Design A Simple Low Voltage Audio

Amplifier

SUBMITTED TO

SIR YASIR NAEEM

AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR
THE DEGREE OF B.SC
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
BY
ADNAN ABBAS
&
USMAN ABBAS

3 SEMESTER, SECTION “A”

RD

SESSION 2009-2013

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

FEDERAL URDU UNIVERSITY
ISLAMABAD

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 O Lord!
Advance us in Pure Knowledge & Lead us to the Straight
Path.
(Ameen)

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 Table of Contents

SR.NO. CHAPTERS PAGE NO.

1. Abstract 04
2. Objectives 05
3. Introduction 06
4. Project description 07
4.1 Required components 07
4.2 IC LM386M-1 07
4.2(a) General description 07
4.2(b) Features 08
4.2(c) Applications 08
4.2(d) Equivalent schematic 09
4.3 Low voltage audio amplifier 09
4.3(a) circuit 09
4.3(b) PCB layout 10
4.3(c) Description 10
4.4 Pictures of project 11
5. References 12

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 ABSTRACT

The main purpose of the present study is to design simple low cost
audio amplifier using IC LM386. There are different models of the
LM386 that have slightly different specifications such as LM 386N-1, LM
386N-3, LM 386N-4, LM 386M-1, LM 386MM-1. In this project we use
IC LM 386 M-1. This amplifier is suited for the low voltage amplification.

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 OBJECTIVES
To be intuitative and innovative is the wit of soul and mind of human
being. This is what engineering demands from us that we must explore
new avenues and dimensions by tapping our in built capabilities. This
was the main motivating factor behind submitted project. The core
purpose behind this team work was to utilize the different brains in
order to create such a pragmatic innovation with the name of “LOW
VOLTAGE AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER” using “IC LM 386 M-1”. We have
decided to go with the same spirit in the prospective times in order to
utilize our technical knowledge in the best possible manner. So that we
can prove ourselves to be the most utilitarian members of engineering
slot.

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 INTRODUCTION
This is a 0.125 milli watt mono amplifier module Kit using the LM386M-
1 IC. It will operate best from 4-18V DC and will work well from a
battery since the quiescent current drain is only 4 mA. It requires no
heat sink for normal use. The input and output are both ground
referenced. Maximum output will be obtained with a 18V power supply
and 8 ohm speaker. We also added LED parallel to the speaker, which
blinks with the bass of the music.

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 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Required Components:
• 1μF non-electrolytic capacitor 1
• 1nF non-electrolytic capacitor 1
• 100μF electrolytic capacitor 1
• 10μF electrolytic capacitor 3
• 47nF non-electrolytic capacitor 1
• 10 ohm resistor (brown, black, black) 1
• 10k ohm potentiometer 1
• IC: LM386M-1 Integrated Circuit 1
• LED: Red LED 5
• LED: Orange LED 5
• 9V dc-batteries 2
• Printed Circuit Board 1
• Mono audio pin 1

 IC LM 386 M-1:

General Description:
The LM386 is a power amplifier designed for use in low voltage
consumer applications. The gain is internally set to 20 to keep external
part count low, but the addition of an external resistor and capacitor
between pins 1 and 8 will increase the gain to any value from 20 to
200. The inputs are ground referenced while the output automatically
biases to one-half the supply voltage. The quiescent power drain is
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only 24 mill watts when operating from a 6 volt supply, making the
LM386 ideal for battery operation.
Features:
• Battery operation
• Minimum external parts
• Wide supply voltage range: 4V–12V or 5V–18V
• Low quiescent current drain: 4mA
• Voltage gains from 20 to 200
• Ground referenced input
• Self-centering output quiescent voltage
• Low distortion: 0.2% (AV = 20, VS = 6V, RL = 8Ω, PO = 125mW, f
= 1kHz)
• Available in 8 pin MSOP package

Applications:
• AM-FM radio amplifiers
• Portable tape player amplifiers
• Intercoms
• TV sound systems
• Line drivers
• Ultrasonic drivers
• Small servo drivers
• Power converters

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Equivalent Schematic and Connection Diagrams:

Fig 1 equivalent schematic and connection diagrams of LM 386M-1

 LOW VOLTAGE AUDIO AMPLIFIER:

Circuit:

Fig 2 Circuit of audio amplifier

PCB Layout:
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 Fig 3 PCB layout of audio amplifier circuit

Description:
There are only a few external components, the IC contains most of the
necessary circuitry.
• 1μF capacitor is the input coupling capacitor, which blocks any
DC that might be present on the input.
• 10μF capacitor between 1 and 8 pin of the IC, maintains DC bias
levels in the gain adjustment circuit (feed back bypass).
• 10μF capacitor parallel to the battery, provides power supply
decoupling. A decoupling capacitor is a capacitor used
to decouple one part of an electrical network (circuit) from
another. Noise caused by other circuit elements is shunted
through the capacitor, reducing the effect they have on the rest
of the circuit.
• 100μF capacitor before the speaker is the output coupling
capacitor.
• 47nf capacitor 10Ω resistor act as a zobel network providing a
high frequency load to maintain stability where loud speaker
inductive reactance may become excessive.
• 10kΩ potentiometer provides adjustable input level attenuation.
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Pictures of the project:
Following is the pictures of the project through different angles.

Fig 4 Implementation of PCB circuit on a PCB board

Fig 5 components placed on a PCB board

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 Fig 6(a) finalizing of the project

Fig 6(b) Final shape of the project

References
• http://www.techlib.com/electronics/audioamps.html
• http://www.biltek.tubitak.gov.tr/gelisim/elektronik/dosyalar/6/LM3
86.pdf

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