ends.
6. Click the switch start point option and note the start point arrow switches to the other
end of the line.
7. Click offset + and note that the variable offset now occurs in the opposite direction.
This function is used to create one or more solids by dragging a surface along a line.
• frame mode – This switch defines how the surfaces are translated and rotated
during the drag. There are 3 modes to choose from:
o fixed frame – The surfaces are only translated during the drag, not rotated.
o line tangent – In addition to the translation of the fixed frame option, the
surfaces are also rotated in the same way that the tangent of the line list
rotates.
o Frenet frame – In addition to the translation and rotation of the line tangent
option, the surface also rotates around the line list tangent axis in the same
way as the curvature vector rotates.
Create the Solid Drag Using a New Reference Node and Transformation Plane.
To best understand the reference node and transformation plane options, the following
definitions are required.
• S: start of drag line, which is the closest end of the line to the surface vertices. drag
+ follows this direction. drag – follows the opposite direction.
• T: tangent of drag line at S.
• R: reference node.
• B: base node of the transformation plane.
• N: normal vector of the transformation plane.
The reference node (R) is used to translate the drag line prior to the drag. By default,
the R=S (Start of line). If a different S is specified, the line list is translated by the vector
defined from S to R.
The transformation plane is used to translate and rotate the input surfaces prior to the
drag. By default, no transformation occurs (Base node B=Reference node R and
Normal vector N=drag line Tangent T). If specified, the surfaces are translated by the
vector defined from R to B, and are rotated from N to T.
Several examples illustrate these concepts:
To translate the drag line to point R prior to drag, choose reference node at R. Using
the default reference plane, B=R. In this example, R is chosen at node 15 (using the
line tangent frame mode). Thus we see an exact copy of the drag line as the trace
image of node 15 in the solid.
To translate the input surfaces, as well as translate the drag line, chose reference node
at R and chose the N1/N2/N3 transformation plane and specify B only. In this example,
R is chosen at node 7 (using the line tangent frame mode) and B at node 15. The start
of the drag line is translated to B and the surfaces are translated by the vector from R to
B. Note that since N is not defined here (only B is specified for the transformation
plane), it defaults to T.
8. To translate and rotate the input surfaces, as well as translate the drag line, chose
reference node at R and chose a reference plane N and base node B. In this example,
R is chosen at node 7 (using the line tangent frame mode), B is chosen at node 6 and
the normal of the reference plane is chosen as the vector shown at B.
HyperMesh creates a new solid to fill the enclosed space, using the selected surfaces as
solid faces.
12. Use the line list selector to specify the line that you wish the dragged surface to follow.
Note that this can also be a series of connected line entities.
If you choose to activate the merge solids at shared edges checkbox, any solids
created will merge with other solids that share the edges.
13. Choose where to create the new solid:
• Current component adds the new solids and the selected surfaces to the currently
active component (shown in the status bar).
• Surfs component adds the new solids to the same component that the selected
surfaces already belong to.
14. Pick a frame mode to define how the surfaces are translated and rotated during the
drag, then click drag +. There are 3 modes:
• fixed frame: the surfaces are only translated during the drag, not rotated.
• line tangent: in addition to the translation of the fixed frame option, the surfaces are
also rotated in the same way that the tangent of the line list rotates.
• Frenet frame: in addition to the translation and rotation of the line tangent option, the
surface also rotates around the line list tangent axis in the same way as the
curvature vector rotates. The Frenet frame option for frame mode currently does not
work well when the curvature of the line is not smooth and there are large jumps.
The surface fillets funtion can be found in the pull-down menu Geometry->Create-
>Surfaces and select the fillets subpanel.
This function creates constant radius fillets across surface edges.
Fillets with a 13 unit radius are created along all of the edges.
5. Right click on the Filleting chips component and select Isolate Only.
6. Right clicking on the comp1 component and selecting Isolate Only shows the filleted
model that matches the fillets created in the previous step.
Step 4: Change the Fillet Options to Create Fillets Detached from the
Geometry
1. Load the model again to clear the components created in the last step.
2. Go to the fillets subpanel in the Surfaces panel.
3. Click fillet options to open the panel to change the options.
4. Deselect the trim original surfaces option.
5. Return to the surfaces panel.
This component contains only the fillet surfaces while the original component contains the
unchanged original geometry. This feature allows you to preview the fillets before changing the
original geometry.
• If R/T is greater than the value specified in the panel, then this location will not be
recognized as a junction.
• If T is different on different sides on the junction (as in the above picture), then the
maximum T is used.
• Will work with fillets that have a variable radius across their length.
• Use of this parameter with a high value can result in situations where it is not valid to use a
midsurface representation. If these are not areas of high stress and results in the area are not
of interest, then it is acceptable. This option does not affect the core midsurface algorithm.
HyperMesh will create a new component called Middle Surface in which the newly
created surfaces will be placed in this collector.
Note the middle surfaces in the area of the large radius are not properly closed. The
parameter R/T is set to 2.0 by default and the ratio of the radius (6.5) to the thickness
(3.0) is greater than 2.
5. Rename the Middle Surface component to Middle Surface_rt2.0 and turn off the
geometry visualization for this component.
Step 3: Create the Midsurface with the Max R/T Ratio Set to 3.0.
1. From the auto midsurface panel select any of the surfaces on the solid.
4. Click return.
5. Click extract.
With the new max R/T value you will see that the gaps in the surfaces are now
closed properly.
Chapter 3
Meshing Enhancements
Overview
There have been significant improvements to the geometry creation and editing capabilities
of HyperMesh. While geometric data will continue to primarily come from dedicated CAD
systems, HyperMesh continues improve the internal CAD capabilities. The improvements
that will be covered in this chapter are:
Mesh Pattern
A new ability to create constant radius fillets on the edges of geometry.
1D Beam Visualization
A new ability to create constant radius fillets on the edges of geometry
2. On the toolbar, click Open .hm File ( ) and select the file tetmesh_pm.hm from
<installation_directory>/tutorials/hm/.
3. Click Import.
The model will import and a green check will appear next to Geometry Import in the
Process Manager indicating that step is now complete.
1. From the Geometry Color Mode selector pick By Topo and click
Shaded Geometry ( ).
2. In the panel area, select the Edge Tools tab.
3. Click Isolate.
This will isolate the surfaces with free edges on them.
9. Click ACCEPT.
The Organize & Cleanup Holes step is now complete should now have a green
checkmark next to it.
2. Click ACCEPT.
The checkmark in the Mesh Holes step will now turn green.
2. In the Define New window that opens, type Faces and click OK.
3. Select all five of the flat faces around the circumference of the part as shown in the
following image.
4. Click proceed.
Note: With this tool you need only select one of the two surfaces that make up a
cylinder; when you click proceed HyperMesh will automatically select the other
surfaces.
9. Click proceed.
10. In the Organize panel, click move, then return.
Your model should then look similar to the following image, with the faces in one
collector and the top hole in another. Your colors may vary slightly.
Note the distinctive Union Jack mesh pattern in the top hole area and the
connectivity of the mesh to the previously meshed holes.
6. Click ACCEPT.
This indicates that all failed elements have been fixed and there are no further errors in
the model.
4. (Optional) The Manual tab allows the user to manually check the model for free edges
and t-junctions and fix any that are found. There is also the option to display normals.
Use these options to find and fix any errors.
5. Click ACCEPT.
Note: The Tetramesh Process Manager will automatically place any elements that fail
this AutoCleanup procedure in the user mark. This will allow for easy retrieval of
problem elements and the user can employ the tools from the standard HyperMesh
panels to fix these remaining elements.
8. Click Mask ( ).
9. Hold the SHIFT key down and while holding the left mouse button down, drag a box to
include roughly half of the model.
10. Click mask.
Your tetra mesh should look similar to the following image.
The ability to control the mesh pattern of a solid mesh by placing a shell mesh on the
surface has been available. To achieve this, though, the user had to put the shell mesh on
the surface before the solid map function was performed and had to do it for each desired
face. Now, in version 10.0, the solid map panel automatically places a shell mesh on the
source faces and then enters into a mesh adjustment panel similar to the one in automesh:
This allows for control over the mesh density and style using tools that work the same as in
the automesh panel.
This will keep the solid elements generated more perpendicular to the surface faces in
the along direction.
8. Optional: activate the checkbox to stop meshing on bad jacobian.
This halts the meshing routines upon the creation of a bad jacobian solid element.
9. Optional: activate the previous settings checkbox
This will cause the mesh to honor any prior edge node density settings when creating
the temporary surface mesh.
10. Click mesh.
This will create the solid mesh if automatic mode had been selected. If the interactive
mode was selected, it will create any temporary 2D shell meshes required and assign
the node seeding density to all of the along edges. Then it will open the density sub-
panel.
11. Click reject.
To facilitate finer control over the appearance of the final solid mesh, any surface mesh
which will be required to generate the final solid mesh will be visible during this stage. Any
change to edge densities affecting the edges of one of these surface meshes will cause the
surface mesh to be immediately recalculated and displayed. However, this applies only to
meshes generated during the current meshing operation. Any 2D surface mesh which was
generated prior to entering the solid map panel will not be allowed to change the node
density along its edges; these "locked" density numbers have a parenthesis () around them.
If these surfaces require a change in edge density, it must occur prior to entering the solid
map panel. Any edge whose density was calculated using the element size will be indicated
by an asterisk * placed before the density number.
The controls for interactively adjusting the node densities along edges are identical to those
used within the density sub-panel of the 2D automesh panel. You can either choose to
toggle densities up and down, assign them based upon element size or assign a specific
density value to any selected edge. Unlike the 2D automesh panel, the 2D meshes within
the multiple solids panel will be instantly updated with any change in edge density.
This sub-panel allows you to adjust a number of graphic display options and mesh
parameter options. The graphic display options are useful for limiting the amount of
information displayed to the screen, since some of the information is not routinely required.
The mesh parameter options are the same options available on the multiple solids panel.
1. Activate the checkbox for show sequence ids.
This shows the sequence the meshing routine will take when solid-meshing the part.
Each solid will have a sequence number and a line indicating the direction of the
meshing. The meshing of the solids will proceed from 1 to the highest sequence
number.
This is a useful debugging tool to see how the meshing operation will take place; for
example, if the meshing operation fails the sequencing numbers can be displayed on the
screen, and looking at this series may highlight problems in the model. To resolve such
problems, further partitioning of the solids may be necessary.
2. Activate the checkbox for show nodal distribution.
This marks all of the edges affected by an operation which changes the edge’s density
with yellow temporary nodes. Otherwise, only the density number will show the change.
3. Activate the checkbox for show num on all edges.
This places the number representing the element density on all of the solid’s edges.
Otherwise only the density numbers of the current group of edges will be shown.
4. Activate the checkbox for show current solids only.
This masks all of the solids in the display except for the ones initially selected when
entering the multiple solids panel.
5. Activate the checkbox for Show solid id.
This shows each solid's id number in the graphics area--useful if you wish to edit or
delete a mesh associated with a specific solid.
6. Activate the checkbox for show master surf mesh type.
This places the mesh type icon on each of the surfaces with a 2D mesh.
7. Activate the checkbox for hide mapped type.
This hides all of the mesh type icons for mapped surfaces, making it easier to see which
surfaces are not mappable.
8. Click mesh
If you are unhappy with the mesh results, click reject and try changing your parameters, or
only mesh the solids that you are happy with and use the one volume panel (which includes
more options) to mesh the solids that did not mesh acceptably in this panel.
Shrink wraps can be generated using two algorithms: Loose or Tight. These determine how
closely the resulting mesh adheres to the details of the underlying model, and are best
suited to different use cases, which will vary for any given use.
• Loose Shrink Wrap - generate a loose-fitting shrink wrap mesh that generally
conforms to the model.
• Tight Shrink Wrap - generate a tight-fitting mesh that adheres closely to the
underlying model, capturing as many features as possible.
The panel options for both Loose and Tight are the same and are as follows:
• Comps – Selection of the comps, elems, surfs or solids used to create the shrink
wrap mesh.
• element size= - Sets the desired target element size for the shrink wrap mesh
• generate solid mesh - If selected HyperMesh creates a solid hexa mesh under the
2d shell mesh.
• mesh orientation= - Switch to choose elemt orientation with the global system or previously
created local system.
Step 2: Create a loose shell shrink wrap mesh in the loose_gap component.
1. Click Shaded Geometry and Surface Edges if the model is not shaded already.
2. Review the surface geometry on the screen. Notice the gap in the geometry.
Step 4: Create a loose shell shrink wrap mesh in the loose component.
1. Hide the loose_gap component in the Model browser.
2. Right-click the loose component and click Make Current.
3. From the Mesh menu, click Create, then Shrink Wrap Mesh.
Step 7 (Optional): Change the minimum jacobian to 0.3 for optimized mesh.
1. Delete the elements on the displayed in the graphics area.
2. Click comps and select the block component form the list.
The AutoMesh panel has been enhanced with the addition of the Flow:Align and Flow:Size
options. Creation of mesh is identical to that in 9.0 but these two options improve the mesh
in the following manner:
The visualization is changed through the use of an icon in the Visualization Toolbar
Simple Element View – The default state shows 1D Elements as simple lines as they
always have been viewed.
Detailed Element View – Displays 1D elements with their associated cross section.
The section must have been defined in HyperMesh previous to visualization.
Optional: Chapter 4
After the parameters are defined, you can save the automation script and run it from the Reports panel.
14. Click Color and select yellow for the note color.
15. Activate the Move to entity option.
16. Click Apply to create the note.
4. Right click on the parameter Hvnote Color and click Show in Tree.
Notice the parameter highlights in the tree.
5. Right click again on Hvnote Color and click Remove Parameter.
The parameter is now unchecked on the tree.
6. Click Color again in the tree.
7. Click in the Name field for Hvnote Color and enter Color.
8. Click in the Name field for Hvnote Locator and enter Component.
9. Click the Save icon in the Parameters browser.
10. Enter the name bumper_reportparams in the Save Report File dialog.
11. Click Save to save the parameters.
Notice a second page is added with results and new note for Component 5.
13. Right click on the second model in the list and click Hide.