Maria Angela C.

Viray
BSN 2D
Pedia

1. Moro Reflex
The Moro reflex is often called a startle reflex. That’s because it usually occurs when a baby is startled by
a loud sound or movement. In response to the sound, the baby throws back his or her head, extends out
his or her arms and legs, cries, then pulls the arms and legs back in. A baby's own cry can startle him or
her and trigger this reflex. This reflex lasts until the baby is about 2 months old.

2. Palmar Reflex
Нe palmar grasp reflex is elicited in babies up to four months after birth, by touching the radial part of
the palmar surface, between ring and index fingers. Нe reflex response is the rapid flexion and
adduction of the fingers of the stimulated hand

3. Plantar Reflex/Babinski reflex

Babinski reflex is one of the normal reflexes in infants. Reflexes are responses that occur when the body
receives a certain stimulus. The Babinski reflex occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked.
The big toe then moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot. The other toes fan out. This reflex
is normal in children up to 2 years old. It disappears as the child gets older. It may disappear as early as
12 months.

4. Tonic Reflex
When a baby's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm
bends up at the elbow. This is often called the fencing position. This reflex lasts until the baby is about 5
to 7 months old.

5. Landau Reflex
A normal reaction observed in infants between the ages of 3 and 12 months: When the child is
supported horizontally in the prone position, the head rises and the back arches.

6. Stepping Reflex
This reflex is also called the walking or dance reflex because a baby appears to take steps or dance when
held upright with his or her feet touching a solid surface. This reflex lasts about 2 months.

7. Grasp Reflex
Stroking the palm of a baby's hand causes the baby to close his or her fingers in a grasp. The grasp reflex
lasts until the baby is about 5 to 6 months old. A similar reflex in the toes lasts until 9 to 12 months.

8. Sucking Reflex
If you touch the roof of your baby’s mouth with your finger, a pacifier or a nipple, they will instinctively
begin sucking. It becomes a conscious effort around 2 to 3 months.
9. Kernigs sign
Kernig's sign is one of the physically demonstrable symptoms of meningitis. Severe stiffness of the
hamstrings causes an inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees and is positive
when the thigh is flexed at the hip and knee at 90 degree angles, and subsequent extension in the knee
is painful (leading to resistance). This may indicate subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis.

10. Brudzinski’s Sign

Brudzinski's sign is characterized by reflexive flexion of the knees and hips following passive neck flexion.
To elicit this sign, the examiner places one hand on the patient's chest and the other hand behind the
patient's neck. The examiner then passively flexes the neck forward and assesses whether the knees and
hips flex. One of the physically demonstrable symptoms of meningitis is Brudzinski's sign. Severe neck
stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed.