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BS Mathematics Semester 6
Dr. Raza Ahmad
Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
Lecture 1
1. Classical mechanics describes the motion of _______.
(a)Weight (b)Mass
4. The branch of physics which describes the conditions of rest or motion of material bodies around
us under action of force is _______.
(a)Mechanics (b)Mechatronics
5. The mass that determines the acceleration of a body under the action of a given force is called __.
(a)Mass (b)Size
(a)3 (b)4
(a)Inertial (b)Non-inertial
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
(c)Volume (d)None of these
(a)Maximum (b)Zero
(a)Wab=∆T (b)Wa=T
(c)Wab=T (d)Wt=∆T
15. The law of conservation of total energy states that
(a)Ta + Va = Tb + Vb (b)Ta + Vb = Ta + Vb
Lecture 2
1. The conditions which restrict the motion of the system are called _____.
(a)Constraints (b)Degree of freedom
2. The number of independent ways in which a mechanical system can move without
violating any constraint is called _____.
(a)Constraint (b)Number of freedoms
(a)1 (b)2
(c)3 (d)4
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
(a)Zero (b)Maximum
(c)Minimum (d)None
8. In Lagrange’s Equation if there are N number of particles and so the generalized coordinated are
(a)n=N-k (b)n=3N-k
(c)n=3N (d)n=3n-k
(a)Space (b)Time
𝑑 𝜕𝐿 𝑑 𝜕𝐿 𝜕𝐿
(c)𝑑𝑡 [𝜕𝑞𝑗] = 0 , 𝑗 = 1,2,3 …. (d)𝑑𝑡 [𝜕𝑞𝑗] − 𝜕𝑞𝑗
=0,
12. The special case of kinetic energy of particle_______ does not appears in transformation
equation
(a)Space (b)Time
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
(c)∑𝑘𝑖 yk = 𝑛𝑓𝑖 (d)∑𝑘 yk = 𝑛𝑓𝑖
𝜕yk 𝜕yk
(c)P=mx (d)None
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
15. The generalized momentum PI need not always______ of linear momentum.
(a)Speed (b)Velocity
(c)Dimension (d)None
Lecture 3
1. The Euler-Lagrange differential equation is written as
𝜕𝑓 𝑑 𝝏𝒇 𝒅 𝝏𝒇
(a)𝜕𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥 = 0 (b)𝝏𝒚 − 𝒅𝒙 (𝝏𝒚) = 𝟎
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝑑 𝜕𝑓
(c)𝜕𝑦 − (𝜕𝑦) = 0 (d)𝑑𝑥 (𝜕𝑦) = 0
2. If the forces of the system are not conservative then the Lagrange’s equation will be
𝒅 𝝏𝑻 𝝏𝑻 𝑑 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇
(a) − = 𝑸𝒊 , 𝒊 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑 … .. (b) − = 𝑄 , 𝑖 = 1,2,3 … ..
𝒅𝒕 𝝏𝒒𝒊 𝝏𝒒𝒊 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑞𝑖 𝜕𝑞𝑖
𝑑 𝜕𝑇 𝑑 𝜕𝑇
(c)𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑞𝑖 = 𝑄𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1,2,3 … .. (d)𝑑𝑡 − 𝜕𝑞𝑖 = 𝑄𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1,2,3 … ..
𝑑 𝜕𝐿 𝜕𝐿 𝑑 𝜕𝐿 𝜕𝐿
(c) [ ] − = ∑𝑚
𝑖=0 𝜆𝑖 𝑎𝑖𝑗 , 𝑗 = 1,2,3 … . 𝑛 (d) [ ] − = ∑𝑚
𝑖=1 𝜆𝑖 , 𝑗 = 1,2,3 … . 𝑛
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑞 𝑗 𝜕𝑞𝑗 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑞 𝑗 𝜕𝑞𝑗
(a)hyperbola (b)parabola
6. T=__________
7. V=________
(a)Real (b)Stationary
(c)Maximum (d)None
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
9. In configuration space by infinitesimal parameter path can be written as
(a)qi(t, a)= qi(t, 0)+ah(t), i =1, 2, … (b)qi(t, a)= qi(t, 0)+ahi(t), i =1, 2, …, n
(c)qi(t, a)= q(t, 0)+ahi(t), i =1, 2, …, n (d)qi(t, a)= qi(t, 0)+(t),i=1, 2, …, n
10. If y=y(x) then the equation becomes
𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝒙 𝒅𝒚
(a)I=∫𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑦, 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑦 = (b)I=∫𝒙 𝟐 𝒇(𝒚, 𝒚̇ , 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 𝒚̇ =
1 𝑑𝑥 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑥
(c)I=∫𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑦̇ , 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑦̇ = 𝑑𝑥 (d)I=∫𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑦, 𝑦̇ , 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 1
2 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑥
(a)𝐼 = ∫1 𝑑𝑠 = ∫𝑥 2 √1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) (b)𝐼 = ∫1 = ∫𝑥 2 √1 + (𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥)2
1 1
2 𝑥 𝟐 𝒙
(c)𝐼 = ∫1 𝑑𝑠 = ∫𝑥 2 √(𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥)2 (d)𝑰 = ∫𝟏 𝒅𝒔 = ∫𝒙 𝟐 √𝟏 + (𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒙)𝟐
1 𝟏
12. ℓ θ + g θ=_____
(a)0 (b)1
(c)2 (d)θ
(a)Quantity (b)Time
(a)0 (b)1
Lecture 4
Qno1: The simple mechanical system involving contriant is the atwoods mechine pully is
assumed.
a)Friction less
b) mass less
c)both a and b
d) all of above
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
a)One degree of freedom
d) all of above
a)1-q
b) q1
c) m1
d) all of above
Qno4: Two force are acting on each mass i.e weight acting
a)Upward
b) downward
c) vertically
d) all of above
a)1-q
b) q1
c) m1
d) all of above
Qno6: Two forces are acting on each mass i.e . tension acting
a)Upward
b) downward
c) vertically
d) all of above
a)Kinetic energy
b) potential energy
c)Both a and b
d) all of above
a) T=1/2mivi^2 b) T=1/2mivi^2
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
b) T=1/2m1v1^ +1/2m2v2^2
c) Both a and b
d) d) T=1/2m2v2^2 -1/2m2v2^2
a)v=m1gh1
b) v=m1gh1
c) v=m1gh1 + v=m2gh2
d) both a and b
C) r=sin(x)
d) all of above
a) -(l)sin0=1
b) –(L/I)sin 0=o
c) 0-(L/I)sin0 =o
d) (L/I)sin =o
a) T= ½ ml^20
b) b) T= ½ ml^2 0^2
c) c) T= ½ ml^2
d) d) all of above
a)T=1/2ml^ T= ½ ml^2
b) T=1/2ml^0^2
c) T=1/2ml^2
d) none of these
c) both a and b
d)All of above
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
a) 0=-g/l (cos0 )
b) 0 =-g/l (sin0)
c) 0=-g/l (cos 0)
d) 0=g/l (cos)
Lecture 5
Qno1: A force whose line of action always directed toward a fixed point is known as
a)mass
b)center
c) origin
d) all of above
a)Gravitational force
b)electrostatic force
d) all of above
a) R=r1-r2
b) R=m1r1+m2r2/m1+m2
c) Both a and b
d) All of above
Qno5: which one is the lagrangian equation of motion reduction one body problem .
a)L=1/2ur^2 -(r)
b) a)L=1/2ur^2
c) both a and b
d) R=r1-r2
a) L= 1/2ur^2
b) b)L=1/2u(r^2+r^20^2)
c) c) L=1/2u(r^2+r^2)
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
d) d) all of above
Qno7: If radical component if velocity and position vector are collinear then_____.
a)|L|= ur^2(r0)= l
b) ur^2(r0)= l
c) L= 1/2ur^2
d) all of above
a)A=1/2r^20
b) A=1/2r^30
c) A=1/2r^30
d) all of above
Qno9: How many way are used to find the motion of a particle in a central force field .
a)Two
b)Four
c)Three
a) d^2(u)/d =u -1/L^2.f(1/u)
b) d^2(u)/d =-u -1/L^2.f(1/u)
c) d^2(u)/d =u1-1/L^2.f(1/u)
d) d^2(u)/d =u3 -1/L^2.f(1/u)
Qno12:In laws of equal areas the effective potential is equivalent to the effective ___.
a)Force
b)motion
c) Both a and b
d) all of above
Qno13: Which are the ways to obtain the motion of a particle and a central force field .
a) Energy method
b) Lagrangian analysis
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
Qno14:The reduce mass is defined as
a) U=M1.M2/M1+M2
b) U=M1.M2/M1*M2
c) U=M1.M2/M1+M°
d) None of these
Qno15: In reduction to one body problem the kinetic energy of COM is defined on ___.
a)1/2Mr`R^2
b) 2Mr`r^2
C) both a and b
Lecture 6
1. For which force the inverse square law force has +ve value of k:
a) Repulsive force.
b) b) Attraction force.
c) c) Both.
d) d) Nothing
2. What is the general equation of the conic with one focus on the origin
a) 1/r= C[1+€cos(0 - 00)]
b) 1/r= C[1+€sin(0 - 00)]
c) 1/r= C[1-€cos(0 + 00)]
d) 1/r= C[1+€tan(0 - 00)]
3. The nature of the orbit is an ellipse when the eccentricity is:
a) €>1
b) €=1
c) 0<€>1
d) €=0
4. In Kepler's laws, planets move in elliptical orbit with the sun at one focus is called:
a) Law of area
b) Last of period
c) Law of orbit
d) none of these
5. The number of particles crossing a unit area placed normal to the beam in a unit time
called:
a) flux density
b) normal velocity
c) acceleration
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
d) none of them
a) Attracted
b) Repelled
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
12) The nature of orbit depends on :
a) Radius
b) Eccentricity
c) Origin
d) Angle
13) In the equation of the orbit, position corresponding to r=rmin is
a) Percenter
b) Apo centre
c) Perihelion
d) Aphelion
14) The orbital eccentricities of the planets vary from
a) 0.07 to 0.249
b) 0.007 to 0.0249
c) 0.007 to 0.249
d) 0.7 to 0.249
15) Halley's comet has a value of eccentricity :
a) 0.967
b) 0.0967
c) 0.9
d) 1.067
16) Angle between the incident and scattered direction is said to be
a) solid angle
b) scattering angle
c) origin angle
d) eccentricity
17) On approximate expression T2=4π2a3/Gm2 , the proportionality constant for all planet's is :
. a) zero
b) remain same
c) +ve
d) -ve
Lecture 7
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
Qno1: The laboratory coordinate system is in the one where scatterer is at rest and incident
parties _____.
a) Scatter
b) b)initial direction
c)finial direction
d) rest
a) Initiator
b) actual measurements
c)scattering angle
d)all of above
Qno3: The scattering angle measured in laboratory coordinates is angle between _____ of the
scattered particle .
b) opposition
c) rest
d) none of these
Qno4: The scattering angle calculated from _____ one body problem .
a) Center
b) equivalent
. c) unequal
. d) both a and c
Qno5: r1 and v1 is the position and velocity after scattering of the_____ in the laboratory system
.
a)initial particle
b) finial particle
c) incident particle
d) all of above
Qno6: R and V is the position and velocity of the _____ in the laboratory system .
a) Ceter of mass
b) b) center of gravity
c) c) incident particle
d) d) all of above
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
a) V=Vo
b) b)V not equal to Vo
c) V>V1
d) d) all of these
a) Linear momentum
b) angular momentum
C) both a and b
d) none of these
a) (m1+m2)=m1vo
b) b) (m1+ m)>vo
c) c) (m1+m2)v=m1vo
d) d) mi>mv
a)Tan(x)= AB/BA
b)Tan(y)=BA/AB
C)both a and b
d) Tan(x) =AB/OB
a) V= Vo
b) b) p=m1/m2
c) c) both a and b
d) d) all of above
c) both a and b
d) all of above
a) m2>m2
b) b) m1<m2
c) c) m1=m°
d) d) all of above
Qno14:Equal masses and scattering angles greater than 90° is not possible in the ___.
a)frame of reference
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
c) laboratory system
d) none of these
a) P=m1/m2 is large
b) b) p=m1/m2 is very small
c) c) both a and b
d) d) p=m2/m2
Lecture 8
(a) 0
(b) r
(c) L
(d) µ
(a) One
(b) Zero
(c) Two
(d) Three
𝐺𝑚1𝑚2
(b) F(r) - 𝑟
ȓ
𝐺𝑚1𝑚2
(c) F(r) 𝑟2
ȓ
𝑚1𝑚2
(d) F(r) − 𝑟2
ȓ
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
𝑳𝟐
(a) a = µ𝒌(𝟏−𝛆𝟐)
𝐿
(b) a =
µ𝑘(1−ε2 )
𝐿2
(c) a = µ(1−ε2 )
𝐿2
(d) a = 𝑘(1−ε2 )
(a) b = a√(𝟏−𝛆𝟐
(b) b = √(1−ε2
(c) b = 𝑎√(1 − ε
(d) b = a√(1+ε2
6) Energy in an orbit is
𝑘
(a)
2𝑎
𝒌
(b) -
𝟐𝒂
𝑘
(c) 𝑎
𝑘
(d) - 𝑎
7) Eccentricity is denoted by
(a) E
(b) e
(c) 𝛆
(d) ê
8) Eccentricity of circle is
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 0
𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
(a) 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
(c)
𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
(d)
𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
(a) -1
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) 2
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
(b) Less than 1
(c) 0
(d) 1
𝟏 𝟏
(a) √𝟐𝒈𝑹𝟐 (𝒓 + 𝟐𝒂)
1 1
(b) √2𝑔𝑅 2 (𝑟 − 2𝑎)
1 1
(c) √2𝑅 2 ( − )
𝑟 2𝑎
1 1
(d) √2𝑔( − )
𝑟 2𝑎
1
(b) 2r𝛉
(c) 𝑟 2𝛉
𝟏
(d) 𝒓𝟐 𝛉
𝟐
(a) Constant
(b) 0
(c) 1
Lecture 9
8200𝑘𝑚
1) A satellite in an elliptical orbit around the earth has the equation is =
𝑟
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
(a) 1+0.2 sin 𝜃
(b) 1+0.2𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
(c) 1-0.2 sin 𝜃
(d) 1-0.2cos 𝜃
1
5) 𝑟
=
(a) 1+ ε cos 𝜃
(b) 1+ ε sin 𝜃
(c) C (1+ ε 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽)
(d) C (1+ ε sin 𝜃)
1
6) 𝐶
=
(a) a(1−𝛆𝟐 )
(b) a(1+ε2 )
(c) a(1-ε)
(d) a(1+ε)
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥
(c) 𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥+ 𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛
(d) 𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥− 𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛
12) The linear momentum is conserved if net external force acting on a system is
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Zero
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
Lecture 10
1) The product of movement of inertia and angular momentum is called
(a) Momentum
(b) Work done
(c) Torque
(d) Force
4) A point from which the weight of a body or system may be considered to act
(a) Center of mass
(b) Center of gravity
(c) Center of force
(d) Center of body
5) The quantity of rotation of a body which is the product of its moment of inertia and its
angular velocity
(a) Angular momentum
(b) Angular acceleration
(c) Angular force
(d) Angular velocity
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
(b) Momentum
(c) Angular momentum
(d) Angular torque
7) Sum of products of the mass of each particle in the body with the square of its distance
from axis of rotation
(a) Momentum
(b) Momentum of inertia
(c) Angular motion
(d) Torque
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
∑𝒊 𝒎𝒊𝒗𝒊
(a) V = 𝑴
∑𝑖 𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑖
(b) V =
𝑀
𝑀
(c) V = ∑𝑖 𝑚𝑖𝑣𝑖
∑𝑖 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑖
(d) V = 𝑀
14) The straight line through all fixed points of rotating rigid body around which all other
points of a body move in circles
(a) Axis of rotation
(b) Axis of mass
(c) Center of rotation
(d) Axis of weight
Lecture 11
1) The partial derivative of x = ρcos 𝜃 with respect to 𝜃 is equal to
(a) cos 𝜃
(b) -ρ𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
(c) 0
(d) sin 𝜃
2) A rigid body capable of oscillating a vertical plane about a fixed horizontal axis is
called
(a) Compound pendulum
(b) Simple pendulum
(c) Oscillating pendulum
(d) None of these
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
(c) ρcos 𝜃
(d) zero
6) If the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to its distance from a fixed point
and always directed towards the point then
(a) a = −𝒘𝟐x
(b) a = −𝑤x
(c) a = 𝑤 2 x
(d) a = wx
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
𝑘+𝑙
(b) 2𝜋√ 𝑔2
𝑘 2+ 𝑙 2
(c) 2𝜋√ 𝑔
(d) 2𝜋√𝑘 + 𝑙
(a) 𝛉
(b) ɸ
(c) 0
𝟏
(a) T = I 𝜽𝟐
𝟐
(b) T = I 𝜃 2
(e) T = I 𝛉
1
(f) T =2 𝐼 2 𝛉
14) If T is the kinetic energy and v is the potential energy of compound pendulum then
(a) L = T+V
(b) L = T-V
T+V
(c) L = 2
T−V
(d) L = 2
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
15) If I is the moment of inertia lagrange’s equation for compound pendulum will be
−𝒎𝒈𝒍
(a) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝑰
𝑚𝑔
(d) 𝐼
cos 𝜃
Lecture 12
Consider a rocket propelled in the forward direction by the ejection of mass exhaust in backward
direction in form of gases resulting from the combustion of fuel as shown
(a)P(t) = mv (b)P(t) = mu
4. For total momentum 𝑷(𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡) = 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒕 (𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡) + 𝑷𝒇𝒖𝒆𝒍 (𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡); change of momentum 𝑑𝑷 is
5. Considering rate of change of momentum to be the external force F applied on the system; we’ve
𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒎 𝑑𝒗 𝑑𝑚
(a)𝑭 = 𝒎 − 𝒖 (b)𝑭 = 𝑚 − 𝒗
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
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𝑑𝒗 𝑑𝑚
(c)𝑭 = 𝒗 𝑑𝑡 − 𝒖 𝑑𝑡
(d)None of these
6. When a rocket is in deep space, then the external force F applied on rocket is _____.
(a)Maximum (b)Zero
(c)Minimum (d)𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒕
𝑑𝒗 𝑑𝑚
(c)𝑚 𝑑𝑡 + 𝒖 𝑑𝑡
(d)Both a and b
9. If v0= initial rocket velocity and m0= original rocket mass, the velocity of rocket in deep space is
𝒎𝟎 𝑚0
(a)𝒗 = 𝒗𝟎 − 𝒖 𝐥𝐧 𝒎
(b)𝒗 = 𝒗𝟎 + 𝒖 ln 𝑚
− 𝑔𝑡
𝑚0
(c)𝒗 = 𝒖 ln 𝑚
− 𝑔𝑡 (d)None of these
12. If m0= original rocket mass, m= final mass and α= rate of decrease in mass of rocket; then
𝑑𝑚
(a) 𝑑𝑡 = −𝛼 (b)𝑚 = 𝑚0 − 𝛼𝑡
13. The initial velocity of the rocket at the earth’s surface is ____.
(a)Zero (b)Maximum
(a)Constant (b)Time-varying
15. The final velocity of the rocket v can be significantly increased by ________.
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(a)Increasing the final mass (b)Increasing the exhaust velocity
Lecture 13
1. The conditions which restrict the motion of the system are called _____.
(a)Resistances (b)Exceptions
(c)Restricts (d)Constraints
(a)z = 0 (b)𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑙 2
(a)1 (b)2
(c)3 (d)0
(a)Particles (b)Constraints
6. A system with N particles and m holonomic equations of constraints needs at least ______
generalized coordinates.
(a)3N – m (b)3N + m
(c)N – m (d)3N m
(a)5 (b)4
(c)3 (d)2
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10. Identify the generalized coordinates for a dumbbell of length 𝑙.
(a)Holonomic (b)Non-Holonomic
14. A constraint equation unable to be written in the holonomic form is called _____.
(a)Non-holonomic (b)Scleronomic
15. The K.E. of a simple pendulum of length 𝑙 in terms of generalized coordinate θ is given by
𝟏 1
(a)𝑻 = 𝟐 𝒎𝒍𝟐 𝜽𝟐̇ (b)𝑇 = 2 𝑚𝑣 2
1
(c)𝑇 = 𝑚𝑙 2 𝜃 2̇ (d)𝑇 = 2 𝑚𝑙 2 𝜃 2
Lecture 14
1. Which statement is correct for a system of N particles in equilibrium?
(a) ∑𝑵 ⃗⃗⃗
𝒊=𝟏 𝑭𝒊 = 𝟎 (b)∑𝑁 ⃗⃗
𝑖=1 𝐹𝑖 = 𝑃
(c) ∑𝑁 ⃗⃗
𝑖=1 𝐹𝑖 = 𝐹 − 𝑁 (d)None of these
2. We may assume a virtual displacement 𝛿𝑟⃗𝑖 to calculate virtual work given by ______.
(a)𝛿𝑊 = ∑𝑁 ⃗⃗ ⃗𝑖
𝑖=1 𝐹𝑖 . 𝛿𝑟 (b)𝛿𝑊 = 0
4. Who gave the concept of virtual work and infinitesimal displacement to find equilibrium?
(a)Bernoulli (b)Lagrange
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(c)Hamilton (d)None of these
(a)𝑭 𝒑̇𝒊 = 𝟎
⃗⃗⃗𝒊 − ⃗⃗⃗ 𝑝𝑖̇
⃗⃗𝑖 = ⃗⃗⃗
(b)𝐹
(c)𝐹 𝑝𝑖̇ = 𝑚𝑎
⃗⃗𝑖 − ⃗⃗⃗ (d)Both a and b
𝜕𝑥𝑖
(c)𝑄𝑗 ≡ ∑𝑖 𝐹𝑖 (d)None of these
𝜕𝑞𝑖
𝑝𝑖̇ ). 𝛿𝑟 = 0
⃗⃗𝑖 − ⃗⃗⃗
(a)𝛿𝑊 = (𝐹 (b)𝛿𝑊 = ∑3𝑖=1(𝐹 𝑝𝑖̇ )𝛿𝑥𝑖 = 0
⃗⃗𝑖 − ⃗⃗⃗
8. For a particle in 3D s.t. 𝛿𝑟 = ∑3𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 𝑒̂𝑖 ; if q is a generalized coordinate of system then we’ve
𝝏𝒙 𝜕𝑥
(a)𝒙𝒊 = ∑𝒋 𝝏𝒒𝒊 𝒒𝒋 (b)𝑥𝑖 = ∑𝑗 𝜕𝑥 𝑖 𝑞𝑗
𝒊 𝑗
𝜕𝑥𝑗
(c)𝑥𝑖 = ∑𝑗 𝜕𝑞 𝑞𝑗 (d)None of these
𝑖
𝜕𝑥𝑖
9. If 𝑥𝑖 = ∑𝑗 𝑞 is the coordinate transformation for a particle in 3D, then
𝜕𝑞𝑖 𝑗
𝝏𝒙̇ 𝝏𝒙 𝜕𝑥̇ 𝑑 𝜕𝑥
(a)𝝏𝒒𝒊̇ = 𝝏𝒒𝒊 (b)𝜕𝑞 𝑖̇ = 𝑑𝑡 (𝜕𝑞 𝑖 )
𝒋 𝒋 𝑗 𝑗
𝜕𝑥̇ 𝜕𝑥̇
(c) 𝜕𝑞 𝑖̇ = 𝜕𝑞 𝑖 (d)None of these
𝑗 𝑗
10. For 𝑝𝑖̇ =inertial force, T= K.E., 𝑥𝑖 and 𝑞𝑖 being natural and generalized coordinates of a 1 particle
system, we’ve ∑𝑖 𝑝𝑖̇ 𝛿𝑥𝑖 = _______.
𝒅 𝝏𝑻 𝝏𝑻 𝑑 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇
(a)∑𝒋 (𝒅𝒕 (𝝏𝒒̇ ) − 𝝏𝒒 ) 𝜹𝒒𝒋 (b)∑𝑗 (𝑑𝑡 (𝜕𝑞 ̇ ) + 𝜕𝑞 ) 𝛿𝑞𝑗
𝒋 𝒋 𝑗 𝑗
𝑑 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇
(c)∑𝑗 (𝑑𝑡 (𝜕𝑞 ̇ ) . 𝜕𝑞 ) 𝛿𝑞𝑗 (d)None of these
𝑗 𝑗
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𝜕𝐿 𝑑 𝜕𝐿
13. 𝜕𝑞 − 𝑑𝑡 (𝜕𝑞̇ ) = 0 represents which one of the following?
𝑖 𝑖
(a)T – V (b)TV
(c)T + V (d)V – T
(a)Static (b)Dynamic
Lecture 15
1. The generalized coordinates are ______ each other.
(a)independent to (b)dependent to
(c)analogous to (d)functions of
⃗⃗⃗𝑎 = applied force and ⃗𝑓𝑖 =force of constraints, then the force 𝐹
2. If 𝐹 ⃗⃗𝑖 acting on the body is 𝐹
⃗⃗𝑖 = ____.
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝒂 + ⃗⃗⃗
(a)𝑭 𝒇𝒊 ⃗⃗⃗𝑎 − ⃗𝑓𝑖
(b)𝐹
(c)𝐹 ⃗𝑖
⃗⃗⃗𝑎 /𝑓 (d)None of these
6. The number of generalized coordinates should be ____ than the number of natural coordinates.
(a)Fewer (b)Greater
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⃗⃗⃗𝒊
𝝏𝒓 ⃗⃗⃗𝒊
𝝏𝒓 ⃗⃗⃗𝑖
𝜕𝑟 ⃗⃗⃗𝑖
𝜕𝑟
⃗⃗⃗𝒊 = ∑𝒋
(a)𝒗 𝝏𝒒̇𝒋 + ⃗⃗⃗𝑖 = ∑𝑗
(b)𝑣 𝜕𝑞𝑗̇ −
𝝏𝒒𝒊 𝝏𝒕 𝜕𝑞𝑖 𝜕𝑡
⃗⃗⃗
𝜕𝑟 ⃗⃗⃗𝑖
𝜕𝑟
⃗⃗⃗𝑖 = ∑𝑗 𝜕𝑞𝑖 𝜕𝑞𝑗̇
(c)𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗𝑖 =
(d)𝑣 𝜕𝑡
𝑖
⃗⃗⃗𝒊 = ⃗⃗⃗
(a)𝒗 𝒗𝒊 (𝒒𝒊 , 𝒒̇𝒊 , 𝒕) ⃗⃗⃗𝑖 = ⃗⃗⃗
(b)𝑣 𝑣𝑖 (𝑞𝑖 , 𝑞𝑖̇ )
⃗⃗⃗𝑖 = ⃗⃗⃗
(c)𝑣 𝑣𝑖 (𝑞𝑖̇ , 𝑡) (d)None of these
⃗⃗⃗
𝜕𝑟
(c)∑𝑗 𝜕𝑞𝑖 𝜕𝑞𝑖 (d)None of these
𝑖
𝜕𝑟𝑖
(c)𝑄𝑗 ≡ ∑𝑖 𝐹𝑖 (d)None of these
𝜕𝑞𝑖
⃗⃗⃗
𝑑 𝜕𝑟 𝑑 𝑑𝑟⃗⃗⃗𝑖
(c)𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑞𝑖 = 𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑡
(d)None of these
𝑗 𝑗
⃗⃗⃗
𝜕𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗
𝑑𝑟 ⃗⃗⃗
𝜕𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗
𝜕𝑟
(c)𝜕𝑞𝑖̇ = 𝑑𝑞𝑖 (d)𝜕𝑞𝑖 = 𝜕𝑞𝑖
𝑗 𝑗 𝑗 𝑗
(a)Zero (b)Dependent
14. If we’re dealing with a conservative system having potential energy V, then
𝜕𝑉
⃗⃗𝑖 = −i 𝑉
(a)𝐹 (b)𝑄𝑗 = −
𝜕𝑞𝑗
⃗⃗𝑖 = i 𝑉
(c)𝐹 (d)Both a and b
(a)L = T – V (b)E = T – V
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Lecture 16
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Lecture 17
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Continued…
Q No.1
Oscillation is the ______vibration.
(a) repetitive (b) one time
(c) two time (d) both b & c
Q No.2
The term vibration is used to describe;
(a) mechanical (b) repetive
(c) simple (d) none of these
Q No.3
Dynamic oscillations are described by;
(a)constant (b) variable
(c)both a & b (d) none of these
Q No.4
The number of variables in dynamic oscillating system depends on its;
(a) simplicity (b) none of these
(c)complexity (d) both a & c
Q No.5
N_dimention space is called;
(a) configuration space (b) phase space
(c)both a & b (d) none of these
Q No.6
Hamilton`s Principle is also called;
(a) principle of least action (b) generalized momentum
(c)none of these (d) both a &
Q No.7
Hamilton`s equation of motion can be derived from;
(a) Hamilton`s system (b) variation principle
(c)None of these (d) both a & b
Q No.8
The Hamilton`s method is connected with;
(a) Summetry (b) conservation
(c)Both a & b (d) none of these
Q No.9
Hamilton`s equation contains _____ order derivative w.r.t time;
(a) First order (b) second order
(c)Third order (d) all
Q No.10
The dimention of scattering cross section are that of;
(a) Length (b) area
(c)Volume (d) velocity
Q No.11
The path of scattered particles is;
(a)Parabola (b) hyperbola
(c)Ellipse (d) circle
Q No.12
Eccentricity of circle is;
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(a) Zero (b) one
(c)Two (d) three
Q No.13
The sphere is regid and the potential outside the sphere is;
(a) Zero (b) two
(c)Four (d) six
Q No.14
The conserved quantity in the system that has transactional symmetry is;
(a) Momentum (b) area
(c)Velocity (d) none of these
Q No.15
Hamilton`s formulation is more convenient for;
(a) Quantum mechanics (b) stat physics
(c)Both a & b (d) none of these
Lecture 18
Missing
Lecture 19
Missing
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Lecture 24
1.In the Rutherford scattering, which one of the following is correct?
a)θ=π-ψ b) θ=π+ψ
c) θ=π-2ψ d) θ=π-3ψ
a)sin θ b)cos θ
θ θ
c)𝑠𝑖𝑛4 (2) d) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4(2)
a)Parabola b)Circular
c)Ellipse d)Hyperbolic
a) ℯ 2 b) ℯ 3
c) ℯ 4 d) ℯ 6
a)Length b)Area
c)Volume d)Velocity
a)Nucleus b)Atom
c)Electron d)Neutron
a)Goldstein b)Rutherford
c)J.Chadwick d)J.J.Thomsan
a)b=rsin𝜃 b)b=rsin𝜓
a)ZZ’ℯ 2 b)-ZZ’ℯ 2
c)Zℯ 2 d)Z’ℯ 2
a)𝜎(𝜃) b) 𝜎(𝜓)
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c) 𝜎(𝜙) d)none of these
11. In the Rutherford scattering the perpendicular distance between the center of force and the
incident velocity
a)a b)b
1 ZZ’ℯ 2 2 θ 1 ZZ’ θ
c) 4 (
𝐸
) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4(2) d) 4 ( 2𝐸 )2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 (2)
13. In the Rutherford scattering, the angle between the direction of the incoming particle and the
outgoing particle is
a) 𝜃 b) 𝜓
a)Integrate b)Differentiate
15.The process in which the initial and final directions of particle is not same is called:
a)diffraction b)refraction
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Lecture 25
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6) The Hamiltonian of a system is denoted by
a) H
b) G
c) L
d) None of these
7) ………. Is expressed as a function of the generalized coordinates, generalized momenta and
time
a) p
b) H
c) q
d) None of these
8) H=H(…..)
a) (p,q,r)
b) (q,p,r)
c) (p,q,t)
d) (q,p,t)
9) ….=∂L/∂q’
a) g
b) H
c) q
d) p
10) If force is not conservative then Langrange’s equation can be written as
a) p.i=∂L/∂qi + Qi
b) q.i=∂L/∂pi + Qi
c) Qi =∂L/∂qi + p.i
d) Qi =∂L/∂pi + q.i
11) Hamiltonian equation is:
a) p.i = ∂H/∂qi
b) q.i = ∂H/∂pi
c) Qi = ∂H/∂pi
d) None of these
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Lecture 26
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Lecture 27
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𝟏 ̇
𝒍 = 𝒆𝒓𝒕 [ 𝒎𝒙𝟐 − 𝒗(𝒙̇ )] 𝒊𝒔
𝟐
𝜕𝑣
a) 𝑚𝑥̈ + 𝜕𝑚𝑥̇ + 𝜕𝑥 = 0
𝜕𝑣
b) 𝑚𝑥̈ + 𝜕𝑚𝑥̇ − =0
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑣
c) 𝑚𝑥̈ − 𝜕𝑚𝑥̇ + 𝜕𝑥 =0
𝜕𝑣
d) 𝑚𝑥̈ + =0
𝜕𝑥
9) A thoughtful proof is presented by Landou are
a) Time independent function
b) Time dependent function
c) Angular momentum
d) Both a & b
10) In mathematics the Jacobic identity is a property of------------- describe how the order of
evaluation effect the result of operation
a) Unary operation
b) Arithmatic operation
c) Binary operation
d) Dicimal operation
11)If integral of motion F does not contain explicity then equation reduce to………
𝑑𝑓
a) [F,H]+ 𝑑𝑡 =0
𝑑𝑓
b) 𝑑𝑡
=0
c) [F,H]=0
𝑑𝑓
d) [F,H]- 𝑑𝑡 =0
12)Which is the property of poisson brackets.
13)Hamilton’s equation of motion give the time evolution of coordinates and moment of system in
……………. a)Phase space b) vertical space c) both d) none
16) A mass is suspended by a massless spring let be the vertical z-axis the net acceleration is
17) If integral of the motion F does not contain t explicity then equation reduce to
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∂F
a) [F, H]+ ∂t b) [H ,F] = 0 c) [F, H]+dt=0 d) [F,H]=0
21) If F(q ,p ,t) and G( q, p, t) are two integral of motion then [F,G] is
l g l
a) T= 2∏√ b) T= 2∏√ c) T= 2∏²√ d) none
g l g
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a)p-q b) 0 c) p² d) q²
32)Let F,G and H be functions of canonical variables (q,p) and time then:
33)Let F,G and H be functions of canonical variables (q,p) and time then:
a)[F,C]=0 for C is Constant b) [F,C]=0 for C is Variable c) [F,C]=-1 for C is Constant d) both a and
c
34)Let F,G and H be functions of canonical variables (q,p) and time then:
35)Let F,G and H be functions of canonical variables (q,p) and time then which is true property?
Lecture 32
1. From the given transformation q = √2𝑃 sin𝜃 and
a) 0 b) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 c) 1 d) cos 𝜃
𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑃
a) 𝜕𝑃 = P, 𝜕𝑞 = q b) 𝜕𝑞 = P, 𝜕𝑃 = P
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𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑃
c) 𝜕𝑃 = q, 𝜕𝑞 = P d) none of these
6. By the given Poisson bracket the given transformation q = √2𝑃 sin𝜃 and P =
√2𝑃 cos𝜃 is:
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17. In the Poisson bracket of [𝐿𝑥 , 𝐿𝑦 ], 𝐿𝑥 = 𝑌𝑃𝑧 − 𝑍𝑃𝑦 and 𝐿𝑦 = _______.
a) 𝑌𝑃𝑦 − 𝑍𝑃𝑥 b) 𝑋𝑃𝑧 − 𝑍𝑃𝑦
c) 𝑋𝑃𝑦 − 𝑌𝑃𝑥 d) None of these
Lecture 33
18. The Lagrange bracket of any two functions F[q, P] and G[q, P] w.r.t [q, P]
variables, written as {𝐹, 𝐺}𝑞,𝑃 is defined as:
𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑞𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑞𝑖
a) [𝐹, 𝐺]𝑞,𝑃 = ∑𝑖 ( − )
𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐺 𝜕𝐺 𝜕𝐺
𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑞 𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑞𝑖
b) [𝐹, 𝐺]𝑞,𝑃 = ∑𝑖 ( 𝑖 𝑖 − )
𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐺 𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐺
𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑞
c) [𝐹, 𝐺]𝑞,𝑃 = ∑𝑖 ( 𝜕𝐹𝑖 𝜕𝐺𝑖)
d) None of these
19. Under conical transformations Lagrange brackets are ________.
a) Variant b) Invariant c) Angular d) None of these
20. Lagrange brackets are invariant under conical transformation such as:
a) [𝐹, 𝐺]𝑞,𝑃 = [𝐹, 𝐺]𝑄,𝑃 b) [𝐹, 𝐺]𝑞,𝑃 = −[𝐹, 𝐺]𝑄,𝑃
c) [𝐹, 𝐺]𝑞,𝑃 −[𝐹, 𝐺]𝑄,𝑃 = 0 d) both (a) and (c)
21. Lagrange brackets _______ Jacobi’s identity.
a) Violate b) Obey c) Commute d) None of these
22. In conical physics, the state of a system at a given time t is satisfied by:
a) Poisson bracket b) Lagrange bracket
c) Jacobi’s identity d) Equations of motion
23. The dynamical variables occurring in these equations is:
a) Position coordinates r b) Linear momentum P
c) Angular momentum L d) All of these
24. In quantum mechanics, communtators replace __________.
a) Lagrange bracket b) Poisson bracket
c) Jacobi’s identity d) None of these
25. The properties of commutators are ________ to those of Poisson brackets.
a) Dissimilar b) Similar c) Equivalent d) None of these
26. In quantum mechanics, dynamical variables are replaced by _______.
a) Lagrange brackets b) logics c) Operators d) commutators
27. The operators in quantum mechanics are derived from ________.
̂ 𝑟̂ ] = i {q, q}
c) [𝑞, ̂ 𝑟̂ ] = iђ {r, r}
d) [𝑞,
29. The commutators for x with 𝑃𝑥 are 𝑥̂ and 𝑃̂𝑥 respectively is given by:
a) [𝑥̂, 𝑃̂𝑥 ] = iђ {x,𝑃𝑥 } b) [𝑥̂, 𝑃̂𝑥 ] = iђ
c) [𝑥̂, 𝑃̂𝑥 ] = iђ {x, y} d) both (a) and (c)
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Multiple Choice Questions
Classical Mechanics BS Mathematics(2017-2021)
30. There is inverse relation between Poisson brackets and _______.
a) Lagrange brackets b) Jacobi’s identity
c) Commutators d) Operators
31. The inverse relation between Poisson bracket and Lagrange bracket is:
a) ∑2𝑛
𝑙=1 {𝐹𝑙 , 𝐹𝑖 }{𝐹𝑙 , 𝐹𝑗 } = 𝛿𝑙𝑙 b) ∑𝑛𝑙=1 {𝐹𝑙 , 𝐹𝑖 }{𝐹𝑙 , 𝐹𝑗 } = 𝛿𝑖𝑗
c) ∑2𝑛
𝑙=1 {𝐹𝑙 , 𝐹𝑖 }{𝐹𝑙 , 𝐹𝑗 } = 𝛿𝑖𝑗 d) ∑2𝑛
𝑙=1 {𝐹𝑙 , 𝐹𝑖 }{𝐹𝑙 , 𝐹𝑗 } = 𝛿𝑙𝑗
32. The commutator of dynamic variables A and B is written as:
a) {A, B} b) (A, B) c) [A, B] d) None of these
33. The commutators of dynamic variables A and B is written as:
𝐴
a) AB – BA b) AB + BA c) 2AB d) 𝐵
34. The Poisson bracket of [𝐿𝑦 , 𝐿𝑍 ] = ______.
a) 𝐿𝑥 b) 𝐿𝑦 c) 𝐿𝑧 d) both (b) and (c)
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