APPLICATION NOTE

iNAND® 7250 Advanced Health Status Report

(iNAND® 7250 has been re-branded as iNAND® CL EM122 EFD)

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

Revision History
Revision Date Description Reference

1.0 October 2016 First Release

2.0 March 2017 CMD62 Implementation details

3.0 April 2017 Health Device Level MLC description update

4.0 July 2017 Add applicable part numbers

5.0 March 2018 Fix byte ordering typo, make title version match rev

6.0 July 11, 2018 Updated document template and added new Prod-
uct Name Change section

6.1 August 10, 2018 Updated cover page, revision history and Product
Name Change section to reflect revised product
name taxonomy.

6.2 September 28, 2018 Updated Table 2-3

Reference Documents
Revision Title

JESD84-B50-1 JEDEC Standard Embedded Multi-Media Card (e.MMC) Electrical Standard (5.0)

JESD84-B51 JEDEC Standard Embedded Multi-Media Card (e.MMC) Electrical Standard (5.1)

Western Digital Technologies, Inc. or its affiliates' (collectively “Western Digital”) general policy does
not recommend the use of its products in life support applications where in a failure or malfunction of
the product may directly threaten life or injury. Per Western Digital Terms and Conditions of Sale, the
user of Western Digital products in life support applications assumes all risk of such use and indemni-
fies Western Digital against all damages.
This document is for information use only and is subject to change without prior notice. Western Dig-
ital assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document, nor for incidental or
consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance or use of this material.
Absent a written agreement signed by Western Digital or its authorized representative to the con-
trary, Western Digital explicitly disclaims any express and implied warranties and indemnities of any
kind that may, or could, be associated with this document and related material, and any user of this
document or related material agrees to such disclaimer as a precondition to receipt and usage
hereof.
Each user of this document or any product referred to herein expressly waives all guaranties and war-
ranties of any kind associated with this document any related materials or such product, whether
expressed or implied, including without limitation, any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness
for a particular purpose or non-infringement. Each user of this document or any product referred to
herein also expressly agrees Western Digital shall not be liable for any incidental, punitive, indirect,
special, or consequential damages, including without limitation physical injury or death, property
damage, lost data, loss of profits or costs of procurement of substitute goods, technology, or ser-
vices, arising out of or related to this document, any related materials or any product referred to

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

-2-
herein, regardless of whether such damages are based on tort, warranty, contract, or any other legal
theory, even if advised of the possibility of such damages.
This document and its contents, including diagrams, schematics, methodology, work product, and
intellectual property rights described in, associated with, or implied by this document, are the sole
and exclusive property of Western Digital. No intellectual property license, express or implied, is
granted by Western Digital associated with the document recipient's receipt, access and/or use of
this document or the products referred to herein; Western Digital retains all rights hereto.
This document and Western Digital communications to the user associated therewith, shall be
treated as Western Digital Corporation’s proprietary and confidential information, protected by the
recipient as such, and used by the recipient only for the purpose authorized in writing by Western
Digital Corporation. This document shall be covered as Western Digital Corporation’s confidential
information under all applicable nondisclosure agreements between the recipient and Western Digi-
tal Corporation.
Western Digital and the Western Digital logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of Western
Digital Corporation or its affiliates in the U.S. and/or other countries. All other marks are the property
of their respective owners. Product specifications subject to change without notice. Pictures shown
may vary from actual products. Not all products are available in all regions of the world.
© 2018 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

-3-
 Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Applicable Devices...........................................................................................................................7

2. DEVICE REPORT ................................................................................................................ 7

2.1 Vendor Specific Command Overview............................................................................................7
2.1.1 CMD62 General Format ........................................................................................................... 8
2.1.2 CMD63 General Format ............................................................................................................ 8
2.1.3 Vendor Specific Command Implementation Example .......................................................... 8
2.2 Device Report Structure ................................................................................................................. 8

3. ADDITIONAL HEALTH RELATED INFORMATION ..................................................................... 11

3.1 Power Loss Indications ..................................................................................................................11
3.2 Unstable Power Supply Indications ..............................................................................................11

4. PRODUCT NAME CHANGE .................................................................................................12

5. CONTACT INFORMATION ...................................................................................................13

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

-4-
 List of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1 Device Report ...............................................................................................................................7
Figure 4-1 SanDisk to Western Digital ........................................................................................................12
Figure 4-2 Decoding New Naming Structure .............................................................................................12

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

-5-
 List of Tables

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1 CMD62 General Format ................................................................................................................ 8
Table 2-2 CMD63 General Format ................................................................................................................ 8
Table 2-3 Device Report Structure............................................................................................................... 8
Table 3-1 Power Loss Indications ................................................................................................................11

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

-6-
 Introduction

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Western Digital iNAND 7250 eMMC offers several indicators of device health including a
device report feature that provides the firmware and device status. The device report is a
dedicated data structure that includes data such as P/E cycles used, power supply events
statistics, bad block status, etc. This document gives details on how to read the device report
and the interpretation of the fields in the report.
In addition to the device report, there are live indicators for power loss and unstable supply
events that will be discussed.

1.1 Applicable Devices

The device report is available on the following part numbers:
SDINBDG4-xxG-A
SDINBDG4-xxG-XA
SDINBDG4-xxG-ZA
SDINBDG4-xxG-H
SDINBDG4-xxG-I
SDINBDG4-xxG-I1
SDINBDG4-xxG-XI1

2.0 DEVICE REPORT

The e.MMC spec limits the host in relation to device configuration and status reporting.
iNAND 7250 uses vendor specific commands CMD62 and CMD63 to query and read the device
report.

Figure 2-1. Device Report

2.1 Vendor Specific Command Overview

JEDEC standards allow for manufacturers to define commands. For the iNAND 7250,
commands CMD62 and CMD63 are used for this purpose.

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

-7-
 Device Report

2.1.1 CMD62 General Format

Table 2-1. CMD62 General Format

CMD Index Type Response Argument

62 ac R1b [31:0] opcode/argument/value

CMD62 is used for the host to initiate an activity or request information. There is no
data associated with this command as indicated by type ac. Only a status response is
given by the device, optionally indicating a busy status.

2.1.2 CMD63 General Format

Table 2-2. CMD63 General Format

CMD Index Type Response Argument

63 adtc R1 [31:0] opcode/argument/val

CMD63 is used to retrieve at data payload from the device as indicated by type adtc.
The device will respond with a 512 Byte block of data.

2.1.3 Vendor Specific Command Implementation Example

For an example of how to implement vendor specific commands such as these, refer
to http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mmc/msg29909.html.

2.2 Device Report Structure

NOTE: In the table below:

System fields refer to high retention blocks that are part of the
following partitions:
boot
RPMB
extended or enhanced GPP
EUDA fields refer to high endurance blocks that are part of the
Enhanced User Data Area (EUDA).

Table 2-3. Device Report Structure

Offset Size
(bytes) (bytes) Field Description

[3:0] 4 Avg Erase Count System Average erase value across all system blocks

[7:4] 4 Avg Erase Count SLC Average erase value across all SLC blocks

[11:8] 4 Avg Erase Count MLC Average erase value across all MLC blocks

[15:12] 4 Read Reclaim Count System Number of reads of system data which passed read-
scrub thresholds and require reclaim

[19:16] 4 Reserved

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

-8-
 Device Report

Offset Size
(bytes) (bytes) Field Description

[23:20] 4 Read Reclaim Count MLC Number of MLC reads which passed read-scrub
thresholds and require reclaim

[27:24] 4 Bad Block Manufacturer Total bad blocks detected during manufacturing pro-
cess

[31:28] 4 Bad Block Runtime System Total bad blocks in system partitions detected during
run-time

[35:32] 4 Reserved

[39:36] 4 Bad Block Runtime MLC Total bad blocks in MLC partition detected during
run-time

[43:40] 4 Patch Trial Count Number of secure field firmware updates (sFFU) done
from the beginning of the device life

[55:44] 12 Patch Release Date Current sFFU release date

[63:56] 8 Patch Release Time Current sFFU release hour

[67:64] 4 Cumulative Write Data Size Total bytes written from the host in multiples of 100
In 100MB MB

[71:68] 4 VCC Voltage Drop Occur- Number of ungraceful power downs to the device.
rences Counter may be inaccurate due to uncommitted
counter updates during repeated voltage drops.

[75:72] 4 VCC Voltage Droop Occur- Number of power-droops (slight power-droop below
rences a threshold and for a very short period of time)

[79:76] 4 Failures to Recover New Counts times new host data is discarded due to
Host Data After Power Loss power loss

[83:80] 4 Recovery Operations After Number of recovery operations done by the device
Voltage Droop while power-droop detected

[99:84] 16 Reserved

[103:100] 4 Cumulative Initialization Number of power-ups

Count

[107:104] 4 Max Erase Count System Maximum erase value among all system blocks

[111:108] 4 Reserved

[115:112] 4 Max Erase Count MLC Maximum erase value among all MLC blocks

[119:116] 4 Min Erase Count System Minimum erase value among all system blocks

[123:120] 4 Reserved

[127:124] 4 Min Erase Count MLC Minimum erase value among all MLC block

[131:128] 4 Max Erase Count EUDA Maximum erase value among any EUDA blocks

[135:132] 4 Min Erase Count EUDA Minimum erase value among any EUDA blocks

[139:136] 4 Avg Erase Count EUDA Average erase value among any EUDA blocks

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

-9-
 Device Report

Offset Size
(bytes) (bytes) Field Description

[143:140] 4 Read Reclaim Count EUDA Number of reads of EUDA data which passed read-
scrub thresholds and require reclaim

[147:144] 4 Bad Block Runtime EUDA Total bad blocks in EUDA partition detected during
run-time

[151:148] 4 Pre EOL State EUDA Pre EOL levels EUDA blocks:
1: normal
2: warning
3: urgent
4: read only

[155:152] 4 Pre EOL State System Pre EOL levels system blocks:
1: normal
2: warning
3: urgent
4: read only

[159:156] 4 Pre EOL State MLC Pre EOL levels blocks, remainder of device:
1: normal
2: warning
3: urgent
4: read only

[163:160] 4 Uncorrectable Error Correc- Number of uncorrectable errors detected

tion Code

[167:164] 4 Current Temperature The current temperature of the device, in degrees

Celsius

[171:168] 4 Min Temperature Minimum temperature recorded in the device over

lifetime, in degrees Celsius

[175:172] 4 Max Temperature Maximum temperature recorded in the device over

lifetime, in degrees Celsius

[179:176] 4 Health Device Level EUDA Health status of EUDA blocks, 1–100%

[183:180] 4 Health Device Level System Health status of system blocks, 1–100%

[187:184] 4 Health Device Level MLC Health status of MLC blocks, 1–100%

[511-188] 324 Reserved

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

- 10 -
 Additional Health Related Information

3.0 ADDITIONAL HEALTH RELATED INFORMATION

3.1 Power Loss Indications
A dedicated field in the extended CSD register was allocated to indicate the
occurrence of power loss or write abort during the last power down. This field
reports if a power loss was detected and recovered during the last power up.
In order to retrieve this field the host should issue CMD8 command – SEND_EXT_CSD.
This command returns full EXT_CSD structure – 512 bytes as block of data. The power
loss indicator is returned in byte 121, which is defined in the standards as a vendor
specific field. It is defined by Western Digital as:

Table 3-1. Power Loss Indications

EXT_CSD Field Bit(s) Value Description

[7:3] Reserved N/A

0x1 Recovery passed successfully

[2] RECOVERY_SUCCESS
0x0 Recovery failed

0x1 Recovery to old copy of data

[1] RECOVER_OLD_DATA
POWER_LOSS_REPORT[121] 0x0 No data recovery required

0x1 Unexpected power loss detected

detection done during initialization,
immediately after power-up
[0] POWER_LOSS_DETECTED
0x0 No power loss detected on last init.
Note: if power loss did not occur on
last shut down, this register will
show 0x00

3.2 Unstable Power Supply Indications

In the event of a temporary voltage droop, the iNAND may not be able to recover the
data that was already transferred to the iNAND device but wasn’t written to the flash.
In this case, the iNAND will “abort” the current host write and send an error indication
back to the host.
Bit 19 (l error) and Bit 20 (cc_error) in the R1 command response will be set together
to indicate the voltage droop error to the host. The voltage droop error indication
can be seen only if CMD13 was issued, or in the next command response.

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

- 11 -
 Product Name Change

4.0 PRODUCT NAME CHANGE

This section describes the product name change from SanDisk to Western Digital.
Description of Change
Update company logo to Western Digital in collateral and marketing materials. No impact
on product marking.
Retain iNAND as the product brand for embedded flash drives.
Assign each letter of the new taxonomy with its unique identification.

Figure 4-1. SanDisk to Western Digital

Figure 4-2. Decoding New Naming Structure

Important Exceptions
No impact on currently shipping or qualified products
No change to part number/SKU systems
SanDisk, WD, and HGST part numbers and ordering system are unchanged

If you have any questions or require further assistance, contact oemproducts@wdc.com for
support.

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

- 12 -
 Contact Information

5.0 CONTACT INFORMATION

Western Digital Technologies, Inc.
951 SanDisk Drive, Milpitas, CA 95035-7933
Phone: +1-408-801-1000
Fax: +1-408-801-8657
Email: oemproducts@wdc.com

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL

- 13 -
 For service and literature:
support.wdc.com
www.wdc.com
800.ASK.4WDC North America
+800.6008.6008 Asia Pacific
00800.ASK.4WDEU Europe (toll free where available)
+31.88.0062100 Europe/Middle East/Africa
Western Digital
5601 Great Oaks Parkway Revision 6.2
San Jose, CA 95119 September 2018
U.S.A.

WESTERN DIGITAL CONFIDENTIAL