3.

0 ROAD CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
ER. SABIN POKHREL
 3.6 Construction of Cement Concrete
Pavement
• Construction of pavement slab

• Design and placement of joints

 3.6 Construction of Cement Concrete
Pavement
• CEMENT GROUTED CONCRETE:
• Open graded aggregate mix of minimum size 18~25mm is laid on prepared
subgrade
• Dry rolled to provide 80% of rolled thickness.
• Grout: mix of cement, coarse sand and water
• Applied on the surface.s
 3.6 Construction of Cement Concrete
Pavement
• ROLLED CONCRETE LAYER:
• Lean mix of aggregate, sand, cement and water is laid on prepared subgrade
or sub base course.
• Rolling similar to WBM
• Tandem rollers are preffered and rolled before final setting time.
• Both cement grouted and rolled concrete are suitable for base course
only.
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• Basically 2 methods:

• ALTERNATE BAY METHOD

• CONTINUOUS BAY METHOD

 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• ALTERNATE BAY METHOD:
• Construction of one slab in alternate succession
• Next or intermediate bays are followed after a week or so
• Provides additional working convenience for laying slab
• Construction joints are easier to provide
• Numerous transverse joints are to be provided resulting in high cost for
construction and smoothness in riding is reduced.
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab

• Traffic has to be completely halted or diverted

 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• CONTINUOUS BAY METHOD:
• All slabs laid in sequence
• Construction joints provided at the end of day’s work
• Construction of half of the pavement width can be done at a time and
traffic can be diverted on the other half
• Generally in practice
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• MATERIALS:
• Cement: OPC in general but RHPC may also be used
• Coarse Aggregate: Max size < ¼ of slab thickness
• Gradation of coarse aggregate range from 50 to 4.75 or 40 to 4.75 mm
• Free from harmful materials
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• LIMITS:
• Crushing value< = 30%
• Impact Value <= 30%
• LAA <= 30%
• Soundness <= 12 % Na2SO4, <= 18% MgSO4
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab

• Fine Aggregates: Natural sand or crushed stone

 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE:
• Develop minimum compressive strength 280 kg/cm3 at 28 days or higher
values
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• PLANTS AND EQUIPMENTS:
• Concrete mixer, batching equipment, wheel barrows, internal vibrators, float,
straight edge, brush, and other small tools
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• CONSTRUCTION STEPS:
• Preparation of Subgrade and Sub base:
• Properly drained, plate bearing test result 5.54 kg/cm2 (Modulus of
subgrade reaction)
• Checked 2 days in advance and should be kept moist at the time of placing
concrete
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• PLACING OF FORMS:
• Steel or wooden forms
• Depth = thickness of pavement
• Maximum deviation during entire work < 3mm from straight edge 3m in
length
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• BATCHING OF MATERIAL AND MIXING:
• Proportion of coarse and fine aggregates are proportioned WRT no. of bags
of cement and put in the mixture
• Batch mixer mixes the materials in uniform manner with uniformity in color
and is homogeneous
• Water introduced within first 15 seconds of mixing
• Mixing completes approximately in 1 and half minutes
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• TRANSPORTING AND PLACING OF CONCRETE:
• Mixed concrete should be used immediately, within the prepared form to a
required thickness
• No segregation should take place
• Redistribution can be done by shovels
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• COMPACTING AND FINISHING:
• Compaction by power driven finishing machine or vibrating hand screed
• For smaller width of slab and corner of junction, hand consolidation is
considered
• Further compacted by longitudinal float
• Tested for grade and level
 3.6.1 Construction of Concrete Slab
• CURING:
• For initial curing Covered with jute mats and water is poured
• Final curing is done by saturating by water for 14 days
• OPENING TO TRAFFIC:
• After concrete acquires adequate strength or after 28 days of curing
 3.6.2 Construction of Joints
• Joints provided for expansion, contraction and warping of the slabs
• Expansion joints provided to allow for expansion
• Provided at interval of 50~60 m for smooth interface laid in winter and
90~120m for summer
• 140m spacing for rough interface
• Gap width of expansion joint: 20~25mm
 3.6.2 Construction of Joints
• Contraction joints provided to permit the contraction
• Spaced closer than expansion joints
• Maximum spacing in unreinforced cement concrete 4.5 m and for RCC of
thickness 20cm is 14m
 3.6.2 Construction of Joints
• LONGITUDINAL JOINTS:
• Provided for width more than 4.5 m
• Prevents longitudinal cracks
• Acts as hinge and helps maintaining the level of slabs
 3.6.2 Construction of Joints
• TRANSVERSE JOINTS:
• Staggered arrangement, uniform arrangement and skew arrangement
• Allows interaction of water and ingress of stone grits
• If subgrade is clayey soil, mud pumping occurs
• Joint spaces should be filled with compressible joint filler first and sealed
with sealer.
 3.6.2 Construction of Joints
• REINFORCEMENTS:
• In the form of welded wire fabric or bar mats
• Holds the cracked slab portions together
 3.6.2 Construction of Joints
• The prestressing technique is used in continuous lengths upto 120m without
joints
• Advantage is the elimination of the joints w/o inducing cracks
• Low maintainance cost