A Comparative Study on the Effects of Korean Drama Consumption

to the Patriotism of University of the East – Caloocan

Grade 12 HUMSS Fans and Non-fans

Cabello, Melo Mar Y.

Palisoc, Joanne Mariel T.

Panganiban, Remar Paulo L.

Santosidad, Janna T.

Sarreal, Robbin L.

A Research Project

Submitted to the Basic Education Department of the University of the East – Caloocan

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for HRE 122: Research Project

March 1, 2018
 ABSTRACT

This study explored the possible effects of watching Korean TV drama on the patriotism

of students. The rise of Hallyu 1.0 or Korean TV drama to popularity in the mid-1990s became

possible through the help of media. Three theories were utilized to explain the successful

proliferation of K-drama in Asian countries: Cultural Proximity Theory, Media Dependency

Theory, and Uses and Gratifications Theory. However, despite the success of Hallyu, anti-

Hallyu movements have been formed across Asia, eliciting different explanations from experts,

one of which is linked to the concept of patriotism. In order to validate the relationship, the

researchers conducted an in-depth interview with five K-drama fans and five non-fans, and

compared and contrasted the patriotism of the members of each group in relation to K-drama

consumption. In this study, patriotism is defined as the pride one feels for his country. The

results showed that participants are both proud of being a Filipino and of the Philippines

regardless of K-drama consumption. However, this pride tends to be less manifested in the

actions of K-drama fans as opposed to non-fans, because said fans prefer Korean TV drama to

Filipino TV drama. K-drama fans patronize K-drama merchandise over Filipino drama

merchandise, and finds patronizing the latter embarrassing. Furthermore, K-drama fans

compared the Filipino culture to South Korean culture wherein they perceive the latter as

superior over the former. Hence, the researchers concluded that watching K-dramas negatively

affects the patriotism of students. However, the relationship is deemed to be substantially weak

due to: (a) conflicting data, and (b) arbitrary nature of patriotism, since the subjective nature of

―pride‖ warrants its absence of manifestation without constituting to unpatriotic values.

Nevertheless, this study is still significant since it will alert concerned authorities on the negative

effects of K-dramas on patriotism and will urge them to respond accordingly.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend their deepest gratitude to all the people who

contributed in their quest to reach the primary goal of this research project.

To Mr. Wayne Winter Jao Uyseco, our research adviser, who never failed to extend his

patience, never-ending support, and wisdom to his students. Without him, this research project

would not be a reality.

To Mr. Teodoro Nicolas Santillan Dulay II, who, aside from teaching us the basics of

conducting research, also imparted to us values and principles that do not only apply to

research alone but also in real life.

To the researchers' parents who gave their full support to their scions, to whom the

researchers can never fully express their heartfelt gratitude.

To the academic institution, the University of the East Caloocan, where the researchers

are currently enrolled; it served as a staging ground where our skills are honed, and a living

embodiment of knowledge that helped the researchers optimize their minds and perspectives.

To almighty God, who blessed the researchers with the strength that they needed all

throughout the process and gave them the will to continue despite facing many challenges

along the way. Without Him, the researchers would not be able to successfully finish this paper.

Lastly, to all the Filipino patriots who inspired the researchers to awaken and strengthen

the patriotic sense of the Filipinos through this research and to emphasize its importance to all

Filipinos. If it weren't for them, there would be no free Philippines today and the concept of

patriotism might still not be clear to most people.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT (i)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (ii)

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1

RESEARCH QUESTIONS 4
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 7

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

EMERGENCE OF HALLYU 8

FILIPINO RECEPTION ON NON-WESTERN FILMS 9

HALLYU AND MEDIA 11

HALLYU AND COMMUNICATION THEORIES 12

CULTURAL PROXIMITY THEORY 12

MEDIA DEPENDENCY THEORY 13

USES AND GRATIFICATIONS THEORY 14

CONCEPTS OF PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM 15

PATRIOTISM IN THE PHILIPPINES 18

PATRIOTISM IN NATION BUILDING 20

ACCULTURATION AND ITS LINKS TO PATRIOTISM 23

THREATS TO FILIPINO PATRIOTISM 25

 HALLYU IN THE CONTEXT OF PATRIOTISM 26

ANTI-HALLYU SENTIMENTS AND THE GROUNDS 28

FOR A HALLYU BACKLASH

SUMMARY 29

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

PARTICIPANTS 32

DATA COLLECTION METHOD 32

RESEARCH DESIGN 33

CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

THE PARTICIPANTS 34
THEMES AND RESULTS 35

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY 76
CONCLUSION 80
RECOMMENDATION 82

BIBLIOGRAPHY 84

APPENDICES 90

A. CONSENT FORM
B. INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONS
C. CODEBOOK
D. LEVEL ONE CODING
E. INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Hallyu (Hangeul) or Korean Wave (English) refers to the popularity of Korean

entertainment and culture across the globe (Korean Culture and Information Service, 2015). The

Chinese media coined the word to describe the Korean pop culture fever in their country (Lee &

Nornes, 2015).

Hallyu started in the mid-1990s after Korea and China entered into diplomatic relations

and after the China Central Television (CCTV) channel aired the Korean TV drama, ―What is

Love?‖ in 1997. The drama became successful with an audience rating of 4.2% or over 150

million Chinese viewers. In the same year, Seoul Music Room introduced Korean pop music in

Beijing, gaining popularity eventually among Chinese teenagers. Hallyu then started in Japan

when the KBS TV drama ―Winter Sonata‖ was aired in 2003. The TV drama became an instant

mega hit to the Japanese viewers, prompting TV stations like Fuji TV to devote up to three (3)

hours of air time per day. The success of Korean TV drama in China and Japan helped promote

Hallyu to Asian countries and beyond (Korean Culture and Information Service, 2015).

Hallyu reached the Philippines in 2003 when ―Bright Girl‖ and ―Endless Love I: Shin Hye

in My Heart‖ were aired. Like in other countries, Korean TV drama also became popular in the

Philippines (Igno & Cenidoza, 2016). Due to its popularity, Korean dramas were subject to

remakes. In 2008, Filipino actors portrayed the original cast of ―My Girl‖: Kim Chiu took the lead

role played by Lee Dae-hee, along with Gerald Anderson who portrayed the role played by Lee

Dong-wook. Many other remakes soon followed afterwards (Garcia, 2008).

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 The Korean wave expanded from Korean TV drama to Korean pop music, also known

by many as K-pop. One of the most popular K-pop music around the globe is Psy‘s ―Gangnam

Style,‖ which was released in July 2012. The song was the first K-pop music to top the UK

Singles Chart in October 2012. As of November 2017, its music video had already reached 2.9

billion views on YouTube. The song won 12 international awards including Best Video at the

2012 MTV Europe Music Awards and Top Streaming Song at 2012 Billboard Music Awards. A

surge of K-pop idol groups came into the spotlight after Gangnam Style‘s success. Big Bang,

BTS, EXO, Girls‘ Generation, SHINee, Super Junior, TWICE, and many more idol groups

dominated pop music markets across Asia (Korean Culture and Information Service, 2015).

Despite the global success of Hallyu, anti-Hallyu movements have been formed across

different parts of Asia, including China and Japan where Hallyu first started. The Chinese

government placed a ban on Korean pop culture by preventing Korean actors to perform in the

country. The scheduled fan meeting of Kim Woo-bin and Bae Suzy, the lead actors in the

Korean drama ―Uncontrollably Fond,‖ was postponed. The organizers cited ―reasons outside

their control.‖ Lee Jun-ki, who plays the lead role for the Korean movie ―Never Said Goodbye,‖

was unable to attend his premiere because he could not get a visa. There were also reports

from last year that the Chinese government ordered local broadcasters not to air Korean drama,

movies, or entertainment shows. News coverage about Korean celebrities, drama, and films has

also disappeared from local TV and newspaper (Oh, 2016). As a result of these retaliations

made by China, it is stated in a study conducted by the Korea Development Bank‘s Industrial

Technology Research Center that the Korean industry suffered a loss of about $10 billion mainly

from duty-free shops and the tourism industry (The Korea Economic Daily, 2017; as cited in

Jun, 2017). In addition to that, the goal of another Hallyu wave to expand its influence in Asia

including China was affected, making Southeast Asian nations as its focus instead (Yonhap

News, 2017; as cited in Jun, 2017). Moreover, China and South Korea‘s relationship further

faltered because of the former‘s opposition to the latter‘s deployment of the Terminal High

2
Altitude Area Defense (THAAD). China has been long protesting the deployment of the anti-

missile system, arguing that it can undermine regional peace and stability (Park, 2017). In

addition, China‘s opposition against the THAAD can be seen ―as a measure to protect its own

national security rather than as opposition to Korea‘s ability to defend itself from Kim Jong-un‘s

aggressive North Korean regime‖ (Jun, 2017).

Meanwhile, anti-Hallyu sentiments in Japan seem to be more violent as it involves the

Japanese protestors and activists. Japanese protestors carry signages and shout offensive

messages such as "Go back to Korea" and ―Let's Kill Koreans." The same protestors would also

march through streets encroaching into Korean restaurants and shops selling Korean pop

culture goods (Park, 2014). Mr. Akira Maeda, a law professor at Tokyo Zokei University said,

―participants of such rallies are feeling increasingly alarmed by the rise of South

Korea. This sense of crisis, or anxiety, leads them to play up their own nation‘s

perceived superiority.‖

In an e-mail interview with Korea Times, a public servant who wants to remain anonymous said,

―In times of a sagging economy, the Japanese have solaced themselves with the

belief that Japan is still superior to any other Asian country in terms of culture

content and related business, but the steep rise of K-pop and Korean drama in

Japan shattered that belief. I think the broken self-confidence played a crucial

role in prompting anti-Hallyu sentiment.‖

There are many possible explanations behind these anti-Hallyu movements in Asia,

particularly in China and Japan (Black et al., 2010). One of the possible reasons for the

emergence of anti-Hallyu movements is the issue regarding patriotism. Based on this, the

researchers would like to verify the causal relationship between watching South Korean TV

drama and the patriotism of the Grade 12 HUMSS Students from University of the East –

Caloocan.

3
 This study aims to provide an answer to the problem: How does watching South Korean

TV Drama affect the students‘ patriotism?

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In this study, the researchers aim to answer the following questions:

1. How does watching Korean TV drama affect the Korean drama fans‘ patriotism?

A. How does it change their perspectives toward their country?

B. How do the Korean drama fans perceive their local products through the

influence of Korean TV drama?

C. Do they prefer to buy Korean products over their local products?

2. How does watching Korean TV drama shape the preference of students in terms

of TV drama?

A. Do they prefer to watch Korean TV drama over their local TV drama?

B. What prompts them to choose Korean TV drama over their local TV drama?

3. How do non-Korean drama fans perceive the consumption and increased

popularity of Korean TV drama in their country?

A. Do they perceive it as positive or negative?

B. How do non-Korean drama fans perceive Korean drama fans?

4. How do the Korean drama fans and non-Korean drama fans‘ perception towards

their country differ?

A. Do they both see themselves as proud citizens of their country?

B. How do they express their pride towards their country?

C. How does Korean TV Drama affect their perception towards South Korea?

D. How does Korean TV Drama affect their perception towards the Philippines?

E. How does Filipino TV Drama affect their perception towards the Philippines?

4
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This research aims:

1. To IDENTIFY the causal relationship between watching Korean TV drama and the

Korean drama fans‘ patriotism.

2. To ENUMERATE the effects of watching Korean TV drama on the patriotism of Korean

drama fans.

3. To DESCRIBE how watching Korean TV drama shapes the preference/s of students in

terms of TV drama.

4. To IDENTIFY and DESCRIBE the perceptions of non-Korean drama fans to the

consumption and increased popularity of Korean TV drama in their country.

5. To ARTICULATE whether or not watching Korean TV drama has become a threat to the

patriotism of students.

6. To COMPARE and CONTRAST Korean drama fans‘ and non-Korean drama fans‘

perception of their country.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Massive backlash against Hallyu occurred in many countries. There are many

explanations as to why these backlashes happened in Asian countries, particularly in China and

Japan where Hallyu first started. One of the possible reasons to be considered is the threat of

Hallyu to other countries‘ cultural growth. In Japan, protestors have been reportedly carrying

signage with offensive messages and chanting harsh words towards the Koreans (Park, 2014).

Professor Akira Maeda believes that these protests have something to do with the issue of

patriotism.

Because of this, the researchers would like to know the causal relationship between

watching South Korean TV Drama and the students‘ patriotism. Specifically, the researchers

5
would like to find out if Hallyu consumption affects the patriotism of the Grade 12 HUMSS

students from the University of the East – Caloocan. From this awareness, the researchers

would be able to evaluate if the effects Hallyu consumption on the patriotism of the students are

either negative or positive. Hopefully, from this study the researchers will be able to identify if

the Hallyu consumption poses a threat, such as the loss of identity.

Through this study, the students and even other K-drama fans will be able to know if

their consumption of Korean TV drama could possibly minimize their pride towards their own

country through molding their preferences in product(s) consumption, making them patronize

Korean products more than local ones, and even unconsciously or consciously making them

think that their own country is inferior to South Korea. The study could also encourage teachers

to educate the students about patriotism and to inform them of the ways on how they could still

express it even if they have been influenced by Hallyu through Korean TV drama.

On the other hand, the Filipino citizens, K-drama fans or not, could also benefit from this

study, making them think if their patriotism towards their country is still existing. Additionally, this

study could inform them of what is the true meaning of patriotism. With that, this study could

possibly open their eyes and make them think of ways on how they could strengthen their

patriotism even if the influence of Hallyu is already present in the country.

Unintentionally, this study could also help Filipino filmmakers through informing them of

the qualities that Korean TV drama has, making K-drama fans choose it over local TV drama.

Filmmakers could use it as a basis of what is the trend on TV drama viewers and as a basis on

what aspects of their TV drama or films could be developed or improved.

Lastly, if proven that consumption of Korean TV drama is a serious concern, the

researchers would likely recommend to other researchers to focus furthermore on the subject or

suggest that they make an in-depth study regarding the matter.

6
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The researchers‘ study will focus on the comparison of the perception of Korean drama fans

and non-Korean drama fans to the cause and effects of watching Korean drama to the patriotism of Grade

12 HUMSS students in University of the East – Caloocan. The study will only deal with the

preferences of students in terms of TV drama and their perception on how watching Korean

drama affect their patriotism towards their country.

The political and economic aspect will not be discussed in this study, although in terms

of students‘ patronage and the participants comments regarding the subject matter, terms

involved in the economic aspect may be touched and political conflict between South Korea and

China may also be slightly tackled. The study will only look at how the students perceive their

country vis-à-vis South Korea. Additionally, the gender as well as age of the participants will not

be of the same size. The students‘ pride for their country will be measured through questions

that will be given to them on the individual interviews.

7
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

EMERGENCE OF HALLYU

The popularity of Hallyu began in the late 1990s when Korean-produced films, or

simply Korean drama, were exported to and aired in China. There are three

consecutive waves of Hallyu, namely: Hallyu 1.0 (K-drama), Hallyu 2.0 (K-pop music) and

Hallyu 3.0 (K-culture). In the mid-2000s, Hallyu was successfully led by Korean idol

groups, which owes its success largely to web 2.0 that is driven by social networking

sites and the smart phone. Because of this, the Korean wave has reached its neighboring

countries in Asia and even the entire world (Kim, 2015).

The Hallyu 1.0 began in the year 1995 and ended in the year 2005. It generally targeted

the Asian countries, specifically China, Taiwan, and Japan through Korea‘s media contents

such as Korean drama and movies. This is the period when the Korean drama ―What is Love?

(1997),‖ ―Winter Sonata (2002),‖ ―My Sassy Girl (2001),‖ ―Jewel in the Palace (2003),‖ the band

‗HOT‘, and the singer Boa became a hit in those countries. However, Hallyu 1.0 rapidly evolved

to Hallyu 2.0 in a span of ten years. The neo-Hallyu 2.0, emerged in the year 2006 and is

continuously present as of the moment. Its main goal is to expand Hallyu‘s range ―from

contemporary K-pop culture into traditional cultures like hangul, hansik, hanok (Korean-style

house)‖ which would pave the way for the rise of another wave later on. Hallyu 2.0 targeted not

just the Asian countries, but also North America and the whole of Europe. Social networking

sites such as YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter played a big role for providing an easy access to

K-pop related media contents for fans all over the world. Under the K-stars-oriented approach,

Hallyu 2.0‘s main value proposition are K-pop idols, which includes Girls‘ Generation, Kara,

8
Shinee, 2PM, and Big Bang. Lastly, both the neologism Hallyu 3.0 (K-culture) and Hallyu 4.0 (K-

style) are predicted to become a hit in the foreseeable future. The Korean government aims to

expand Korean traditional culture around the world and escalate Hallyu into a world-wide

phenomenon (Kim, 2015).

Additionally, Kim (2015) enumerated three theoretical analysis which can be used in

explaining how Hallyu came to popularity: (1) competence (hard power), (2) attractiveness (soft

power), and (3) criticism. Supporting the first theory, Hallyu fame is due to the rapid

industrialization that occurred in South Korea during the late 19th century, prompting Hallyu to

achieve popularity. This event symbolizes a sign of hard power or cultural technology for

Koreans to make better cultural products through its rapid industrialization. Hence, Hallyu is

considered as an industrial phenomenon and not a cultural one. The second theoretical analysis

is a contrast to the first one because Hallyu is viewed as a bearer of ―intrinsic Korean values‖

and showing a role of maintenance in the Korean civil society. This theory contends for the

―attractiveness‖ of Hallyu due to the insertion of Korea‘s culture into the phenomenon itself, as

what ―Jewel in the Palace‖ did, that makes it not ‗just‘ a commercial product, but a ―missionary

of East Asian cultural values‖. In the third and last theory, it is only possible for Hallyu to

succeed if it targets a ―niche market.‖ However, due to the modern period, the commercial

product presented by the Korean wave consists not of Korean traditional values, but of

contemporary pop culture.

FILIPINO RECEPTION ON NON-WESTERN FILMS

The rise of Hallyu started when the Korean TV drama, Jealous, followed by another

Korean drama, What Is Love? aired in China in the years 1993 and 1997 respectively (Lee,

9
2011). These drama remarkably increased in popularity and soon penetrated the rest of the

Central and Southeast Asia.

In the Philippines, even before Hallyu entered the Philippine entertainment sphere,

foreign films have had already captured the minds of the Filipinos. Alanzalon (2011) provided an

in-depth analysis on the transition of foreign soap operas that dominated the Philippine media,

stating the soap opera Marimar as the pioneer Mexican telenovela that caught the attention of

Filipino viewers in the year 1996. From then on, Mexican telenovelas ruled the Philippine

television. Only a few years after Mexican telenovelas dominated the Philippines, animated

series from Japan made its way into the Philippine television as well, with Voltes V as the

primary example. However, when the new millennium entered, the Philippine media was ruled

by another wave of drama, this time it originated from South Korea. It is important to note the

receptiveness of Filipinos to foreign products, specifically on films and drama, despite the

availability of domestic films, as well as its effects on our daily lives.

On a similar study, Reyes (n.d.) provided a detailed explanation on the receptiveness of

Filipinos to Korean drama; stating that Filipinos went crazy over Hallyu not only because a new

genre of film, Korean drama, were introduced into their television sets but also because of the

new culture that they are being introduced to. After the massive success of Mexican and

Japanese films in the Philippines, Filipinos did not had enough and craved for more – and the

answer for their craving is the all-new Korean drama. He further stated that one of the factors

that made Filipinos love Korean drama is its simplicity and theme with a touch of feel light or

tear jerker story. It also showcased Korea‘s cultural heritage, which made Filipinos feel like they

are being toured in Korea. Lastly, Filipino people easily loved Korean drama simply because

those drama have touched Filipinos‘ hearts effortlessly.

10
HALLYU AND MEDIA

In these days, the spread of Hallyu across Asia and across the world becomes stronger

than ever through the help of media (Doan, 2014). Access to Korean drama in the past is mainly

done through televisions (Huang, 2009). Lewis (1999) asserts the power of television, because

audiences are influenced in a certain way by what they watch through the television. For

instance, Travel Agencies in the past used Korean drama as their selling point to promote their

tourism. Although there are a couple of purposes as to why tourists visit Korea, findings show

that Korean tourism became more popular after the exportation of Hallyu to other East Asian

countries (Huang, 2009). The findings of International Travel Fair shows that Seoul ranks as the

most popular tourist destination as most Korean drama‘ shooting location(s) is in this area.

Moreover, Korean drama are a new and indirect way of advertising (Huang, 2009). Zillmann and

Bryant (1994) mentioned that television audiences opted to consume products advertised in

television because it improves their emotion, shifting from bad to good or good to better.

Nowadays, Korean drama are mainly accessed through the internet. DramaFever

became the first legal site to stream Korean drama online. The site offered a wide range of

Korean drama with English subtitle. Other sites like Viki, SoompiTV, and DarkSmurfSubs

stream Korean drama with subtitles made by audiences or fans. Recently, Netflix also streams

Korean drama but on a smaller range (Tolou, 2014). YouTube, a popular video sharing website

became another platform for Korean drama. The site made it easier for K-drama fans to know

their idols better. Behind the scenes, clips and off-stage appearances of Korean actors are now

available in YouTube (Doan, 2014). Agencies and some of the Idols themselves use YouTube

to connect with their fans and promote or campaign their drama. Twitter, Facebook and other

social networking sites paved way for fans to be updated with the latest happenings on their

favourite drama. Korean drama are popularly talked about on Social networking sites and

the hashtag ―#k-drama‖ is often trending in Twitter. Social networking sites connected fans with

11
each other from all over the world. Most fan clubs are formed through social networking sites,

where updates on events are also posted (Tolou, 2014).

Moreover, there is a wide array of theories that aims to explore and explain the

reasons behind the success of Hallyu proliferation. The wide-accepted theories include:

Cultural Proximity Theory Joseph Straubhaar, Media Dependency Theory by Sandra

Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur, and Uses and Gratifications Theory by Jay Blumler

and Elihu Katz (Alanzalon, 2011).

HALLYU AND COMMUNICATION THEORIES

CULTURAL PROXIMITY THEORY

Straubhaar (2003; as cited in Ksiazek & Webster, 2008) defined Cultural Proximity as ―...

the tendency to prefer media products from one‘s own culture or the most similar possible

culture.‖ The concept has been used primarily in international contexts to explain the interplay of

power between foreign and domestic media. The concept originated as a response to the

various notions of cultural imperialism, which was proposed by Schiller in 1969, and economic

theories, by Waterman (2005) and Wildman and Siwek (1998) that predicted one-way

transmission of culture from richer to poorer countries, which are based on superior production

quality of cultural products.

The emergence of regional media production is consistent with notions of cultural

proximity. In order for media to best resonate with the cultural disposition of viewers, the content

and the viewer must be in line with the same ―cultural linguistic‖ (Straubhaar, 2003) or

―geolinguistic‖ (Cunningham, Jacka, & Sinclair, 1998).

12
 A study conducted by Kim (2004) investigated on the correlation of Hallyu popularity and

the theory of cultural proximity. The study‘s analysis showed that Korean programs satisfy Asian

emotional needs by being easy to assimilate to a similar lifestyle, cultural proximity, and

expressiveness. The Asians‘ preference for Korean programs show that they convey sympathy

for Asian cultural frames, which includes family morals, highly morality, and love and sacrifice.

Moreover, the study conducted by Alanzalon (2011) stated that Straubhaar‘s theory is

anchored on the belief that television audiences seek local media content, such as drama,

because of its traditional and identifiable cultural content and language. However, if the local

media fails to deliver this, the audience would choose television content with similar texts from

countries proximate in geography (geolinguistic), culture and language (cultural linguistic).

Proponents of cultural proximity highlight the importance of language in determining

audience preferences for different media products (Kim, 2004). However, language is not the

only determinant of cultural proximity. Although language is the main element that audiences

identify with, Straubhaar said that viewers go ―beyond language to include history, religion,

ethnicity and culture in several senses: shared identity, gestures and nonverbal communication;

what is considered funny or serious or even sacred; clothing styles; living patterns; climate

influences and other relationships with the environment‖ (Alanzalon, 2011).

MEDIA DEPENDENCY THEORY

The term Media Dependency was coined by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur in

1976. This theory states that every time an individual depends on media to provide his needs,

the importance of media in his life increases. Consequently, the increasing importance of media

is in his life results to its greater influence on the person (Alanzalon, 2011).

13
 Ball-Rokeach and DeFleur (1976; as cited in Alanzalon, 2011) enumerated two factors

that influence the degree of an individual‘s dependency on the media. First, the person‘s needs

that are being provided by the media, and second, the social changes and societal disputes that

might force the person to reevaluate his needs, thereby increasing their dependency.

On a study conducted by Alanzalon in 2011, she utilized Media Dependency Theory to

explain the process of the Filipino teenage fan‘s consumption of K-pop, and how their

dependency on the media made way for certain behaviours. The results showed that the

consumption of Korean media products satisfied the needs of the teenagers. New knowledge

about South Korea, the fandom culture, and the social interaction formed out of their fandom,

are only a part of the whole package that comes with consuming Korean content. Lastly, it turns

out that the main fuel for the fans‘ active consumption of Korean music stems out primarily from

the entertaining qualities (Alanzalon, 2011).

USES AND GRATIFICATIONS THEORY

Uses and Gratifications Theory is one of the earliest theories that postulate the audience

to be active in consuming media. Developed by Elihu Katz and Jay Blumler, the key elements in

this theory are the uses of the media, and the gratifications produced by those uses. The

audience is deemed to be ―goal-directed in its media-use‖ as their main goal is to satisfy their

different needs (Alanzalon, 2011).

In a study conducted by Alanzalon (2011), the researcher utilized the ―Uses and

Gratifications Theory‖ to understand the Filipino teens‘ consumption of Korean popular music

and videos. Using McQuail‘s ratified summary of media purposes, the researcher determined

which of the Filipino teens‘ needs were being gratified by the consumption of K-pop content.

The results of the said study showed that this can lead to the formation of the pattern of

14
consumption on audiences in parallel with their expectations towards media increasing.

Additionally, the results concluded the acquisition of new knowledge regarding the South

Korean culture affected the tendency of the respondents to consume more media content that

can further advance their knowledge of the said culture.

CONCEPTS OF PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM

In the Social Sciences, patriotism is viewed in different angles; therefore, there are

different perspectives towards the definition of patriotism and description of its distinctive

characteristics (Bar-Tal & Staub, 1997). Patriotism refers to attachment of members to their

country which they reside in (Bar-Tal, 1993). Patriotism is defined as the positive, supportive

attitude, and pride an individual has for his or her country‘s culture and the desire to preserve it.

It is important to note that patriots identify themselves as member of their own country (Omonijo

2015). On that note, Bar-Tal (1997) mentioned that patriotism‘s main characteristics are love,

allegiance, and desire to be a member of the country. In consonance, Nathanson (1997) claims

that patriotism is composed of four (4) main determinants, namely; a special affection towards

one‘s country, defining himself or herself through his or her country, being interested in

country‘s welfare, and sacrificing for the sake of country‘s welfare.

Primoratz (2002) noted that patriotism is comprised of different concerns. Tamir (1997)

pointed out that patriotism is made up of two main dimensions; attachment and civic

involvement. On one hand, patriotism is a complex form of devotion and not only loyalty towards

the country. In this sense, patriotism is a value that an individual may rank as priority. On the

other hand, patriotism also speaks of involvement. Patriotism can be a motivation to defend

ideals, preserve values, and maintain policies that are beneficial to the country.

15
 Patriotism and nationalism is often used interchangeably because they are both

characterized by the love that individuals have for their country. The difference lies on how

those people consider other groups. Nationalists would tend to have negative feelings toward

other countries as a result of loyalty to their own. Feelings of national superiority and the need

for national power and dominance is an example of such negative feelings (Kosterman &

Feshback, 1989; as cited in Druckman, 1994). On the other hand, patriots‘ love for their country

would not necessarily equate to a negative sentiment toward others. The findings of Feshbach

and Kosterman (1989) showed that patriots indicate this sense of willingness of setting aside

personal interests for national interest, but were not particularly supportive of war. Druckman

(1994) asserts that Feshback and Kosterman‘s findings suggests that nationalism is correlated

with a competitive or militaristic approach to the world, patriotism with a more involved or

peaceful approach to the world. Druckman (1994) also noted another interpretation in which

patriotism is defined as a commitment and readiness to sacrifice for the nation while nationalism

is commitment plus exclusion of others, a readiness to sacrifice bolstered by hostility toward

others.‖ In contrary; Oh, Williams, Bliss, and Krohn (2009) acknowledge that there are patriots in

military service who are willing to give their own life for the country. According to those

researchers, participation in the military is considered as the highest manifestation of patriotism.

Berns (1997) mentioned that patriots are willing to fight and die for the country as much as the

nationalist. Accordingly, Kateb (2000) claims that patriotism showcase readiness to die and kill

for one‘s country.

Tamir (1997) proposed another difference between patriotism and nationalism. When

essential, a patriot may resist the acts performed by his country; hence, patriotism is not to be

recognized as an individual‘s blind support for his country. On the other hand, nationalist will

defend their country no matter what. In accord, Harris (1953) said,

―The difference between patriotism and nationalism is that the patriot is proud of his country for

16
what it does, and the nationalist is proud of his country no matter what it does; the first attitude

creates a feeling of responsibility, but the second a feeling of blind arrogance that leads to war.‖

Oh, et al. (2009) contradicts the idea of Tamir, noting that there are two types of

patriotism: blind patriotism and constructive patriotism. Schatz, Staub, and Lavine (1999)

defined blind patriotism as the unconditional support an individual shows for the current policies

of his country. Baker and Oneal (2001) indicated in his study that blind patriotism is most

strongly emphasized during war. Constructive patriotism on the other hand is defined as the

willingness to question whether the policies and action of one‘s country is for the best interest of

all its members. (Schatz et al., 2009).

Hurwitz (1999) classified patriotism into five types: Iconoclastic Patriotism, Symbolic

Patriotism, Capitalistic Patriotism, Instinctive Environmental, and Nationalistic Symbolic

Patriotism. Iconoclastic Patriots are the individuals who see actions such as being affectionate

and showing love to the country which has positive effects to the nation. They are characterized

of having a persistent attitude, courage, discipline, knowledge and vision for the development of

the country, for example, some activists. Symbolic Patriots demonstrate respect to the symbols

of a country. These representations such as flag, symbols and language provoke and stir the

spirits of their patriotism. Capitalistic Patriots are individuals who are usually showing and

expressing their patriotism in contributing and playing a role in shaping the national economy.

They focus and highlight the development of the national economy. The individual‘s involvement

in shaping the development of nation‘s economy is the manifestation of patriotism. Instinctive

Environmental Patriots are exhibiting and displaying devotedness to the environment. They

primarily aim to protect and conserve the fauna and flora found in the country. Nationalistic

Symbolic Patriots refers to the individuals who are faithful and have a high sense of dedication

toward their country. They are fascinated in surpassing and competing with other countries to

be superior to them.

17
PATRIOTISM IN THE PHILIPPINES

There was a point in Philippine History when Patriotism and Nationalism coincided.

According to Delos Santos (n.d.), Philippine Nationalism was born out of patriotic sentiments

and nationalistic ideal as the product of the 1872 to 1892 Filipino Propaganda Movement. The

Philippine Revolution of 1896, which became the first Asian nationalist revolution, was fueled by

patriotic sentiments and nationalistic ideal. For about three hundred thirty three (333) years the

Philippines was colonized by the Spaniards. At the early part, many revolts occurred but only

because of personal discontent and territorial defense; there was no united front against the

Spaniards at that time. It was only at the later part when Philippine Nationalism was developed.

Luis Rodriguez Varela, a Filipino Creole, was one of the first men who demonstrated

Philippine Nationalism and Patriotism. However at his time, the term ―Filipino‖ pertains to

Spaniards born in the Philippines and not the native inhabitants. Varela studied in France

during the Age of Enlightenment and applied the lessons he learned to the problems of the

Philippines. In his book, Historic Proclamation he called for equal rights for both the Spaniards

and the native inhabitants, which slowly made the term ―Filipino‖ applicable to anyone born in

the Philippines. The Spanish authority disapproved of his actions and ordered for his exile

(Delos Santos, n.d.; Roces, 2010). However, Varela‘s effort did not go to waste because his

works inspired another Creole, Padre Palaez who championed for the rights of Filipino priests

and lead the movement on the secularization of the Philippine parishes. His life was cut short by

an earthquake but his advocacies were carried on by one of his disciples, Jose Burgos. Burgos

in turn died, together with Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora, in the infamous Cavite mutiny.

From thereafter, history witnessed one of the events that ignited the patriotic and nationalistic

spirit in the young mind of Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the National Hero of the Philippines (Delos Santos,

n.d.). One of Rizal's novels, El Filibusterismo, was dedicated to the memory of Gomburza.

18
Together with his first novel, Noli Me Tangere, Rizal gave a new voice to the plight of the

Filipinos that became one of the catalysts of the Philippine revolution (Roces, 2010).

Aside from Rizal, numerous personalities such as Andres Bonifacio, Gregorio del Pilar,

Emilio Aguinaldo, and the likes were also awoken from the deleterious claws of the Spaniards

and started to fight for the Philippines. Through their works and visions, the course of Philippine

history was revolutionized. Their patriotic sentiments and nationalistic ideals became the

imperative impetus that led to the success of the 1896 Philippine Revolution (Delos Santos,

n.d.).

However, aside from the long list of historical personalities that are often found in

textbooks and other reading materials, the Philippines actually has more heroes that people

expected. These so called "forgotten people" in the Philippine history find themselves more

useful as undercovers instead of being the central character of the battles fought in the

Philippines. They did what seem to be minor yet equally significant tasks and are rarely

discussed in history. Nonetheless, those unsung heroes, as Delos Santos (n.d.) asserts, should

be recognized for their heroic deeds, martyrdoms, and patrotic sentiments.

One of those unsung heroes is Tandang Sora, who is yet to be declared as a National

Hero by the National Historical Commission. In the Philippine history, Tandang Sora, also

known as the ―Mother of Katipunan,‖ willingly helped the Katipuneros in their fight against the

Spaniards. Tandang Sora granted her humble home as a meeting place and shelter for the

Katipuneros although she knows that they are at risk of being captured by the enemy. The

elderly tended to the sick and wounded, providing them with anything that her small store has.

Although Tandang Sora did not fight in the war, she demonstrated her love for the country by

supporting the revolutionaries with whatever means she can provide. Tandang Sora can be

19
considered as a symbol of patriotism, a supportive and proud member of the Philippines who

was more than willing to risk her life for the country‘s sake.

PATRIOTISM IN NATION BUILDING

Patriotism strengthens its essence as one of necessities of one‘s individuals, as well as

for group survival, as rooted and based on the proposed socio-biological theory of Johnson

(1986, 1987, and 1989). He stated that patriotism has a crucial part and important mechanism

to play in uniting and holding large-scale societies collectively. He also explained that patriotism

enables integration, which functions as a foundation for solidarity. Additionally, it leads to self-

sacrifice for the common good of the group which is considered as the most important.

Patriotic beliefs have always been playing a vital function and role in the life of the

individuals in the group. The concept that beliefs and attitudes fulfill different necessities and

prerequisites for different people is not a new one. In the past years, a lot of studies has been

released and proposed by many social psychologists and sociologists with regards to the

function and purpose of beliefs and attitudes. Besides of its fundamental functions of the beliefs

of beliefs and attitude which is to deliver meaningful and profound structure of the world for the

individuals, they are also similarly to help and oblige in serving other personal and group needs.

Moreover, it is highlighted that various social systems have various necessities which is

fulfilled by the beliefs and attitudes possessed by its group members (Bar-Tal, 1990; Lane,

1973). For instance, one of the crucial functions of beliefs is to describe and define the

boundaries of the group. With regards to this, belief system allows the construction and creation

of social identity. As a conclusion, patriotic beliefs serve both the personal needs of the group its

members as well as the prerequisites of the group as a social system.

20
 In a specific point of view pertaining to primary role of patriotic beliefs, the sense of

belongingness and identifications are one of its personal functions. From his theory of

motivation, Abraham Maslow (1954) stated that the sense and feeling of ―belongingness‖ is a

basic human need. Given the fact that influential and determinative part in personal survival,

individuals endeavor for a place for themselves; in a sense that that they want to be associated

and connected, to be part of social unit and establish meaningful relations, which is patriotic

beliefs gratify this need. The sense of shared attachment is connected to a strong feeling of

belonging. Patriotic beliefs do not only fortify and intensifying the sense of belongingness, but

also helps to shape the description of an individual‘s social identity. As a matter of fact, the

sense of belongingness and social identity has a correlation and related to each other. Social

identity can be rooted and shaped on the basis of sense of belongingness. As Hogg and

Abrahams (1988) pointed out:

Identity, specifically social identity, and group belonginess are inextricably

linked in the sense that one‘s conception or definition of who one is (one‘s

identity) is largely composed of self-descriptions in forms of the defining

characteristics of social group to which one belongs. This belonginess is

psychological; it is not merely knowledge of a group‘s attributes. Identification

with a social group is a psychological state very different from merely being

designed as falling into one social category or another. It is phenomenologically

real and has important self-evaluative consequence.

Furthermore, there are also three evident group functions of patriotic beliefs. These are

unity, cohesiveness, and mobilization.

Unity is a necessary and important for a group existence. The shared similarities that

they have are what makes them united and ought to believe as a group. Unity implies that they

are belonging to one social entity or a group. Patriotic beliefs strengthen the sense of harmony

21
among its group members who has the same affection to the same group and country.

Regardless of possible disparity and differences between in its group members such as in

ideologies, attitudes, goals, or values, patriotic beliefs are one of elements which underlie

general similarity and substantiate unity.

Moreover, patriotism augments the integration and feelings of camaraderie and

minimizes differences by emphasizing on the similarities and adherence. In describing the

identity of the individuals, patriotic beliefs draw the line between ingroup and outgroups. They

unite group members thorough focusing and highlighting their similarities in contrast to

outgroups. Patriotic beliefs provide criteria in distinguishing between ingroup and outgroup.

Denoting that these beliefs are possessed by the ingroup while on the other hand, those who

belongs to outgroups do not have. These said beliefs can only be found to the group members.

Second, cohesiveness, personal willingness is one of the most important characteristics

to be part of an existing group. As social scientists described that willingness can be also

considered as group‘s cohesiveness. The resultant of all the forces acting on members to

remain in the group (Festinger, 1950, 274). The idea of cohesiveness is the manifestation and

representation of the fundamental feature of sense of belongingness.

Patriotism can be perceived as a driving force to the members to remain in the group.

The affection through love, care and fealty makes the group members to bond and keep.

Patriotic beliefs can also be used as indicator of strength. It can be concluded that the stronger

patriotic beliefs, the more cohesive of the group. The correlation between patriotism and

cohesiveness is further explained by Turner (1987, 59), he explained:

That group cohesion or mutual attraction between ingroup members is a

function of mutually perceived similarity (identity) between self and others in

terms of the defining characteristics of the ingroup self-category.

22
 Additionally, Hogg and Abrams (1998) have also related idea that similarities shared with

other people will intensifies the social attraction of the group. When group members know the

shared attachment towards the group and the country; this commonality provides as a basis for

feeling of similarity. Patriotic beliefs increase the sense of similarity and level of attraction to the

group. They also implied that an individual who does not confidence, is the manifestation that

he/she does not want to belong in the group and the group does not provide him/her a positive

reference. The more group members who experience the same feeling, the less cohesive is the

group.

Lastly, mobilization, patriotic beliefs mobilize its members to execute actions for its

group. They have a significant role to play which they serve as a motivator to the members in

functioning as one group. Patriotism pushes an individual to become concerned about his/her

surroundings and to other people, to do initiatives for the welfare and protection of the group.

Without such actions, the group will not exist. Patriotism is cognitive-affective force, which do

not only bond the individuals together but also it gives the necessary ideology, explanation and

justification for the actions. The objectives of an individual vary from individual to an individual

as well as it changes over period of time. Also, some of people have different degree of

willingness to commit themselves and their objectives as they consider as most important. But

in contrary, regardless of the differences mentioned, the common aim of patriotism is willingly to

do something for the benefit of the society and country, even though it may contain personal

effort.

ACCULTURATION AND ITS LINKS TO PATRIOTISM

Around a century ago, the concept of acculturation existed as its earliest literature dates

back to 1936 (Berry, 2005). Acculturation, as introduced by Redfield, Linton and Herskowits, is

23
defined as the phenomenon that resulted when groups having different cultures come into

continuous contact, with consecutive changes in the original culture patterns of either or both

groups (Titarenko, 2016). Another definition is that acculturation is the cultural change that is

initiated by the conjunction of two or more autonomous cultural systems. Its dynamics can be

seen as the selective adaptation of value systems, the processes of integration and

differentiation, the generation of developmental sequences, and the operation of role

determinants and personality factors (SSRC, 1954; as cited in Lakey, 2003). Hughes and

Kroehler (2005) defined acculturation as a phenomenon that occurs when the cultural elements

of one group change in the direction of another group. Accordingly, Kottak (2005) defined

acculturation as a mechanism of cultural change brought about by the exchange of cultural

features as a result of groups having continuous contact. Locke and Bailey (2013) emphasized

that acculturation happens between a dominant and minority culture; the dominant culture

influences the members of the minority culture to adjust their original cultural beliefs, values and

behaviors.

Berry (2005) formulated the four strategies of acculturation to explain the long-term

outcomes of the process. (1) Integration is the process of adopting a dominant culture while

retaining the heritage culture. (2) Separation is the rejection of dominant culture and retention of

heritage culture. (3) Assimilation is the adoption of the dominant culture and rejection of heritage

culture. (4) Marginalization is the rejection of both cultures. In contrary, Locke and Bailey (2013)

suggest a different classification of acculturated individuals. (1) Bicultural is an individual who is

as confident as the member of the dominant culture while still adherent to the value systems

and norms of his culture. (2) Traditional is an individual who is adherent to the value systems

and norms of their own culture while rejecting those of a dominant culture. (3) Acculturated is an

individual who abandoned values of his own culture and adopted the values of a dominant

culture. (4) Marginal is an individual who is little or non-adherent to either of the cultures. On the

24
other hand, Bogardus (1949) mentioned the three major types of acculturation: accidental,

forced and democratic. Accidental acculturation occurs in the context of close proximity, when

people from different cultures trade goods and services and thus, unintentionally adopts culture

patterns of one another. Forced acculturation results from imposition of beliefs and behaviors of

culture other than one‘s own. Democratic acculturation refers to people‘s freedom and equality

in terms of adopting or rejecting any culture.

In a study made by Schwartz (n.d.) about acculturation and well-being done on first –

and second-generation immigrant college students, acknowledgement of the United States can

connect with happiness and satisfaction for some reasons; also, patriotism and the claim of an

American identity may elicit approval from one‘s peers.

THREATS TO FILIPINO PATRIOTISM

The causality of the interaction of the state can be primarily seen and rooted to the

dramatic and predominantly advancement of globalization processes. These processes enable

the individual to identify themselves as a citizen of a specific country and as well as providing

numerous opportunities and potentials socio-political aspect. In the modern times, as an

individual encounter and faces sociological issues such as the formation of oneself identity,

diffusion of different cultures, and patriotic awareness becomes important and vital, which these

matters allow to cultivate and incubate the fundamental values of the nation and ensuring its

preservation. Additionally, another alarming problem that brought by the globalization is the

fascination and captivation with the West - its culture, norms, lifestyle, fashion, music,

technology and etcetera. Due to the admiration of the Western‘s sophistication in cultural and

technological aspects, these things lead to copying and imitating some of its prominent and

sensational manifestations. It can be the cause of an individual to contempt and disdain their

25
own culture and identity as an individual citizen of his/her country, as well as setting aside the

national heritage, history, and traditions. Some of the cultural differences denoted in behavioral

aspect and the way of perception are often becomes the source of mortification rather than

pride.

The most eminent menace to the patriotic values are the following: national nihilism

and cosmopolitanism. First, national nihilism refers to persistent pursuance and producing large

amount of goods that leads to aversion and disregarding to any national values and being

apathetic in the relationship towards with the home country. It is the stage wherein an individual

repudiates the history, culture, traditions and as well as alienating him/herself to

the homeland. On the other hand, cosmopolitanism can be the result and effect

rooted to nihilism, it gives an individual to defined him/herself as a citizen of the

world and categorize that he or she belongs to a certain human race. It is evidently

demonstrated in the treatment of their own people as well as from the other countries, which

both of these is directly used as a tool and instrument for achieving personal aspirations and

gains.

Modern identity crisis does not only affect the millennial, but rather it can also

protract in a wider point of view or scale which specifically the whole society. The reason for this

is that the affairs in state are dynamic and continuously changing from time to time in different

contexts. The diversity of these changes covers a lot in our daily lives which obviously can be

the causes of serious conflicts in adapting to them.

HALLYU IN THE CONTEXT OF PATRIOTISM

The Philippines, a country composed of ethnic groups, has been colonized by other

countries for many years thus making it a unique case to study. National Identity or Filipino

26
Identity per say is a type of identity that differentiates members of the country from others.

Members of a country with a well- constructed national identity are convinced that they share

the same history and culture, thus making them have to defend it together (You, 2011).

After its independence, the Philippines has been long struggling to pursue a national

identity. There is confusion on National identity as a result of post-colonial discourse. The

Philippines is confronted by a problem, as US influence is still part of its national identity. The

Americanization is largely caused by US manifesting power in the globalized world. This proves

that Filipino Identity is awfully fragile and vulnerable (You, 2011).

National Identity plays a huge part in Nationalism and Patriotism. Nathanson (1997)

mentioned that one of patriotism‘s main components is an individual defining himself or herself

through his or her country. Omonijo (2015) claims that national identity is a major characteristic

of patriotism and nationalism as both nationalist and patriots identify themselves as member of

the country. Bar-Tal (1997) asserts that national identity and patriotism are connected with each

other therefore there is an effect when one shifts or is unstable.

In the Philippine context, patriotism is seen in a unique way. According to the study of

(Camiloza, n.d.) Filipinos are ambiguous on the concept of patriotism, and this vagueness is

rooted on the country‘s experience of decades of colonization. That experience distorted the

patriotism of Filipinos. However, the moment Filipinos learned to stand up against the colonizers

and fought hand in hand, the spirit of Filipino patriotism was born. Colonial exploitation became

the seed to Filipino patriotism; it led to national consciousness, the birth of Filipino nation, and

consequently, of Filipino patriotism.

However, this hard-earned spirit of patriotism is being threatened by foreign products –

one of which is Hallyu. On a study conducted by Jo, Yoo and Jung (2014) about the effects of

television viewing on cultural aspects, it showed that one of the effects of viewing Korean drama

27
is its massive contribution in shaping a positive attitude towards Korea in the viewers‘ minds; the

very same aim of the Korean government (Sung, 2010). Furthermore, this positive attitude

urged the viewers to develop behavioral intentions such as visiting Korea and buying Korean

products (Jo, Yoo, & Jung, 2014) which would eventually lead to the derogation of the viewers‘

patriotism.

ANTI-HALLYU SENTIMENTS AND THE GROUNDS FOR A HALLYU

BACKLASH

In an in-depth case study conducted by Ainslie, Lipura, and Lim (2017), they identified

three main reasons for a potential Hallyu backlash. These are (a) perceptions of colonial-esque

attitudes and cultural imperialism from Korea, (b) the movement of Hallyu from an innovative

new ‗high culture‘ to a static and out-of-date ‗low culture,‘ and (c) the increasing availability of

new and different international products that threaten to take over Hallyu.

As stated first on the list, consumers from Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand

suggest that these anti-Hallyu sentiments might have emerged from the speculation that the

products from South Korea echo colonialist and orientalist practices. For them, Hallyu’s

promotion and even packaging functions as an explicit manifestation of South Korean imperialist

and superiority mindset. Second on the list, Hallyu is now regarded as a ‗mainstream product‘

from its ‗niche‘ product status a few years ago. It no longer occupies the spotlight for

breakthrough products. From being a ‗high culture‘ – one which is characterized with new,

original, and top-notch products – Hallyu is now seen as ‗low culture‘ – characterized with its

low-class, unappealing, and common products. One of the main reasons behind this is the

widespread nature of Korean products in Asian countries – they can be seen in almost every

28
place in those countries – increasing the tendency of people to feel bored and uninterested with

the products being offered. Another reason why Hallyu is experiencing a breakdown from ‗high

culture‘ to ‗low culture,‘ according to consumers‘ testimonies, is its decreasing value and quality

as compared to its original form. Lastly, recent changes in the global sphere had led to

substantial economic improvement, which was brought about by the international investments of

those countries in other foreign countries. As a result, those countries had opened their borders

to other nationalities, bringing international pop culture products with them. These foreign

products pose a challenge to Korean products as they compete globally with them. Moreover,

these foreign products are deemed by the consumers from said regions as equally or even

better than those of Hallyu.

Additionally, although in a lesser extent, some of the reasons why people rejected Hallyu

include; Hallyu is viewed as too mainstream, it is a threat to a pure state, it is eventually tiring

due to the lack of innovation, and it is repetitive and lacks authenticity (Ainslie, Lipura, & Lim,

2017).

SUMMARY

The massive popularity of Hallyu is undeniable – Korean products of all kinds can now

be seen from every corner of the world, including the Philippines. It is quite observable that

majority of the Filipino people has patronized products that are made from South Korea. From

tangible products such as jewelries, clothes, and make-ups to intangible products such as music

and drama, Hallyu has won the heart of the Filipinos.

Furthermore, the shift from Mexican soap operas, to Japanese anime, and recently, to

Korean drama, has shown that Filipinos are very flexible in terms of their preferences. Filipino

people have grown accustomed to foreign products entering their country that it has become a

29
normal everyday scene. This proliferation of Korean products in the Philippines is a

manifestation of the strong Filipino patronage towards these products, to the extent of

disregarding domestically-produced ones.

However, the increasing number of dissatisfied customers is also noteworthy. Although

there have been some studies that show several reasons behind this potential backlash, such

studies are done through a costumer‘s perspective only. One study conducted by Ainslie,

Lipura, and Lim did tap the potential correlation of Hallyu and patriotism; however, it failed to dig

deeper into the causes and effects of such correlation, and whether Hallyu is becoming a threat

to the people‘s spirit of patriotism. In addition, the said study relied only on the subjective

perceptions of the participants and failed to provide an objective picture from the participants.

The development of Filipino Patriotism already has a long background and consists of

many stages, from the invasion of the Spaniards, to the shift of control to the Americans and the

occupation of the Japanese during the Second World War. In the modern times, the Filipino

Patriotism is entering a new stage and is currently facing an issue regarding the rise of Hallyu

and how will it affect the sense of patriotism in the Philippines.

From these gaps, the researchers became interested in looking at this causal

relationship The probable relationships include: (a) the overgrowing patronage of Filipinos,

specifically of the youth, to Korean products is becoming a threat to their sense of patriotism, (b)

Hallyu might pose an enormous, and even serious effect to the way Filipino youth perceive their

country, (c) Hallyu might damage the youth‘s pride for their country, and (d) Hallyu can be a

reason for protests in the long run due to its possibility of affecting the sense of patriotism and

the Filipino people patronizing Korean products, tangible or intangible, that can lead to its own

backlash. These relationships, as part of this paper's aims and objectives, could be proven by

30
looking through the concept of patriotism, its current state in the Philippines and how Hallyu

affects the spirit of patriotism in students.

To sum it up, the main reason why the researchers consider this causal relationship

between watching South Korean TV Drama and patriotism is because of its evident nature in

the Philippines, especially to the youth. Searching for and proving this relationship is very

significant as it may pose a threat to Filipinos‘ sense of patriotism – which may lead to serious

impacts to different aspects, once unattended.

31
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

PARTICIPANTS

The study focuses on Senior High School students of the University of the East

Caloocan specifically the Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences students. Ten (10) students

will be selected through a purposive sampling procedure in which the researchers will look for

five (5) Korean drama fans and five (5) non-Korean drama fans in the HUMSS strand.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

There will only be one data collection method to be used in this particular study. The

method is a direct interaction with the selected participants through individual interviews. The

whole interview will have a one-on-one process in which one interviewer will interact with a

single participant. The interviewer will ask the participant while handling the audio recorder,

which will record the answers delivered by the participant. The researchers chose this method

because it will allow them to know if watching South Korean TV Drama affects students‘ patriotic

sentiment towards their own country through an in-depth conversation with them. A set of ten

(10) questions will be asked to each participant with probing questions if the need arises. The

set of questions that will be asked to the Korean drama fans and non-Korean drama fans is

paralleled with each other.

32
RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers use a qualitative study with a comparative research design in order to

deepen their understanding about the possible causal relationship of Korean drama

consumption and patriotism. The researchers believe that by using a comparative study, it could

help them form a clearer view when analyzing and finding not just the correlation, but also the

possible causation of the Korean drama consumption and patriotism from two different

perspectives from Korean drama fans and non-fans.

To analyze the data, the researchers will utilize two distinct kinds of analysis: (a) KJ

Analysis, and (b) Discourse Analysis. KJ Analysis will be used in segregating, categorizing and

labeling the raw data that would be obtained from the interview conducted with the participants.

Discourse Analysis will be applied in analyzing the structure and linguistic nuances of the

participants‘ answers.

33
 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

In this chapter, the results gathered from conducting an in-depth interview with each

participant were presented. Two paralleled interview questions were used in gathering the data

– one for the Korean TV drama fans and the other for the non-fans.

Three variables were determined using the instrument: (a) the level of pride for being a

Filipino and towards the Philippines, (b) the context and reason behind K-drama consumption

and non-fans‘ perception to it, and (c) the incorporation of South Korean cultural influence in the

Philippines and the participants‘ perception to it.

Using an in-depth interview with ten (10) participants, which were conducted individually,

the researchers were able to gather the following data which will be utilized in answering the

question, ―How does watching Korean TV drama affect the patriotism of Grade 12 HUMSS

students in University of the East – Caloocan?‖

The Participants

The participants‘ age ranged from 17 to 19 years old, and of the ten participants, six (6)

were females and four (4) were males. Five of the interviewees are fans of South Korean TV

Drama, while the other five interviewees are non-fans. The the names, ages, and groups the

participants belong to could be seen in Table 1.

34
 NAME AGE SEX GROUP

Bartolome 18 Male Non-fan

Pedro 17 Male Non-fan

Laura 19 Female Non-fan

Maria 18 Female Non-fan

Imelda 17 Female Non-fan

Minho 17 Male Fan

Gong Yoo 17 Male Fan

Shin Hye 18 Female Fan

Suli 18 Female Fan

Yoona 18 Female Fan

Table 1: Demographic Profile of Participants

THEMES AND RESULTS

I-A. Perception towards the Philippines as altered by Filipino TV drama

Fan

Four of the participants, namely Gong Yoo, Suli, Minho, and Yoona answered that

their perception towards Philippines is not changed by watching Filipino TV drama, with

the exception of Yoona who did not encounter the question. Suli asserted that in watching

Filipino TV drama, it is more sided on being rated as Strong Parental Guidance (SPG). Minho

explained that the current state of the Philippines, reality speaking, is also the same current

state of his country as portrayed in Filipino TV drama. He also added that the reason behind his

answer is "sa perception tungkol siguro sa aspect ng film industry." Lastly, Yoona

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reasoned "makikita mo yung sistema nila sa bansa nila...and yet maiisip mo na bakit di

pwede iapply sa bansa natin para mas maging develop tayo."

Non-fan

In light of this question, four of the participants, namely Bartolome, Maria, Suli, and

Laura agreed that Filipino TV drama alter their perception towards the Philippines, while

Pedro was not asked. For Maria, Filipino TV drama shows the spirit of joyfulness in every

Filipino through various Filipino variety shows. Suli said that her perception towards the

Philippines was altered by Filipino TV drama in both positive and negative ways – although

those TV drama presents the beauty of the tourist spots in the Philippines, some drama that

portray the negative side of the Filipinos makes her perception negative. Laura, although at first

she mistakenly asserted that her perception is not changed, said that she is affected in a better

way. Bartolome reasoned that "yung South Korean TV drama yung nagiging standard mo"

and not the Filipino TV drama.

Comparison

For non Korean drama fans Bartolome, Laura, Maria and Imelda stated that their

perceptions have changed but in a better way through the national resources, tourist

spots, and traits of Filipinos like “yung mga tao, parang happy lang” that are shown in

Filipino drama. However, Imelda also stated that Filipino drama could affect others negatively

since some Filipino drama storylines usually revolve around “mistress[es]”.

36
 For Korean drama fans Minho, Shin Hye, Gong Yoo and Suli, they stated that their

perceptions have not changed since they are already aware of the happenings in real life

that are mimicked in Filipino drama.

I-B. Pride for Local Products

Fan

When the participants were asked whether or not they are proud of the products

made in the Philippines, four of the K-drama fans said “yes” while one fan was not asked

with the question. Suli said that she is proud of the local products for its high quality and

durability. Minho said that he is “proud na proud” because “pinagbuhusan ng enerhiya,

energy, ng effort, pinagbuhusan talaga siya ng effort yung mga produkto natin.” Shin

Hye, on the other hand, said “Proud, kasi ang galing diba kasi hanggang ngayon pati yung

mga dating products mayroon din kasi mga stores na pang Filipino tapos binebenta sa

airport tapos binibili ng mga dayuhan.” Lastly, Gong Yoo said “Syempre, mapapakita mo

naman na proud ka kapag sinuportahan mo siya. Kapag mayroon iPhone di kaya or

cellphone ng Pilipinas, syempre kung bibilhin mo yung product ng Philippines.”

Non-fan

Only three of the non-fans were asked whether or not they are proud of the products

made in the Philippines. Bartolome said that he is proud because “magaling tayo, magaling

ang mga Pilipino sa pagcraft, sa mga crafts at nakikilala na rin yung mga Filipino crafts

even sa ibang bansa gaya nung sa pineapple na textile.” On the other hand, Pedro said

“Mas proud ako sa atin kasi may Chinese. Ito yung nagparealize sakin na mas maganda

37
pa rin ung products natin among chinese products.” Lastly, Maria said that she is

“sobrang proud” of the Philippines, reasoning that “nasa kalidad kasi yan hindi naman sa;

of course lagi tayong nag eexport ng goods katulad nalang ng mga dried mangoes tapos

nakilala siya sa ibang bansa kasi usually tatak natin mga Filipino „yun.”

Comparison

All of the participants who were asked of the question – namely, Suli, Minho, Shin

Hyee, Gong Yoo, Pedro, Bartolome, and Maria – said that they are proud of the local

products made in the Philippines. Their pride, however, varies in degree. Some said that they

are “very proud” while the others said that they are “proud.” This pride for local products,

however, does not encompass TV drama, as shown in the participants‘ answers in the second

main question of the interview.

II-A. Preference for TV Drama

Fan

The participants were asked about their preferred TV drama. Four out of five Korean

drama fans answered that they prefer watching Korean TV drama. Generally, the factors

that they considered were the storyline of Korean drama which are different, unpredictable, and

unique. Minho also disclosed that Korean drama offer a lot of twists which are rooted in deep

and critical conceptualization of the production. Conversely, Gong Yoo preferred watching

Filipino TV drama, stating that, “mas makakarelate ako tsaka sa lahat ng mga drama na

iyon and of course, medyo naranasan ko yung iba.”

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 Additionally, as a follow up question, they were asked what the factors or qualities are

that prompts them to watch preferred drama. For the Korean drama fans, Minho explained

that the actors of Korean TV drama undergo a rigorous and extensive training and preparations

before they become a professional actor. He also focused on the technological advancement

and quality of the films.

Non-fan

On the other hand, four out of five non-fans choose Filipino TV drama over Korean

TV drama. Most of them reasoned out that Filipino TV drama are more relatable in the aspects

of the usage and medium of language and actors who portray the roles and involve in the

drama. Pedro put a stress on how he admires Filipino TV drama and he also shared that as a

future film maker, he wants to witness Filipinos will admire and patronize his own works. Laura

chose Filipino TV drama over Korean TV drama because, "mas nakaka-relate ako kapag

Pinoy yung gumawa...lalo na mas naiintindihan." However, one non-fan, Bartolome, did not

state his preference when it comes to TV drama, but he emphasized that Korean drama project

excitement, can never be easily tired to watch, and not cliché compared to Filipino TV drama.

Comparison

Comparing the non-Korean drama fans, Laura chose Filipino TV drama the Korean TV

drama primarily because the production is from the Philippines and she also said that it is

should be one of the things that they should feel proud as Filipinos. Pedro also considered the

factor of how the Filipino TV drama demonstrates truthfulness to the viewers. Lastly, Maria

believes that Filipino TV drama and films serve as a way in showing the distinctiveness of

Filipino identity. She also said that there is nothing wrong if Filipinos will exhibit their

39
creativity in Filipino TV drama and films, which she believes that this will be the way on how

the Filipinos will avoid imitating and copying foreign films and drama.

II-B. Expenditures for Korean and Filipino TV drama merchandise

Fan

Korean drama fans were asked if they have already spent their money or bought

Korean merchandise. Shin Hye mentioned that one time, she bought, a Korean beverage,

Soju, worth 80 pesos. Her reason was because she wants to try the taste and she have seen it

in different Korean drama. She also considers this as her most expensive Korean drama

merchandise she bought, while Suli have already spent on some merchandises made from

South Korea, which was five times. She also added that the most expensive Korean drama

merchandise that she bought was worth 200 pesos. The rest of the participants stated that they

have not yet bought any Korean TV drama merchandise. Minho, particularly explained that he

does not spend his money, but rather saving it. Gong Yoo said that instead of buying Korean

drama merchandise, he will just support Filipino products, and reasoned that "pag bumili ka ng

merchandise, kalaunan, malalaos na din, so yung binili mo sayang lang." Moreover,

Yoona believes that the trending factor of merchandise will fade away as time goes and

considering it as a waste of money. She also mentioned that she would rather buy her basic

needs rather than spending expensive Korean drama merchandise.

Non-fan

For the set of non-Korean drama fans, they were asked about their perception

towards to the Korean drama fans who usually buy Korean (TV drama) merchandise.

40
There were variations and differences of perception on how they perceive Korean drama fans.

Bartolome and Suli emphasized the concept of practicality. Bartolome emphasized that instead

of buying expensive Korean drama merchandise, Korean drama fans should also consider

applying practicality such as printing the picture of your idols by their own or downloading the

songs directly instead of buying album. Laura understands the feeling of Korean drama fans

who usually spend their money for different merchandise because she also experiences the

same as well, she believes that it brings happiness to them. Maria stated that patronizing and

putting the attention foreign products is not a total disadvantage, but she also believes that

Filipinos should also consider supporting local products. Lastly, Pedro said that he does not

have any problems, but he has concerns with it. He shared that he usually teases his friends

wherein he mentioned “ayan nanood ng ganito pero hindi nanood ng ganitong TV series,

Filipino „yon. Mas inuuna pa ung panonood K-drama.”

Comparison

Both of the two sets of participants were presented a question wherein if they would

consider buying Filipino TV drama merchandise. Four out of ten participants from the

both groups who are Minho, Pedro, Gong Yoo and Laura said yes. They have mentioned that

they will consider buying Filipino TV drama merchandise depending on the degree on how

fanatic and admirer on a specific drama. Minho said that, "kung sobrang fan ako siguro ng

drama na „yun, siguro bibili ako kapag may pera ako." Maria, a non-Korean drama fan, said

that her willingness to spend her money will be contingent on the cause of the merchandise

or if its profit will be donated in a certain charity. Imelda and Bartolome, who are both non-

Korean drama fans participants, said that they do not consider buying any merchandise of

Filipino TV drama. Imelda explained that she does not have any intentions to spend her own

money on merchandise. On the other hand, Bartolome still remains in putting an emphasis on

41
the concept of practicality, reasoning that purchasing merchandise is tantamount to

"nagsasayang ng ano, pera". Lastly, Yoona, Shin Hye and Suli, who are Korean drama fans,

have the same sentiments in buying Filipino TV drama merchandise. They pointed out that

buying Filipino TV drama are as follows: (1) awkward (cited from Suli‟s statement), (2) waste

of money (mentioned by Yoona) and will be considered as a „jejemon‟. Yoona also

expounded that buying merchandise of Filipino TV drama will not be useful and functional in

daily life.

III-A. Influence of South Korean Culture

Fan

In considering the influence of South Korean culture to K-Drama fans, three of the

participants, namely; Minho, Suli and Yoona agreed that they are being influenced. However,

only Minho and Suli directly said that they are consciously being influenced. Shin Hye gave

two answers; consciously influenced, because she embraces and uses the Korean

language, which she finds “cute,” and unconsciously because she is not aware that she is

constantly changing her wallpaper with faces of Korean actors and the songs that she

downloaded are all by Park Bo Gum. Meanwhile, Gong Yoo said that he is unconsciously

being influenced because in some instances, he uses the Korean language in casual

conversations.

When asked regarding the perception of this influence, Shin Hye, Suli and Yoona

directly said that they perceive these cultural influences as positive. Shin Hye said that she

don‟t see anything wrong with those influences, while Suli and Yoona both reasoned that

they gain knowledge from South Korean culture that they would have not learned otherwise.

The remaining two participants, namely Minho and Gong Yoo gave two answers. Minho said

42
that those influences are more on the positive side since he is able to learn good manners

and good values, while those are negative because of the presence of the concept of

social approval. Gong Yoo mentioned that it is positive in a way because it helps people to

learn their language for if the need arises to go abroad, they have some of the needed

knowledge already and is also considered negative because he implied that Filipinos tend to

use the Korean Language than their own language.

Non-fan

While for the non K-Drama fans, four of the participants, namely; Bartolome, Pedro,

Maria, and Laura, agreed that the said fans are being influenced. However, only Maria and

Laura directly said that the fans are consciously being influenced. Bartolome mentioned his

classmate, Kimchi, as one of the concrete examples of a K-Drama fan that is influenced by

the South Korean culture, which is indirectly paralleled to the answer of Pedro implying that

the display of certain actions of K-Drama fans shows the said influence. Laura explained

that K-Drama fans are able to recognize whether or not they are influenced by the South

Korean culture, which is usually manifested through their actions, in terms of Korean

practices such as dining etiquette. Maria, meanwhile, said that the South Korean culture

can be considered as a form of a basis for the K-Drama fans‟ actions. The other

participant, Imelda, said that the K-Drama fans are being influenced by the South Korean

culture in an unconscious manner. Both Maria and Imelda cited that K-Drama fans are

being influenced by the South Korean culture through their conscious use of Korean

phrases or the Korean language itself.

When the perception was asked to the non-fans regarding the influence, only Imelda

and Laura gave a direct answer; Imelda implying that the influence is considered positive,

43
since the South Korean culture is a source of new knowledge, while Laura implied that the

influence is negative due to the loss of pride and love for Filipino products. The other

three participants, namely Bartolome, Pedro, and Maria, perceived the influence as both

positive and negative. Bartolome explained that it is positive due to his assumption that

the South Korean Culture can help improve the fans‟ skills in dancing. However,

Bartolome also implied that, at some point, it shows the discrepancies in the fans‟

recognition and knowledge about South Korean Culture vis-à-vis Filipino Culture. Pedro

said that his perception on the influence vary on the context; stating that it is positive if the

fans‟ use it as a tool for self-improvement while it is negative if it will cause identity loss of

K-drama fans. Maria discussed that it is acceptable to discover new things while it is also

considered negative once the fans forget their own culture.

Comparison

Four K-drama fans, Suli, Minho, Yoona, and Suli declared that they are being

influenced consciously by Korean TV Drama while three non K-drama fans, namely

Bartolome, Maria and Laura, assumed that K-drama fans were being inluenced consciously

by Korean TV drama. Shin Hye mentioned that she is consciously being influenced because

she fully embraces the culture because she finds it cute. Laura‘s assumption was

strengthened by the statement that Shin Hye gave.

Two K-drama fans, namely Gong Yoo and also, Shin Hye said that they were being

influenced by the culture of South Korea in an unconscious manner. They both mentioned

that they just noticed that they were being influenced and its manifestations include through

casual converstations, particularly Gong Yoo, and through songs and wallpapers,

particularly Shin Hye. In light of this, the statement of Imelda and Maria regarding K-drama

44
fans being influenced with its manifestations through the use of the Korean phrases or

language itself is proven to be true based on the statement of Gong Yoo.

III-B. Perception on the Influence of South Korean Culture

Fan

When asked regarding their perception of this influence, Shin Hye, Suli and Yoona

directly said that they perceive these cultural influences as positive. Shin Hye said that

she don‘t see anything wrong with those influences, while Suli and Yoona both reasoned that

they gain knowledge from South Korean culture that they would have not learned otherwise.

The remaining two participants, namely Minho and Gong Yoo gave two answers. Minho said

that those influences are more on the positive side since he is able to learn good manners

and good values, while those are negative because of the presence of the concept of social

approval. Gong Yoo mentioned that it is positive in a way because it helps people to learn

their language for if the need arises to go abroad, they have some of the needed knowledge

already and is also considered negative because he implied that Filipinos tend to use the

Korean Language than their own language.

Non-fan

When asked regarding their perception of this influence, only Imelda and Laura

gave a direct answer; Imelda implying that the influence is considered positive, since the

South Korean culture is a source of new knowledge, while Laura implied that the influence is

negative due to the loss of pride and love for Filipino products. The other three participants,

namely Bartolome, Pedro, and Maria, perceived the influence as both positive and negative.

Bartolome explained that it is positive due to his assumption that the South Korean Culture can

45
help improve the fans‟ skills in dancing. However, Bartolome also implied that, at some

point, it shows the discrepancies in the fans‟ recognition and knowledge about South

Korean culture vis-à-vis Filipino culture. Pedro said that his perception on the influence

vary on the context; stating that it is positive if the fans‘ use it as a tool for self-improvement

while it is negative if it will cause identity loss of K-drama fans. Maria discussed that it is

acceptable to discover new things while it is also considered negative once the fans

forget their own culture.

Comparison

In terms of the positive influence brought about by watching Korean TV drama, all

K-drama fans and three non K-drama fans, namely Bartolome, Maria, and Imelda, inferred

that the South Korean influence is a source of new knowledge. Bartolome mentioned that,

through this influence, dancing skills can improve. Minho specified that it is a source of where

you can extract good manners and good values.

Meanwhile, two K-drama fans, namely; Minho and Gong Yoo, and three non-fans,

namely; Bartolome, Pedro and Maria, perceived those South Korean cultural influences

as both positive and negative. Minho reasoned that those are positive because he is able to

learn good manners and good values, while those are also negative because of the

presence of the concept of social approval, while Gong Yoo mentioned that it is positive

because it helps people to learn Korean language, although he also considered those as

negative because he implied that Filipinos tend to use the Korean Language than their own

language. The same sentiment is echoed by the non-fans, Bartolome focusing on the

difference between cultural knowledge, while Pedro and Maria focused on the possibility

of identity loss.

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III-C. Degree of Incorporation of South Korean Culture in the Philippines

Fan

With regard to the degree of the incorporation of South Korean Culture in the

Philippines, four participants from the K-drama fans group, namely; Minho, Suli, Gong

Yoo and Yoona agreed that the South Korean Culture is already incorporated in the

Philippines, while Shin Hye gave an uncertain answer. Both Minho and Suli reasoned out that

the presence of different products such as cosmetic products in Filipino stores is one of

the manifestations of the South Korean culture incorporation in the Philippines. Minho

added that it is also evident in the showbiz industry, since most Filipino celebrities mimic the

songs and dance numbers of South Korean idols. Shin Hye, who gave an uncertain answer,

said that as more Filipinos watch Korean TV Drama, its influence becomes wider in

scope, and may even reach a point when South Korean culture can no longer be

detached from the Philippines. Gong Yoo and Yoona both stated the cases in concerts of

South Korean idols, in which Filipino fans invest most of their time and money instead of

patronizing their own local products such as OPM.

On the perception of the degree of the incorporation of South Korean culture in the

Philippines, four participants on the K-drama fans group, namely; Tialengcho, Suli, Gong Yoo

and Yoona perceived this incorporation as negative while Minho considered this

influence as positive. The four participants who said that this influence is negative all echoed

their concerns for their own culture and identity, saying that fans might forgot the culture of

their own country. Gong Yoo added that the Philippines is slowly being dominated by a

foreign tradition and culture while our own is slowly deteriorating. Meanwhile, Minho viewed

the incorporation as positive since it is also a manifestation of globalization – the Philippines

became open to foreign cultures and Filipinos gave value to the differences among cultures and

traditions of different countries.

47
Non-fan

While in the non-fans group, four of the participants, namely, Bartolome, Pedro, Maria,

and Imelda, agreed that the South Korean Cullture is already incorporated in the

Philippines. Bartolome implied that the mere fact Filipino TV networks broadcast K-drama,

is in itself, already a manifestation of the Philippines‘ acceptance of South Korean Culture. He

also stated that K-drama are considered to be idealistic. While two of the participants,

namely Pedro and Maria, agreed with a backing of statistical assumptions; Pedro stating that

18% of the country is already incorporated by the South Korean Culture while Maria said

that ¼ of the teenage population is already inclined towards South Korean Culture,

specifically K-drama and K-pop. Only Laura disagreed with the question, stating that

Filipinos still have their own culture that they themselves only possess, behind the

presence of South Korean Culture. Laura mentioned that the Filipino Culture was not shaped by

the said culture despite its presence in the Philippines.

While in the non-fans group, two of the participants, namely Bartolome and Imelda,

perceived this incorporation as positive while Maria considered this influence as neutral.

Bartolome reasoned that Filipinos should be flexible and not be confined with just their

own culture, stating that incorporation of various cultures will help their own culture

richer. Maria stated that it is not right to just acknowledge just your own culture and

recommended that Filipinos should discover new things.

Comparison

Four participants from each group said that the South Korean culture is already

incorporated in the Philippines in terms of the TV industry, cosmetic industry, and the

entertainment industry in terms of watching concerts of Korean idols. Laura stated that there

48
is no incorporation of South Korean culture in the Philippines despite its presence because

Filipinos still have their own culture that Filipinos only possess.

Four K-drama fans and two non K-drama fans perceived that the influence of

South Korean Culture is negative due to culture and identity as a cause for concern.

Minho, K-drama fan mentioned that the influence is considered positive because it is a

manifestation of globalization while Bartolome, a non Kdrama fan, suggested that Filipinos

should learn to be flexible and not be confined within their own. Gong Yoo, a K-drama fan

who perceived the influence as negative, implied that the Philippines is slowly being

dominated by a foreign culture. Maria, on the other hand, has a neutral reaction towards the

subject matter. She suggested that Filipinos should acknowledge other things and be

open for discovering new things.

III-D. Perception on the Possibility of Full South Korean Culture Influence

Fan

The set of the Korean drama fans participants were asked if they can see themselves as

being fully influenced by the Korean culture for a long time. Most of the participants answered

that they do not perceive themselves as being fully influenced. Gong Yoo elaborated that

he knows his limitations as a Filipino, his boundaries what he is supposed to watch or not.

He also implied that even though he watches Korean drama, he still prefers Filipino drama.

Yoona only answered no, she did not expound her statement anymore. Suli make cleared that

she knows the good things that Philippines will bring to her and she proved that through

her residency and the impact that was conveyed to her. Lastly, Minho mentioned that

there is a 30 percent chance that he might be influenced. He supported his statement

through his attitude of being open minded in different aspects such as showbiz,

49
cosmetic and et cetera. But he also presented that even though there is a chance, he still

considered the factor of being immersed in Filipino values.

Non-fan

Bartolome said that k-drama fans will not be fully influence by K-culture because

he believes that there is still some sense of being Filipino left with them. Bartolome also

mentioned that patronizing foreign products does not necessarily equate to total

devotion to the country it came from. Laura stated that being fully influenced by K-culture

depends on the situation. She stated that there are K-drama fans who would rather want to be

Korean and reside in Korea but there are also some fans that have “pusong pinoy” despite

patronizing Korean culture. Pedro assumes that a K-drama fan cannot be fully influenced

by K-culture because they cannot afford to live a Korean life in the Philippine setting.

Also, Pedro mentioned that there are many eyes and mouth in the Philippines that would judge

those who wears Hanbok making it unbearable for the fans. Maria thinks that because

Filipinos love new things and adventures that they will eventually be fully influenced by

other culture such as South Korea. Imelda believes that K-drama fans can be fully

influenced by K-culture but she did not further elaborate.

Comparison

As for the comparison of the two sets of participants, data reports showed that

the group of mostly of Korean TV drama fans affirmed that they perceived themselves as

not being fully influenced by the Korean culture. For some reason that the limitations and

boundaries they set in themselves hinders them to be fully influenced by Korean culture,

specifically cited Gong Yoo‗s statement. Minho, a participant from the set of Korean TV drama

50
fan, explained that there is still a thirty (30) percent chance that he might be influenced but

due to the factor he considered as being immersed in Filipino values and for Suli‟s

perspective, she knows that Philippines will bring positive to her individuality. On the other

hand, from the point of view of non-Korean TV drama fans, Bartolome pointed out that he still

believes to Korean drama fans because there is still sense and identity of being Filipino;

he also implied that buying foreign products does not equate to devotion. Laura expounded that

being influenced by Korean culture does depends on the situation. She described that

some of the fans who wants to become Korean but there is still the heart of Filipino (pusong

pinoy). As for Pedro‟s opinion, he consider the factor of financial aspect and adapting a new

lifestyle; he also added that adapting Korean culture such as wearing traditional costume

will be difficult for the part of the fans because of judgement of the society. Lastly, Maria

explained that because of the Filipino‟s nature of being adventurous and open minded to

discover new things, this will eventually turn to be the cause of being influenced by the

Korean culture.

III-E. Perception on the Manifestation of South Korean Culture

Fan

The set of the Korean drama fans participants were asked if they can see themselves as

being fully influenced by the Korean culture for a long time. Most of the participants answered

that they do not perceive themselves as being fully influenced. Gong Yoo elaborated that

he knows his limitations as a Filipino, his boundaries what he is supposed to watch or not,

therefore she cannot totally forget of its culture. He also implied that even though he watches

Korean drama, he still prefers Filipino drama. Yoona only answered no, she did not expound her

statement anymore. Suli make cleared that she knows the good things that Philippines will

51
bring to her and she proved that through her residency and the impact that was conveyed to

her. Lastly, Minho mentioned that there is a 30 percent chance that he might be influenced.

He supported his statement through his attitude of being open minded in various aspects

such as showbiz, cosmetic and et cetera. But he also presented that even though there is a

chance, he still considered the factor of being more immersed in Filipino values.

With regards to probing question 2, they were also asked if they can see others whom

they know as being fully influenced by the Korean culture for a long time and also consider

visiting, going or staying in South Korea. Only one participant was asked on this portion. The

rest of the participants skipped this part. Suli shared that her friends showed manifestations

such as imitating the Korean fashion, doing makeup and learning Korean dances. She

cleared that her friends were almost look alike with their Korean idols due to the way they dress

themselves as nearly the same with their idols. Lastly, Imelda sees her friends that they will

decide to stay in South Korea because of their Korean idols.

Non-fan

The interviewers asked the non k-drama fans if they think that the k-drama fans will

consider visiting, going or staying in South Korea but only two participants gave their feedback.

Maria said that she knew many people who would want to visit South Korea. On the other

hand, Suli assumes that it will happen in the near future because k-drama fans dream of

visiting Korea to see their idols.

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Comparison

One K-drama fan participant, namely Suli, was only asked regarding the

manifestations that rose due to the South Korean Culture. She stated that the actions made

by her friends, specifically Korean fashion, Korean dances, and makeup, were

manifestations of the said culture.

With regards to the matter of going or staying in South Korea, Suli, a K-drama fan,

assumed the possibility of her friends going to South Korea because of their idols. Maria

and Imelda supported this possibility; Maria stated that she knew many people who would

like to visit the said country while Imelda assumes that it will happen due to fans having the

goal of visiting South Korea due to their idols.

IV-A. Pride in Being a Filipino

Fan

All of the participants were asked how proud they are as a Filipino. The results of

interviews from the set of Korean drama fans varied from one another, but all of them feel

proud to be a Filipino. Based on the statements from Yoona and Shin Hye, they mentioned

that they are proud as a Filipino because of the rich culture and traditions of the Philippines.

Shin Hye added that some of the Filipino culture and traditions are still preserved while Yoona

said that, ―maraming ipagmamalaki yung bansa natin, maraming ipagmamalaki yung

culture natin and yung traditions natin, pwede nating masabi na at par with other

countries.” Shin Hye also stated that Filipinos are helpful and accommodating to all foreigners

who visit her country. Minho believes that he is proud of his nationality because he affirmed that

he can showcase his identity as a Filipino to any foreigner. He also believes that there is no one

who will feel proud for the Filipinos other than people themselves. Lastly, according to Gong

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Yoo, he feels that the degree of his pride of being a Filipino is relatively high, in relation to his

closeness to his own country. He also stated that he patronizes Filipino products by purchasing

them when it is within his budget.

As a follow-up question, all of the participants were asked, which aspects of being a

Filipino they are proud of. Minho and Shin Hye mentioned that the hospitable characteristic of

Filipinos is what makes them proud of being one. Minho also added that Filipinos should be

hospitable because he believes that it can serve as a way in promoting and elevating the

tourism in the country and to be recognized in international level. Suli remains answering that

Filipinos are helpful and accommodating. All of the aspects of being Filipino such as the color,

race, ethnicity, and the kababayan who are representing the country in the global stage like

Manny Pacquiao and other athletes are the things that make Gong Yoo proud. Finally, Yoona

said that there are two aspects that she is proud as a Filipino: first, famous and well-known

Filipinos who are thriving in other countries and second, the Filipino values that are still

practiced and preserved despite of the occurrence of globalization.

In addition, the participants were also asked how they express their pride as a

Filipino. According to Minho, despite considering himself a K-Pop fan, his taste in music is still

inclined with Original Pilipino Music (OPM) and he chooses it more than foreign music.

Additionally, he mentioned that he patronizes Filipino local products due to his certainty with

regards to its quality and the language that was been used on the labels. Shin Hye shared her

experiences when she went to another country and encountered a foreigner. Through telling the

richness of culture of the Philippines and teaching the Filipino language is a way of Shin Hye‘s

expression, according to her statement. Suli said that she spends her money and patronize the

local products. She also revealed that when her preference in buying products is on Filipino.

Gong Yoo puts stressed on how you showcase and demonstrate yourself as a Filipino that you

do not have any doubts or being shame of your identity as a Filipino. Lastly, Yoona answered

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that the means of her expression is voicing out your opinions alluded to country‘s issues. She

posted her rational opinions through her Twitter account, which she believes it is the implication

and manifestation of her concern for her own country‘s welfare.

Non-fan

The researchers asked the non-fans participants on how proud they are in being a

Filipino. Three participants, namely; Laura, Imelda, and Maria said that they are proud in

being a Filipino. Bartolome said he is somehow proud, while Pedro declared that he is

very very proud. Laura stated that she is especially proud of being a Filipino because of her

fellow countrymen‘s resiliency manifested by being happy although enduring problems. The

Philippines‘ rich culture is what made Maria proud of her country. According to Maria, Filipino

products and films or drama are exported out of the country because of its rich culture. Imelda

said that the Filipinos are hospitable which makes her proud of being one of them. On the other

hand, Bartolome said that he is somewhat proud of being a Filipino. Bartolome didn‘t express in

which aspects of being a Filipino is he somewhat proud of. In contrary, Pedro expressed how

―very very proud‖ he is of being a Filipino. Pedro said that, “I recognise Filipinos as the most

talented persons in the world and from there very very proud talaga ako.” He also stated

how proud he is of the Filipinos resiliency despite traffic in EDSA and heartbreaking issues like

corruption. Over-all, no non K-drama fan has stated that he or she is not proud of being a

Filipino.

In terms of the aspects of being a Filipino that they are proud of, both Laura and

Imelda mentioned the good traits of Filipinos such as hospitability and resiliency. Laura cleared

that Filipinos are happy people despite of the problems that they face. On the other hand, Pedro

considered that the Filipinos are one the most talented and resilient people in the world. Maria

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mentioned the rich culture of the Philippines and the local films presented in the international

stage are what make her proud in being a Filipino.

When asked of their expression of pride as a Filipino, only Pedro was not asked with

the question; the other four participants were otherwise asked. Laura declared that she does not

patronize foreign products and shows; instead, she choose to love Original Pinoy Music (OPM).

Maria expresses her pride of being a Filipino by bragging about what her country have, although

she clarified that she doesn‘t use social media to do so by saying, “hindi naman yung sa

social media yung ipangangalandakan ko na ah Filipino ako kaya ako kaya magpopost

ako ng ganyan bilang Filipino pride.” Imelda answered that she stops on her way whenever

there is a flag ceremony to pay respect, which in her perspective is one way of expressing her

pride in being a Filipino. Bartolome mentioned that he is not a very expressive person; however,

he expresses his pride of being a Filipino by following the law. Like Maria, Bartolome does not

also post on social media to express his pride of being a Filipino.

Comparison

All the participants answered that they are proud of being a Filipino. The common

reasons are mainly associated with the culture and traits of Filipinos wherein Shin Hye

even stated that it is ―rich‖ while Maria and Imelda mentioned the resiliency, helpfulness, and

hospitability that are innate in Filipinos. Other reasons stated by the participants are: for Pedro,

it is due to the fact that it is his identity, name, and nationality which is similar with Imelda‗s

reason that it is because she loves her country of origin; and for Gong Yoo, it is simply

because he feels close to the Philippines.

In relation to the reasons they have stated, their answers about the aspects that they

consider on being a proud Filipino are almost the same. The dominant aspect that the

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participants answered is about Filipino traits such as being resilient, hospitable, helpful, and

talented as stated by Laura, Pedro, Minho, Imelda, Shin Hye, and Suli. On the other hand, for

Maria, she emphasized the Filipino culture as an aspect of being a Filipino that she is proud of

which is similar to Shin Hye‘s reason on the first question. Meanwhile, Gong Yoo and Yoona

answered different from others, but their answers fall on the same aspect which is about the

successful Filipinos and Gong Yoo even gave Manny Pacquiao as an example.

In terms of the participants' ways of expressing their pride as a Filipino are different and

only have a few similarities. For Bartolome and Maria, they are not that expressive in terms of

using social media; however, Bartolome stated that he simply expresses his pride through

being always responsible with his actions; while for Maria, as well as Shin Hye, they express

it through telling their foreign friends about the good attributes of the Philippines. On the

other hand, Laura, Minho, and Sui's expression of pride as a Filipino is through purchasing

local products, and listening to OPM. The other ways that were given by the participants are:

for Imelda, by showing respect in flag ceremonies; for Gong Yoo, by not being ashamed of

being a Filipino, and for Yoona, by voicing out her opinions.

IV-B. Pride for the Filipino Values and Norms

Fan

Only one K-drama fan participant was asked with this question. On this portion,

Minho was asked about how proud he is when it comes to Filipino values and norms. Minho

stated that he is ―very very proud‖ of the Filipino values and norms because Filipinos are

resilient even though terrible calamities have occurred in the country. He explained that through

the trait of the Filipinos as being resilient to any problems they encounter, specifically natural

calamities. It brought a way for the Philippines to be well-known country. He further explained by

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saying, “kahit sobrang dami na nating pinagdaanan mga problema nakangiti pa din tayo

at nakikipagtulungan o pagbibigay ng kooperasyon sa bawat isa.”

Non-fan

Maria is the only participant who was asked how proud she is of Filipino values

and norms. She said that she have a neutral stand on Filipino values and norms because, as

she said in her own words, “meron characteristics or traits yung Filipinos na gusto ko at

mayroon din naman parang hindi.”

Comparison

Since only two participants were asked of this question, only two different answers

were given. The first one would be from Minho, a Korean drama fan, who stated that he is

“very very proud” of it while the second one would be from Maria, a non-Korean drama fan,

who said that her level of being proud is only neutral. It can be observed that Minho‗s answer

focused more on the positive values and norms of Filipinos especially being resilient despite

facing many challenges in life such as natural calamities and being helpful and cooperative

with others. Meanwhile, Maria‗s answer focused on the general view of values and norms that

Filipinos have. She stated that it is because there are certain Filipino values and norms that

she likes and there are also values and norms that she dislikes.

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IV-C. Pride for the Philippines

Fan

For Korean drama fans, their answers varied and can be classified as "somehow

proud", "half proud", "proud", and "very very proud." Minho said that he is very very proud

of the Philippines because, “kaya na [ng Philippines] makipagsabayan sa mga growing

economy sa mga neighbor countries niya like China, India...yung Pilipinas ngayon kasi

tumataas na yung ekonomiya natin.” Shin Hye, on the other hand, said that she is somehow

proud of the Philippines, since “kahit hindi naman ganun kaunlad yung Philippines” there

are still competitions where the Philippines is known to be good at. Suli gave emphasis on

the beauty of the Philippines, stating that the country is full of tourist spots. Gong Yoo said,

“kapag mayroon mga banyaga na nagtanong sa akin kung ano yung mayroon sa

Philippines, hindi ko siya ikakahiya.” Lastly, Yoona mentioned that she is half (50%) proud of

the Philippines; she is proud because of the progress that took place in the country, while she is

not proud because of the presence of social issues that remains a problem of the country.

When asked about ways on how they could express their pride towards the

Philippines, the Korean drama fans‘ answers are all different. These are: helping our

candidates or tourist spots through online voting; using the mother tongue; promoting the

Philippine slogan 'it's more fun in the Philippines' through social media; and taking part on the

achievements of the Philippines.

Non-fan

The participants were asked on how proud they are of the Philippines. For the non-

fans, the four participants said that they are proud of the Philippines, but their answers

varied in terms of the degree and reason, while Pedro was not asked with the question.

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Bartolome said that he is “somehow proud” of the Philippines because, "maraming dapat

ika-proud, marami ring dapat hindi naman ika-proud." Laura stated that what makes her

proud of the Philippines is its uniqueness amidst its simplicity. Maria mentioned three aspects

that make her proud of the Philippines: sceneries, people, and atmosphere. Lastly, Imelda gave

a similar answer, stating nature as the primary reason behind her pride for the Philippines.

When asked about ways on how they could express their pride towards the

Philippines, the non-fans, Imelda and Maria emphasized the use of social media. Bartolome,

on the other hand, said that he wanted to represent the Philippines in the future. Other answers

are by simply wanting to travel in the Philippines and through studying hard, as stated by Laura

and Pedro.

Comparison

In terms of pride for the country, both set of participants answered that they are proud.

No one answered that he or she is not totally proud. However, their level of being proud

varied due to the negative attributes that they associated to the Philippines just like what

Bartolome and Yoona stated. It is also evident that the most common reasons why they are

proud of the Philippines are either the traits that Filipinos possess such as resiliency,

hospitability, and generosity or the tourist spots or the national resources that can be found

in the country.

About the ways of their expression of pride, there are similarities and differences that can be

observed. The first similar ones are of Imelda, Maria, and Gong Yoo who is promoting the

Philippines through the use social media, through posting pictures and good things about the

Philippines. Yoona even mentioned a social media platform on her answer but she said that she

uses it not to promote, but to voice out her opinions. Meanwhile, compared to them,

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Bartolome's answer is different since he mentioned about wanting to be a representative of

the country on “international events" in the future. For Minho and Yoona, they both

mentioned that it is through being a part of the achievements of the country whereas Yoona

said it directly through taking part of the country's success and Minho said that indirectly

since he said an instance wherein he participated in an online voting for the Philippines

candidates for international beauty pageants and in showcasing support in the 'Seven

Wonders of the World' online voting. The totally different answers came from non-Korean

drama fans Laura and Pedro and Korean drama fans Shin Hye and Imelda. For Laura, it is

travelling across the country and for Pedro, it is by studying hard in order to help the

Philippine economy in the future. For Shin Hye, it is through using the Filipino language,

and for Imelda, it is through purchasing local products.

IV-D. Preferred Nationality

Fan

In this question, the non-Korean drama fans were asked of their perception of what

nationality the Korean drama fans would prefer. The Korean drama fans, on the other hand,

were asked of their own preferred nationality. The preferred nationality refers to whether they

would want to stay as a Filipino or they would like to change their nationality to Korean. For

Korean drama fans, all answered that they still want to be a Filipino mainly because it is

their country of origin and they are happy with being a Filipino. Other reasons are: for

Yoona, "feeling ko di ako makakapag adjust sa culture nila" and for Gong Yoo, "ito na

yung nakasanayan kong lifestyle and traditions."

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Non-fan

For non-Korean drama fans, three participants said that the Korean drama fans

would still retain their nationality rather than to change it. The reasons that they stated are

the following: “fans are already satisfied with being just a fan; there is an on-going war in

South Korea; and it is simply because the fans are born Filipino.” However, Imelda said

that the fans might want to be a Korean since the fans' perception and beliefs towards

South Korea have already changed. Meanwhile, Pedro stated that he is not sure about the

fans' preferred nationality.

Comparison

Eight out of ten participants chose the answer 'to stay as a Filipino' rather than 'to

change nationality' to Korean. Only one participant, a non-fan, answered 'to change

nationality' which is only his perception towards K-Drama fans, while one participant answered

that he is not sure.

In terms of their reasons, for those who answered 'to stay as a Filipino', some only lead

to the same explanation. As an example, for Korean drama fans Yoona and Gong Yoo who

chose to stay as a Filipino, they stated that it is because they practice or possess the

Filipino lifestyle, values, and culture and just like what Yoona said, it might be hard for her to

adjust to a different culture. On the other hand, for Korean drama fans Minho and Shin Hye,

they wanted to stay as a Filipino for the reason that they are born Filipino and it is their

country of origin which is somehow similar to Maria's reason that no matter what the fans do,

they are still Filipinos. Other reasons that were given are: for Bartolome, he thinks that fans

are already contented with being a fan; for Laura, she think it is because of the war in

South Korea; and for Suli, it is simply because she likes to be a Filipino.

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 For Imelda who answered 'to change nationality', the reason is because fans might

want to change their nationality since their perceptions and beliefs on South Korea have

already changed. Meanwhile, Pedro, who answered that he is not sure, stated no reason

but gave an instance that one of his friends who is a Korean drama fan has no plans of

changing his/her nationality based on what he see.

IV-E. Perceived Meaning of being a Filipino

Fan

Since most of the answers of the participants are to stay as a Filipino, as a follow up,

they were also asked to define what a Filipino is. For Korean drama fans, both Minho and

Yoona mentioned Filipino resiliency, while both Shin Hye and Gong Yoo said that it is

about being proud of what you have. Meanwhile, Suli's definition of being a Filipino is

different. She stated that "kapag sinabi mong Filipina ka, iisipin kaagad nila na talento ka,

na talentado ka." Other definitions were also added by some participants. For Minho, he even

mentioned Filipino hospitability and even said that being a Filipino is "trying to incorporate

the values and knowledge that you have learned from your surroundings or society"

which mentioned the term "values" that was also mentioned by Yoona as she stated that being

a Filipino is about "alam mo pa rin na intact pa rin values mo, even if after all the trials na

naranasan mo."

Non-fan

For non Korean drama fans, their answers were almost the same wherein they

described Filipinos as generous and resilient. In addition, some participants even gave other

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definitions which are: for Laura, "being a Filipino is being what you are" and being the real

you; and for Bartolome, "It‟s about being welcoming to visitors" which could simply

describe Filipino hospitability.

Comparison

For the eight participants who chose to stay as a Filipino and for Pedro who said that he

is not sure but still gave an instance that leads to an answer nearer to the choice of staying as a

Filipino, their answers on what is being a Filipino are almost the same. The words such as

generosity, hospitability and resiliency have been mentioned on almost all answers. They

emphasized that Filipinos are known for those positive qualities since despite the challenges

that Filipinos face, ―You still know how to be positive,” as Yoona stated. It is also evident on

Minho‟s answer, ―Kahit anong trials na harapin mo tatanggapin mo pa din kasi resilient ka

dahil alam mo mapagtatagumpayan mo iyon kasi alam mong Filipino ka.” Other than that,

participants like Suli and Pedro also mentioned that Filipinos have talents while for Gong

Yoo, it is simply by being proud.

IV-F. Perceived Meaning of being a Korean

Fan

No Korean drama fan was asked of this follow up question since all have

answered to stay as a Filipino. This question is only asked for paticipant/s who answered to

change their nationality to be a Korean.

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Non-fan

Since only one participant answered that fans will change their nationality to being

a Korean, she was also asked as a follow up about her own definition of being a Korean.

Imelda, a non-Korean drama fan, said that it is simply "...yung pagiging in, yung pagiging

new. Pagiging pasok sa trendy."

Comparison

Compared to those who answered the meaning of being a Filipino, Imelda, who

believes that K-Drama fans will choose to ‗change nationality‟ into a Korean, said that being

a Korean is being trendy, which is different from the answers about being a Filipino.

IV-G. Understanding South Korean Culture through Korean TV drama

Fan

When the participants were asked if watching Korean TV drama help them in

understanding the South Korean Culture, Suli, Gong Yoo, and Yoona affirmed directly

(said yes), while Minho and Shin Hye affirmed indirectly (didn‘t mentioned yes, but the

answers point to that direction). Both Suli and Yoona stated that the history of South Korea is

what appealed to them the most. According to Yoona, “napakacolorful ng history nila [South

Korea]. Pag napapanood mo nakakasama ka din dun kaya mas iintindihan mo culture

nila.” Gong Yoo noticed that Korean TV drama prioritize the delivery of South Korean culture in

just a single episode, even simple acts such as cooking. Minho and Shin Hye highlighted the

delivery of culture that is shown in Korean TV drama. Minho pertained to the consistency of

Korean TV Drama in portraying the importance of Korean values, such as paying homage to

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and taking care of the elderly, while Shin Hye mentioned the traditions that Koreans continue to

practice.

Moreover, when asked if South Korean TV Drama changes their perception of South

Korea, only Minho said no, reasoning that South Korean TV drama only shows the good side of

the South Korea and not the bad side. In contrast, Gong Yoo asserted that by watching Korean

TV drama, an individual is given a clear picture of South Korea. Suli considered the

cinematography as a factor in giving a better picture of South Korea. Yoona explained that she

see a better picture of South Korea by seeing the development in the history of South Korea as

portrayed in Historical Korean TV Drama. Shin Hye, on the other hand, said that when she

watches Korean TV drama, she always exclaim that, “Ay, ang cute cute nila.”

Non-fan

The results of the interview show that all non Korean drama fans believe that

watching Korean TV drama help the K-Drama Fans understand the South Korean culture.

Bartolome deem that the historical theme of South Korean drama, stating Hwarang and Goblin

as examples, helps in imparting knowledge about Korean culture to its viewers, while Suli

reasoned that Korean behavior could be seen and understood by people once they get to watch

Korean TV drama. This is similar to Laura‘s statement, “sa bawat drama makikita mo yung

culture nila. Nakikita ko na nagagawa, minsan nagagaya na nila.” On a different note,

Pedro explained that Korean TV drama helped him in understanding Korean culture the same

way Filipino TV drama helped him in understanding Filipino culture.

Moreover, all participants except Pedro, who was not asked about the probing question,

agreed that Korean drama gave K-Drama fans a better picture and/or perception towards South

Korea. In light of this question, two of the participants, namely Bartolome and Laura, asserted

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that Korean TV drama portray an idealistic view of South Korea. In contrast, the other two

participants, namely Suli and Maria, argued that Korean TV drama portray a realistic view of

South Korea. Additionally, Maria explained that Korean TV drama help her friends in realizing

that the Philippines should adapt the South Korean culture.

Comparison

All participants, including the fans and non-fans, believe that Korean TV Drama

help in understanding South Korean culture. Suli and Yoona, both K-Drama fans, have

similar perception with Bartolome, a non-fan, that the history of South Korea, as portrayed in

Historical TV Drama, are appealing to the audience and are equally informative.

80% of the K-Drama fans believe that Korean TV Drama gives them a better picture

and/or perception of South Korea, while 80% of the non-fans believe on that as well. It is

worthy to note the similarity between Laura (non-fan) and Minho‘s (fan) answers. Laura said,

“As a Korean naman, hindi ka naman maglalagay sa show niyo na makakasira sa bansa

niyo…So yung perspective ng bawat Pinoy ay „Ay ang ganda pala sa bansang 'to‟ kahit

madaming part naman sa Korea na hindi naman maganda” while Minho said, “Yung South

Korean TV drama kasi…pinapakita lang nila yung good side ng Korea, wala pa akong

nakikitang K-drama na tumutukoy sa kahirapan sa South Korea” – from their answers, they

are both doubtful of Korean TV Drama‘ credibility in portraying the reality that prevails in South

Korea.

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IV-H. Perception towards the Philippines as affected by TV drama

Fan

When asked about the effects of Korean TV drama, Yoona and Minho asserted that

their perception towards South Korea change due to watching Korean TV drama. Minho

explained that his change of perception centered on the film industry of the Philippines, and

watching K-drama made him realize that South Korean drama have better quality compared to

Filipino TV drama. Yoona reasoned that watching K-drama will inform the viewers of the

comparison between the systems within South Korea and the Philippines. She also pointed out

the possibility of applying that system in her own country. Gong Yoo, Suli, and Shin Hye

answered “no”, with only Shin Hye explaining that the fact of having this kind of cliché system

in TV series and films in the Philippines is already present in her mind beforehand.

On the other hand, when it comes to Filipino TV drama‘ effects on their perception

towards the Philippines, only Minho, Shin Hye and Yoona answered that theirs are affected,

Gong Yoo answered an indirect affirmation, while only Suli answered “no.” For Minho, Shin

Hye, and Yoona, Filipino TV drama such as Ang Probinsyano, The Good Son, Pangako Sa’yo,

and Wildflower successfully reflect the reality of what is happening in the Philippines. Gong Yoo

said that once Filipino TV drama shoots in a notable place, viewers will be able to understand

and adopt the culture of that notable place. Meanwhile, Suli said that her perspective of the

Philippines is not affected by Filipino TV drama.

Non-fan

When asked about the effects of Korean TV drama, only Bartolome gave a definite

affirmation that the fans‟ perception is affected by the consumption of Korean TV drama.

Two of the participants, namely Maria and Suli, gave an uncertain answer, but leaning to an

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affirmative side. According to Pedro, it is not considered as change but rather, it will enhance in

such ways (i.e. perception) or it will decline. Laura asserted that being a Filipino and being an

inhabitant of the Philippines, the perception of one‘s country is not affected.

Regarding the effects of Filipino TV drama on their perception towards the

Philippines, Laura gave two answers, a “yes” and a “no,” Pedro and Suli answered

“yes,” Maria answered “no,” while Bartolome was not asked regarding the subject matter.

Laura stated that the norms and values portrayed by Filipino TV drama are informative while

equally asserting that Filipino TV drama highlight the negative characteristics of the Filipinos,

which she perceives as wrong. Pedro emphasized that there is an effect to the perception due

to the fact that television is, for him, a medium wherein viewers are influenced by the TV drama.

However, Pedro clarified that he is not easily influenced by those Filipino TV drama since he is

a rational person. Suli also said yes, since akin to Korean TV Drama, Filipino TV Drama also

delivers Filipino behaviour, norms, values, beliefs, and traditions. Maria declared that her

perception was not changed because Filipino TV drama nowadays portrays the negative side of

the Filipinos, which causes confusion.

Comparison

Since all participants agreed that Korean drama help fans in understanding the South

Korean culture, they also mentioned in their answers that mainly because Korean drama

shows the history and traditions of South Korea. For non Korean drama fans, since they

have an idea of what Korean drama show because of different media platforms, they

emphasized that Korean drama help fans in enhancing their knowledge about the South

Korean culture in which some might even imitate it just like what Laura stated. For Korean

drama fans, on the other hand, they said that it makes it easier for them to understand

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South Korea since it shows what Koreans usually do as what Gong Yoo gave as an

example, “sa simpleng paghanda ng pagkain." Based on their answers, it is evident that

both non Korean drama fans and Korean drama fans see Korean drama as informative

and helpful in terms of making fans understand the South Korean culture.

In conjunction, the participants were also asked if their perception towards the

Philippines is affected by Filipino TV drama. For those participants who answered yes, there

are two common reasons that they have stated. The first one would be because Filipino drama

shows the notable places, culture, tradition, and beliefs of Filipino as stated by Pedro,

Imelda, and Gong Yoo. The second one is due to the fact that they see Filipino drama as

realistic since it reflects the current happenings in the Philippines as stated by Minho, Shin

Hye, and Yoona. However, for Suli, it did not affect her perception and she did not also

elaborate her answer. In addition, one participant, Laura, said that she thinks Filipino drama

could affect their perceptions in a positive and negative way. For the positive side, it is

similar with the first common reason of those who answered yes, while for the negative side, it is

because Filipino drama also portrays the bad side of Filipinos.

IV-I. Perceived Cultural Differences

Fan

All participants gave their own constructed differences between South Korean

culture and Filipino culture. Gong Yoo and Minho mentioned the importance and the

preservation of South Korean culture, which is not really that visible in the Filipino Culture.

Additionally, Gong Yoo asserted that Filipino culture, in contrast to South Korean culture, is an

adaptation of different foreign cultures. Yoona and Shin Hye discussed the characteristic of

being discipline within South Korean Culture with Yoona highlighting the different way of

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discipline, specifically the respect towards other people. Suli gave her comparison of the two

cultures in terms of respecting the dead, stating that “pinapahalagahan parin nila [South

Koreans] yung ah yung kapag patay na yung isang tao, araw araw silang nagdadasal

doon. Compared sa Filipino na tuwing November 2 lang nila naaalala yung mga mahal

nila sa buhay.”

When asked about their own culture, Gong Yoo, Suli, Yoona, Minho answered that

they consider their local culture to be inferior to South Korean culture. Gong Yoo asserted

that the Filipino Culture is not that influential. Suli described that the culture of South Korea is

more beautiful, consistent, and stayed true to its very meaning. Minho added the concepts of

crab mentality and colonial mentality that made his local culture inferior to South Korean culture.

On the contrary, Shin Hye reasoned that, “Feel ko pantay pa din naman kasi proud pa din

naman ako. Kahit na mas nasasapawan ng mga Korean TV drama yung mga palabas

natin.”

Non-fan

The participants gave different answers when asked about the difference between

South Korean culture and Filipino culture. Bartolome noted the difference between the

cultures of the two countries in terms of fashion, stating his assumption that South Koreans

are more westernized than Filipinos. Laura, on the other hand, remarked the difference in

terms of way of eating (dining etiquette) and norms. Maria said the Philippines is rich in

history and much more is to be discovered in the country, which may have been a catalyst

for the Philippines‘ rise to popularity. Filipinos are more hospitable than South Koreans, as

Suli concluded, with the added clarification that she is not asserting that Koreans are not

hospitable. Pedro observed that the South Koreans are more conservative in

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acknowledging foreign culture and strives to retain their tradition by portraying it in

Korean TV drama.

When asked about their own local culture, Bartolome and Laura directly stated that

the Filipino culture is inferior to the South Korean culture, while Maria indirectly stated

the same. Pedro said that the Filipino culture is neither inferior nor superior, since it all

depends on which perspective or lens the situation will be viewed. When it comes to

traditions, Pedro argued that we are much richer in that aspect compared to South Korea,

although in terms of Economy, South Korea gains the upperhand. On the other hand, Suli

declared that the Filipino culture is superior to South Korean culture, mainly because of

her love for her country. Similarly, Pedro stated that, “No, it depends upon the perspective,

kung pano ko ba titingnan, on what lense. Kung tradition, mas maraming sumakop sa

atin mas marami tayong na acquire na tradition, na culture, mas mayaman tayo dun pero

kung sa economic ay jusko mas mayaman sila.”

Comparison

Based on their answers, there are a lot of differences that they have observed

between the South Korean culture and their local culture. One of which is the answer of

Minho, Pedro, and Gong Yoo. They see the South Korean culture as traditional and preserved

compared to the Filipino culture. As Minho said, “…yung mga nakagawian nila sa dati

pinapratice pa din nila hanggang ngayon kasi sa atin kumbaga yung mga parang

ginagawa noon kinakalimutan natin like Bayanihan”; for Pedro, “...tayo more o realistic na

tayo, kung ano ung nangyayari nagyon ayun ung tayo pero sila nag-iistay sila nag-iistick

sila sa tradition nila, nire-retain nila ung past”; and for Gong Yoo, “Yung sa Filipino

culture Kasi ay medyo adaptation na ng iba‟t ibang cultures kumbaga mixed na.”

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 On the contrary, Maria said that “parang mas historical yung atin. Marami pa tayong

hindi nadidiskubre sa country natin.” Aside from that, Laura, Suli and Yoona mentioned

the difference of paying respect of Koreans and Filipinos. Laura did not elaborate her

answer furthermore, but for Suli and Yoona, they gave situations. For Suli, she gave an

example about paying respect for deceased family members wherein she sees Koreans as

people who never forget about their deceased loved ones compared to Filipinos who only

pay respect during the All Souls‟ Day. On the other hand, Yoona gave an example when

riding a bus wherein younger Koreans offer their seats to elder people. But in terms of

being hospitable, Imelda said that Filipinos are better than Koreans. For Shin Hye, she

mentioned that Koreans are more disciplined than Filipinos. Meanwhile, for Bartolome, he

compared the two based on fashion. He stated that Filipinos are not yet that open to that

style of clothing of Koreans.

In addition to this, the participants were also asked whether they perceive the

Filipino culture as inferior or superior to the South Korean culture. Based on their

answers, six participants firmly said that the Filipino culture is inferior to the South

Korean culture, primarily because the latter is more influential and attractive. Other

reasons are: people think lowly of themselves, which eventually make them think the same

with their culture (Laura); Filipinos tend to give more value to the South Korean products

compared to Filipino products (Minho); Korean drama fans keep on supporting the South

Korean culture and TV networks even allot time for Korean drama (Bartolome); and lastly,

it is because the South Korean culture is more consistent and retained its real meaning

(Suli). On the other hand, Maria said that the Filipino culture is not that inferior but

Filipinos tend to feel that way since there are still many things about the Philippines that

Filipinos are yet to discover.

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 Compared to those who answered that the Filipino culture is inferior, only one

participant answered that it is superior to the South Korean culture simply because she

loves her local culture.

Meanwhile, there are also two participants who answered neutral, namely Pedro and

Shin Hye. For Pedro, it depends on the perspective that a person is going to use; he gave

an example that when it comes to tradition, Filipinos are superior, but in terms of economy, the

South Koreans are leading. For Shin Hye, it is because she is still proud of her culture

despite being aware that Korean drama are more dominant nowadays.

IV-J. Perceived Advantages of Filipino Culture

Fan

All participants gave various answers regarding the advantages that their local culture

have in which South Korean culture lacks. Gong Yoo explained the uniqueness of the “Po at

Opo”. Suli noted the re-enactments of events in reality and put it into scenarios in Filipino

TV drama. Yoona acknowledged the optimism that the Filipinos have. Minho asserted that

Filipinos tend to help other people at the time of various calamities. He added that

Filipinos tend to be helpful in unexpected times and that they also think of the welfare of

others, not just themselves. He also observed that people are very self-centered in other

countries. Shin Hye upheld that, in South Korea, people have no confidence with how they

look unlike people within her local culture that shows appreciation for what was given to

them.

74
Non-fan

Bartolome noted that the advantage that Filipino culture has its focus on action

rather than love stories. Laura said that the Filipino culture is more colourful and joyful

because of the festivals celebrated in the country. Pedro stated the innovative and adaptive

quality of Filipino culture as compared South Korean culture having a defined and

bordered identity. Maria said that there is “more to Filipino culture than meets the eye”

while Suli mentioned the hospitable characteristic of Filipinos being their advantage.

Comparison

Many possible advantages of Filipino culture were given by the participants. The

common answers are associated with the positivity of Filipinos and the Filipino culture.

For Laura and Yoona, they stated the happy aura of Filipinos despite the stress or

problems that they face compared to South Koreans whom they see as people who are

having a hard time being happy. On the other hand, Laura, Pedro, and Maria emphasized

that the Filipino culture is more “colorful”, “diverse”, and “have more” that are yet to be

discovered while Gong Yoo gave an example of Filipino culture wherein only Filipinos use

“po” and “opo” as a sign of respect. In addition, Minho and Imelda gave positive traits that

Filipinos are known for which are being helpful and hospitable.

When it comes to other aspects like physical appearance, Shin Hye emphasized that

Filipinos are more confident of what they have compared to South Koreans who undergo

surgery to enhance their selves. Other than that aspect, two participants focused on drama.

Bartolome stated that Filipinos tend to be “mas maaksyon” since South Koreans tend to

produce drama about love stories, while for Suli, she thinks that Filipinos tend to reflect the

reality on drama which is a good thing for her.

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 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This study attempted to enumerate the effects of watching Korean TV Drama on the

patriotism of students and to identify whether or not the former is a threat to the latter. To

achieve this objective, the researchers employed a comparative method – comparing the

perception of Korean TV Drama fans to the perception of non-fans – using an in-depth, one-on-

one interview instrument.

In order to qualify for the study, the participants should be a grade 12 student in

University of the East – Caloocan under the Humanities and Social Sciences strand, five of

which should still be fans of K-Drama on the month the interview was conducted, while the other

five should be non-fans.

The researchers conducted the interview using paralleled interview questions, making it

possible to compare and contrast the answers of both groups.

SUMMARY

In this section, the discussion of data gathered from the in-depth, one-on-one interview

with the ten participants are presented. This section is divided into themes derived from the

study‘s research questions, followed by the discussion of whether or not each research

questions are answered from the data gathered.

The major findings of this study includes: (a) the degree of pride for being a Filipino and

towards the Philippines of Korean TV Drama fans and non-fans are similar in some level, and

76
yet the Korean TV Drama fans do not directly manifest this self-proclaimed pride, as opposed to

the manifestations of the non-fans‘ actions, and (b) the majority of the participants from both

groups believes that the South Korean cultural influence has already been established in the

Philippines.

I. How does watching Korean TV drama affect the Korean drama fans‟ patriotism?

The result from the interview shows that majority of the Korean drama fans prefer

Korean drama over Filipino drama due to the following factors: (a) storyline, (b) deep and critical

conceptualization of production, (c) actors, (d) fictional characters, and (e) technological aspect

and the quality of said drama. On the other hand, the majority of non-fans prefer Filipino drama

over Korean drama due to the following factors (a) relatability towards the roles and involvement

of actors in drama, (b) cultural linguistic, and (c) love for local products.

This can be explained through the use of Cultural Proximity Theory and Uses and

Gratifications Theory. In the Uses and Gratifications Theory, the fans are believed to continously

consume drama because it satisfies their needs and wants. The researchers infer from this that

fans of Korean drama were not satisfied by Filipino drama, which led them to look for foreign

media. This can be supported by the factors the participants gave. For instance, fans prefer

Korean drama over Filipino drama because of the storyline, and from this the researchers infer

that there is a possibility that the fans find Filipino dramas to be cliche, meaning it portrays a

similar or almost similar stories most of the time.

Another explanation to this phenomenon is the Cultural Proximity Theory. The fans may

unconsciously patronize Korean drama because they see it as similar or almost similar to the

Philippines. This perception could mean that they cannot see Korean drama as threat, therefore

validating there desire to watch foreigh drama.

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 This support Straubhaar‘s assertion that those with proximate culture have the higher

tendency to transmit their culture to one another and patronize it if they perceive it to be similar

or closely related.

II. How does watching Korean TV drama shape the preference of students in terms of TV

drama?

According to the results of the conducted interview, 80% of the Korean TV drama fans

said that they prefer to watch Korean TV drama over Filipino TV drama due to the following

factors: (a) storyline, (b) deep and critical conceptualization of production, (c) actors, (d) fictional

characters, and (e) technological aspect and the quality of said drama.

However, 80% of the non-fans gave the opposite answer, saying that they still prefer to

watch Filipino TV drama over Korean TV drama due to the following factors: (a) relatability

towards the roles and involvement of actors in drama, (b) cultural linguistic, and (c) love for local

products.

This phenomenon could be explained by the ―Uses and Gratifications‖ Theory by Katz.

Four out of five K-drama fans chose Korean TV drama over Filipino TV drama due to the fact

that their wants, as viewers, were being satisfied by the delivery of the former to them. The

same theory could also explain why non-fans chose to watch Filipino TV drama over Korean TV

drama – the reason behind this lies on the ability of Filipino TV drama to gratify the needs and

wants of Filipino viewers. Additionally, these viewers found satisfaction in local TV drama

because those drama are freely and immediately available to them, which is strengthened by

both geolinguistic proximity and cultural linguistic proximity.

78
III. How do non-Korean drama fans perceive the consumption and increased popularity of

Korean TV drama in their country?

The non-fans showed that they are understanding towards the fans and do not have

problems towards them but rather have concerns. This may prove that fans are conscious of the

negative effects which Korean drama consumption may bring about, thus supporting the

assertion that they do not consume Koran drama because it poses a threat to them.

The non-fans perceive the fans as impractical at times, from this numerous explanations

can be drawn but one possible explanation is somehow connected to Cultural Proximity. The

non-fans may also be aware of the proximate culture of South Korea and the Philippines. They

may view the fans as impractical because their own cultural is more accessible although South

Korea is proximate. This can be connected to the Uses and Gratifications theory, where the

researchers infer that it is really possible that fans consume Korean drama because Filipino

drama no longer satisfies their needs and wants. The non-fans also stated that it is okay for

them that fans continously consume Korean drama as long as it is for self-improvement and

source of knowledge. This can mean that as long as Korean drama poses no threat, the non-

fans are okay with it.

This result can be a leeway for fans to be media dependent. Applying the theory of

Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur, the perception of non-fans toward the fans can be

explained by the first determinant of the media dependency: the person‘s needs that are being

provided by the media, particularly South Korean TV Drama.

This result is similar to the findings of Alanzalon (2011) in her study, which explained the

process of the Filipino teenage fan‘s consumption of K-pop, and how their dependency on the

media made way for certain behaviours. The results of Alanzalon‘s study revealed that the

consumption of Korean media products satisfied the needs of the teenagers. New knowledge

79
about South Korea, the fandom culture, and the social interaction formed out of their fandom,

are only a part of the whole package that comes with consuming Korean content. Hence, the

findings of Alanzalon are proven by the findings of this study.

IV. How does the Korean drama fans and non-Korean drama fans‟ perception towards

their country differ?

According to the results of the conducted interview, the participants have varying

answers regarding their perception towards their own country. The Korean TV drama fans are

proud of the Philippines but not of its local TV drama. On the other hand, majority of non-fans

are proud both of the Philippines and of Filipino TV drama.

However, there is a discrepancy between the proclaimed pride of the Korean TV drama

fans with regards to the perception of non-fans toward those fans. While K-drama fans asserted

that they are proud of the Philippines, the non-fans thought that the perception of those fans

might be altered due to their consumption of South Korean TV Drama and exposure to South

Korean culture.

CONCLUSION

The researchers conducted this study in an attempt to prove the causal relationship

between watching South Korean TV Drama and patriotism. To achieve this objective, the

researchers employed qualitative method through an in-depth, one-on-one interview. A total of

ten participants were interviewed individually. In order to qualify for the study, participants had to

be a grade 12 HUMSS student of University of the East – Caloocan, five of which should be

Korean TV drama fans while the other five are non-fans. A purposive sampling method was

80
used in order to identify the participants. In addition to that, the researcher applied a semi-

structured interview so as to counterbalance the structure and the freedom of the interviewer to

conduct the interview. This study employed a comparative analysis of the perception of the two

groups, namely; South Korean TV drama fans and non-fans.

The Korean TV drama fans group is composed of three female fans and two male fans,

while the non-fans group is composed of three female non-fans and two male non-fans.

1. The study conducted found out that Korean TV drama fans are dependent on foreign

media, specifically South Korean TV drama, because of their increasing and continuous

dependence to the said media in satisfying their needs and wants, as explained by ―Media

Dependency Theory.‖ A similar pattern could be seen through the lens of the ―Uses and

Gratifications Theory‖ – the Korean TV drama fans‘ desires are gratified by the South Korean

TV drama. The reason behind this dependency is due to the common characteristics between

South Korea and the Philippines, in terms of Geographical aspects (geolinguistic proximity) and

Cultural aspects (cultural linguistic proximity). Several fans also stated that there are certain

qualities of TV drama that are not met by Filipino TV drama – and in light of this, said fans

turned to foreign media and found the qualities they are looking for in South Korean TV drama,

due to its commonality with the Philippines in terms of norms, values, beliefs, and the fact that

both countries have been colonized by western countries in the past.

2. Moreover, the results show that Korean TV drama fans are self-proclaimed patriots,

when in fact they do not practice this concept of pride and acceptance towards the qualities that

local products have, specifically those related to Filipino TV drama.

3. The causal relationship of South Korean TV drama and the patriotism is deemed by

the researchers to have a fragile connection, since the results of the interview did not show an

outcome where and when this causation is manifested. Additionally, the low sample size is seen

81
to be a cause for the weakening of the causal relationship between the two variables, because

of its low generalizability.

However, this does not mean that the causal relationship does not exist. It is included in

the recommendation section of this paper on how to establish a stronger connection between

the two variables.

RECOMMENDATION

1. For other researchers who are interested in conducting a similar study about

patriotism and watching South Korean TV drama, they are advised to include all the Senior High

School strands that this study failed to do due to the lack of time. Since this study focused only

on the Humanities and Social Sciences strand, there is only a low level of generalizability and

the strand itself might be a confounded variable that could possibly affected the answers of the

participants.

2. Another perspective that future researchers may take a look on is the participants‘

choice of words. The researchers noticed the participants‘ choice of words. The participants

would often use the word ―nila‖ or ―they‖ in English to describe the Filipinos. From this the

researchers infer that the participants are not considering themselves as one with the Filipinos

thus contradicting their previous statements stating that they are very proud to be a Filipino. The

statement can also be a manifestation of the distinction of patriotism and nationalism wherein

patriots criticizes their country whenever it is wrong or lacking as compared to nationalist that

devotes themselves entirely to the country. However there are numerous possible explanations

behind this choice of words. The Self-Categorization Theory may be a possible explanation. In

this theory, Haslam asserts that there are levels which a person may see himself as. One of

these levels is the personal identity, where the person sees himself as an individual with unique

82
characteristics or traits apart from others. There is also the social identity level where the

individual sees himself as one with the group. Haslam also mentioned that there are instances

when the two levels overlap. This happens when the individual considers himself as part of the

group but there are times that he sees his dominant unique characteristics. This, however, does

not mean that he isolates himself from the group; it just happens that there are characteristic(s)

that he possesses which other members of the group do not.

3. It is worth mentioning the participants‘ choice of words because it can greatly affect

the results of the study. It can either be evidence that can prove the participants‘ proclamation of

being truly proud of being Filipino or it can further support the inference that it is a manifestation

of the distinction of patriotism and nationalism.

4. Moreover, the current researchers would also like to recommend future researchers to

explore other settings, context, and variables in conducting this study so that the causation

could be viewed under a wider perspective and will not only be focused on teenagers, but also

on different ages as well.

5. In addition, the future researchers might also want to conduct a survey first as a way

of pinpoint Korean drama fans since the current researchers had a hard time looking for this

particular set of participants due to the participants' unavailability and refusal of being

interviewed. Consequently, this conflict leads to an unequal number of participants in which the

number females are higher than males. In order to increase the reliability and validity of this

study, the future researchers are advised to look for balanced number of male and female

participants and do it as early as possible.

83
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 APPENDIX A

CONSENT FORM

UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

Caloocan Campus

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: __________

Grade & Section: 12 - ___ Strand: Humanities and Social Sciences Age/Gender: ________

To our Dearest Participant,

Warm greetings!
We, the researchers from the Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Grade 12 –
Section One, are pleased to invite you to participate in our research study entitled “A
Comparative Study on the Effects of Korean Drama Consumption to the Patriotism of
University of the East – Caloocan Grade 12 HUMSS Fans and Non-fans” as a part of our
final requirement in Research Project (HRE 122). You were selected as one of our participants
due to its sampling method that has been used; Purposive Sampling Procedure and the
criteria created and decided by the researchers.
The objectives and aims of this research study are the following:
 To IDENTIFY the causation between watching Korean TV drama and the Korean drama
fans‘ patriotism.
 To IDENTIFY and ENUMERATE the effects of watching Korean TV drama affect the
patriotism of Korean drama fans.
 To DESCRIBE how watching Korean TV drama shape the preference of students in
terms of TV drama.
 To IDENTIFY and DESCRIBE the perceptions of non-Korean drama fans to the
consumption and increased popularity of Korean TV drama in their country.
 To EXPLAIN whether watching Korean TV drama has become a threat to the patriotism
of students.
 To DETERMINE the similarities and differences of how Korean drama fans and non-
Korean drama fans perceive their country.
 Your participation is completely at your own discretion. You may refuse to answer the
corresponding interview question provided. If you agree to participate, please answer the
questions honestly as possible. All of the information and answers will be kept strictly
confidential. Other than the researchers, no one will have an access in your individual profiles.
Your involvement and the information we collected from you, our dearest participant, would
be beneficial and helpful in answering the questions we have and as well as, in furthering our
research study and for the future same studies.
If you have any questions about our research or this questionnaire, please do not hesitate to
contact us at this e-mail account: rbbnsarreal@gmail.com and at this number: 0916-601-1147.
Thank you for your support and assistance for our educational endeavors!

Sincerely yours,
Researchers

Melo Mar Y. CABELLO

Joanne Mariel T. PALISOC

Remar Paulo L. PANGANIBAN

Janna T. SANTOSIDAD

Robbin L. SARREAL

I, ___________________, agree to participate in the research study entitled “A

Comparative Study on the Effects of Korean Drama Consumption to the Patriotism of
University of the East – Caloocan Grade 12 HUMSS Fans and Non-fans” as a part of the
final requirement of the researchers from the Humanities and Social Science strand Grade 12 -
Section One in their RESEARCH PROJECT (HRE 122).

__________________________________
Signature above the participant‟s full
name

Date Today
 APPENDIX B

INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONS || KOREAN TV DRAMA FANS

1. How proud are you of being a Filipino? Why?

a. Probing 1: Having said that, which aspects of being a Filipino are you proud of?
b. Probing 2: How do you express your pride as a Filipino?
c. (Discretionary) Probing 3: How proud are you of the Filipino values and norms?

2. How proud are you of the Philippines? Why?

a. Probing 1: Having said that, which aspects of the Philippines are you proud of?
b. Probing 2: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?
c. (Discretionary) Probing 3: How proud are you of the products made in the
Philippines?

3. In terms of TV Drama, which do you prefer to watch, Korean TV Drama or Filipino TV

Drama? Why?
a. (Discretionary) Probing 1: What are the qualities of Korean TV Drama that
made you choose it over Filipino TV Drama?
b. Probing 1: In average, how many Korean TV Drama do you watch in one
month?
c. Probing 2: In average, how many Filipino TV Drama do you watch in one
month?
d. Clarification: This is in terms of episodes, regardless if the participant finished the drama
or not.

4. Have you already bought/spent money on Korean Drama merchandise or anything

related/showed in various Korean TV Drama?
a. Probing 1.1: (If yes) How many times?
b. Probing 1.1: (If no) Why not?
c. Probing 1.2: (If the participant would allow) How much is the most expensive
merchandise you have bought?
d. Probing 2: Would you also consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV Drama?
Why?

5. Does watching Korean TV Drama help you in understanding South Korean culture? In
what ways?
a. Probing 1: Does watching Korean TV Drama give you a better picture and/or
perception of South Korea? How?
b. Probing 2: Does watching Korean TV Drama change your perception of your
own country? How?
c. Probing 3: Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama gives you a better
picture and/or perception of the Philippines? How?
d. Probing 4: Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama changes your
perception of the Philippines? How?
6. What do you think is the difference between South Korean culture to your local culture?
a. Probing 1: Do you think your local culture is inferior or superior to their culture?
b. Probing 2: What are the possible advantages that your local culture has that
their culture does not have?

7. Do you consider yourself as being influenced by South Korean culture in some ways
consciously/unconsciously? Why?
a. Probing 1: Can you give examples/situations?
b. Probing 2: How do you perceive this influence, is it positive or negative?

8. As a Filipino, do you see that the Korean Culture has already been incorporated as part
of your country?
a. Probing 1: (If yes) What are its manifestations?
b. Probing 2: How do you perceive this/these manifestation/s?
c. Probing 2.1: Are they Positive or Negative?
d. Probing 2.2: Why? How?
e. Probing 3: (If no) Why not?

9. Having said that, as an individual,

a. (If answered yes in the ninth question)
b. Can you see yourself being fully influenced by the Korean Culture for a long
time?
c. Probing 1: (If yes) Would you consider visiting/going/staying in South Korea?

d. (If answered no in the ninth question)

e. Can you see others whom you know as KDrama fans being fully influenced by
the Korean Culture for a long time?
f. Probing 1: (If yes) Do you think they would consider visiting/going/staying in
South Korea?
g. Probing 2: (If no) Why not?

10. If given a choice, would you still want to be a Filipino or would you rather choose to
change your nationality to be a Korean?
Probing 1: (If yes) Why?
Probing 2: (If no) Why not?

(If the answer in the previous question is to stay as a Filipino)

Probing 2: Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being a Filipino?

(If the answer in the previous question is to be a Korean)

Probing 2: Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being a Korean?
INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONS || KOREAN TV DRAMA NON-FANS

1. How proud are you of being a Filipino? Why?

a. Probing 1: Having said that, which aspects of being a Filipino are you proud of?
b. Probing 2: How do you express your pride as a Filipino?
c. (Discretionary) Probing 3: How proud are you of the Filipino values and norms?

2. How proud are you of the Philippines? Why?

a. Probing 1: Having said that, which aspects of the Philippines are you proud of?
b. Probing 2: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?
c. (Discretionary) Probing 3: How proud are you of the products made in the
Philippines?

3. In terms of TV Drama, which do you prefer to watch, Korean TV Drama or Filipino TV

Drama? Why?
a. (Discretionary) Probing 1: What are the qualities of Filipino TV Drama that
made you choose it over Korean TV Drama?
b. Probing 1: In average, how many Korean TV Drama do you watch in one
month?
c. Probing 2: In average, how many Filipino TV Drama do you watch in one
month?
d. Clarification: This is in terms of episodes, regardless if the participant finished the drama
or not.

4. What is your perception on the Korean Drama fans who spend money on KDrama
merchandises?
a. Probing 2: Why?
b. Probing 2: Would you consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV Drama? Why?

5. Do you think that watching Korean TV Drama helps KDrama fans in understanding
South Korean culture? In what ways?
a. Probing 1: Do you think watching Korean TV Drama gives them a better picture
and/or perception of South Korea? How?
b. Probing 2: Do you think watching Korean TV Drama changes their perception of
the Philippines? How?
c. Probing 3: Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama gives you a better
picture and/or perception of the Philippines? How?
d. Probing 4: Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama changes your
perception of the Philippines? How?

6. What do you think is the difference between South Korean culture to your local culture?
a. Probing 1: Do you think your local culture is inferior or superior to their culture?
b. Probing 2: What are the possible advantages that your local culture has that
their culture does not have?
7. Do you consider Korean TV Drama fans as being influenced by South Korean culture in
some ways consciously/unconsciously? Why?
a. Probing 1: Can you give examples/situations?
b. Probing 2: How do you perceive this influence, is it positive or negative?

8. As a Filipino, do you see that the Korean Culture has already been incorporated as part
of your country?
a. Probing 1: (If yes) What are its manifestations?
b. Probing 2: How do you perceive this/these manifestation/s?
c. Probing 2.1: Are they Positive or Negative?
d. Probing 2.2: Why? How?
e. Probing 3: (If no) Why not?

9. Having said that, as an observer, can you see the KDrama fans being fully influenced by
the Korean Culture in the future?
a. Probing 1: (If yes) Do you think they would consider visiting/going/staying in
South Korea? Why?
b. Probing 2: (If no) Why not?

10. If given a choice, do you think the KDrama fans would still want to be a Filipino or would
they rather choose to change their nationality to be a Korean?
Probing 1: (If yes) Why?
Probing 2: (If no) Why not?

(If the answer in the previous question is to stay as a Filipino)

Probing 2: Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being a Filipino?

(If the answer in the previous question is to be a Korean)

Probing 2: Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being a Korean?
 APPENDIX C
CODEBOOK || KOREAN TV DRAMA FANS
Created by: Sarreal and Palisoc
I.
A. Level/extent of closeness/feel close
towards Philippines
II.
A. Being proud as a Filipino
B. Aspects to consider to be a proud
Filipino
C. Expression of Filipino pride
D. Being proud of Filipino values and
norms
III.
A. Being proud of the Philippines
B. Aspects to consider to be proud of the
Philippines
C. Expression of being proud of the
Philippines
D. Being proud of Filipino-made products
IV.
A. Perception of own/one‘s love for
country
B. Manifestations of love for country
V.
A. Preferred TV drama
B. Qualities of preferred TV drama
C. Frequency of watching the preferred
TV drama
D. Frequency of watching local TV
drama (Frequency of watching)
REMOVED
A. Degree of pride for being a
Filipino/the participant‘s answer
whether he/she is a proud Filipino
or not
B. What particular aspects of being a
Filipino make the participant proud
of his/her nationality
C. In what ways do they express their
pride for being a Filipino
D. Degree of pride for being proud of
the Filipino values and norms
A. Degree of pride for the Philippines
B. What particular aspects of the
Philippines make the participant proud
of it
C. In what ways do they express their
pride for the Philippines
D. Degree of pride for Filipino-made
products
REMOVED
A. Their answers on what specific TV
drama (South Korean TV drama,
Filipino TV drama or none/others)
would they prefer to watch
B. Characteristics or unique qualities that
made them watch their preferred TV
drama
C. The average amount of time or days
per month that they spend by

VI.
A. View/Perception on buying K-merch
B. Frequency of buying K-merch
C. Extent of buying K-merch/Maximum
amount willing to spend
D. Possibility of buying K-drama
merch/local TV drama merch
VII.
A. Benefits of watching K-drama
B. Perception of South Korea
C. Change in perception of South Korea
D. Change in perception of the
Philippines through watching Korean
TV drama
E. No change in perception
F. Perception of Philippines
G. Change in perception of the
Philippines through watching local TV
drama
VIII.
A. Cultural differences
B. Inferiority of own culture
C. Superiority of own culture
D. Balanced view on both culture
E. Possible advantages of own culture
watching their preferred TV drama
D. The average amount of time or days
per month that they spend by
watching their preferred TV drama
A. Reasons on whether why they
purchase or not purchase Korean
drama merchandise
B. The number of times they have
bought or spent money on Korean
drama merchandise
C. The maximum amount of money that
they are willing to spend or they
already spent in purchasing Korean
drama merchandise
D. Thoughts on buying local TV drama
merchandise
A. Advantages that they could get from
watching Korean drama in terms of
learning the South Korean culture
B. Their view on South Korea
C. Their view on South Korea after being
influenced by the South Korean
culture
D. Their view on the Philippines after
being influenced by the South Korean
culture
E. Their view has on the Philippines has
not changed
F. Their view on Philippines
G. Their view on the Philippines after
watching local TV drama
A. The differences between the South
Korean and Filipino culture
B. The reasons why they think that their
local culture is inferior
C. The reasons why they think that their
local culture is superior
D. The reasons why they think that their
local culture is neither inferior or
superior
E. Good things/aspects that their local
culture have which the South Korean
culture does not have
IX.
A. Conscious influence of K-culture
B. Unconscious influence of K-culture
C. Manifestations of K-culture influence
D. Positive perception on manifestations
of K-culture influence
E. Negative perception on manifestations
of K-culture influence
X.
A. Incorporation of K-culture on one‘s
self
B. Manifestations of the incorporation
of K-culture on one‘s self
XI.
A. Incorporation of K-culture in the
Philippines
B. Manifestation of the incorporation of
K-culture in the Philippines
C. Positive perception on K-culture‘s
incorporation in the Philippines
D. Negative perception on K-culture‘s
incorporation in the Philippines
XII.
A. Possible chances of being fully
influenced
B. Plans for South Korea
C. Possible long-term influence
D. Possible long-term influence on others
E. Other fans‘ plans for South Korea
A. Confirmation of influence and
supporting reason
B. Confirmation of influence and
supporting reason
C. Examples of how K-culture influenced
the participant
D. Way of perception on the
manifestation of the K-culture
influence
E. Way of perception on the
manifestation of the K-culture
influence
REMOVED
A. Perception of the participant on the
incorporation of K-culture in the
Philippines
B. Examples of the incorporation of the
K-culture in the Philippines
C. Way of perception on the
incorporation of K-culture in the
Philippines
D. Way of perception on the
incorporation of K-culture in the
Philippines
A. Thoughts on being fully influenced by
the South Korean culture in the future
and the reasons why they would be
fully influenced or not
B. Reasons and answers on going to
South Korea either for good or for just
vacation purposes
C. Thoughts on whether they will still be
influenced by the South Korean
culture even in the future or not and its
reasons
D. Thoughts on whether they see other
fans as still being influenced by the
South Korean culture even in the
future or not and its reasons
E. Perceived reasons and answers on
other fans‘ plans on going to South
 Korea either for good or for just
vacation purposes

XIII.
A. Preferred nationality A. Their answer on whether they would
B. Reason for staying as a Filipino stay as a Filipino or they would
C. Meaning of being a Filipino change to be a Korean
D. Reason for changing to be a Korean B. Factors for staying as a Filipino
E. Meaning of being a Korean C. Perceived meaning of being a Filipino
D. Factors for changing to be a Korean
E. Perceived meaning of being a Korean
 CODEBOOK || KOREAN TV DRAMA NON-FANS
Created by: Palisoc and Sarreal
I.
A. Level/extent of closeness/feel close
towards Philippines
II.
A. Being proud as a Filipino
B. Aspects to consider to be a proud
Filipino
C. Expression of Filipino pride
D. Being proud of Filipino values and
norms
III.
A. Being proud of the Philippines
B. Aspects to consider to be proud of the
Philippines
C. Expression of being proud of the
Philippines
D. Being proud of Filipino-made products
IV.
A. Perception of own/one‘s love for
country
B. Manifestations of love for country
V.
A. Preferred TV drama
B. Qualities of preferred TV drama
C. Frequency of watching the preferred
TV drama
VI.
A. View/Perception on buying K-merch
B. Possibility of buying local TV drama
REMOVED
A. Degree of pride for being a Filipino/the
participant‘s answer whether he/she is
a proud Filipino or not
B. What particular aspects of being a
Filipino make the participant proud of
his/her nationality
C. In what ways do they express their
Filipino pride
D. Degree of pride for being proud of the
Filipino values and norms
A. Degree of pride for the Philippines
B. What particular aspects of the
Philippines make the participant proud
of it
C. In what ways do they express their
pride for the Philippines
D. Degree of pride for Filipino-made
products
REMOVED
A. Their answers on what specific TV
drama (South Korean TV drama,
Filipino TV drama or none/others)
would they prefer to watch
B. Characteristics or unique qualities that
made them watch their preferred TV
drama
C. The average amount of time or days
per month that they spend by
watching their preferred TV drama
A. How they view k-drama fans‘ practice
on buying k-merch
B. Thoughts on buying local TV drama
 merch merchandise

VII.
A. Benefits of watching K-drama A. Advantages that they think k-drama
B. Perception of South Korea fans could get from watching Korean
C. Change in perception of South Korea drama in terms of learning the South
D. Perception of the Philippines Korean culture
E. Change in perception of the B. Their perceived view of how k-drama
Philippines fans see South Korea
C. Their perceived view of how k-drama
fans see South Korea after being
influenced by the South Korean
culture through watching k-drama
D. Their perceived view of how k-drama
fans see the Philippines
E. Their perceived view of how k-drama
fans see the Philippines after being
influenced by the South Korean
culture

VIII.
A. Cultural differences A. The differences between the South
B. Inferiority of own culture Korean and Filipino culture
C. Superiority of own culture B. The reasons why they think that their
D. Balanced view on both culture local culture is inferior
E. Possible advantages of own culture C. The reasons why they think that their
local culture is superior
D. The reasons why they think that their
local culture is neither inferior nor
superior
E. Good things/aspects that their local
culture have which the South Korean
culture does not have

IX.
A. Conscious influence of K-culture
B. Positive perception on manifestations
of K-culture influence
C. Negative perception on manifestations
of K-culture influence
D. Balanced perception/neutral view on
K-culture influence
A. Confirmation of influence and
supporting reason
B. Way of perception on the
manifestation of the K-culture
influence
C. Way of perception on the
manifestation of the K-culture
influence
D. Way of perception on the
manifestation of the K-culture
influence
X.
A. Incorporation of K-culture on one‘s
self
B. Manifestations of the incorporation
of K-culture on one‘s self
XI.
A. Incorporation of K-culture in the
Philippines
B. Manifestation of the incorporation of
K-culture in the Philippines
C. Positive perception on K-culture‘s
incorporation in the Philippines
D. Balanced perception/neutral view on
K-culture‘s incorporation
XII.
A. Possible chances of being fully
influenced
B. Plans for South Korea
XIII.
A. Preferred nationality
B. Reason for staying as a Filipino
C. Reason for changing into Korean
D. Meaning of being a Filipino
E. Meaning of being a Korean
REMOVED
A. Perception of the participant on the
incorporation of K-culture in the
Philippines
B. Examples of the incorporation of the
K-culture in the Philippines
C. Way of perception on the
incorporation of K-culture in the
Philippines
D. Way of perception on the
incorporation of K-culture in the
Philippines
A. Thoughts on k-drama fans as being
fully influenced by the South Korean
culture in the future and the reasons
why they would be fully influenced or
not
B. Reasons and answers on whether
they think that k-drama fans have
plans on going to South Korea either
for good or for just vacation purposes
A. Their answer on whether they
think that k-drama fans would
stay as a Filipino or they would
change to be a Korean
B. Factors for staying as a Filipino
C. Factors for changing into
Korean
D. Perceived meaning of being a
Filipino
E. Perceived meaning of being a
Korean
 APPENDIX D
LEVEL ONE CODING || KOREAN TV DRAMA FANS
Created by: Palisoc

MAIN QUESTION 1: How proud are you of being a Filipino? Why?

Minho: Siguro proud ako bilang Filipino na kaya kong ipagmalaki sa ibang lahi na
Filipino ako kahit saan man ako magpunta kasi wala naman ibang magmamalaki sa mga
Filipino kung hindi tayo mismong mga Filipino.

Shin Hye: Somehow proud. Ayan. Somehow proud kasi diba ang rich ng culture and
traditions natin. Up until now na-pepepreserve pa din natin yung iba.

Suli: Uhm, proud po ako in a way na kasi diba ang Filipino kasi is matulungin lalo na
kapag ibang lahi yung ano, yung humihingi ng tulong.

Gong Yoo: Sa palagay ko sobrang close [proud] ako sa Philippines kasi sinusuportahan
ko yung products nila and pag may mga bagong labas then kapag may budget naman
ako, why not na hindi sila suportahan. So for me, close ako sa Philippines.

Yoona: Feeling ko para sakin yung pagiging proud ko as a Filipino is for me ah, I think
I‘m a proud filipino, maraming ipagmamalaki yung bansa natin, maraming ipagmamalaki
yung culture natin and yung traditions natin, pwede nating masabi na at par with other
countries.

A. Probing 1: Having said that, which aspects of being a Filipino are you proud of?

Minho: Siguro yung pinakakilala na ng buong mundo, yung pagiging hospitable natin sa
mga bisita natin. Syempre mas magandang ipagmalaki yun kapag may mga touristang
galing sa ibang bansa na pumupunta sa bayan natin. Kailangan natin maging
hospitable para makilala tayo sa tourismo.

Shin Hye: Yung sa mga values natin. As a Filipino, katulad ng pagiging hospitable
kapagka may mga dayuhan diba na pumupunta dito sa atin.
 Suli: Uhm, sa pagiging matulungin nila. Sa pagiging matulungin natin.

Gong Yoo: Ano… Sa lahat. Sa colors [race/ethnicity], sa nationality, and of course, sa

mga kababayan natin lalo na sa mga athlete like Manny Pacquiao.

Yoona: Feeling ko yung mga aspect kung saan proud ako. First of all yung mga Filipino,
yung mga famous Filipino na nag-thrive sa other countries. Nakakaproud na yung mga
fellow Filipino citizen mo successful siya and kilala sa other countries. Second is values
natin na kahit nasa ibang bansa ka na or nandito ka, patuloy pa rin siyang pinapractice
even if andami ng development sa country natin, di pa rin nawawala yung values natin.

B. Probing 2: How do you express your pride as a Filipino?

Minho: Mahirap yung tanong pero siguro bilang isang estudyante mas nakikinig ako ng
mga music na Filipino. Oo, sabihin na natin K-pop fan ako pero may mga Filipino musics
akong pinapakinggan at tsaka yung mga products ng Pinoy may mas tiwala ako sa mga
produktong Pinoy kaysa sa ibang produkto eh kasi hindi ko naman mababasa yung
ibang mga sulat [label] sa mga produkto. Malay mo, expired na ‗yun eh dito sa Filipino
mababasa at maiintindihan natin yung mga produkto label nila sa products or items.

Shin Hye: As a Filipino, like for example nung pumunta kami sa ibang country mayroon
kaming foreign friend and kinuwento naming sa kanila kung gaano ka-rich yung culture
natin dito sa Philippines and tinuturuan din namin sila ng language natin na Filipino and
kapag syempre yung sa ibang bansa nag-uusap kami ng Filipino so parang ineexpress
yung proud naming na Filipino kami.

Suli: Uhm, syempre of course sa mga products ng Filipino, uhm mostly ang binibili ko
kasi is made of, made in [the] Philippines. Hindi sa. Uhm, kung bibili man ako sa
[products ng] ibang bansa, konti lang. Pero mas more on talaga sa Pilipino.

Gong Yoo: Siguro, yung hindi ka mahihiya in a way na proud ka palagi then of course,
wala kang doubt na Filipino ka sa lahat ng pakikisalamuha mo.

Yoona: Feeling ko naman yung being a proud Filipino means na kaya mong mag voice
out ng opinions mo yung mga issues regarding the Philippines. So para sakin
mapapakita ko yung pride ko as a Filipino for example nag popost ako ng opinions ko,
 yung mga opinions ko na rationale. For example sa twitter na maipapakita ko na may
pake ako as a Filipino.

C.(Discretionary) Probing 3: How proud are you of the Filipino values and norms?

Minho: Kung i-rarate ko, very very proud.

Very proud kasi diba nakilala tayo marami na tayong mga kalamidad na
pinagdaanan. Kilala tayo kasi sa trait na resilient, resilience daw tayo sa bansag
ng ibang mga bansa sa ating mga Filipino kasi kahit sobrang dami na nating
pinagdaanan mga problema nakangiti pa din tayo at nakikipagtulungan o
pagbibigay ng kooperasyon sa bawat isa.

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]

Suli: [Question Skipped]
Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]
Yoona: [Question Skipped]

MAIN QUESTION 2: How proud are you of the Philippines? Why?

Minho: Kung i-rarate natin siguro ulit, very very proud. Yung Pilipinas kasi kaya nang
makipagsabayan sa mga growing economy sa mga neighbor countries niya like China,
India. Yung Pilipinas ngayon kasi tumataas na yung ekonomiya natin, diba? At mas
nakakaproud kapag sa news halimbawa na narinig mo, syempre magiging proud ka as a
Filipino ―Ay, Philippines yung bansa na ‗yan. Filipino tayo.‖

Shin Hye: Somehow proud din kasi kahit hindi naman ganun kaunlad yung Philippines
kapag naman sa mga competition like beauty pageants yung mga sports nakilala yung
bansa natin. Kaya proud naman ako.

Suli: Uhm, proud ako sa Philippines kasi diba, kapag ico-compare mo siya sa ibang
bansa, kumbaga alam natin na kapag Pilipinas nandoon na ang Hong Kong, nandoon
na yung ibang bansa. Kumbaga sa Pilipinas pinagsama-sama nalang nila ang
magagandang tourist spots sa ibang bansa.
 Gong Yoo: Sa pamamagitan ng kapag mayroon mga banyaga na nagtanong sa akin
kung ano yung mayroon sa Philippines, hindi ko siya ikakahiya, ipapakita ko kung ano
ang mayroon sa Pilipinas and of course, lahat ng specialty or kung ano man ang
mayroon sa Pilipinas sasabihin ko sa kanila.

Yoona: Sa situation ngayon is, masasabi ko is 50-50. First of all, proud ako sa
Philippines kasi ang dami nating progess within the past few years, marami na ring
bagay na nabago for the better and yet, still the other thing is di ako ka-proud sa
Philippines is because meron pa rin ilang issues na hanggang ngayon di pa din
nasosolusyonan. Even after kahit gaano natin pinagpalitpalit yung government natin
yung system natin di pa din nababago.

A. Probing 1: Having said that, which aspects of the Philippines are you proud of?

Minho: Siguro yung sa mga natural resources natin sa Pilipinas. Sobrang popular ang
Pilipinas sa mga natural resources natin like yung sa Palawan, sa Boracay. Popular tayo
sa mga beaches. Sa mga beaches na white sand tapos yung mga historical sites like
Intramuros, Cebu at iba pa. Aspect sa tourismo and natural resources din talaga.
Shin Hye: Ayun sa mga napapanalo natin, doon ako proud. Yung galling ng Filipino.
Galing ng mga tao sa Philippines.

Suli: Siguro yung traditions, culture at tsaka yung values.

Gong Yoo: Siguro sa mga notable places dito. Sa food and sa mga athletes na sikat
dito sa

Pilipinas. Ayun lang.

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

B. Probing 2: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?

Minho: Isang beses pala yung nagkaroon ng botohan sa ―7 wonders of Nature‖. Dating
dati pa ‗yun like 2012. Sobrang into talaga ako doon, sobrang inimmersed ko yung sarili
ko doon sa pagboto. Tapos kapag sa Miss Universe lalo na kapag international
 competitions kapag sa internet hanggat kaya ko ginagawa ko yung paraan para
makapagcontribute sa panalo ng mga competitors na galing dito sa Pilipinas para sa
mga international competitions. Like sa Miss Universe, pag internet voting tapos yung
halimbawa nga yung sa Puerto Princesa bumoto din ako doon. Ayun wala na akong
maalala.

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]

Suli: Uhm, yung pride ko? Uhm. Syempre, first tinatangkilik ko kasi yung uhm, yung
mother tongue natin which is Filipino.

Gong Yoo: Siguro sa pamamagitan nang pagsuport sa mga slogan natin like yung ―It‘s
more fun in the Philippines‖ or pag-ano [promote] sa mga social media i-express mo
yung mga bagong products natin.

Yoona: Feeling ko naman kasi yung pag take part mo. For example sa success ng
Philippines. Alam mo sa sarili mo na nagtake part ka dun. Feeling ko yun yung way ko in
expressing na nakatulong ako, alam ko sa sarili ko yun, once na alam ko nag thrive yung
idea na yun.

C. (Discretionary) Probing 3: How proud are you of the products made in the Philippines?

Minho: Proud na proud ako kasi sobrang pinagbuhusan ng enerhiya, energy, ng effort,
pinagbuhusan talaga siya ng effort yung mga produkto natin. Most of the products kasi
natin ay mga handmade kasi nga naglalack tayo ng mga machineries or technological
something. Sa ibang bansa puro products of machines tapos mga scientifical kineme
yung mga product nila. Sa atin, natural and mas nabigyan ng effort kumbaga mas dama
mo yung pagmamahal sa product na ‗yun habang ginagamit mo ‗yun.

Shin Hye: Proud, kasi ang galing diba kasi hanggang ngayon pati yung mga dating
products mayroon din kasi mga stores na pang Filipino tapos binebenta sa airport tapos
binibili ng mga dayuhan.

Suli: Siguro proud ako, 100% kasi yung quality nila is maganda talaga tsaka matibay.

Gong Yoo: Syempre, mapapakita mo naman na proud ka kapag sinuportahan mo siya.

Kapag mayroon iPhone di kaya or cellphone ng Pilipinas, syempre kung bibilhin mo
 yung product ng Philippines, of course mapapakita mo pa din na proud ka kasi mas pinili
mo pa rin yung sariling atin.

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

MAIN QUESTION 3: In terms of TV Drama, which do you prefer to watch, Korean TV Drama or
Filipino TV Drama? Why?

Minho: Honestly yung mga Korean drama kasi mas malalim yung pinaghuhugutan nila,
mas maraming mga twist. Hindi katulad dito sa mga Philippine drama, pinoy drama na
sobrang predictable yung plot. Sa K-drama kasi sobrang mamangha ka kapag
napanood mo ‗yun lalo na sa mga kapag revelations na.

Shin Hye: K-drama.

Suli: Pagdating kasi diyan yung pipiliin ko is yung Korean, yung gawa ng Korea. Kasi
kapag Korea kasi unpredictable, not - unlike kasi, pag Philippines na kasi yung
pinaguusapan, predictable na kasi yung mga nangyayari eh. Puro mga kabit, tungkol sa
pag-ibig, ganun.

Gong Yoo: Honestly, Filipino TV drama pa din kahit na nanonood ako ng K-drama.
Filipino drama kasi mas makakarelate ako tsaka sa lahat ng mga drama na iyon and of
course, medyo naranasan ko yung iba. Makakarelate ka lang talaga.

Yoona: Sa tingin ko yung Korean drama, is yung storyline nila is different, unique siya in
every series, di tulad dito sa Philippines na madalas same storyline lang eh sobrang
redundant. Nag-iiba lang yung characters, nag-iiba lang yung pangalan, and yet same
pa rin yung story niya. So mas preferred ko yung Korean TV drama.

A.(Discretionary) Probing 1: What are the qualities of Korean TV drama made you
choose it over Korean TV Drama?

Minho: Siguro yung unang una yung mga artista. Kilala talaga yung mga artista nila kasi
kailangan pa nilang mag undergo pa sa training bago ka maging artist doon sa Korea.
 Tapos yung quality of films, sobrang gaganda ng mga ano nila. Like 3D, yung sa film?
Anong tawag mo dito? Basta ganun. Mas maganda yung quality na binibigay nila sa
mga Korean drama sa mga televiewers kaysa sa mga Filipino. Lalo na yung plot,
sobrang ganda talaga ng mga plot nila and tsaka unpredictable yung mga events doon
sa story.
Shin Hye: Siguro yung uniqueness ng mga palabas nila [Korean], yung pagkakaiba iba
nila, hindi paulit ulit.

Suli: [Question Skipped]

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

C. Probing 2: In average, how many Korean TV Drama do you watch in one month?

Minho: Ngayon medyo ano muna ako sa K-drama pero may pinapanood akong dalawa
ngayon. Sa isang linggo kasi isang series yung tinatapos ko. Siguro mga four.

Shin Hye: Isa lang siguro kasi nga mahaba yung series.

Suli: Siguro in one month, nakaka-lima ako.

Gong Yoo: Mga apat or lima.

Yoona: Pag di masyadong Busy 2-3, pero kapag masyadong hectic yung gawaan,
siguro mga 1 in an average.

C. Probing 3: In average, how many Filipino TV Drama do you watch in one month?
Clarification: This is in terms of episodes, regardless if the participant finished the drama or
not.

Minho: Ay hindi na kasi ako masyadong nanonod ng mga TV ngayon pero may
sinusubaybayan ako ngayon yung La Luna Sanggre. Siguro mga isa or dalawa nalang
kasi hindi kasi ano ako ngayon sa TV, dami kasing assignments, nakakaloka.

Shin Hye: Hindi ako masyadong nanonoood. Kapag kasi nakabukas yung TV titingin
lang ako pero hindi ko tinatapos, hindi ko kasi pinagtutuunan ng pansin kasi parang
 alam mo na yung mangyayari. Sampalan lang ganun, agawan ng asawa. Typical na
kaya wala na din akong interes.

Suli: Siguro ano, dalawa lang. Dalawa lang.

Gong Yoo: Siguro seven to eight.

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

MAIN QUESTION 4. Have you already bought/spent money on Korean Drama merchandise or
anything related/showed in various Korean TV Drama?

Minho: Ay hindi. Ayun talaga yung ano ko. Kapag may K-drama lang, drama lang. Wala
nang bili bili ng mga produkto kasi nagtitipid din ako. Hindi ako gumagastos kahit na
sinabi kahit na may sinabing may bayad yung panoorin like sa mga applications na BIU
diba may bayad ‗yun. Nanonood lang talaga ako sa mga web na free. Hindia ko nag
iispend ng money para sa K-drama something.

Shin Hye: Isang beses lang yung sa Soju. Yung lagi nilang iiniinom. Gusto ko kasing

ma-try kung ano yung lasa nun kasi yung napanood yung kay Kim Bok Joo, ;yun yung

lagi nilang iniinom. Kahit saan K-drama may makikita kang Soju so sinubukan ko kung

masarap ba ganun.

Suli: Uhm, actually meron na 'kong nabili na gawa ng Korea pero konti lang siya.

Gong Yoo: No, sa mga free TV lang, free websites lang.

Yoona: Di naman.

A.Probing 1.1: (If yes) How many times?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]
Suli: Nakabili ako siguro mga five times, ganun.
 Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

B.Probing 1.1: (If no) Why not?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]
Suli: [Question Skipped]
Gong Yoo: Hindi pa. Walang pambili, tapos minsan kapag may pambili ka mas
maganda yung susuportahan mo na yung Philippine products.
Yoona: First of all, yung series naman kasi, pag bumili ka ng merchandise, Kalaunan,
malalaos na din, so yung binili mo sayang lang. Second, mahal yung merchandise.
Instead na spend mo yung pera mo sa merchandise, why not spend it on other things na
makakabuti sayo

C.Probing 1.2: (If the participant would allow) How much is the most expensive merchandise
you have bought?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: Ayun lang naman yung binili ko pero hindi ko talaga ineexpect na mahal pala
‗yun compared sa ibang drinks. 80 pesos.
Suli: Siguro yung pinakamahal is yung 200 pesos siya.

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

D. Probing 2: Would you also consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV Drama? Why?

Minho: Yes, siguro.

Kung sobrang fan ako siguro ng drama na ‗yun, siguro bibili ako kapag may pera ako
pero ngayon kasi wala talaga eh. Hindi kasi ako fan ng mga Pinoy drama ngayon.
Siguro, imbis na bumili ako iipunin ko nalang.
 Shin Hye: Hindi naman. Yung iba kinokonsider yun as jeje diba. ―Ay bumili ng Ang
Probinsyano [merchandise] kemeng ganiyan, sobrang addict sa Ang Probinsyano‖

Suli: Actually, sorry for the word, hindi ako bibili kasi alam mo yung binebenta kasing
merchandise ng mga TV Drama dito sa Pilipinas may mga mukha kasi ng artista.
Parang ang awkward kasi kapag bibilhin mo siya tas susuotin mo siya.

Gong Yoo: Syempre, ‗yun nga yung sariling atin. Sino pa ba susuporta? Filipino din,
tayo rin.

Tsaka kung paano mo ma-encourage na gumawa ulit ng panibagong products kung

walang susuporta sa kanila.

Yoona: Hindi.

Ang jejemon kasi, tapos pangalawa di mo naman magagamit sa buhay mo ba‘t ka

naman bibili ng album nila diba. Sayang pera.

MAIN QUESTION 5. Does watching Korean TV Drama help you in understanding South Korean
culture? In what ways?

Minho: Yung culture kasi nila sobrang respect tapos magalang sila. Ultimo sa pagbobow
doon sa mga napapanood ko. Tapos sobrang gagalang nila sa mga elders sa mga
Koreans Yung sa mga Korean values sobrang pinapahalagahan talaga nila yung elders
sa Korea.

Shin Hye: Siguro kasi pinapakita naman sa palabas nila yung mga culture nila. Kasama
na doon yung ginagawa nila everyday.

Suli: Uhm, yes. Especially kasi yung pinapanood ko kasi is yung history nila. So na
tritrigger din ako na magresearch about sa tradition nila tsaka sa culture.

Gong Yoo: Yes, sa pamamagitan ng ano, syempre sa isang episode pa lang nila
mapapakita na ganito yung tradisyon nila. Sa simpleng paghanda ng pagkain. So for
me, napapakita nila yung simpleng culture or traditions nila.

Yoona: Yes
 Isa sa favourite kong genre ng k-drama is yung history kasi first of all napakacolorful ng
history nila. Pag napapanood mo nakakasama ka din dun kaya mas iintindihan mo
culture nila.

A.Probing 1: Does watching Korean TV Drama give you a better picture and/or perception
of South Korea? How?

Minho: Ay feeling ko hindi pa ganoon. Yung South Korean TV drama kasi napapanood
ko pinapakita lang nila yung good side ng Korea, parang wala pa akong nakikitang K-
drama na halimbawa na tumutukoy sa kahirapan sa South Korea, sa mga krimen. Puro
good side palang talaga. Feeling ko hindi ko pa nakikita yung Korea sa mga napanood
kong K-drama.

Shin Hye: Oo, kasi yung sa mga traits palang na pinapakita nila doon sa mga palabas
parang makikita mo na ―Ay, ang cute cute nila‖ parang ganito pala mayroon din palang
values sa Filipino, parang may pagkakapareho pala.

Suli: Uhm, oo kasi kumbaga yung cinematography kasi na pinagsho shootan kasi nila
ang ganda.

Gong Yoo: For me yes, kasi kapag nanonood ka ng K-Drama parang nagbabasa ka na
din ng novel or history books nila kasi ang pinagkaiba lang nila dito is yung script and
visualization. And of course, kapag may ganun nasasama na nila culture and traditions
nila na napapanood ko at minsan pa nga ay na-aadapat pa nating mga Filipino.

Yoona: Oo, yun nga diba sabi ko yung history. Nakikita mo yung development nila dun.
Tapos habang napapanood mo yung drama, parang nakikita mo yung goals nila. Yung
present nila, development nila sa country.

B.Probing 2: Does watching Korean TV Drama change your perception of your own
country? How?

Minho: Yes, sa perception tungkol siguro sa aspect ng film industry. Yung mga movie
movie something, mga films, mga series doon siguro nag change yung view ko.
Napagtanto ko na mas maganda talaga yung quality ng mga K-drama kaysa sa mga
 Filipino TV drama pero ngayon may mga Filipino drama na nagpapasiklab na parang
umuunlad at ginagaya na yung technique ng Korean drama like yung kayla Nash Aguas,
na gandahan kasi ako sa plot na ‗yun. The Good Son iyon. Ayun parang na change
yung view ko sa Pilipinas, sa film industry lang pero hindi as a whole.

Shin Hye: Hindi naman. Noon ko pa kasi alam yung mga palabas sa atin, parang paulit
ulit nalang kaya nung nanood ako ng K-drama, syempre hindi naman ako ma-sashock
na maganda yun. ―Ay iba ‗to!‖ Hindi naman mababago kasi parang alam ko na ganun
talaga yung Sistema sa mga palabas sa country natin.

Suli: Uhm. Actually hindi naman nabago ang perspective ko about sa Pilipinas, ganun
pa rin siya.

Gong Yoo: No.

Yoona: Yes. magkakaroon kasi ng comparison eh. Nakikita mo na For example is

KDrama makikita mo yung sistema nila sa bansa nila. And yet maiisip mo na bakit di
pwede iapply sa bansa natin para mas maging develop tayo.

C.Probing 3: Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama gives you a better picture and/or
perception of the Philippines? How?

Minho: Ay, oo, yes. Dito kasi sa mga Philippine drama kahit predictable yung plot
pinapakita talaga nila kung ano yung nangyayari sa plot, sa totoong buhay like yung sa
Ang Probinsyano, kahirapan tapos sa The Good Son, maganda din kasi yung The Good
Son kasi sakit kasi may schizophrenia. Tapos yung kay Lily Cruz [Wildflower] marami pa
yung iba tapos yung Pangako Sa‘yo. Basta yung mga films [drama] talaga dito makikita
mo talaga yung Pilipinas as a whole dahil nirereflect talaga nila yung reality.

Shin Hye: Oo, kasi kung ano pinapakita nila sa atin ganun yung nangyayari sa bansa
natin. Yung mga ugali na nagagawa ng asawa, yung mga paghihinganti, paulit-ulit
nalang.

Suli: Uhm. Actually hindi naman nabago ang perspective ko about sa Pilipinas, ganun
pa rin siya.
 Gong Yoo: Siguro sa pamamagitan ng kapag mayroon sila isang episode na shinoshoot
nila sa ganitong notable lugar natin of course, ma-aadapt nga natin yung culture natin.
For example, kapag nagshoot sila sa Baguio and then kapag yung mga tauhan nila is
yung mga naka-bahag. And of course, makikita din natin kung ano yung mayroon doon,
mayroon sa traditions nila. Ayun lang.

Yoona: Para sakin oo, kasi yung mga storylines kasi ng Philippines, Eto yung
nangyayari sa bansa natin, mas nagiging aware ako sa ano yung nangyayari. Parang a
glimpse of reality thru TV drama

D.Probing 4: Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama changes your perception of the
Philippines? How?

Minho: No, hindi niya na chachange kasi kung paano ko nakikita yung Pilipinas sa
reyalidad ay ganoon din ko nakikita yung Pilipinas sa pamamagitan ng mga drama na
iyon kasi totoo naman yung pinapakita nila. Ayun, tsaka kasi minsan yung mga drama
sa Pilipinas nagpapakita sila ng mga quality ng Filipino, hospitable, kaya medyo
nagchachange din yung perception ko sa Pilipinas pero as a whole hindi talaga. Nakikita
ko din naman kasi talaga sa reyalidad ‗yun.

Shin Hye: Hindi naman. Ganun pa din. Ganun pa din yung palabas, bakit magbabago
eh ganun naman talaga sa reyalidad.

Suli: Actually hindi e. Kasi kapag nanuod ka kasi ng drama ng Philippines, more on
SPG siya. Yun, kasi nagfofocus sila sa sexual, uhm. Ganun din sa pananakit kasi may
mga pisikal, ganun.

Gong Yoo: Hindi naman masyado. Hindi talaga. Wala wala.

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

MAIN QUESTION 6. What do you think is the difference between South Korean culture to your
local culture?

Minho: Yung sa South Korean culture kasi mas pinapahalagahan nila yung mga
traditions nila kumbaga kung ano yung mga nakagawian nila sa dati pinapratice pa din
nila hanggang ngayon kasi sa atin kumbaga yung mga parang ginagawa noon
kinakalimutan natin like Bayanihan. Bihira ka nalang makakita nang nagbabayanihan
ngayon, yung binubuhat yung bahay tapos ililipat sa ibang lugar. Tapos yung mga
nagbabarong at baro‘t saya, bihira ka nalang makakita. Kapag may mga okasyon ka
nalang makakita ng ganun. Sa South Korea, kahit walang okasyon nag gaganun sila
[traditional costume] kahit na bibisita lang sila sa ibang lugar. Hindi silang nahihiyang
magsuot, pinagmamalaki kasi nila yung kultura. Tayo kasi parang nahihiya tayo sa
kultura natin, parang Xenocentrism.
Shin Hye: Mas discipline sila kasi makikita mo naman diba na ang ayos ayos na mga
lugar nila compared sa atin pati yung mga pag-uugali nila, may mga delikadesa. Mga
quiet lang ganun.

Suli: Uhm, kasi. Ah! Uhm, sa South Korea kasi pinapahalagahan parin nila yung ah
yung kapag patay na yung isang tao, araw araw silang nagdadasal doon. Compared sa
Filipino na tuwing November 2 lang nila naaalala yung mga mahal nila sa buhay na wala
na.

Gong Yoo: Siguro yung South Korean culture ay more on preserving the history nila.
Preserving in a way na yung mga traditions nila ay pinapakita nila palagi. Yung sa
Filipino culture kasi ay medyo adaptation na ng iba‘t ibang cultures kumbaga mixed na.
Doon sa South Korean culture ay yung traditions talaga ang pinagtutuunan nila.
Yoona: Unang una sa lahat yung respect nila. Kahit sabihin mong yung Pilipino nila na
magagalang sila. Pag nanonood ka ng Korean drama iba yung way ng discipline nila
yung respect nila sa other people. Eto yung oras at lugar kung saan ka sasakay ng bus.
Yung kasama nila mga elders nila iba yung pinapakita nilang respect kesa sa nakikita
natin sa philippines
 A.Probing 1: Do you think your local culture is inferior or superior to their culture?

Minho: Inferior yung culture natin. Nanatili pa din kasi yung crab mentality and colonial
mentality tapos mas pinapahagalahan pa natin yung produkto ng iba kaysa sa atin.
Kagaya sa atin, aminado naman ako, tingin ko sa mga drama natin kumbaga wala sa
standards.

Shin Hye: Hindi naman [inferior], pantay lang. Feel ko pantay pa din naman kasi proud
pa din naman ako. Kahit na mas nasasapawan ng mga Korean TV drama yung mga
palabas natin.

Suli: Uhm, for me inferior. Kasi, mas maganda kasi ang nagiging culture ng South
Korea. Kasi, consistent kasi yung ano, yung culture nila. Kumbaga, oo nagbabago pero
nandoon parin kasi talaga yung, nadoon pa rin yung pinaka meaning nun.

Gong Yoo: For me, inferior, hindi kasi siya ganun impluwensya [influential] or maka-
influence sa katulad kong student and particular sa ibang mga Filipino na kagaya ko.
Yoona: Sa nangyayari sa atin ngayon. I think inferior yung culture natin simply because.
Tayong Filipino, inaadapt natin yung culture natin.

B.Probing 2: What are the possible advantages that your local culture has that their culture
does not have?

Minho: Siguro yung pakikipagtulungan sa kapwa sa oras ng kalamidad or hindi

inaasahan like yung mga nangyari katulad ng sa Marawi clash, Yolanda surge, yung
mga ganun. Unexpectedly, lumalabas yung pusong matulungin natin mga Filipino lalo na
sa mga hindi inaasahan katulad nalang sa mga kalamidad na nangyayari. Sobrang
iniisip talaga natin yung makakabuti sa kapwa natin kaysa sa sarili natin kumbaga hindi
natin iinisip yung makakabuti lang sa atin bagkus kung ano yung matutulong natin sa
kapwa. Kung ano yung kailangan nating maibigay na wala sa kanila. Napansin ko sa
ibang bansa sobrang self-centered nila parang hindi nila iniisip yung mga taong nasa
paligid nila. Kahit sa bahay, sobrang layo layo ng bahay sa kanila. Parang sobrang
private kumbaga, dito kasi sa Pilipinas kahit magkakatabi na yung bahay wala pa din
pakelam kumbaga na dedevelop dito sa culture natin yung damayan.
 Shin Hye: Diba sa Korea kapag tumuntong ka ng age ng 18 yata ‗yun, para
magpasurgery sila para lang makapasok sa TV ganiyan yung para maging artista ka,
magpapaopera ka. Parang wala silang confidence sa mga hitsura nila kasi ditto sa atin
confident tayo kahit ano tayo. Parang may pagpapahalaga tayo sa binigay sa atin. Hindi
mo na babaguhin.

Suli: Uhm, meron naman. Kasi kapag nanonood ka ng TV Drama ng Pilipinas talagang
binubuhay talaga nila yung realidad doon sa scenario doon sa gawa nila.

Gong Yoo: Siguro yung South Korean culture ay more on preserving the history nila.

Preserving in a way na yung mga traditions nila ay pinapakita nila palagi. Yung sa

Filipino culture kasi ay medyo adaptation na ng iba‘t ibang cultures kumbaga mixed na.

Doon sa South Korean culture ay yung traditions talaga ang pinagtutuunan nila.

Yoona: Yung pagiging happy nila. Yung very positive kasi ng mga Filipinos. Yet sa
south korea, sobrang stressed nila sa work nila. Di na nila kaya maging happy, di kaya
maging positive sa lives nila

MAIN QUESTION 7. Do you consider yourself as being influenced by South Korean culture in
some ways consciously/unconsciously? Why?

Minho: Na-impluwensyahan ako ng South Korea of course, consciously. Alam ko

naman na impluwensyahan nila ako. Sa pannamit pa lang eh, hindi naman sa
pananamit na nagpapalit ako ng kulay ng buhok. Parang mas in kasi yung Korean
fashion. Sa mga idols na nakikita ko sa pananamit nila, yun nga lang hindi lang talaga
applicable sa Pilipinas. Lalo na yung mga sweater sweater na ‗yan. Na-influenced ako
ng culture na iyon sa fashion, kung paano ako makipag-interact sa mga tao. Sa mga
South Korean drama, diba nga sabi ko kanina, sobrang pagpapahalaga yung binibigay
nila sa elders nila. Ngayon, lately ko lang na-realize na kailangan mom aging
mapagmahal ka sa magulang mo at kailangan mong suklian yung binibigay nila sa‘yo.
Naging family oriented ako through South Korean drama.
Shin Hye: Consciously siguro yung words [language] nila minsan na gagaya ko ganun.
Yung mga basic words na sinasabi nila like Ottoke, yung tono ng pananalita nila. Minsan
 na gagaya ko kasi parang ang cute diba. Unconsciously, hindi ako aware na yung mga
wallpaper ko ay laging Korean actors tapos yung mga kanta dati, dinownload ko lahat ng
kanta ni Park Bo Gum.
Suli: Uhm siguro, consciously nila akong naiimpluwensyahan.

Gong Yoo: For me unconsciously kasi minsan kinakausap ako ng mga kaibigan ko
tapos bigla nalang ako magkokorean. Hindi ko din malaman kung bakit siya lumabalas
sa bibig ko. Ayun lang, unconsciously.
Yoona: Yes. Kunware ngayon di ako masyadong nakikinig ng OPM Mas more on KPOP
ako kasi K-Pop fan ako. And instead na manonood ako ng Filipino drama tuwing gabi,
manonood na lang ako KDrama kasi mas preferred ko siya compared sa Pilipino drama.
And dahil dun, parang mas naglelean ko towards south Korean culture.

A.Probing 1: Can you give examples/situations?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]
Suli: Uhm kasi, pinapahalagahan ko rin. Uhm, kasi compared dati actually wala rin
naman talaga akong pakealam doon sa mga namatay na relatives namin, uhm. Until
noong napanood ko kasi yung Kdrama, uhm tas yun, uhm tawag dito? Mas nirerespeto
ko na yung ano, yung namatay na relatives namin.

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

B.Probing 2: How do you perceive this influence, is it positive or negative?

Minho: Negative in some ways pero more on positive side. Positive side kasi nga sinabi
ko kanina na syempre doon sa pagiging family oriented, alam naman natin na positive
side yun kasi good manners and good values ang natutunan ko through Korean drama.
Negative siguro kasi yung kailangan pasok ka sa in sa society. Kailangan maging in ka
sa society. Kailangan kung ano yung sinusuot nila, isuot mo rin. Kumbaga dapat ay
makisabay ka sa uso. Like for example sa South Korean culture kung nagpapaplastic
 surgery yung iba, kailangan syempre magpa-plastic surgery ka din; parang ayun yung
sa negative side.
Shin Hye: Positive din naman siguro kasi wala naman siyang nadudulot na masama
yung mga influences na ‗yun.
Suli: Positive, kasi, yun nga. HindiI ko na nakakalimutan kung sino yung mga nawala sa
amin. Kumbaga, nadito pa rin talaga sila sa amin.

Gong Yoo: Positive in a way, natuto ka ng language nila kasi kapag minsan nag abroad
ka then may alam ka na kahit papaano. Negative in a way na minsan ginagamit mo na
yung language nila kaysa sa doon sa sariling wika natin.
Yoona: Para sa akin positive. Marami akong natututunan, Marami din nachachange
para sa akin. Eto pala tama, eto pala mali to. Mas nagiging sensitive ako not only to my
culture but to other culture as well.

MAIN QUESTION 8. As a Filipino, do you see that the Korean Culture has already been
incorporated as part of your country?

Minho: Yes, sa industry ng mga celebrities. Sa showbiz. Lalo na yung mga

naglalabasan dito na hindi lang kayang sumayaw or kumanta which is ginagaya na yung
South Korean idols. Tapos yung pagusbong ng mga Korean products sa cosmetics.
Pumupunta ako sa Watsons, mga BB cream, mga Korean something yung mga tatak.
Mga pampaganda, pampakinis, Korean talaga yung tatak. Kumbaga yung South Korean
culture ay na incorporate na nila sa iba‘t ibang aspects ng bansa natin.

Shin Hye: Siguro, dami na kasing ano ngayon nanood na Filipino ng Korean TV drama
habang lumalawak yan mas maiimpluwensyahan ng maiimpluwensyahan yung mga tao
dito na parang ayun, hindi na mawawala sa kanila yung culture ng Korea.

Suli: Magkakasama?

Uhm, yes. Kasi diba, maraming estudyante ang patuloy na nanunuod ng Kdrama. So
uhm, kung ano yung napapanood nila sa Kdrama naa apply na rin nila. Kahit ultimo
yung pananamit at products na ginagamit din ng mga artista doon.
 Gong Yoo: For me yes, almost kahit saan ka sa mga students talagang makikita mo na
influenced na sila ng Korea. Ayun lang.

Yoona: Yes.

A.Probing 1: (If yes) What are its manifestations?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]
Suli: [Question Skipped]
Gong Yoo: Ayun yung pagpapasok sila sa school naka-headband sila, kulay kulay mga
ganun tapos kapag mayroon concert na nagsabay Korean and Filipino, mas pinapanood
nila yung Korean. Kapag may bumisitang artist na galing sa Korea, mas pinipili na nilang
magspend ng money or time doon kaysa sa mga sariling produkto natin.
Yoona: Yung mga teenagers ngayon, instead na makikinig sila ng OPM, instead na
manonood sila ng k-drama. Mas prefer nila ngayon yung SK culture and for example, sa
mga concerts. Yung mga concerts na nagboboom talaga yung mga kpop bands instead
sa mga local culture.

B.Probing 2: How do you perceive this/these manifestation/s?

Minho: Siguro positive siya kasi nagiging manifestation din siya ng globalization.
Nagiging open tayo sa mga cultures, binibigyan natin ng value yung differences among
cultures and traditions sa mga bansa. With that, tinatanggap na natin fully for example,
South Korean drama, sobrang rampant talaga niya, lalo na last year. Tapos yung mga
cosmetic products nila. Dito nga sa atin may mga naghihire na ng Korean artists eh,
yung sa Channel 7, yung Korean kineme. Yung kay Heart Evangelista. Yung sa Tv5,
yung isang member ng Ukiss na nagjudge sa isang variety show. Tapos dito sa Abs
Cbn, si Sandara Park, diba nagjudge din siya sa Boyband PH.
Shin Hye: Negative, kasi ayun nga diba, habang lumalawak yun, mas lalo natin
makakalimutan yung culture natin. Hindi natin siya mapepreserve kasi pinagpapalit natin
siya sa ibang culture.
 Suli: Well for me it is negative, kasi kumabaga hindi na rin natin pinahahalagahan ang
kultura na meron tayo.

Gong Yoo: Negative, syempre kasi yung Philippines natatabunan naman muli ng
culture parang unti unti tayong nasasakop ng panibagong tradition and culture.
Nawawala yung sarili natin culture and tradition.

Yoona: Feeling ko negative. Instead na tayo nagkakaroon tayo ng Identity as a Filipino

through our arts, music, yung mga drama natin. Nababalewala kasi mas gusto ng mga
teenagers ngayon mas gusto yung SK music, Drama. Ganon

C.Probing 2.1: Are they Positive or Negative?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]

Suli: [Question Skipped]

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

D.Probing 2.2: Why? How?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]

Suli: [Question Skipped]

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

E.Probing 3: (If no) Why not

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]
 Suli: [Question Skipped]

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

MAIN QUESTION 9. Having said that, as an individual,

(If answered yes in the seventh question)
Can you see yourself being fully influenced by the Korean Culture for a long time?

Minho: Not fully, mayroon pa din Filipino values na natitira sa akin kahit papaano. 30%
siguro, basta hindi lalagpasa sa 50%. Korean drama opened my mind, variety of aspects
kumbaga sa cosmetics, showbizness and paano kung magkaroon ng perfect boy or girl
group tsaka sa values na din. 30% lang naman kasi syempre nandito ka sa Pilipinas,
mas immerse ako sa Filipino values at mas alam ko kaysa sa Korean values na
napapanood ko lang naman sa mga TV.
Shin Hye: Ngayon, tingin ko sa present time lang, feel ko lang ha tingin ko hindi naman
hanggang future yayabong siya or pwede naman siyang yumabong kung tatangkilikin pa
din natin. Sa present lang din siguro kasi lahat naman diba nalalaos.

Suli: No, kasi alam ko pa rin naman kung ano yung magandang naidulot sa aking ng
Pilipinas. Kasi dito ako nakatira so, hindi ko siya makakalimutan talaga.

Gong Yoo: Hindi naman. Hindi.

Kasi alam ko kung paano ko i-limit ang sarili ko na hanggang doon lang ang papanood
ko and of course, kahit nanood ako ng Korean, mas pinipili ko pa din yung Filipino.

Yoona: Oo.

A.Probing 1: (If yes) Would you consider visiting/going/staying in South Korea?

Minho: Kung may pera, oo. Visiting and staying mga one month. Syempre, i-coconsider
ko ‗yun lalo na kapag libre pero wala naman pera at hindi naman afford ng budget, eh ‗di
wag nalang. Stay, staycation nalang.
 Shin Hye: Visit lang siguro pero hindi mag-iistay pa doon. Syempre, gusto ko din Makita
yung mga nasa pinapanood ko diba. Parang nakakatuwa lang yung pinapanood mo dati,
tapos nanood ka na pero visit lang hindi yung doon na mag-iistay kasi mahal ko pa din
yung country ko.

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: Feeling ko kasi mag visit, pero di ako nagpaplan mag stay. Mas preferred ko
mag-stay dito if staying is the question.

(If answered no in the seventh question)

Can you see others whom you know as KDrama fans being fully influenced by the Korean
Culture for a long time?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]

Suli: Uhm, actually wala talaga akong kilala. Although meron akong nakikitang
naiimpluwensyahan sila sa sayaw, yung mga uhm, kpop group. Yung kaklase ko last
year noong grade 10, si Andrea Baleta. Kasi , uhm pati pala yung kaklase ko noong
grade 10 si Kim. Uhm, ayun. Niimpluwensyahan sila sa pagme makeup tsaka sa pagdre
dress ng kpop.

Uhm yes. Kasi ngayon pa nga lang grabe na yung pananamit nila, yung as in katulad
talaga. Sumasali rin sila sa mga contest pagdating sa mga Kpop dance. Eh, ano pa in
the near future?

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

A.Probing 1: (If yes) Do you think they would consider visiting/going/staying in South Korea?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]
 Suli: Actually, sa tingin ko magi stay talaga sila doon kasi ayun nga, nandoon kasi yung
mga idol nila eh.
Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

B.Probing 2: (If no) Why not?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]

Suli: [Question Skipped]

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

MAIN QUESTION 10. If given a choice, would you still want to be a Filipino or would you rather
choose to change your nationality to be a Korean?

Minho: Still a Filipino. I was born to be a Filipino then I will die as a Filipino.
Shin Hye: Filipino pa din, kahit gusto ko yung mga pinapanood ko, mga Korean. Filipino
pa din kasi ditto ako lumaki and alam ko na kahit madaming negative sa bansa natin
Filipino pa din, kasi masaya ako na Filipino ako.

Suli: Ah, mas gusto ko padin yung pagiging Filipina.

Gong Yoo: Maging Filipino pa din. Hindi ko papalitan yung nationality ko. It is my origin
and for me, ito na yung nakasanayan kong lifestyle and traditions and kahit anong
mangyari of course, Filipino ka pa din.

Yoona: I‘ll stay as a Filipino pa rin.

A.Probing 1: (If yes) Why?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]

Suli: [Question Skipped]

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: First of all, feeling ko di ako makakapag adjust sa culture nila even if ganun ka
rich. And pangalawa yung values kasi na meron ako as a person is Filipino talaga.

B.Probing 2: (If no) Why not?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]

Suli: [Question Skipped]

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

(If the answer in the previous question is to stay as a Filipino)

C.Probing 2: Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being a Filipino?

Minho: Pakikipagkapwa tao. Pagibigay ng iyong sarili sa iba. Being Filipino means, you
are trying to incorporate the values and knowledge that you have learned from your
surroundings or society. Being a Filipino means being hospitable. Being Filipino is being
resilient kahit anong problema yung bumalandra sa harap mo. Kahit anong trials na
harapin mo tatanggapin mo pa din kasi resilient ka dahil alam mo mapagtatagumpayan
mo iyon kasi alam mong Filipino ka.

Shin Hye: Edi proud ka bilang isang Filipino. Kapag proud ka [as a Filipino] ayun.

Suli: Kasi nadun padin yung, nandun pa rin yung uhm. Kumbaga kasi, ang Pilipinas kasi
kilala sa - Ah, hindi lang parang. Kilala sila sa maganda yung kutis, syempre yung
 values nga, at tsaka kapag Philippines na kasi ang paguusapan nandun yung kapag
sinabi mong Filipina ka, iisipin kaagad nila na talento ka, na talentado ka.

Gong Yoo: For me, isa kang Filipino sa pamamagitan ng kapag proud ka kung anong
mayroon ka and of course, kahit na may mag introduce sayo ng ibang culture and
traditions hindi mo pa din kakalimutan yung sariling pinagmulan.

Yoona: I think being a Filipino is being resilient. Alam mo pa rin na kahit gaano ka
kastress, kaselan ang buhay, you still know how to be positive. Alam mo pa rin na intact
pa rin values mo, even if after all the trials na naranasan mo.

(If the answer in the previous question is to be a Korean)

D.Probing 2: Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being a Korean?

Minho: [Question Skipped]

Shin Hye: [Question Skipped]

Suli: [Question Skipped]

Gong Yoo: [Question Skipped]

Yoona: [Question Skipped]

 LEVEL ONE CODING || NON-KOREAN TV DRAMA FANS
Created by: Cabello and Palisoc

MAIN QUESTION 1: How proud are you of being a Filipino? Why?

Bartolome: Oo, proud naman ako.

Laura: Uhm, proud ako sa pagiging Pinoy kasi uhm mas proud ako sa pagiging Pinoy
kasi sa iba ano sa ibang lahi kasi yung pagiging Pinoy mo is parang proud ka sa
pagiging ikaw mismo yung pagiging tao mo. So, I‘m proud to say that I‘m a Pinoy.

Pedro: I am. I am very, very proud of being a filipino. Why? Because being a filipino is
an identity and why should I not be proud of my own identity, my own name, my own
nationality and so I am proud of being a filipino and after all being a filipino is not bad at
all. It is good.

Maria: First, I am proud kasi hindi ako to the point na ano, proud ako kasi para sa bayan
ko hindi. Una kasi yung mga tao dito sa Philippines alam naman natin na resilient tayo
isa tayo sa mga countries na lahat ng tao ay ano parang na-chart tayo bilang isa sa mga
happy. Tapos isa din tayo sa mga hospitable na mga tao dito sa mundo.

Imelda: Proud. Syempre proud kasi as a Filipino mahal ko yung sariling kinalakihan ko.
Ayun

A. Probing 1: Having said that, which aspects of being a Filipino are you proud of?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]

Laura: Siguro yung pagiging resilience [resilient] ng mga Pilipino. Kasi tayo yung

pinaka-resilient sa mga, sa iba‘t-ibang bansa. Tayo yung ano, yung kahit may

problema na masaya pa din. So, proud ako na ganun tayo.

Pedro: Well I recognise filipinos as the most talented persons in the world and
from there very very proud talaga ako. Yes, totoo, totoo talaga na sobrang. Very
talented ung mga Filipino sa iba't ibang genre. In arts, in film nandyan tayo. In
different competitions kahit mga foreign ang nag heheld ng mga ganyan nan
 dyan ang mga filipino. Dun, dun ako napa-proud sa pagiging Filipino and also
totoo talaga na resilient tayo, tayong mga Filipino despite traffoc sa EDSA,
despite hardbroken issues, despite corruption sobrang resilient tayo kasi nandito
pa rin tayo, nan dito pa rin tayo sa Pilipinas.
Maria: Sa culture natin. Kasi ano sobrang rich ng culture natin na yung mga
products or yung mga films or ibang drama natin ay napapalabas din sa ibang
bansa. Tapos yung mga ibang cultura natin are characteristics nakilala tayo
bilang mga Filipino.
Imelda: Yung pagiging hospitable ng mga Filipino

B. Probing 2: How do you express your pride as a Filipino?

Bartolome: Express my pride? Ano ba? Hindi kasi ako masyadong ano

[expressive]. Hindi kasi ako masyadong expressive pagdating sa mga ganyan.

Bale more on ano lang, eto na yon, parang ganon lang. Kung ano ako, oh sige

Pilipino ako pero hindi ako yung nagpopost pa sa internet, nagpopost pa sa ano

[kung saan saan]. Sige, Filipino ako eh di I will act na responsible, I will act na

susunod sa mga batas, ganon na lang. Dun ko na lang ipapakita yung pagiging

proud ko as Filipino, hindi na ko magpopost sa kung saan saan man.

Laura: Uhm. As a Filipino, how do I express my pride? Wait lang, ulit tayo. Di ko

naintindihan ang tanong [laughs].

Uhm, siguro dahil ano, hindi ako masyadong tumatangkilik ng sa mga ibang

bansa na mga ano products nila o kahit yung mga shows nila hindi ko

masyadong tinatangkilik. Kasi, ano, more on OPM talaga ako, mga ganun.

Pedro: [Question Skipped]

Maria: Simple lang kasi ako hindi naman yung sa social media yung

ipapangalandakan ko na ―Ah Filipino ako kaya magpopost ako ng ganiyan bilang

 Filipino pride ganiyan‖ simple lang na Gawain na parang sa ibang bansa kasi

minsan nagkakaroon ako nang kausap na ibang lahi or foreigners so ayun I tend

to parang i-brag ―Ah, Filipino ako kasi ditto sa amin meron ganiyan, dito sa amin

meron ganito.‖ Yung ganun paraan.

Imelda: Panong how do you express your pride po?

Uhm di naman ganun. Uhm basta pag for example lang yung, pag nagpaflag
ceremony I respect yung yon, hihinto tas mag mag mag mag ayon.

C. (Discretionary) Probing 3: How proud are you of the Filipino values and norms?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]

Laura: [Question Skipped]
Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: Parang neutral lang. kasi meron characteristics or traits yung Filipinos na
gusto ko at mayroon din naman parang hindi na ―Yes tama pero para sa ibang
tao ay hindi na tama‖ I‘m kinda neutral about it.
Imelda: [Question Skipped]

MAIN QUESTION 2: How proud are you of the Philippines? Why?

Bartolome: How proud? Very proud. Ay hindi pala. Medyo half nanaman, ganon

nanaman eh. Kasi gaya nga ng sinabi ko kanina, maraming dapat ika-proud,

marami ring dapat hindi naman ika-proud. Di ba yun na yung sinagot ko kanina?

Laura: Ano, siguro masasabi ko na proud ako sa Philippines. Na yung mismong

social accounts ko Is makikita mo is pure Pinoy. Yung ano, yung sinasabi ko sa

ibang tao.
 Kasi ano, para sa akin tayo yung bansa na super kakaiba. Kahit sabihin ng iba
na simple lang ang mga Pinoy. Para sa akin, tayo yung pinaka kakaiba kasi tayo
yung talagang nasa iba‘t-ibang bansa tayong mga Pinoy.

Pedro: [Question Skipped]

Maria: First, proud to the point na I tend to brag [in a positive way] about my

country. First of all kasi yung mga sceneries dito sa Philippines sobrang. Like for

example, yung Palawan, kasi yung Palawan isa sa mga malinis na lugar dito sa

Philippines tapos yung katulad na sinabi ko kanina yung mga tao. Sa country ko

kasi parang iba yung level iba yung atmosphere kapag nandito ka sa Pilipinas

ganun.

Imelda: Proud of because yung sa nature

A. Probing 1: Having said that, which aspects of the Philippines are you proud of?

Bartolome: I‘m proud sa mga natural resources natin, sa mga wonders of the

world, sa pagiging hospitable ng mga Pilipino, sa mga positive traits ng Filipinos

like hospitability tapos yung pagiging generous tapos, at saka yun nga, yung

madali tayong maka-adapt sa mga pagbabago sa lipunan. Ayun lang ba? Yung

proud lang ba? O yung hindi?

Laura: Yung mga ano nila, yung mga natural resources natin. Kasi syempre,

tayo talaga yung may pinaka kakaiba eh. Halos sa bawat pulo natin merong ano,

merong iba‘t-ibang natural resources na magaganda ka na makikita.

Pedro: [Question Skipped]

Laura: [Question Skipped]

Imelda: Yung sa pagiging maganda ng Pilipinas ganun, pagiging hospitable ng

mga tao sa Pilipinas.
B. Probing 2: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?

Bartolome: Kung dahil don? Gaya rin lang ng sinabi ko kanina, hindi talaga ako

expressive sa ano, sa pagpapakita na Pilipino ako. Ah sige, Pilipino ako. Pilipino

ako. Basta ang mahalaga lang sa‘kin is sa, ang dream ko lang kasi parang para

lang mapakita yung pride ko sa Philippines sana someday mai-represent ko man

lang ang Philippines sa mga international, international events para naman dun,

yun na lang siguro yung isa sa mga pinakamalaking magagawa ko na ipapakita

ko yung pride ko sa Philippines. At some [example], at isa rin pala yung

pagsuporta ko sa mga ano [contestants/candidates], yung mga eh di ba marami

tayong mga contestants sa mga, mga international competition, yung pagsuporta

lang sa kanila. Simply i-lalike yung mga post, ganon lang. Yun, ganon lang.

Laura: Uhm, ano. More on ano ako. Sa thinking ko in the future mas gusto ko na

magtravel dito lang sa Pilipinas. Hindi katulad sa iba na gusto na mag-abroad.

Kasi para sa akin, mas masaya pa rin kapag dito ka sa Piilipinas mage-enjoy,

ganun.

Pedro: Well of course, as a student, sa pag aaral ko ng mabuti that's apart. Kasi

I know naman in the future I can contribute to my country, help to the economy.

As a simple individual, makakatulong ako kaysa pabayaan ko ang pag aaral ko

and maging kargador lang ako sa future, nakadagdag pa ako sa problema ng

lipunan. So, that's how I celebrate my pride and also by simply obeying

regulations that's a pride because you acknowledge it as a fact that your inspired

of your constitution, Philippine constitution. So, I obey laws and also very

particular ako sa paggamit ng wikang Filipino though ang english ako dito

(interview) pero mas may interest ako sa pagpapalawak ng kaalaman sa

 balarilang Pilipino kaysa sa English pero I can hamdle both languages at tsaka

last na lang na eexpress ko pa sa ano pagtangkilik ng local products, local films,

local whatever.

Maria: Pag use of social media but not on Facebook but rather on Twitter. Yung

katulad sa sinabi ko I always brag about my country, yung tipong kapag

nababanggit yung Pilipinas as ganito, as ganiyan. I always tend to think positive

about it. Lagi kong sinasabi na parang mapapatweet ka na yung Pilipinas ganito

hindi kagaya ng iba. Yung parang ganun.

Imelda: Ayun yon, minsan nagpopost ako thru social media yung mga pictures
ng Philippines.

C. (Discretionary) Probing 3: How proud are you of the products made in the
Philippines?

Bartolome: Products? Proud ako kasi di ba magaling tayo, magaling ang mga

Pilipino sa pagcraft, sa mga crafts at nakikilala na rin yung mga Filipino crafts

even sa ibang bansa gaya nung sa pineapple na textile. Di ba ineexport pa po

yun sa [ibang bansa], ineexport pa yun sa ibang bansa tapos yung sa Marikina

shoe products. Nakikilala rin yun sa ibang bansa. Tapos ang kulang lang siguro

dun is di natin masyadong napopromote yung products na yun kaya hindi siya

masyadong nakikilala.

Laura: [Question Skipped]

Pedro: Mas proud ako sa atin kasi may Chinese. Ito yung nagparealize sakin na

mas maganda pa rin ung products natin among chinese products. So that made

me realized na, uy maswerte pala mas malilikhain ang mga Pilipino kaysa sa...

At tsaka kung papansinin mo unique ang products natin. Unique, kasi magiging
 proud ka kung pano ginawa nung mga tao ung basura, well totoo ‗yon, talagang

nagga-gather sila ng mga resources kasi sa documentaries, I‘ve watched

documentaries nagga-gather sila ng mga resources ‗yong mga basura ganon.

So, nakakaproud kasi creative and resourceful ‗yong mga gumagawa nga mga

products natin.

Maria: Sobrang proud. Nasa kalidad kasi yan hindi naman sa. Of course lagi

tayong nag eexport ng goods katulad nalang ng mga dried mangoes tapos

nakilala siya sa ibang bansa kasi usually tatak natin mga Filipino ‗yun.

Imelda: [Question Skipped]

MAIN QUESTION 3: In terms of TV Drama, which do you prefer to watch, Korean TV Drama or
Filipino TV Drama? Why?

Bartolome: Ano, in terms kung sa excitement, in terms sa excitement kasi, mas

maganda yung sa Korean drama kasi di ba parang hindi nakakaumay. Parang

kasi nanonood din ako minsan tas hindi nakakaumay parang ay alam mo na

yung mangyayari agad na, ay hindi mo pa alam yung mangyayari kaaagad

parang for example sa love teams nila, parang nakakakilig ganon pero sa Filipino

drama medyo cliché na kasi yung mga nangyayari. Alam mo na kasi yung mga

[mangyayari], alam mo na yung magaganap. For example, kapag ganito yung

scene, ay alam mo, ay siguro mamatay si ganon. May guess ka na agad. Tapos

sa actors din medyo nakakaumay kapag may, pag siguro masyadong malandi.

Ganon yung sa Filipino.

Ay hindi. Hindi ako masyadong ano [fan] eh. Wala talaga akong [pinapatronize].
 Hindi talaga ako nagpapatronage ng kahit ano, kahit Korean drama, Filipino.

Kung ano ano lang. Kung ano lang. Kung ano yung [mayroon], kung ano lang

yung mapanood ko okay eh di yun na yon. Basta hindi yung kailangan kong

mapanood yung Harry Potter, kailangan kong mapanood yung ganito.

Laura: Filipino TV Drama kasi uhm. Hindi talaga ako fan ng Korean. Although,

sabi nila maganda naman. Kaya lang, kasi mas nakaka-relate ako kapag Pinoy

yung gumawa. Lalo na mas naiintindihan ko kasi Pinoy yung language and kasi

yung mga, tao syempre.

Pedro: Well, take note I love TV drama whatever it is. Kahit basta nasa loob ‗yan

ng TV screen manonood ako hanggang may oras ako and syempre to answer

your question, Filipino drama talaga.

Why? Kasi una palang, una mas naiintindhihan ko ‗yon in terms of language.

Pangalawa, nakakrelate ako sa Filipino series. Pangatlo, syempre, bakit ? Kasi

gusto kong maging film maker and gusto kong ma-feel ung feeling na

tinatangkilik ng mga Pilipino ung gawa ko and so I am doing it in my own ways.

Kaya tangkilikin ko naman ‗tong mga TV series na ‗to kasi Filipino ‗to eh.

Maria: I don‘t usually watch drama pero mostly kasi I am into movies. Minsan,

mas ano ako sa Filipino movies or Filipino drama.

Imelda: Filipino TV Drama kasi ayun I love my own I love my own.

A. (Discretionary) Probing 1: What are the qualities of Filipino TV Drama that made
you choose it over Korean TV Drama?
Bartolome: Ah sa TV? Ah kailangan exciting. Dapat may mga twist. Kailangan

hindi yung, hindi na gaya ng nakasanayan. Hindi yung tawag dito, hindi yung

[nakakaumay] kasi di ba dati kasi nung bata kasi ako palagi kasi kaming
nanonood sa‘min ng alam niyo yung mga Filipino action movies na alam mo na

yung mangyayari, na may baril-barilan tapos sa last kasi, sa last darating yung

alam mo na [pulis]. Siguro mahuhuli yung mga pulis, ganon. Alam mo na agad.

Kaya yung gusto ko sa mga drama, yung ano, yung may plot twist. Ganon,

parang pa-iba iba.

Laura: Sa qualities siguro, hindi ko masasabi na mas maganda yung sa atin e.

Pero ano, na chinoose ko kasi yung Filipino kasi sariling atin yun, kasi gawa

natin yun. And as a Filipino dapat proud ka na kaya naman natin pantayan kung

ano yung kaya ng Korean, ganun.

Pedro: I choose it over Korean drama, qualities? Totoo, totoo sila sa totoong

buhay. Kung mapapansin mo kaunti lang ang TV series natin na fiction and ayun

ang gusto ko. Gusto ko ung ganong mga scenario na kakatukan ka sa ulo ng

mga lines kasi ay totoo pala, tinamaan ako. So the truthfulness of Filipino TV

series ayun ung nakapagsabi sakin na kailngan ko ‗tong tangkilikin and additional

syempre fandom. Fan ako ng iba‘t ibang lalo na fan ako ng isang Filipino

network, fan ako ng mga Filipino artist sa network na ‗yon, kaya ayon

tinatangkilik ko talaga.

Maria: I have heard na critics na lagging sinasabi ang panget ng effects ng

Filipino ganito, ganiyan pero there is wala naman kasing mali na mag-try tayo or

walang masasayang kung mageeffort tayo pero kasi sa mga Filipino movies or

drama lumalabas yung pagiging Filipino natin. Lumalabas yung creativity natin

na hindi lang tayo basta sa susunod na pareho parehong serye.

Imelda: [Question Skipped]

B. Probing 2: In average, how many Korean TV Drama do you watch in one month?

Bartolome: Ay matagal na kong di nanonood eh. Nung ano pa yon.

Laura: [Question Skipped]

Pedro: [Question Skipped]

Maria: [Question Skipped]

Imelda: [Question Skipped]

C. Probing 3: In average, how many Filipino TV Drama do you watch in one month?
Clarification: This is in terms of episodes, regardless if the participant finished
the drama or not.

Bartolome: Wala rin kaming TV kaya sa YouTube lang, pwede ba yon?

Nanonood lang ako pag mga Sabado sa ano, sa Wildflower. Ganon lang
pinapanood ko. Oo, Wildflower. Mga one hour, mga ganon lang per [weekend].
Ay hindi rin one hour eh. Hindi umaabot sa one hour. Para ngang 30 minutes
lang per Saturday.
Oo. Saturday or Sunday, ganon.

Laura: Actually, everyday ako nanunuod ng Filipino TV Drama [laughs]. Kasi

halos araw-araw din bukas yung TV.

Pedro: In an average pagkauwi ko ng bahay nanonood ako, ganito kapag MWF

start ng 7pm ko pag-uwi ko ng bahay hanggang alas dose, hanggang ala una,

hanggang nasa sala ako I don‘t bother finding another channel na kung anoman,

Korean or American puro Filipino lang ang nandyan sa screen. TTH mas lalo

kung namamaximize ung time kasi from 1, 2 o‘clock up to gabi walang patayan

ng TV namin. Filipino series, Filipino series lang naman ung nandyan.

Maria: I think ano kasi eh walang time so mga 4 movies ganun.

Imelda: In one month, siguro more than 100 plus na ganun.

MAIN QUESTION 4: What is your perception on the Korean Drama fans who spend money on
KDrama merchandises?

Bartolome: Sobrang ano [nagsasayang/di praktikal]. Feeling ko hindi naman sa

ano pero talagang nagsasayang ng ano, pera, parang ganon. Kasi ako kasi yung

tao na kailangang i-allot ko yung pera sa sobrang importanteng bagay pero

siguro sa, para sa kanila sobrang importante nun. Pero para sa‘kin kasi ano

naman ngayon kung may picture ka ni ganito? Ano naman ngayon kung meron ]

kang album ni ganito? Ba‘t di mo na lang i-download? Parang ako kasi is more

on practicality. Oh eh ba‘t di ka na lang magprint ng picture ni ganito? Instead na

bumili ka sa ano, sa mas mahal.

Laura: Okay lang naman saken, kasi ano, uhm. Kasi may ano din naman ako,

meron din naman akong kinaaadikan and like them, naiintindihan ko din naman

sila na dahil addict sila sa mga ganung bagay, they spend a lot of uhm, kasi ayun

yung nagpapasaya sa kanila. So okay lang naman.

Pedro: I am a Humanities and Social Science student so alam ko ‗yong

pinanggagalingan nila and tinuturo din dito sa strand natin kung pano sila

tatanggapin, kung pano sila titingnan as a person. Well, I don‘t have problems sa

kanila. Wala akong problema, pera nila ‗yon, kaligayahan nila ‗yon, gawin nila

‗yon pero I have concerns sa mga ganyan. Mostly kapag mga joke time na kami

lang ng mga kaibigan ko, nagsasabi sila ng mga ganito ganitong Korean

language chu chu chu ganyan or bumili sila ng merchandise or nanood sila ng

international film. Sasabihan ko, tutuksuhin ko agad sila; ayan nanood ng ganito

pero hindi nanood ng ganitong TV series, Filipino ‗yon. Mas inuuna pa ung

panonood K-drama. So, ayon dun ko lang tiniting na ung mga taong nanonood
 ng ano… pero I have no grudges sa kanila, kasi bakit nga naman.

Maria: I think okay lang pero parang dapat tangkilikin din yung atin. Hindi

masama na magkaroon tayo ng attention para sa ibang culture or ibang drama

ganun. Pero parang support nalang din kasi yung ibang nakikita ko or nababasa

ko eh is parang binabashed nila yung Filipino movies, Filipino songs nga din eh.

Pero kasi kung susuportahan din atin iba pa din yung magagawa nito.

Imelda: Ano, sayang yung pera.

A. Probing 1: Why?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]

Laura: [Question Skipped]
Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: [Question Skipped]
Imelda: Kasi kung ako kasi mas gusto kong sinasayang yung pera ko sa
makabuluhang bagay. Like food, ganun.

B. Probing 2: Would you consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV Drama? Why?

Bartolome: Ay hindi rin. Bakit pa? Sabi ko nga kanina, practicality. Magpiprint na

lang ako, magpiprint na lang ako ng mga picture nila if ever. Sabi ko nga hindi

ako fan ng kahit anong, kahit anong, kahit artista, kahit drama. Hindi ako fan.

Bale kung ano lang yung nai-surf ay sige papanoorin ko. Kung ano yung

nandiyan na tao, sige eh di ikaw. Pero hindi ko sasayangin yung pera ko para

lang bumili ng mga merchandise ng mga Pilipino.

Laura: Kapag gusto ko talaga yung artista, oo bibili ako. Pero kung ano, kung

magsasayang ka lang ng pera, na parang wala lang, bakit ka pa bibili?

 Pedro: Oo, lalo na ‗pag fan ako. Meron na ako, meron ako. Syempre kung fan

ako, sabi ko kung fan ako.

Maria: It depends kasi ako kasi yung tipo ng tao pala gastos kung hindi naman

kailangan kung ano ba siya sa cause kunwari kung i-dodonate nila sa charity. I

am willing to buy.

Yes. It depends on the cause.

Imelda: Ah di naman kasi ako masyadong ganun uh mabili. Basta yun

pinapanood ko lang yung yung mga palabas ng Filipino TV Drama.

MAIN QUESTION 5: Do you think that watching Korean TV Drama helps KDrama fans in
understanding South Korean culture? In what ways?

Bartolome: Ah yung kung nanonood sila? Ano, ulit nga?

In what ways? Gaya nga ng mga [palabas], di ba marami rin kasing na-aacquire

na mga qualities kapag ano [nanonood]. Gaya nung simpleng, wait lang. Kung

paano?

Ah oo di ba may mga drama kasi na ano, may mga theme na gaya nung sa,

yung mga Hwarang. Ganon ganon.

Oo. May mga historical na, historical na movies kasi regarding sa Korean drama

di ba. So siguro nakukuha nila na ganito pala yung kultura for example yung sa

Goblin, ganon ganon. May concept sila ng reincarnation. Hindi nga talaga ako

nanonood, nang-aano lang ako.

Oo, commercial lang ako nagvi-view.

Laura: Yes, kasi sa bawat ano naman na Korean makikita mo yung culture nila.
 Nakikita ko na nagagawa, minsan nagagaya na nila. So, nararanasan din nila

yung pinaka ginagawa ng mga Koreano sa bansa nila. Ganun.

Pedro: Same way as, my case. Kung pano nakaktulong sakin ang Filipino Tv

series sa pagkilala ko sa bansa ko I‘m sure ganun din sa kanila. Na Kapag

nanonood sila ng TV series ng Korean na papanood nila ‗yon, naiintindihan nila

‗yon at ‗pag naiintindihan mo naman ‗yun… Meron pa nga akong kilala na nagre-

research pa talaga sila, ganto, ganto, hinahanap nila ‗yon. So, nakaktulong

talaga ‗yon, sa kanila ‗yon at tsaka nakikita ko sa kanila na inspired sila sa mga

ganong bagay so bakit mo iti-take away ‗yon sa kanila.

Maria: I think yes. Parang if kunwari taong ganiyan they are be more open

minded and parang they can have knowledge about different countries such as

Korea.

Imelda: Hmm maybe?

Ah kasi dun yon nalalaman nila yung mga pag-uugali ng mga Koryano sa yung
pag-uugali ng mga Koryano pag nanonood sila ng K-Drama

A. Probing 1: Do you think watching Korean TV Drama gives them a better picture
and/or perception of South Korea? How?

Bartolome: Oo kasi di ba ang pina[pakita], halos ang lahat ng pinoportray ng

mga Korean drama I suppose is gwapong artista, magandang [attributes], basta

magandang, parang yung ideal, palaging ideal, kaya parang ‗tong mga Filipinas

tuloy parang mga kpoppers ay hala ang ganda pala sa Korea. Parang ang

gwapo ni ganito. Ay kailangang makapunta na ko sa Korea kasi ang gaganda ng

pamamalakad, ang gaganda ng mga artista, chu chu chu, ganon.

Laura: Siguro, kasi ano eh. As a Korean naman hindi ka naman maglalagay sa
 show niyo na makakasira sa bansa niyo eh. So yung perception, perspective ng

bawat Pinoy ay "Ay ang ganda pala sa bansang 'to" kahit madaming part naman

sa Korea na hindi naman maganda.

Pedro: [Question Skipped]

Maria: I think yes pero ano kasi marami akong mga kaibigan na nanonood ng K-

drama na lagi silang nagkukuwento kung paano nga ba yung pamumuhay sa

South Korea so parang nagging ano kasi nila ‗yun eh, foundation or basis nila

para kunwari ano, para matulungan yung Philippines na ah kaliangan na maging

ganito tayo na kailangan na magkaroon tayo ng disiplina na para mas lalong

maging umangat yung country natin.

Imelda: Hmmmm Yes

Sa diba pag nanonood ng K-drama yun nga nandon napapakita yung culture ng
mga taga Korea tas pag uugali ng mga taga South Korea.

B. Probing 2: Do you think watching Korean TV Drama changes their perception of the
Philippines? How?

Bartolome: Ah oo. Ako nga hindi ako masyadong nanonood ng TV drama pero

ganon din yung nafi-feel ko na parang nagiging elitista ka. Parang kinocompare

mo, bakit yung si ganito kapag nagkikiss si, yung mga Korean actor, parang diba

rare lang kasi. Kapag nagkikiss sila, kinikilig. Pero sa Filipino drama, mauumay

ka. May mga [comparison], basta siguro nagiging elitista ka na. Yung South

Korean TV drama yung nagiging standard mo na diba palagi kasing bitin yung sa

last. Mga ganon, halos ganon.

Laura: Feeling ko hindi naman, kasi ano. Pinoy ka, dito ka nakatira. So, hindi

naman magbabago ang tingin mo sa Pilipino. Parang ano lang, chini-change

 lang ang tingin nila sa Korea pero hindi chini-change yung tingin nila sa Pinoy.

Ganun.

Pedro: Well, hindi s‘ya changes. Mali ‗yung word na ‗changes‘, for me, for me

ha. Kasi hindi naman talaga sila nagbabago, hindi naman nagbabago ung

perception nila. Kung may perception na sila sa utak nila tas nanood lang sila ng

isang TV series isa, dalawa, o tatlong TV series, maybe it will develop, it will

enhance in such ways or negatively makakbaba siya pero hindi siya totally

change, hindi totlally changing point ‗yung mga ganong kaso.

Maria: I think so. Kasi katulad yung sinabi ko, parang nagiging basis nila yung
pero kasi dapat hindi tayo maging sobrang incline doon sa thought na parang na
doon lang tayo nagfofocus sa Korean drama, sa South Korea. Maybe they
should find a way na maging unique tayo, out of the ordinary, out of the box na
tayo naman yung gumawa nang paraan na tayo naman ang tangkilikin ng South
Korea, yung ganun.
Imelda: Hmm maybe kasi parang kinocompare sa pagpapanood palang ng mga

k drama parang naco-compare na nung mga nanonood kung ano ang pag uugali

ng mga taga Korea sa mga taga Philippines

Yun yong mga pag uugali nila nacocompare na nila

C. Probing 3: Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama gives you a better picture
and/or perception of the Philippines? How?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]

Laura: Ah, yes and no. Yes kasi ano, napapakita niya yung norms, yung values

natin. Which is, yung ibang tao naiintindihan nila yung bawat Pinoy. No kasi sa

Filipino Drama makikita mo rin yung mali sa Pinoy eh. Parang mas pinapakita pa

ng Pinoy yung mali nila which is wrong. Kasi dapat sa mga shows na ganun mas
 pinapalawak pa yung kakayanan ng Pilipino na hindi nila saten nagagawa.

Pedro: Yes, yes kasi TV, Television is a medium wherein nai-influence tayo nyan

ng mga pinapanood natin and so nakikilala ko ng ang Filipino don, ang Pilipinas

doon specifically. Like, I‘ve watch films recently ung tungkol nga sa Siargao oh

‗di nakatulong nga ‗yun sakin. TV series, halimba ung sa LizQen ung Dolce

Amore, well, makkatulong ‗yon sakin sa pagkilala sa Baguio, sa Sagada kasi

hindi naman ako lagging nakakapunta doon pero dahil sa TV series na to na

laman ko na, ay ganyan pala sila dyan. So, nainform na ako pero ito hindi naman

ako bobong tao na easily influence. Hindi porket pinalabas sa TV ay

paniniwalaan ko na. Alam ko naman na may fiction tayong tinatawag kaya hindi

totally hindi siya 100% na nakaka-influence sakin ung mga napapanood kong

Filipino TV series kasi nag-iisip ako.

Maria: I think not, kasi usually yung mga palabas ngayon sobrang puro magulo

na, parang puro bad sides nalang ang nakikita natin. Parang mas maganda na i-

try nila mag iba naman ng plot na incline ‗to sa ganito, ganiyan. Mayroon din

naman na drama sa Philippines na maganda talaga.

Imelda: Uhm yes kasi diba pag yun nga kagaya lang ng mga Kdrama,

napapakita yung mga ugali mga cultures, traditions and beliefs ng mga Filipino

D. Probing 4: Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama changes your perception of
the Philippines? How?

Bartolome: Oo.

Laura: Hindi naman kasi ano, eh. Siguro change in a better way. Kasi,

pinapakita na madalas na pinapakita yung mga bagong natural resources na

 makikita sa ibang bansa napapakita ng mga ano natin, ng mga shows natin dito

sa Pilipinas.

Pedro: [Question Skipped]

Maria: Yes, I think. Katulad nung sa mga variety shows, yung kay Willie
Revilliame. Doon nakikita natin yung mga tao, parang happy lang ganun. Parang
chill lang ganun.
Imelda: Uhm, yes?

Again kuya [laughs]

Uhm, siguro may part na nababago kasi diba may mga magandang palabas na

kagaya ng, ano tawag dun? Yung mga nagpapakita ng mga tourist spot ng

Pilipinas tapos mula doon napapakita ang kagandahan ng Pilipinas. Tapos

merong iba naman na nagpapakita ng, kunwari yung sa mga kabit ganun,

nagiging negative ang tingin ko sa mga Pilipino.

MAIN QUESTION 6: What do you think is the difference between South Korean culture to your
local culture?

Bartolome: South Korean? Honestly…

Ah sa Fashion siguro, sila mas open sila sa fashion. Tignan mo naman yung
mga pananamit nila. Parang more na, mas na-Westernized yung pananamit nila
kaysa sa mga dito sa Pilipinas. Kasi ikaw magdamit ng ganun dito baka sabihing
baliw ka. Kung artista ka, pwede ka pang magdamit ng ganun pero kapag normal
na tao ka na magdadamit ng yung parang pang fashion show, parang ay ano ba
yan, parang katawa-tawa ka dito sa Pilipinas kapag ganon. Tapos ano, anong
aspeto pa?

Laura: Madami. Uhm, uhm tulad nalang siguro ng way nating ng pagkakain,

yung way natin ng pag respect sa mga tao. Madaming change pero, uhm, in
some ways parang ganun lang din yun kung ibabase mo sa bawat galaw natin.
 Pedro: Difference? Marami kasi through the help of internet marami akong

makikitang mga clips at tsaka ung mga k-drama na nasa TV, iba talaga. Kasi

sila, for me, nakikita ko at nao-observe ko mas focus sila sa traditional, mga

traditional na tema eh tayo more o realistic na tayo, kung ano ung nangyayari

nagyon ayun ung tayo pero sila nag-iistay sila nag-iistick sila sa tradition nila,

nire-retain nila ung past. Iba ung satin, totally different.

Maria: We‘re both rich naman in culture pero I can say naman na parang mas

historical yung atin. Marami pa tayong hindi nadidiskubre sa country natin.

Katulad nalang nasa mga Mountain Province, yung mga ganiyan. I think na hindi

lang tayo sa level na ito, aangat tayo kung malalaman natin ‗yun at gaganda

kaysa sa ibang bansa. Yung ganun, yung culture natin.

Imelda: Yung culture ko kasi, yung Filipino culture, masasabi ko na mas okay
siya kesa sa Korea kasi ang Pilipino kasi hospitable, ganun. Unlike sa Korea.
Hindi ko naman sinasabi na hindi hospitable ang Korea, pero may part na ganun.

A. Probing 1: Do you think your local culture is inferior or superior to their culture?

Bartolome: Ngayon? Sa na-observe ko parang ano [inferior], parang patuloy na

kasi nating niyayakap yung ano eh, yung South Korean ano [culture] eh sa mga

[iba‘t ibang bagay]. Oo. Di ba ang dami na ngayong TV drama na inaano

[pinapalabas] pati sa Abscbn at GMA, ang daming TV drama don. Tapos music

din. Parang feeling ko nagiging inferior tayo at some point kasi napakadaming

fans na nag-aadvocate ng, na i-support yung ganito. Kasi diba ang daming

[nakakaattract na] factors kasi na [kagaya ng] ang gwapo nung isa, ganon

ganon.
 Laura: Hindi, kasi ano. Para saken, parang yung nangyayari naman ngayon ano

eh, di yung mga Pinoy kasi masyado silang ano, parang ang baba ng tingin nila

sa sarili nila. So ang local culture din natin ay bumababa din. Kasi nasa tao

naman yan, sa kung ano ang tingin mo sa sarili mo, ganun din ang mangyayari

sa culture mo.

Pedro: No, despite my love for my country, no. hindi tayo inferior over them.

Hindi rin tayo superior.

No, it depends upon the perspective, kung pano ko ba titingnan, on what lense.
Kung tradition, mas maraming sumakop sa atin mas marami tayong na aquire na
tradition, na culture, mas mayaman tayo dun pero kung sa economic ay jusko
mas mayaman sila friend.

Maria: I don‘t think so kasi people just loved new things kaya lang yung sa atin

sa sobrang dami hindi pa natin na didiscover we feel inferior na ibang tao they

love other culture. Yung atin para hindi nila masyadong nasusuportahan.

Imelda: Uhm, inferior, paaong inferior? Paki-explain.

Syempre para sa akin mas mataas ang lebel ng kultura ko kesa sa kultura nila
kasi ayun, mas gusto ko yung Philippine culture

B. Probing 2: What are the possible advantages that your local culture has that their
culture does not have?

Bartolome: Pwede bang wala? Ayaw na mag-isip. Ang advantages natin, siguro

mas ano tayo. Mas maaksyon. Di ba halos dito kasi sa‘tin, pwede ba sa TV

drama? Di ba more ang kultura kasi natin, mahilig tayo sa aksyon. Ganon. So

yun siguro ang naging advantage natin kasi dun sa ibang, sa kanila is more on

love story, more on ano [romance]. Sa‘tin naman more on aksyon, naging
 advantage natin yun kasi maraming Pilipino ang tumatangkilik sa action movies.

Laura: Para sa akin is our culture is more colorful than the others. Kumbaga, sa

mga Festivals palang natin makikita talaga yung pagiging masayahin ng isang

Pinoy. Ganun.

Pedro: Innovative ung culture natin. Masyado tayong open to the point na

tinatanggap na natin lahat across countries. Tatanggapin natin ung mga fashion,

so, advantage yon for me, advantage yon kasi minsan wla atayo yong identity na

naging advantage natin over the years kasi nga inaquire natin ung iba‘t ibang

culture, so nagging diverse tayo, nakatulong ‗yon sa culture natin unlike them na

sila may defined South Korean culture talaga sila, bordered talaga sila, may

defined identity sila therefore… Tayo lumabas sa box.

In terms of culture, well, diverse culture, ayon lang ‗yon. South Korean culture,

ang culture nila pure Korean . Korean takaga kasi ‗yon ung culture nila unlike us.

Hindi ko naman sinasabi nagi-imitate tayo pero ginagwa nating inspiration or peg

halimbawa sa fashion. Makatutulong ‗yon kasi nadedevelop non ung ano natin,

yung culture natin.

Maria: Katulad nga nung sinabi ko. ―We have more‖ we are still not in the depth
of it. Para wala pa tayo sa lalim noon. We have a lot to search and to find.
Imelda: Hm, ayun. Pagiging mas ano tawag dun? Yung hospitable kuya.

MAIN QUESTION 7: Do you consider Korean TV Drama fans as being influenced by South
Korean culture in some ways consciously/unconsciously? Why?

Bartolome: Oo. Palagi naman. Gaya na lang ng observation ko rito sa room.

Sina Calafachi, sina, yung mga kpoppers dito na may tumugtog lang na k-pop
 music, sobrang sayaw sayaw na. Bale hindi naman ganon yung original na

pananayaw natin di ba pero dahil palagi silang nanonood, palagi silang nakikinig

ng music na yun, eh di na-acquire nila yung kultura na ay kailangang ganito

sumayaw. Kasi diba napakasynchronized kasi nila sumayaw kapag mga [K-pop

groups].

Laura: Uhm, naaapektuhan sila, para saken consciously. Kasi alam naman nila

yun. Kumbaga, symepre ikaw naman kung matino kang manunuod ng isang

Korean TV Drama, malalaman mo naman kung kalian mo na sila tinatangkilik,

kung kalian ka na nagbabago sa mga galaw mo.

Pedro: As far as I‘ve observe, yes. Unang una sa actions nila, kapag
nakapanood sila nito ng ganitong ganap sa TV, sa youtube, gagayahin na nila
‗yan, so manifestation na ‗yon na influenced sila, influenced with past tense.
Pangalawa, meron talagang mga Pilipino na nagpu-purchase ng mga
merchandise eh bakit sila magpu-purchase kung hindi sila influenced,sa ayun,
influence yun. Pangatlo, nag-aaral ila ng Korean language, influence ‗yon.
Maria: I think yes katulad nga yung mga kaibigan ko lagging nagiging basis nila,
at some point, ang South Korean culture. Usually [consciously] talaga.
Imelda: Uhm yes.

Nai-impluwensyahan sila ng mga napapanood nila, yun without knowing na

naiimpluwensyahan sila.

A. Probing 1: Can you give examples/situations?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]
Laura: Yung mga friends ko kasi mga Korean Drama fans, mga ano sila, mga

fan talaga. Tapos nakikita ko sila na mas gusto nilang kumakain nang naka

chopsticks. Mas gusto nila na ano, nakaupo na pang-Korean. Tapos yung mga

food nila, hindi yung normal na pang Pinoy food. Pag magyayayaan gusto nila sa

Korean na iluluto mo pa yung mga meat mo, ganun.

 Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: Katulad nalang nung sa language, Kasi tayo yung sariling atin, yung
Filipino, yung Tagalog, hindi pa tayo, hindi pa natin masadong gamay, na hindi
natin alam kung paano gamitin ng maayos pero yung sa Korea, yung mga
Korean phrases, usually lagging natin siyang ginagamit and as millennial, lagi na
siya nagiging language natin.
Imelda: Example nalang yung mga kakilala kong Kdrama fans na ayun,
nakikitang kong nagsasalita ng Korean language.

B. Probing 2: How do you perceive this influence, is it positive or negative?

Bartolome: Positive naman kasi syempre maiimprove mo yung sayaw sayaw

mo. Yung dancing skills mo. Pero at some point, ang point ko lang naman kinilala

mo na yung kultura ng ibang bansa, kilala mo ba yung kultura natin? Parang

ganon. Alam mong sumayaw ng Korean, alam mo bang sumayaw ng

pangFilipino? Ganon. Parang at some point, ano rin yun, down part din yun.

Parang downside ng pagiging masyadong fan ng K-drama, ay [pagiging fan] ng

kahit anong [tinantangkilik mong ibang kultura].

Laura: Uhm, negative. Kasi minsan nawawala yung pagiging gusto nila as a

Pinoy. Yung pagtatangkilik nila sa atin, sa sariling products natin. Parang

kumbaga hindi nila napapataas yung economic values ng mga Pinoy. Mas

napapataas nila yung sa Korean pa.

Pedro: Depende kung saan naman nila gagamitin. Kung gagmitin nila un para

kalimutan ang sarili nilang identity, negative ‗yon pero kung gagamitin mo un as

to develop yourself, well positive. Positive tayo dyan ‗wag lang talagang

kakalimutan ang sariling identity.

Maria: I don‘t think naman positive and negative. More on ano nga eh, I think
 neutral lang din. On a positive note naman okay lang na maka-discover new

things. Negative na parang nakakalimutan mo na yung sarling atin.

Imelda: Hm, okay lang naman. Positive kasi natutoto din sila ng ibang culture
and language ng ibat-ibang bansa.

MAIN QUESTION 8: As a Filipino, do you see that the Korean Culture has already been
incorporated as part of your country?

Bartolome: Oo naman kasi the mere fact na inaccept din ng mga Filipino, ng
mga networks sa Philippines yung mga K-drama, eh isa na yung manifestation
na inaccept na ng Philippines ang Korean drama.

Laura: Hindi.

Pedro: Yes, Eighteen percent na incorporated na ditto sa country natin.

Maria: Yes, Kasi half, hindi naman half, siguro mga ¼ ng teenagers ngayon
incline sa Korean drama and Korean Pop
Imelda: Uhm yes.

A. Probing 1: (If yes) What are its manifestations?

Bartolome: Mga ano, parang feeling nila palagi yung story nila parang ano na
tuloy, parang ideal. Parang palagi na lang silang naghahanap ng siguro, feeling
ko lang naman ha, ng ideal na yung gwapong lalaki, na magandang babae,
feeling ko lang naman ganon. Pero wala lang akong ebidensya. Pero feeling ko
parang palagi na lang silang maghahanap ng ideal kasi sa mga napapanood
nilang Korean drama, napakaideal ng mga love story.
Laura: [Question Skipped]
Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: Yung sa fashion or sa music. Kapag naglalakad ka sa streets or kunwari
sa Divisoria. Lagi ka may nakikitang t-shirts na K-pop something, yung mga
ganun.
 Imelda: Yung, ayun nga yung example ko kanina na yung ibang teenager
nagagaya na nila yung way ng parang pagre-respect, yung nagvo-vow sila,
ganun.

B. Probing 2: How do you perceive this/these manifestation/s?

Bartolome: Okay lang naman, positive naman. Okay lang din naman kasi

syempre hindi naman pwedeng ma-confine lang tayo sa isang ano, sa isang way

ng kung ano lang ang [alam natin]. Syempre kapag Filipino, hindi naman

pwedeng ma-confine na lang tayo don sa Filipino way ng pagproduce ng drama.

Kailangan din natin ng incorporation, iincorporate yung iba‘t ibang kultura para

mas maging richer, mas maging mayaman pa yung ating kultura rin.

Laura: [Question Skipped]

Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: Neutral lang din. Hindi ko naman pwedeng pigilan yung kagustuhan ng
iba and hindi naman tama yung parang, anong tawag ditto, yung parang gusto
na yung atin lang, of course, we need to discover new things
Imelda: Uhm, positive naman po.

C. Probing 2.1: Are they Positive or Negative?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]

Laura: [Question Skipped]
Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: [Question Skipped]
Imelda: [Question Skipped]

D. Probing 2.2: Why? How?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]

Laura: [Question Skipped]
 Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: [Question Skipped]
Imelda: [Question Skipped]

E. Probing 3: (If no) Why not?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]

Laura: Kasi ano eh. Kasi meron pa naman tayong sariling culture na masasabi
ating sa atin lang talaga. Kumbaga, nalaman lang naman natin yung culture ng
Korean, hindi naman natin binago ang culture natin para sa Korean.
Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: [Question Skipped]
Imelda: [Question Skipped]

MAIN QUESTION 9: Having said that, as an observer, can you see the KDrama fans being fully
influenced by the Korean Culture in the future?

Bartolome: Fully influenced? Ay hindi naman siguro kasi syempre meron pa rin

yung sense siguro na [pagiging Filipino]. Sabi ko nga, hindi kasi ako ano [fan] di

ba. Hindi naman siguro kasi even though tinatangkilik mo yung isang bagay,

hindi ka naman siguro magpapakafully na i-dedevote mo na lahat yung kultura

mo para don sa ano [ibang kultura].

Laura: Pwede, pero pwede din naman hindi. Siguro sa iba, kasi yung iba gusto

talaga nilang ano eh. Gusto talaga nilang maging Korean by heart, ganun. Gusto

talaga nila na doon na sila titira, ganun. Pero may mga iba pa naman din na fan

lang talaga sila, pero yung puso nila Pinoy pa din.

Pedro: That‘s a hard question pero assumption ko na hindi, hindi fully. Kasi they

cannot afford to live a Korean life in our setting at tsaka maraming mata sa
 Pilipinas, marami ng mata marami pang bibig, so kung ikaw kakaiba ka nagsuot

ka lang ng South Korean attire pupulaan ka na ng mga tao so hindi un maatim ng

mga K-drama fans.

Maria: I think so. Kasi parang lagi nalang natin parang we love new things, ew

love adventures, na parang ano nga na lagi nalang natin sila nagagawa as basis,

parang ganun.

Imelda: Uhm yes.

A. Probing 1: (If yes) Do you think they would consider visiting/going/staying in South
Korea? Why?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]

Laura: [Question Skipped]
Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: Yes, kasi marami din ako kakilala na gustong pumunta sa South
Korea, given naman na sobrang elevated ng country nila.
Imelda: Yes. Sa in the near future siguro makikita ko yung mga fans na yun,
pangarap nila makapunta ng Korea at makita nila ang mga idols nila dun.

B. Probing 2: (If no) Why not?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]

Laura: [Question Skipped]
Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: [Question Skipped]
Imelda: [Question Skipped]
MAIN QUESTION 10: If given a choice, do you think the KDrama fans would still want to be a
Filipino or would they rather choose to change their nationality to be a
Korean?

Bartolome: Ay ewan ko sa kanila. Siguro they would, hindi naman siguro, hindi

naman siguro sila magchechange ng nationality para lang sa ano [Korean idols

nila]. Siguro sapat na sa kanila maging fan lang. Wag nang maging Korean.

Laura: Sa mga friends ko, alam ko na Filipino pa din pipiliin nila. Kasi sa Filipino

mas mararamdaman mo talaga yung pagmamahal ng tao and alam din naman.

Siguro kung Korean fan ka naman talaga and may alam ka sa Korean, alam mo

yung mga nangyayaring war or nangyayaring masama sa Korea. So why do you

have to choose the Korean country between the Philippines and Korean diba?

Pedro: Honestly, I don‘t know. I don‘t know kung… Meron akong kaibigan na K

drama fan pero ‗di ko naman nakikita sa kanya na gusto niyang maging South

Korean citizen..

Maria: I don‘t think so naman kasi kahit naman balik baliktarin natin yung buhay
natin we‘re still Filipino eh. Nabubuhay ka sa Pilipinas so therefore kahit na
magkaroon ka ng ibang influence ng ibang countries you still need to be a
Filipino and I think hindi naman siguro gagawin yung ng K-drama fans iyon.
Imelda: Para sa akin, ano. Mas gugustuhin nilang baguhin yung sarili nila, ayun
nationality nila as Korean.

Ayun nga, base doon sa nao-observe ko, nagbabago na yung perceptions and
beliefs nila towards Korean.
 (If the answer in the previous question is to stay as a Filipino)
C. Probing 3: Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being a Filipino?

Bartolome: Being a Filipino is being—it‘s about resiliency. It‘s about being

welcoming to visitors. It‘s about being generous. Yun lang. Kasi di ba dun tayo

kilala at saka kilala rin tayo sa pagiging matatag so that is I think the, I can define

the, being [a] Filipino, by those distinction[s].

Laura: Uhm, being a Filipino is being what you are. Kasi ang mga Pilipino, para

sa akin ha, sila yung mga totoong tao talaga. And super, kumbaga sa iba‘t-ibang

bansa kasi madami kang makikitang Pinoy, na nagpapakahirap para sa ibang

tao, na hindi naman nila kalahi. So Filipino is ano, pinakamatulunging tao sa

buong mundo, ganun.

Pedro: P***** I**. Wait, it‘s a hard question. Well, the meaning of being a Filipino

is to share. To share within your neighbors, either mankind, financial. To share

your talent across countries and across the globe.

Maria: Being Filipino is being contented and being strong despite the grief in life.

Uso sa atin yung happy lang, yung chill lang tayo kahit na sobrang daming

problems natin.

Imelda: [Question Skipped]

(If the answer in the previous question is to be a Korean)

D. Probing 4: Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being a Korean?

Bartolome: [Question Skipped]

Laura: [Question Skipped]
Pedro: [Question Skipped]
Maria: [Question Skipped]
Imelda: Siguro yung pagiging in, yung pagiging new. Pagiging pasok sa trendy.
 APPENDIX E

INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS
SHIN HYE‟S TRANSCRIPT
HUMSS 12-3 | Female | 18 | Korean TV Drama Fan
Interviewer: Remar Paulo L. Panganiban
Transcriber: Remar Paulo L. Panganiban

Paulo: How proud are you as a Filipino? Why?

Shin Hye: Somehow proud. Ayan. Somehow proud kasi diba ang rich ng culture and
traditions natin. Up until now na-pepepreserve pa din natin yung iba.

Paulo: So having said that, which aspects of being a Filipino are you proud of?

Shin Hye: Yung sa mga values natin. As a Filipino, katulad ng pagiging hospitable kapagka
may mga dayuhan diba na pumupunta dito sa atin.

Paulo: How do you express your pride as a Filipino?

Shin Hye: As a Filipino, like for example nung pumunta kami sa ibang country mayroon
kaming foreign friend and kinuwento naming sa kanila kung gaano ka-rich yung culture natin
dito sa Philippines and tinuturuan din namin sila ng language natin na Filipino and kapag
syempre yung sa ibang bansa nag-uusap kami ng Filipino so parang ineexpress yung proud
naming na Filipino kami.

Paulo: How proud are you to the Philippines and why?

Shin Hye: Somehow proud din kasi kahit hindi naman ganun kaunlad yung Philippines
kapag naman sa mga competition like beauty pageants yung mga sports nakilala yung bansa
natin. Kaya proud naman ako.

Paulo: Having said that, which aspect as of the Philippines are you proud of?

Shin Hye: Ayun sa mga napapanalo natin, doon ako proud. Yung galling ng Filipino. Galing
ng mga tao sa Philippines.

Paulo: How proud are you of the products of the Philippines?

Shin Hye: Proud, kasi ang galing diba kasi hanggang ngayon pati yung mga dating
products mayroon din kasi mga stores na pang Filipino tapos binebenta sa airport tapos binibili
ng mga dayuhan.

Paulo: In terms of TV drama, which do you prefer to watch Korean TV drama or Filipino
TV drama?

Shin Hye: K-drama.

Paulo: What are the qualities of Korean TV drama that made you choose over the
Filipino TV drama?

Shin Hye: Siguro yung uniqueness ng mga palabas nila [Korean], yung pagkakaiba iba nila,
hindi paulit ulit.

Paulo: In average, how many Korean TV drama do you watch in one month?

Shin Hye: Isa lang siguro kasi nga mahaba yung series.

Paulo: In average, how many Filipino TV drama do you watch in one month?

Shin Hye: Hindi ako masyadong nanonoood. Kapag kasi nakabukas yung TV titingin lang
ako pero hindi ko tinatapos, hindi ko kasi pinagtutuunan ng pansin kasi parang alam mo na
yung mangyayari. Sampalan lang ganun, agawan ng asawa. Typical na kaya wala na din akong
interes.

Paulo: What is your perception on the Korean drama fans who are spending in Korean
drama merchandise?

Shin Hye: Addict. Wala kasi siguro sa kapapanood gusto na din nila gayahin yung mga
bagay na nakita nila doon sa palabas. Gusto na nilang bilhin, para feeling nila kamukha nila
yung mga idols nila.

Paulo: Would you consider buying Filipino TV drama merchandise? Like for example,
bili ka ng t-shirt ng Ang Probinsyano, mug ng Ika-6 na utos, mga ganun.

Shin Hye: Hindi naman. Yung iba kinokonsider yun as jeje diba. ―Ay bumili ng Ang
Probinsyano [merchandise] kemeng ganiyan, sobrang addict sa Ang Probinsyano‖

Paulo: So do you think watching Korean TV drama helps the fan in understanding South
Korean‘s culture in what ways?
Shin Hye: Siguro kasi pinapakita naman sa palabas nila yung mga culture nila. Kasama na

doon yung ginagawa nila everyday.

Paulo: Do you think watching Korean TV drama helps or gives you a better picture or
perception of South Korea and how?

Shin Hye: Oo, kasi yung sa mga traits palang na pinapakita nila doon sa mga palabas
parang makikita mo na ―Ay, ang cute cute nila‖ parang ganito pala mayroon din palang values
sa Filipino, parang may pagkakapareho pala.

Paulo: Do you think watching Korean TV drama changes your perception about the
Philippines?

Shin Hye: Hindi naman. Noon ko pa kasi alam yung mga palabas sa atin, parang paulit ulit
nalang kaya nung nanood ako ng K-drama, syempre hindi naman ako ma-sashock na maganda
yun. ―Ay iba ‗to!‖ Hindi naman mababago kasi parang alam ko na ganun talaga yung Sistema sa
mga palabas sa country natin.

Paulo: Do you think that watching Filipino TV drama gives you better picture of the
Philippines?

Shin Hye: Oo, kasi kung ano pinapakita nila sa atin ganun yung nangyayari sa bansa natin.
Yung mga ugali na nagagawa ng asawa, yung mga paghihinganti, paulit-ulit nalang.

Paulo: Do you watching Filipino TV drama changes your perception about the
Philippines?

Shin Hye: Hindi naman. Ganun pa din. Ganun pa din yung palabas, bakit magbabago eh
ganun naman talaga sa reyalidad.

Paulo: What do you think is the difference of your culture to South Korean‘s culture?

Shin Hye: Mas discipline sila kasi makikita mo naman diba na ang ayos ayos na mga lugar
nila compared sa atin pati yung mga pag-uugali nila, may mga delikadesa. Mga quiet lang
ganun.

Paulo: Do you think your local culture is inferior or superior to their culture?

Shin Hye: Hindi naman [inferior], pantay lang. Feel ko pantay pa din naman kasi proud pa
din naman ako. Kahit na mas nasasapawan ng mga Korean TV drama yung mga palabas natin.
Paulo: What are the possible advantages of your local culture has that Korean culture
does not have?

Shin Hye: Diba sa Korea kapag tumuntong ka ng age ng 18 yata ‗yun, para magpasurgery
sila para lang makapasok sa TV ganiyan yung para maging artista ka, magpapaopera ka.
Parang wala silang confidence sa mga hitsura nila kasi ditto sa atin confident tayo kahit ano
tayo. Parang may pagpapahalaga tayo sa binigay sa atin. Hindi mo na babaguhin.

Paulo: Tingin mo yung mga fan ng Korean drama na-iimpluwensyahan na sila ng South
Korean culture, consciously ba or unconsciously ba? Bakit?

Shin Hye: Siguro na-iimpluwensyahan na sila consciously kasi alam naman nila yun eh.
Lalo na yung mga pagkain keme kemerut. Mayroon kasi akong friend, bumili pa talaga siya ng
chopsticks para feeling niya Koreana siya kahit nasa bahay lang nila, nag gaganun siya. Sabi
niya Koreana na daw siya nun. Parang naapektuhan na siya nun, alam naman niya yun na
naapektuhan na siya ng culture tapos ang hilig niyang magkakain sa mga Korean restaurants
ganun.

Paulo: How do you perceive these manifestations or influences? Is it positive or

negative?

Shin Hye: Negative kasi sobrang na-impluwensyahan na tayo diba kinakalimutan na natin
yung culture natin. Parang pinagpapalit na natin, mas minamahal natin yung culture ng ibang
bansa kaysa sa culture natin.

Paulo: As a Filipino, do you see that the Korean culture has already been incorporated
aspart of your country?

Shin Hye: Siguro, dami na kasing ano ngayon nanood na Filipino ng Korean TV drama
habang lumalawak yan mas maiimpluwensyahan ng maiimpluwensyahan yung mga tao ditto na
parang ayun, hindi na mawawala sa kanila yung culture ng Korea.

Paulo: Tingin mo ba ay positive or negative yung mga manifestations na mga sinabi

mo?

Shin Hye: Negative, kasi ayun nga diba, habang lumalawak yun, mas lalo natin
makakalimutan yung culture natin. Hindi natin siya mapepreserve kasi pinagpapalit natin siya sa
ibang culture.
Paulo: Tingin mo ba yung mga Korean drama fan ay maiimpluwensyahan sila totally
talaga ng Korean culture in the present time at pati sa future?

Shin Hye: Ngayon, tingin ko sa present time lang, feel ko lang ha tingin ko hindi naman
hanggang future yayabong siya or pwede naman siyang yumabong kung tatangkilikin pa din
natin. Sa present lang din siguro kasi lahat naman diba nalalaos.

Paulo: Would you consider going, staying or visiting South Korea?

Shin Hye: Visit lang siguro pero hindi mag-iistay pa doon. Syempre, gusto ko din Makita
yung mga nasa pinapanood ko diba. Parang nakakatuwa lang yung pinapanood mo dati, tapos
nanood ka na pero visit lang hindi yung doon na mag-iistay kasi mahal ko pa din yung country
ko.

Paulo: If you would given a chance, would you change your nationality to Korean or
would you still be a Filipino?

Shin Hye: Filipino pa din, kahit gusto ko yung mga pinapanood ko, mga Korean. Filipino pa
din kasi dito ako lumaki and alam ko na kahit madaming negative sa bansa natin Filipino pa din,
kasi masaya ako na Filipino ako.

Paulo: Then you have said that you would still want to be a Filipino, what is the true
meaning of being a Filipino for you?

Shin Hye: Edi proud ka bilang isang Filipino. Kapag proud ka [as a Filipino] ayun.
GONG YOO‟s TRANSCRIPT

HUMSS 12-7 | Male | 17 | Korean TV Drama Fan

Interviewer: Joanne Mariel T. Palisoc

Transcriber: Remar Paulo L. Panganiban

Joanne: Good afternoon, Mr. Collado! The first question would be, how proud are you of
being a Filipino and why?

Gong Yoo: Sa palagay ko sobrang close ako sa Philippines kasi sinusuportahan ko yung
products nila and pag may mga bagong labas then kapag may budget naman ako, why not na
hindi sila suportahan. So for me, close ako sa Philippines.

Joanne: Having said that, which aspect of being Filipino are you proud of?

Gong Yoo: Ano… Sa lahat. Sa colors [race/ethnicity], sa nationality, and of course, sa mga
kababayan natin lalo na sa mga athlete like Manny Pacquiao.

Joanne: How do you express your pride as a Filipino?

Gong Yoo: Siguro, yung hindi ka mahihiya in a way na proud ka palagi then of course, wala
kang doubt na Filipino ka sa lahat ng pakikisalamuha mo.

Joanne: How proud are you of the Filipino values and norms?

Gong Yoo: Ulit, ulit.

Joanne: How proud are you of the Filipino values and norms?

Gong Yoo: Sakto lang. Kumbaga kung ano nandiyan, susundin and of course, kung tama
ba‘t mo ikakahiyang gawin.

Joanne: How proud are you of Philippines and why?

Gong Yoo: Sa pamamagitan ng kapag mayroon mga banyaga na nagtanong sa akin kung
ano yung mayroon sa Philippines, hindi ko siya ikakahiya, ipapakita ko kung ano ang mayroon
sa Pilipinas and of course, lahat ng specialty or kung ano man ang mayroon sa Pilipinas
sasabihin ko sa kanila.

Joanne: Having said that, which aspects of the Philippines are you proud of?
Gong Yoo: Siguro sa mga notable places dito. Sa food and sa mga athletes na sikat dito sa
Pilipinas. Ayun lang.

Joanne: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?

Gong Yoo: Siguro sa pamamagitan nang pagsuport sa mga slogan natin like yung ―It‘s more
fun in the Philippines‖ or pag-ano [promote] sa mga social media i-express mo yung mga
bagong products natin.

Joanne: How proud are you of the products made in the Philippines?

Gong Yoo: Syempre, mapapakita mo naman na proud ka kapag sinuportahan mo siya.

Kapag mayroon iPhone di kaya or cellphone ng Pilipinas, syempre kung bibilhin mo yung
product ng Philippines, of course mapapakita mo pa din na proud ka kasi mas pinili mo pa rin
yung sariling atin.

Joanne: In terms of TV drama, which do you prefer to watch Korean TV drama or Filipino
TV drama and why?

Gong Yoo: Honestly, Filipino TV drama pa din kahit na nanonood ako ng K-drama. Filipino
drama kasi mas makakarelate ako tsaka sa lahat ng mga drama na iyon and of course, medyo
naranasan ko yung iba. Makakarelate ka lang talaga.

Joanne: In average, how many Korean TV drama do you watch in one month?

Gong Yoo: Mga apat or lima.

Joanne: In average, how many Filipino TV drama do you watch in one month?

Gong Yoo: Siguro seven to eight.

Joanne: Have you already bought or spent money on Korean TV drama merchandise or
anything related showed in various Korean TV drama?

Gong Yoo: No, sa mga free TV lang, free websites lang.

Joanne: Pero yung product hindi? Hindi ka bumili? Why not?

Gong Yoo: Hindi pa. Walang pambili, tapos minsan kapag may pambili ka mas maganda
yung susuportahan mo na yung Philippine products.

Joanne: So do you consider buying Filipino TV drama merchandise? Why?

Gong Yoo: Syempre, ‗yun nga yung sariling atin. Sino pa ba susuporta? Filipino din, tayo rin.
Tsaka kung paano mo ma-encourage na gumawa ulit ng panibagong products kung walang
susuporta sa kanila.

Joanne: So diba nanonood ka ng Korean TV drama, does watching Korean TV drama

help you understanding the South Korean culture? If yes, in what ways?

Gong Yoo: Yes, sa pamamagitan ng ano, syempre sa isang episode pa lang nila
mapapakita na ganito yung tradisyon nila. Sa simpleng paghanda ng pagkain. So for me,
napapakita nila yung simpleng culture or traditions nila.

Joanne: Does watching Korean TV drama give you a better picture or perception of South
Korea and how?

Gong Yoo: For me yes, kasi kapag nanonood ka ng K-Drama parang nagbabasa ka na din
ng novel or history books nila kasi ang pinagkaiba lang nila dito is yung script and visualization.
And of course, kapag may ganun nasasama na nila culture and traditions nila na napapanood
ko at minsan pa nga ay na-aadapat pa nating mga Filipino.

Joanne: Does watching Korean TV drama change your own perception of your
owncountry? If yes, how?

Gong Yoo: No.

Joanne: Does watching Filipino TV drama give you a better picture or perception of the
Philippines? If yes, the same how?

Gong Yoo: Siguro sa pamamagitan ng kapag mayroon sila isang episode na shinoshoot nila
sa ganitong notable lugar natin of course, ma-aadapt nga natin yung culture natin. For example,
kapag nagshoot sila sa Baguio and then kapag yung mga tauhan nila is yung mga naka-bahag.
And of course, makikita din natin kung ano yung mayroon doon, mayroon sa traditions nila.
Ayun lang.

Joanne: Do you think that watching Filipino TV drama change your perception of the
Philippines?

Gong Yoo: Hindi naman masyado. Hindi talaga. Wala wala.

Joanne: Do you consider yourself as being influenced by the South Korean‘s culture in
some ways? Consciously or unconsciously? Why?
Gong Yoo: For me unconsciously kasi minsan kinakausap ako ng mga kaibigan ko tapos
biglanalang ako magkokorean. Hindi ko din malaman kung bakit siya lumabalas sa bibig ko.
Ayun lang, unconsciously.

Joanne: How do you perceived these influences? Is it positive or negative?

Gong Yoo: Positive in a way, natuto ka ng language nila kasi kapag minsan nag abroad ka
then may alam ka na kahit papaano. Negative in a way na minsan ginagamit mo na yung
language nila kaysa sa doon sa sariling wika natin.

Joanne: As a Filipino, do you see that the Korean culture has already been incorporated
as part of your country?

Gong Yoo: For me yes, almost kahit saan ka sa mga students talagang makikita mo na
influenced na sila ng Korea. Ayun lang.

Joanne: So what are its manifestations? Examples, magbigay ka.

Gong Yoo: Ayun yung pagpapasok sila sa school naka-headband sila, kulay kulay mga
ganun tapos kapag mayroon concert na nagsabay Korean and Filipino, mas pinapanood nila
yung Korean. Kapag may bumisitang artist na galing sa Korea, mas pinipili na nilang magspend
ng money or time doon kaysa sa mga sariling produkto natin.

Joanne: How do you perceived these manifestations?

Gong Yoo: Negative, syempre kasi yung Philippines natatabunan naman muli ng culture
parang unti unti tayong nasasakop ng panibagong tradition and culture. Nawawala yung sarili
natin culture and tradition.

Joanne: Diba sabi mo na unconsciously na influenced ka ng South Korean culture

through watching Korean TV drama, can see yourself as being fully influenced by the Korean
culture for a long time?

Gong Yoo: Hindi naman. Hindi.

Joanne: Why not?

Gong Yoo: Kasi alam ko kung paano ko i-limit ang sarili ko na hanggang doon lang ang
papanood ko and of course, kahit nanood ako ng Korean, mas pinipili ko pa din yung Filipino.

Joanne: If given a choice, would you still want to be a Filipino or would you rather change
your nationality to be a Korean?
Gong Yoo: Maging Filipino pa din. Hindi ko papalitan yung nationality ko. It is my origin and
for me, ito na yung nakasanayan kong lifestyle and traditions and kahit anong mangyari of
course, Filipino ka pa din.

Joanne: The last question would be, for you, what do you think is meaning of being a
Filipino?

Gong Yoo: For me, isa kang Filipino sa pamamagitan ng kapag proud ka kung anong
mayroon ka and of course, kahit na may mag introduce sayo ng ibang culture and traditions
hindi mo pa din kakalimutan yung sariling pinagmulan.
MINHO‟S TRANSCRIPT
HUMSS 12-2 | Male | 17 | Korean TV Drama Fan

Interviewer: Remar Paulo L. Panganiban

Transcriber: Remar Paulo L. Panganiban

Paulo: How proud are you of being a Filipino and why?

Minho: Siguro proud ako bilang Filipino na kaya kong ipagmalaki sa ibang lahi na
Filipino ako kahit saan man ako magpunta kasi wala naman ibang magmamalaki sa mga
Filipino kung hindi tayo mismong gma Filipino.

Paulo: Having said that, which aspects of being Filipino are you proud of?

Minho: Siguro yung pinakakilala na ng buong mundo, yung pagiging hospitable natin sa
mga bisita natin. Syempre mas magandang ipagmalaki yun kapag may mga touristang galing
sa ibang bansa na pumupunta sa bayan natin. Kailangan natin maging hospitable para makilala
tayo sa tourismo.

Paulo: How do you express your pride as a Filipino?

Minho: Mahirap yung tanong pero siguro bilang isang estudyante mas nakikinig ako ng
mga music na Filipino. Oo, sabihin na natin K-pop fan ako pero may mga Filipino musics akong
pinapakinggan at tsaka yung mga products ng Pinoy may mas tiwala ako sa mga produktong
Pinoy kaysa sa ibang produkto eh kasi hindi ko naman mababasa yung ibang mga sulat [label]
sa mga produkto. Malay mo, expired na ‗yun eh dito sa Filipino mababasa at maiintindihan natin
yung mga produkto label nila sa products or items.

Paulo: How proud are you of the Filipino values and norms?

Minho: Kung i-rarate ko, very very proud.

Paulo: Can you please expound it?

Minho: Very proud kasi diba nakilala tayo marami na tayong mga kalamidad na
pinagdaanan. Kilala tayo kasi sa trait na resilient, resilience daw tayo sa bansag ng ibang mga
bansa sa ating mga Filipino kasi kahit sobrang dami na nating pinagdaanan mga problema
nakangiti pa din tayo at nakikipagtulungan o pagbibigay ng kooperasyon sa bawat isa.
Paulo: Okay, so next question. Kung kanina tinanong kita bilang Filipino, ngayon naman
ay how proud are you of the Philippines and why? I mean dito naman ay in a national scale kasi
kanina as an individual, ngayon naman ay how proud are you of the Philippines and why?

Minho: Kung i-rarate natin siguro ulit, very very proud. Yung Pilipinas kasi kaya nang
makipagsabayan sa mga growing economy sa mga neighbor countries niya like China, India.
Yung Pilipinas ngayon kasi tumataas na yung ekonomiya natin, diba? At mas nakakaproud
kapag sa news halimbawa na narinig mo, syempre magiging proud ka as a Filipino ―Ay,
Philippines yung bansa na ‗yan. Filipino tayo.‖

Paulo: Having said that, which aspects of the Philippines are you proud of?

Minho: Siguro yung sa mga natural resources natin sa Pilipinas. Sobrang popular ang
Pilipinas sa mga natural resources natin like yung sa Palawan, sa Boracay. Popular tayo sa
mga beaches. Sa mga beaches na white sand tapos yung mga historical sites like Intramuros,
Cebu at iba pa. Aspect sa tourismo and natural resources din talaga.

Paulo: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?

Minho: Isang beses pala yung nagkaroon ng botohan sa ―7 wonders of Nature‖. Dating
dati pa ‗yun like 2012. Sobrang into talaga ako doon, sobrang inimmersed ko yung sarili ko
doon sa pagboto. Tapos kapag sa Miss Universe lalo na kapag international competitions kapag
sa internet hanggat kaya ko ginagawa ko yung paraan para makapagcontribute sa panalo ng
mga competitors na galing dito sa Pilipinas para sa mga international competitions. Like sa Miss
Universe, pag internet voting tapos yung halimbawa nga yung sa Puerto Princesa bumoto din
ako doon. Ayun wala na akong maalala.

Paulo: How proud are you of products the made in the Philippines?

Minho: Proud na proud ako kasi sobrang pinagbuhusan ng enerhiya, energy, ng effort,
pinagbuhusan talaga siya ng effort yung mga produkto natin. Most of the products kasi natin ay
mga handmade kasi nga naglalack tayo ng mga machineries or technological something. Sa
ibang bansa puro products of machines tapos mga scientifical kineme yung mga product nila.
Sa atin, natural and mas nabigyan ng effort kumbaga mas dama mo yung pagmamahal sa
product na ‗yun habang ginagamit mo ‗yun.

Paulo: In terms of TV drama, which do you prefer to watch Korean TV drama or Filipino
TV drama and why?
Minho: Honestly yung mga Korean drama kasi mas malalim yung pinaghuhugutan nila,
mas maraming mga twist. Hindi katulad dito sa mga Philippine drama, pinoy drama na sobrang
predictable yung plot. Sa K-drama kasi sobrang mamangha ka kapag napanood mo ‗yun lalo na
sa mga kapag revelations na.

Paulo: What are the qualities of Korean TV drama that made you choose it over Filipino
TV drama?

Minho: Siguro yung unang una yung mga artista. Kilala talaga yung mga artista nila kasi
kailangan pa nilang mag undergo pa sa training bago ka maging artist doon sa Korea. Tapos
yung quality of films, sobrang gaganda ng mga ano nila. Like 3D, yung sa film? Anong tawag
mo dito? Basta ganun. Mas maganda yung quality na binibigay nila sa mga Korean drama sa
mga televiewers kaysa sa mga Filipino. Lalo na yung plot, sobrang ganda talaga ng mga plot
nila and tsaka unpredictable yung mga events doon sa story.

Paulo: In average, how many Korean TV drama do you watch in one month?

Minho: Ngayon medyo ano muna ako sa K-drama pero may pinapanood akong dalawa
ngayon. Sa isang linggo kasi isang series yung tinatapos ko. Siguro mga four.

Paulo: Four Korean drama per month?

Minho: Oo.

Paulo: In average, how many Filipino TV drama do you watch in one month?

Minho: Ay hindi na kasi ako masyadong nanonod ng mga TV ngayon pero may
sinusubaybayan ako ngayon yung La Luna Sanggre. Siguro mga isa or dalawa nalang kasi
hindi kasi ano ako ngayon sa TV, dami kasing assignments, nakakaloka.

Paulo: Have you already bought or spent money on Korean TV drama merchandise or
anything related or showed in various Korean TV drama?

Minho: Ay hindi. Ayun talaga yung ano ko. Kapag may K-drama lang, drama lang. Wala
nang bili bili ng mga produkto kasi nagtitipid din ako. Hindi ako gumagastos kahit na sinabi kahit
na may sinabing may bayad yung panoorin like sa mga applications na BIU diba may bayad
‗yun. Nanonood lang talaga ako sa mga web na free. Hindia ko nag iispend ng money para sa
K-drama something.
Paulo: If you have a money, would you consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV
drama?

Minho: Yes, siguro.

Paulo: Like for example yung t-shirt ng Ang Probinsyano, mug ng Ika-6 na utos. Would
you consider buying those things?

Minho: Kung sobrang fan ako siguro ng drama na ‗yun, siguro bibili ako kapag may pera
ako pero ngayon kasi wala talaga eh. Hindi kasi ako fan ng mga Pinoy drama ngayon. Siguro,
imbis na bumili ako iipunin ko nalang.

Paulo: Does watching TV drama helped you in understanding South Korean culture in
what ways?

Minho: Yung culture kasi nila sobrang respect tapos magalang sila. Ultimo sa pagbobow
doon sa mga napapanood ko. Tapos sobrang gagalang nila sa mga elders sa mga Koreans
Yung sa mga Korean values sobrang pinapahalagahan talaga nila yung elders sa Korea.

Paulo: Does watching Korean TV drama give you a better picture or perception of South
Korea?

Minho: Ay feeling ko hindi pa ganoon. Yung South Korean TV drama kasi napapanood
ko pinapakita lang nila yung good side ng Korea, parang wala pa akong nakikitang K-drama na
halimbawa na tumutukoy sa kahirapan sa South Korea, sa mga krimen. Puro good side palang
talaga. Feeling ko hindi ko pa nakikita yung Korea sa mga napanood kong K-drama.

Paulo: Does watching Korean drama change your perception of your own country and
how?

Minho: Yes, sa perception tungkol siguro sa aspect ng film industry. Yung mga movie
movie something, mga films, mga series doon siguro nag change yung view ko. Napagtanto ko
na mas maganda talaga yung quality ng mga K-drama kaysa sa mga Filipino TV drama pero
ngayon may mga Filipino drama na nagpapasiklab na parang umuunlad at ginagaya na yung
technique ng Korean drama like yung kayla Nash Aguas, na gandahan kasi ako sa plot na ‗yun.
The Good Son iyon. Ayun parang na change yung view ko sa Pilipinas, sa film industry lang
pero hindi as a whole.

Paulo: Do you think watching Fillipino TV drama give you a better picture and perception
of the Philippines?
Minho: Ay, oo, yes. Dito kasi sa mga Philippine drama kahit predictable yung plot
pinapakita talaga nila kung ano yung nangyayari sa plot, sa totoong buhay like yung sa Ang
Probinsyano, kahirapan tapos sa The Good Son, maganda din kasi yung The Good Son kasi
sakit kasi may schizophrenia. Tapos yung kay Lily Cruz [Wildflower] marami pa yung iba tapos
yung Pangako Sa‘yo. Basta yung mga films [drama] talaga dito makikita mo talaga yung
Pilipinas as a whole dahil nirereflect talaga nila yung reality.

Paulo: Do you think watching Filipino TV drama change your perception of the
Philippines and how?

Minho: No, hindi niya na chachange kasi kung paano ko nakikita yung Pilipinas sa
reyalidad ay ganoon din ko nakikita yung Pilipinas sa pamamagitan ng mga drama na iyon kasi
totoo naman yung pinapakita nila. Ayun, tsaka kasi minsan yung mga drama sa Pilipinas
nagpapakita sila ng mga quality ng Filipino, hospitable, kaya medyo nagchachange din yung
perception ko sa Pilipinas pero as a whole hindi talaga. Nakikita ko din naman kasi talaga sa
reyalidad ‗yun.

Paulo: What do you think is the difference between the South Korean culture to your
local culture?

Minho: Yung sa South Korean culture kasi mas pinapahalagahan nila yung mga
traditions nila kumbaga kung ano yung mga nakagawian nila sa dati pinapratice pa din nila
hanggang ngayon kasi sa atin kumbaga yung mga parang ginagawa noon kinakalimutan natin
like Bayanihan. Bihira ka nalang makakita nang nagbabayanihan ngayon, yung binubuhat yung
bahay tapos ililipat sa ibang lugar. Tapos yung mga nagbabarong at baro‘t saya, bihira ka
nalang makakita. Kapag may mga okasyon ka nalang makakita ng ganun. Sa South Korea,
kahit walang okasyon nag gaganun sila [traditional costume] kahit na bibisita lang sila sa ibang
lugar. Hindi silang nahihiyang magsuot, pinagmamalaki kasi nila yung kultura. Tayo kasi parang
nahihiya tayo sa kultura natin, parang Xenocentrism.

Paulo: Do you think your local culture is inferior or superior to their culture?

Minho: Inferior yung culture natin. Nanatili pa din kasi yung crab mentality and colonial
mentality tapos mas pinapahagalahan pa natin yung produkto ng iba kaysa sa atin. Kagaya sa
atin, aminado naman ako, tingin ko sa mga drama natin kumbaga wala sa standards.

Paulo: What are the possible advantages that your local culture has that their culture
does not have?
Minho: Siguro yung pakikipagtulungan sa kapwa sa oras ng kalamidad or hindi
inaasahan like yung mga nangyari katulad ng sa Marawi clash, Yolanda surge, yung mga
ganun. Unexpectedly, lumalabas yung pusong matulungin natin mga Filipino lalo na sa mga
hindi inaasahan katulad nalang sa mga kalamidad na nangyayari. Sobrang iniisip talaga natin
yung makakabuti sa kapwa natin kaysa sa sarili natin kumbaga hindi natin iinisip yung
makakabuti lang sa atin bagkus kung ano yung matutulong natin sa kapwa. Kung ano yung
kailangan nating maibigay na wala sa kanila. Napansin ko sa ibang bansa sobrang self-
centered nila parang hindi nila iniisip yung mga taong nasa paligid nila. Kahit sa bahay, sobrang
layo layo ng bahay sa kanila. Parang sobrang private kumbaga, dito kasi sa Pilipinas kahit
magkakatabi na yung bahay wala pa din pakelam kumbaga na dedevelop dito sa culture natin
yung damayan.

Paulo: Do you consider yourself as being influenced by South Korean culture in

someways? Conscioulsy or unconsciously?

Minho: Na-impluwensyahan ako ng South Korea of course, consciously. Alam ko naman

na impluwensyahan nila ako. Sa pannamit pa lang eh, hindi naman sa pananamit na nagpapalit
ako ng kulay ng buhok. Parang mas in kasi yung Korean fashion. Sa mga idols na nakikita ko
sa pananamit nila, yun nga lang hindi lang talaga applicable sa Pilipinas. Lalo na yung mga
sweater sweater na ‗yan. Na-influenced ako ng culture na iyon sa fashion, kung paano ako
makipaginteract sa mga tao. Sa mga South Korean drama, diba nga sabi ko kanina, sobrang
pagpapahalaga yung binibigay nila sa elders nila. Ngayon, lately ko lang na-realize na
kailangan mo maging mapagmahal ka sa magulang mo at kailangan mong suklian yung
binibigay nila sa‘yo. Naging family oriented ako through South Korean drama.

Paulo: How do you perceive this manifestations or influences? Are they positive or
negative?

Minho: Negative in some ways pero more on positive side. Positive side kasi nga sinabi
ko kanina na syempre doon sa pagiging family oriented, alam naman natin na positive side yun
kasi good manners and good values ang natutunan ko through Korean drama. Negative siguro
kasi yung kailangan pasok ka sa in sa society. Kailangan maging in ka sa society. Kailangan
kung ano yung sinusuot nila, isuot mo rin. Kumbaga dapat ay makisabay ka sa uso. Like for
example sa South Korean culture kung nagpapaplastic surgery yung iba, kailangan syempre
magpa-plastic surgery ka din; parang ayun yung sa negative side.
Paulo: As a Filipino, do you see that the Korean culture has been already incorporated
as part of your country? If yes, what are its manfestations?

Minho: Yes, sa industry ng mga celebrities. Sa showbiz. Lalo na yung mga naglalabasan
dito na hindi lang kayang sumayaw or kumanta which is ginagaya na yung South Korean idols.
Tapos yung pagusbong ng mga Korean products sa cosmetics. Pumupunta ako sa Watsons,
mga BB cream, mga Korean something yung mga tatak. Mga pampaganda, pampakinis,
Korean talaga yung tatak. Kumbaga yung South Korean culture ay na incorporate na nila sa
iba‘t ibang aspects ng bansa natin.

Paulo: What is your perception about these manifestations? Are they positive or
negative?

Minho: Siguro positive siya kasi nagiging manifestation din siya ng globalization.
Nagiging open tayo sa mga cultures, binibigyan natin ng value yung differences among cultures
and traditions sa mga bansa. With that, tinatanggap na natin fully for example, South Korean
drama, sobrang rampant talaga niya, lalo na last year. Tapos yung mga cosmetic products nila.
Dito nga sa atin may mga naghihire na ng Korean artists eh, yung sa Channel 7, yung Korean
kineme. Yung kay Heart Evangelista. Yung sa Tv5, yung isang member ng Ukiss na nagjudge
sa isang variety show. Tapos dito sa Abs Cbn, si Sandara Park, diba nagjudge din siya sa
Boyband PH.

Paulo: Having said that, can you see yourself being fully influenced by the South Korean
culture for a long time?

Minho: Not fully, mayroon pa din Filipino values na natitira sa akin kahit papaano. 30%
siguro, basta hindi lalagpasa sa 50%. Korean drama opened my mind, variety of aspects
kumbaga sa cosmetics, showbizness and paano kung magkaroon ng perfect boy or girl group
tsaka sa values na din. 30% lang naman kasi syempre nandito ka sa Pilipinas, mas immerse
ako sa Filipino values at mas alam ko kaysa sa Korean values na napapanood ko lang naman
sa mga TV.

Paulo: Would you consider going, staying or visiting South Korea?

Minho: Kung may pera, oo. Visiting and staying mga one month. Syempre, i-coconsider
ko ‗yun lalo na kapag libre pero wala naman pera at hindi naman afford ng budget, eh ‗di wag
nalang. Stay, staycation nalang.
Paulo: If given a choice, would you still want to be a Filipino or would you rather change
your nationality to be a Korean?

Minho: Still a Filipino. I was born to be a Filipino then I will die as a Filipino.

Paulo: Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being a Filipino?

Minho: Pakikipagkapwa tao. Pagibigay ng iyong sarili sa iba. Being Filipino means, you
are trying to incorporate the values and knowledge that you have learned from your
surroundings or society. Being a Filipino means being hospitable. Being Filipino is being
resilient kahit anong problema yung bumalandra sa harap mo. Kahit anong trials na harapin mo
tatanggapin mo pa din kasi resilient ka dahil alam mo mapagtatagumpayan mo iyon kasi alam
mong Filipino ka.
YOONA‟S TRANSCRIPT
HUMSS 12-2 | Female | 18 | Korean TV Drama Fan

Interviewer: Robbin L. Sarreal

Transcriber: Robbin L. Sarreal

Robbin: Good afternoon so we are here to interview you regarding about being a K-
drama fan? So the first question is how proud are being a Filipino and why?

Yoona: Feeling ko para sakin yung pagiging proud ko as a Filipino is for me ah, I think
I‘m a proud filipino, maraming ipagmamalaki yung bansa natin, maraming ipagmamalaki yung
culture natin and yung traditions natin, pwede nating masabi na at par with other countries.

Robbin: Having said that, which aspect of being a Filipino are you proud of?

Yoona: Feeling ko yung mga aspect kung saan proud ako. First of all yung mga Filipino,
yung mga famous Filipino na nag-thrive sa other countries. Nakakaproud na yung mga fellow
Filipino citizen mo successful siya and kilala sa other countries. Second is values natin na kahit
nasa ibang bansa ka na or nandito ka, patuloy pa rin siyang pinapractice even if andami ng
development sa country natin, di pa rin nawawala yung values natin.

Robbin: How do you express your pride as a Filipino naman?

Yoona: Feeling ko naman yung being a proud Filipino means na kaya mong mag voice
out ng opinions mo yung mga issues regarding the Philippines. So para sakin mapapakita ko
yung pride ko as a Filipino for example nag popost ako ng opinions ko, yung mga opinions ko
na rationale. For example sa twitter na maipapakita ko na may pake ako as a Filipino.

Robbin: How proud are you of the Philippines and why?

Yoona: Sa situation ngayon is, masasabi ko is 50-50. First of all, proud ako sa
Philippines kasi ang dami nating progess within the past few years, marami na ring bagay na
nabago for the better and yet, still the other thing is di ako ka-proud sa Philippines is because
meron pa rin ilang issues na hanggang ngayon di pa din nasosolusyonan. Even after kahit
gaano natin pinagpalitpalit yung government natin yung system natin di pa din nababago.

Robbin: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?

Yoona: Feeling ko naman kasi yung pag take part mo. For example sa success ng
Philippines. Alam mo sa sarili mo na nagtake part ka dun. Feeling ko yun yung way ko in
expressing na nakatulong ako, alam ko sa sarili ko yun, once na alam ko nag thrive yung idea
na ‗yun. In terms of TV-drama.

Robbin: Which do you prefer to watch, Filipino or Korean drama? Why?

Yoona: Sa tingin ko yung Korean drama, is yung storyline nila is different, unique siya in
every series, di tulad dito sa Philippines na madalas same storyline lang eh sobrang redundant.
Nag-iiba lang yung characters, nag-iiba lang yung pangalan, and yet same pa rin yung story
niya. So mas preferred ko yung Korean TV drama.

Robbin: In average, how many Korean TV drama do you watch in one month?

Yoona: Pag di masyadong Busy 2-3, pero kapag masyadong hectic yung gawaan, siguro
mga 1 in an average.

Robbin: In term of merchandise, have you bought, already spend, on K-drama

merchandise or anything related na pinapakita sa k-drama?

Yoona: Di naman.

Robbin: Why not?

Yoona: First of all, yung series naman kasi, pag bumili ka ng merchandise, Kalaunan,
malalaos na din, so yung binili mo sayang lang. Second, mahal yung merchandise. Instead na
spend mo yung pera mo sa merchandise, why not spend it on other things na makakabuti sayo.

Robbin: If you do not consider k-drama merchandise, kinoconsider mo din ba na bumili

ng Pilipino drama merchandise?

Yoona: Hindi.

Robbin: Why?

Yonna: Ang jejemon kasi, tapos pangalawa di mo naman magagamit sa buhay mo ba‘t
ka naman bibili ng album nila diba. Sayang pera. Does watching K-Drama TV drama helps you
in understanding South Korean Culture?

Yoona: Yes.

Robbin: In what way?

Yoona: Isa sa favourite kong genre ng k-drama is yung history kasi first of all
napakacolorful ng history nila. Pag napapanood mo nakakasama ka din dun kaya mas
iintindihan mo culture nila.

Robbin: Does watching K-Drama gives you a better picture or perception ng south korea?
How?

Yoona : Oo, yun nga diba sabi ko yung history. Nakikita mo yung development nila dun.
Tapos habang napapanood mo yung drama, parang nakikita mo yung goals nila. Yung present
nila, development nila sa country.

Robbin: Yung panonood naman ng K-drama, nakakapagpabago ba ng perception mo sa

sarili mong bansa? How?

Yoona: Yes. magkakaroon kasi ng comparison eh. Nakikita mo na For example is K-

Drama makikita mo yung sistema nila sa bansa nila. And yet maiisip mo na bakit di pwede
iapply sa bansa natin para mas maging develop tayo.

Robbin: Having said that, In terms of watching Filipino drama. Binibigyan ba ikaw ng
better picture ng perception mo sa sarili mong bansa?

Yoona: Para sakin oo, kasi yung mga storylines kasi ng Philippines, Eto yung nangyayari
sa bansa natin, mas nagiging aware ako sa ano yung nangyayari. Parang a glimpse of reality
through TV drama.

Robbin: So nababago yung perception mo of the Philippines because of Filipino TV

Drama? Next question is what is the difference between south Korean culture and local culture.

Yoona: Unang una sa lahat yung respect nila. Kahit sabihin mong yung Pilipino nila na
magagalang sila. Pag nanonood ka ng Korean drama iba yung way ng discipline nila yung
respect nila sa other people. Eto yung oras at lugar kung saan ka sasakay ng bus. Yung
kasama nila mga elders nila iba yung pinapakita nilang respect kesa sa nakikita natin sa
philippines

Robbin: Do you think your local culture is inferior or superior sa culture nila?

Yoona: Sa nangyayari sa atin ngayon. I think inferior yung culture natin simply because.
Tayong Filipino, inaadapt natin yung culture natin.
Robbin: What are the possible advantages does your local culture na wala sa culture ng
South Korea?

Yoona: Yung pagiging happy nila. Yung very positive kasi ng mga Filipinos. Yet sa south
korea, sobrang stressed nila sa work nila. Di na nila kaya maging happy, di kaya maging
positive sa lives nila.

Robbin: Do you consider yourself being influenced by south Korean culture in some
ways, consciously and unconsciously? Why?

Yoona: Yes. Kunware ngayon di ako masyadong nakikinig ng OPM, mas more on K-Pop
ako kasi K-Pop fan ako. And instead na manonood ako ng Filipino drama tuwing gabi,
manonood na lang ako K-Drama kasi mas preferred ko siya compared sa Pilipino drama. And
dahil dun, parang mas naglelean ko towards south Korean culture.

Robbin: Per influence na binibigay nito. Para sa‘yo ba positive or negative?

Yoona: Para sa akin positive. Marami akong natututunan, Marami din nachachange para
sa akin. Eto pala tama, eto pala mali to. Mas nagiging sensitive ako not only to my culture but to
other culture as well.

Robbin: Do you think that the Korean culture has already been part of your country?

Yoona: Yes.

Robbin: Ano yung mga manifestation na nakikita mo?

Yoona: Yung mga teenagers ngayon, instead na makikinig sila ng OPM, instead na
manonood sila ng k-drama. Mas prefer nila ngayon yung SK culture and for example, sa mga
concerts. Yung mga concerts na nagboboom talaga yung mga kpop bands instead sa mga local
culture.

Robbin: So yung mga manifestation mo, pano mo sila pineperceived, is it or positive or

negative or parang neutral lang. Ano yung perception para sayo?

Yoona: Feeling ko negative. Instead na tayo nagkakaroon tayo ng Identity as a Filipino

through our arts, music, yung mga drama natin. Nababalewala kasi mas gusto ng mga
teenagers ngayon mas gusto yung SK music, Drama. Ganon.

Robbin: Having said that as an individual, can you see yourself being influenced by the
Korean culture for a very long time?
Yoona: Oo.

Robbin: Nacoconsider mo bang magvisit, pumunta or mag stay sa South Korea?

Yoona: Feeling ko kasi mag visit, pero di ako nagpaplan mag stay. Mas preferred ko
mag-stay dito if staying is the question.

Robbin: For the last question. If given the choice. Pipiliin mo bang maging Filipino or
mabago nationality mo bilang Korean.

Yoona: I‘ll stay as a Filipino pa rin,

Robbin: Why?

Yoona: First of all, feeling ko di ako makakapag adjust sa culture nila even if ganun ka
rich. And pangalawa yung values kasi na meron ako as a person is Filipino talaga.

Robbin: So then for you ano para sayo meaning ng pagiging isang Filipino?

Yoona: I think being a Filipino is being resilient. Alam mo pa rin na kahit gaano ka
kastress, kaselan ang buhay, you still know how to be positive. Alam mo pa rin na intact pa rin
values mo, even if after all the trials na naranasan mo.
SULI‟S TRANSCRIPT
HUMSS 12-5 | Female | 18 | Korean TV Drama Fan

Interviewer: Melo Mar Y. Cabello

Transcriber: Melo Mar Y. Cabello

Melo Mar: Good Afternoon, Ms. Suli. I am Melo Mar Cabello and I will interview you today. Our

study is all about "A comparative study of kdrama fans and non kdrama fans' perception on the

causation of watching kdrama to the patriotism of University of the East Caloocan Grade 12

HUMSS students." So, are you ready?

Suli: Yes, I am ready.

Melo Mar: The first question is, "How proud are you of being a Filipino and why?"

Suli: Uhm, proud po ako in a way na kasi diba ang Filipino kasi is matulungin lalo na

kapag ibang lahi yung ano, yung humihingi ng tulong.

Melo Mar: Okay, aside from those, what aspects of being a Filipino are you proud of?

Suli: Aspect?

Melo Mar: Saang aspeto ng pagiging Pilipino ka proud?

Suli: Uhm, sa pagiging matulungin nila. Sa pagiging matulungin natin.

Melo Mar: Okay. How do you express your pride as a Filipino?

Suli: Uhm, syempre of course sa mga products ng Filipino, uhm mostly ang binibili ko

kasi is made of, made in [the] Philippines. Hindi sa. Uhm, kung bibili man ako sa [products ng]

ibang bansa, konti lang. Pero mas more on talaga sa Pilipino.

Melo Mar: Okay, so sa unang tanong yung proud as a Filipino. Eto naman, "How proud are

you of the Philippines?"

Suli: Uhm, proud ako sa Philippines kasi diba, kapag ico-compare mo siya sa ibang

bansa, kumbaga alam natin na kapag Pilipinas nandoon na ang Hong Kong, nandoon na yung

ibang bansa. Kumbaga sa Pilipinas pinagsama-sama nalang nila ang magagandang tourist spots
sa ibang bansa.

Melo Mar: So aside what from those, mayroon pa bang ibang aspects ang Philippines na

proud ka?

Suli: Siguro yung traditions, culture at tsaka yung values.

Melo Mar: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?

Suli: Uhm, yung pride ko? Uhm. Syempre, first tinatangkilik ko kasi yung uhm, yung

mother tongue natin which is Filipino.

Melo Mar: Okay. So, uhm, how proud are you of the products made in the Philippines?

Suli: Siguro proud ako, 100% kasi yung quality nila is maganda talaga tsaka matibay.

Melo Mar: Okay. So, in terms of TV Drama naman, which do you prefer most, Korean TV

Drama or Filipino TV Drama and why?

Suli: Pagdating kasi diyan yung pipiliin ko is yung Korean, yung gawa ng Korea. Kasi

kapag Korea kasi unpredictable, not - unlike kasi, pag Philippines na kasi yung pinaguusapan,

predictable na kasi yung mga nangyayari eh. Puro mga kabit, tungkol sa pag-ibig, ganun.

Melo Mar: Okay, so how many Korean TV Drama do you watch in one month?

Suli: Siguro in one month, nakaka-lima ako.

Melo Mar: Kapag sa Filipino TV Drama naman, ilan napapanood mo in one month?

Suli: Siguro ano, dalawa lang. Dalawa lang.

Melo Mar: So, have you already bought or spent money on Korean TV Drama merchandise

related or showed in various Korean TV Drama?

Suli: Uhm, actually meron na 'kong nabili na gawa ng Korea pero konti lang siya.

Melo Mar: Okay, so how many times ka nang nakabili?

Suli: Nakabili ako siguro mga five times, ganun.

Melo Mar: Okay, so how much is the most expensive merchandise you have bought?

Suli: Siguro yung pinakamahal is yung 200 pesos siya.

Melo Mar: So would you also consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV Dramaand why?
Suli: Actually, sorry for the word, hindi ako bibili kasi alam mo yung binebenta kasing

merchandise ng mga TV Drama dito sa Pilipinas may mga mukha kasi ng artista. Parang ang

awkward kasi kapag bibilhin mo siya tas susuotin mo siya. (4:06)

Melo Mar: Okay, so. Does watching Korean TV Drama help you in understanding South

Korean culture?

Suli: Uhm, yes. Especially kasi yung pinapanood ko kasi is yung history nila. So na

tritrigger din ako na magresearch about sa tradition nila tsaka sa culture.

Melo Mar: Okay, so. In watching Korean TV Drama, does it give you a better picture and/or

perception of South Korea?

Suli: Uhm, oo kasi kunbaga yung cinematography kasi na pinagsho shootan kasi nila

ang ganda.

Melo Mar: Okay, does watching Korean TV Drama changes your perception of your own

country and how?

Suli: Uhm. Actually hindi naman nabago ang perspective ko about sa Pilipinas, ganun pa

rin siya.

Melo Mar: Okay, so. Do you think watching Filipino TV Drama naman gives a better picture

and/or perception of the Philippines?

Suli: Actually hindi e. Kasi kapag nanuod ka kasi ng drama ng Philippines, more on SPG

siya. Yun, kasi nagfo focus sila sa sexual, uhm. Ganun din sa pananakit kasi may mga pisikal,

ganun.

Melo Mar: What do you think is the difference between their culture and your local culture?

Suli: Ah yung culture?

Melo Mar: Kultura ng Philippines, anong pinagkaiba sa kultura ng South Korea? According sa

napapanood mo sa Korean Drama.

Suli: Uhm, kasi. Ah! Uhm, sa South Korea kasi pinapahalagahan parin nila yung ah yung

kapag patay na yung isang tao, araw araw silang nagdadasal doon. Compared sa Filipino na
tuwing November 2 lang nila naaalala yung mga mahal nila sa buhay na wala na.

Melo Mar: Okay, so. Do you think that your local culture is inferior or is it superior to the South

Korean culture?

Suli: Uhm, for me inferior. Kasi, mas maganda kasi ang nagiging culture ng South Korea.

Kasi, consistent kasi yung ano, yung culture nila. Kumbaga, oo nagbabago pero nandoon parin

kasi talaga yung, nadoon pa rin yung pinaka meaning nun.

Melo Mar: Okay, so you have said the positive aspects of South Korean culture. May nakikita

ka din bang, advantages naman, positive aspects naman Filipino culture over South Korean

culture?

Suli: Uhm, meron naman. Kasi kapag nanonood ka ng TV Drama ng Pilipinas talagang

binubuhay talaga nila yung realidad doon sa scenario doon sa gawa nila.

Melo Mar: Okay, so. Do you consider yourself as being influenced by South Korean culture in

some ways, consciously or unconsciously, and why?

Suli: Uhm, elaborate your questions please.

Melo Mar: Sa tingin mo ba naiimpluwensyahan ka na ng South Korean culture at yung

impluwensya ba na yun, consciously na naiimpluwensyahan ka or unconscious?

Suli: Uhm siguro, consciously nila akong naiimpluwensyahan.

Melo Mar: Can you give some manifestations of those influence?

Suli: Uhm kasi, pinapahalagahan ko rin. Uhm, kasi compared dati actually wala rin

naman talaga akong pakealam doon sa mga namatay na relatives namin, uhm. Until noong

napanood ko kasi yung Kdrama, uhm tas yun, uhm tawag dito? Mas nirerespeto ko na yung ano,

yung namatay na relatives namin.

Melo Mar: Okay, so how do you perceive these influence, is it positive or negative?

Suli: Positive, kasi, yun nga. HindiI ko na nakakalimutan kung sino yung mga nawala sa

amin. Kumabaga, nandito pa rin talaga sila sa amin.

Melo Mar: Okay, so. As a Filipino, do you see that the South Korean culture has already been
incorporated as part of your country? Yung, kasama na ba yung South korean culture, is it already

evident in the Philippines?

Suli: Magkakasama?

Melo Mar: Nakikita mo na ba yung manifestations ng South Korean culture sa bansa natin?

Suli: Uhm, yes. Kasi diba, maraming estudyante ang patuloy na nanunuod ng Kdrama.

So uhm, kung ano yung napapanood nila sa Kdrama naa apply na rin nila. Kahit ultimo yung

pananamit at products na ginagamit din ng mga artista doon.

Melo Mar: So how do you perceive these manifestations, are they positive or negative?

Suli: Well for me it is negative, kasi kumabaga hindi na rin natin pinahahalagahan ang

kultura na meron tayo.

Melo Mar: Having said that, as an individual, do you see yourself as being fully influenced by

South Korean culture for a long time?

Suli: No, kasi alam ko pa rin naman kung ano yung magandang naidulot sa aking ng

Pilipinas. Kasi dito ako nakatira so, hindi ko siya makakalimutan talaga.

Melo Mar: Uhm, okay. So since you said no, do you see other people, can you give some ah

other people as an example that you think they will be fully influenced by the South Korean culture

for a long time.

Suli: Specific name?

Melo Mar: Kung may kakilala ka lang.

Suli: Uhm, actually wala talaga akong kilala. Although meron akong nakikitang

naiimpluwensyahan sila sa sayaw, yung mga uhm, kpop group. Yung kaklase ko last year noong

Grade 10, si Andrea Baleta. Kasi , uhm pati pala yung kaklase ko noong grade 10 si Kim. Uhm,

ayun. Niimpluwensyahan sila sa pagme makeup tsaka sa pagdre dress ng kpop.

Melo Mar: So do you think in the future magiging fully influenced na sila ng South Korean

culture?

Suli: Uhm yes. Kasi ngayon pa nga lang grabe na yung pananamit nila, yung as in
katulad talaga. Sumasali rin sila sa mga contest pagdating sa mga Kpop dance. Eh, ano pa in the

near future?

Melo Mar: So do you think they will consider visiting or staying in South Korea?

Suli: Actually, sa tingin ko magi stay talaga sila doon kasi ayun nga, nandoon kasi yung

mga idol nila eh.

Melo Mar: How about you? Would you also consider staying in South Korea?

Suli: Uhm, no. Siguro kapag visit paguusapan natin, oo magvi visit ako. Pero magi stay

parin ako sa Philippines.

Melo Mar: Okay. So if you are given a choice, would you still want to be a Filipina or would you

rather change your nationality to be a South Korean?

Suli: Ah, mas gusto ko padin yung pagiging Filipina.

Melo Mar: Why?

Suli: Kasi nadun padin yung, nandun pa rin yung uhm. Kumbaga kasi, ang Pilipinas kasi

kilala sa - Ah, hindi lang parang. Kilala sila sa maganda yung kutis, syempre yung values nga, at

tsaka kapag Philippines na kasi ang paguusapan nandun yung kapag sinabi mong Filipina ka,

iisipin kaagad nila na talento ka, na talentado ka.

Melo Mar: Then for you, what do youyou think is the meaning of being a Filipino?

Suli: Being a Filipina is about loyalty. Loyalty about sa bansa mo na kahit anong

mangyari magi-stay at magi stay ka pa din dun kahit marami nang nangyayaring negatibo sa

bansa [mo].
MARIA‟S TRANSCRIPT
HUMSS 12-3 | Female | 18 | Non-Korean TV Drama Fan
Interviewer: Remar Paulo L. Panganiban
Transcriber: Remar Paulo L. Panganiban

Paulo: How proud are you of being a Filipino and why?

Maria: First, I am proud kasi hindi ako to the point na ano proud ako kasi para sa bayan
ko hindi. Una kasi yung mga tao dito sa Philippines alam naman natin na resilient tayo isa tayo
sa mga countries na lahat ng tao ay ano parang na-chart tayo bilang isa sa mga happy. Tapos
isa din tayo sa mga hospitable na mga tao ditto sa mundo.

Paulo: Having said that, which aspect of being a Filipino are you proud of? Like for
example ‗yun na nga yung sinabi mo na resilient tayo. What are the other manifestations na
proud ka sa pagiging Filipino?

Maria: Sa culture natin. Kasi ano sobrang rich ng culture natin na yung mga products or
yung mga films or ibang drama natin ay napapalabas din sa ibang bansa. Tapos yung mga
ibang kultura natin are characteristics nakilala tayo bilang mga Filipino.

Paulo: So as a Filipino, how do you express your pride as a citizen of this country?

Maria: Simple lang kasi ako hindi naman yung sa social media yung ipapangalandakan
ko na ―Ah Filipino ako kaya magpopost ako ng ganiyan bilang Filipino pride ganiyan‖ simple
lang na Gawain na parang sa ibang bansa kasi minsan nagkakaroon ako nang kausap na ibang
lahi or foreigners so ayun I tend to parang i-brag ―Ah, Filipino ako kasi ditto sa amin meron
ganiyan, dito sa amin meron ganito.‖ Yung ganun paraan.

Paulo: How proud are you of the Filipino values and norms?

Maria: Parang neutral lang. kasi meron characteristics or traits yung Filipinos na gusto
ko at mayroon din naman parang hindi na ―Yes tama pero para sa ibang tao ay hindi na tama‖
I‘m kinda neutral about it.

Paulo: So kanina ang finocused ng question natin ay being Filipino, so next question is
same question lang pero in a context of in the national level. How proud are you of the
Phillippines?

Maria: First, proud to the point na I tend to brag about my country. First of all kasi yung
mga sceneries dito sa Philippines sobrang. Like for example, yung Palawan, kasi yung Palawan
isa sa mga malinis na lugar ditto sa Philippines tapos yung katulad na sinabi ko kanina yung
mga tao. Sa country ko kasi parang iba yung level iba yung atmosphere kapag nandito ka sa
Pilipinas ganun.

Paulo: Yung mga sinabi mo na bragging matters ay positive or negative?

Maria: Positve. Always positive.

Paulo: Next question, how do you express your pride for the Philippines?

Maria: Pag use of social media but not on Facebook but rather on Twitter. Yung katulad
sa sinabi ko I always brag about my country, yung tipong kapag nababanggit yung Pilipinas as
ganito, as ganiyan. I always tend to think positive about it. Lagi kong sinasabi na parang
mapapatweet ka na yung Pilipinas ganito hindi kagaya ng iba. Yung parang ganun.

Paulo: How proud are you of the products that made from the Philippines?

Maria: Sobrang proud. Nasa kalidad kasi yan hindi naman sa. Of course lagi tayong nag
eexport ng goods katulad nalang ng mga dried mangoes tapos nakilala siya sa ibang bansa
kasi usually tatak natin mga Filipino ‗yun.

Paulo: In terms of TV drama, which you prefer to watch Korean TV drama or Filipino TV
drama and why?

Maria: I don‘t usually watch drama pero mostly kasi I am into movies. Minsan, mas ano
ako sa Filipino movies or Filipino drama.

Paulo: What are the qualities of Filipino drama that made you choose over the Korean
TV drama?

Maria: I have heard na critics na lagging sinasabi ang panget ng effects ng Filipino
ganito, ganiyan pero there is wala naman kasing mali na mag-try tayo or walang masasayang
kung mageeffort tayo pero kasi sa mga Filipino movies or drama lumalabas yung pagiging
Filipino natin. Lumalabas yung creativity natin na hindi lang tayo basta sa susunod na pareho
parehong serye.

Paulo: In average, how many Filipino TV drama or you said nalang a while ago na you
are much incline in movies. How many Filipino movies or TV drama that you can watch in a
specific month?

Maria: I think ano kasi eh walang time so mga 4 movies ganun.

Paulo: Anong pananaw sa mga Korean drama fans na super fan talaga na their always
spending their money buying K-drama merchandise, anong masasabi mo sa kanila?

Maria: I think okay lang pero parang dapat tangkilikin din yung atin. Hindi masama na
magkaroon tayo ng attention para sa ibang culture or ibang drama ganun. Pero parang support
nalang din kasi yung ibang nakikita ko or nababasa ko eh is parang binabashed nila yung
Filipino movies, Filipino songs nga din eh. Pero kasi kung susuportahan din atin iba pa din yung
magagawa nito.

Paulo: Would you consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV drama? Like for example,
Ang Probinsyano such as buying mugs, t-shirts or halimbawa sa Ika-6 na utos mga ganun.
Would you consider buying those things?

Maria: It depends kasi ako kasi yung tipo ng tao pala gastos kung hindi naman
kailangan kung ano ba siya sa cause kunwari kung i-dodonate nila sa charity. I am willing to
buy.

Paulo: Are you saying that it depends on the cause or sa pagiging dahilan nang
pagbenta nila ng merchandise?

Maria: Yes.

Paulo: So you are not after with the design? Like most of the Filipinos, they are always
reject the Filipino TV merchandise kasi corny. Hindi yun ang reason mo? You are more on the
cause?

Maria: Yes. It depends on the cause.

Paulo: Next one is do you think watching Korean TV drama help K-drama fans in
understanding South Korean‘s culture? In what ways?

Maria: I think yes. Parang if kunwari taong ganiyan they are be more open minded and
parang they can have knowledge about different countries such as Korea.

Paulo: Do you think watching Korean TV drama gives them better picture about the
perception of South Korea and how?

Maria: I think yes pero ano kasi marami akong mga kaibigan na nanonood ng K-drama
na lagi silang nagkukuwento kung paano nga ba yung pamumuhay sa South Korea so parang
naging ano kasi nila ‗yun eh, foundation or basis nila para kunwari ano, para matulungan yung
Philippines na ah kaliangan na maging ganito tayo na kailangan na magkaroon tayo ng disiplina
na para mas lalong maging umangat yung country natin.

Paulo: Do you think watching Korean TV drama change their perception to the
Philippines and how?

Maria: I think so. Kasi katulad yung sinabi ko, parang nagiging basis nila yung pero kasi
dapat hindi tayo maging sobrang incline doon sa thought na parang na doon lang tayo
nagfofocus sa Korean drama, sa South Korea. Maybe they should find a way na maging unique
tayo, out of the ordinary, out of the box na tayo naman yung gumawa nang paraan na tayo
naman ang tangkilikin ng South Korea, yung ganun.

Paulo: Do you think that watching Filipino TV drama gives you a better picture and/or
perception of the Philippines and how?

Maria: I think not, kasi usually yung mga palabas ngayon sobrang puro magulo na,
parang puro bad sides nalang ang nakikita natin. Parang mas maganda na i-try nila mag iba
naman ng plot na incline ‗to sa ganito, ganiyan. Mayroon din naman na drama sa Philippines na
maganda talaga.

Paulo: Do you think watching Filipino TV drama changes your perception of the
Philippines and how?

Maria: Yes, I think. Katulad nung sa mga variety shows, yung kay Willie Revilliame.
Doon nakikita natin yung mga tao, parang happy lang ganun. Parang chill lang ganun.

Paulo: What is the difference between your local culture and South Korean culture?

Maria: We‘re both rich naman in culture pero I can say naman na parang mas historical
yung atin. Marami pa tayong hindi nadidiskubre sa country natin. Katulad nalang nasa mga
Mountain Province, yung mga ganiyan. I think na hindi lang tayo sa level na ito, aangat tayo
kung malalaman natin ‗yun at gaganda kaysa sa ibang bansa. Yung ganun, yung culture natin.

Paulo: Do you think your culture is inferior if you are going to compare it with South
Korean‘s culture?

Maria: I don‘t think so kasi people just loved new things kaya lang yung sa atin sa
sobrang dami hindi pa natin na didiscover we feel inferior na ibang tao they love other culture.
Yung atin para hindi nila masyadong nasusuportahan.
Paulo: What are the possible advantages that your local culture has that their
culture does not have?

Maria: Katulad nga nung sinabi ko. ―We have more‖ we are still not in the depth of it.
Para wala pa tayo sa lalim noon. We have a lot to search and to find.

Paulo: Do you consider Korean TV drama fans as being influenced by South Korean
culture in some ways? Consciously or unconsciously and why?

Maria: I think yes katulad nga yung mga kaibigan ko lagging nagiging basis nila, at
some point, ang South Korean culture.

Paulo: Consciously? Is these consciously manifestations?

Maria: Usually talaga.

Paulo: Can you please give some examples na naiimpluwensyahan sila ng South
Korean culture?

Maria: Katulad nalang nung sa language, Kasi tayo yung sariling atin, yung Filipino,
yung Tagalog, hindi pa tayo, hindi pa natin masadong gamay, na hindi natin alam kung paano
gamitin ng maayos pero yung sa Korea, yung mga Korean phrases, usually lagging natin siyang
ginagamit and as millennial, lagi na siya nagiging language natin.

Paulo: How do you perceive these manifestations or influences, are they positive or
negative?

Maria: I don‘t think naman positive and negative. More on ano nga eh, I think neutral
lang din. On a positive note naman okay lang na maka-discover new things. Negative na parang
nakakalimutan mo na yung sarling atin.

Paulo: As a Filipino that the Korean culture has already been incorporated as part of
your country?

Maria: Yes, Kasi half, hindi naman half, siguro mga ¼ ng teenagers ngayon incline sa

Korean drama and Korean Pop.

Paulo: Having said that, what are the manifestations of this incorporation?

Maria: Yung sa fashion or sa music. Kapag naglalakad ka sa streets or kunwari sa

Divisoria. Lagi ka may nakikitang t-shirts na K-pop something, yung mga ganun.
Paulo: Just like my question a while ago, how do you perceive these manifestations are
they positive or negative?

Maria: Neutral lang din. Hindi ko naman pwedeng pigilan yung kagustuhan ng iba and
hindi naman tama yung parang, anong tawag ditto, yung parang gusto na yung atin lang, of
course, we need to discover new things.

Paulo: Having said that, as an observer, can you see the K-drama fans being fully
influenced by the Korean culture in the future?

Maria: I think so. Kasi parang lagi nalang natin parang we love new things, ew love
adventures, na parang ano nga na lagi nalang natin sila nagagawa as basis, parang ganun.

Paulo: Would they consider visiting, going, staying to South Korea?

Maria: Yes, kasi marami din ako kakilala na gustong pumunta sa South Korea, given
naman na sobrang elevated ng country nila.

Paulo: If given a choice, do you think the Korean drama fans would still want to be a
Filipino or would they rather choose their nationality to be a Korean?

Maria: I don‘t think so naman kasi kahit naman balik baliktarin natin yung buhay natin
we‘re still Filipino eh. Nabubuhay ka sa Pilipinas so therefore kahit na magkaroon ka ng ibang
influence ng ibang countries you still need to be a Filipino and I think hindi naman siguro
gagawin yung ng K-drama fans iyon.

Paulo: Pero in your own perspective, would you change your nationality?

Maria: No, I love being Filipino.

Paulo: Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being Filipino?

Maria: Being Filipino is being contented and being strong despite the grief in life. Uso sa
atin yung happy lang, yung chill lang tayo kahit na sobrang daming problems natin.
IMELDA‟S TRANSCRIPT
HUMSS 12-4 | Female | 17 | Non-Korean TV Drama Fan

Interviewer: Robbin L. Sarreal

Transcriber: Robbin L. Sarreal & Melo Mar Y. Cabello

Robbin: So good afternoon. Ang first question is how proud are you of being a Filipino
then why?

Imelda: Proud. Syempre proud kasi as a Filipino mahal ko yung sariling

kinalakihan ko. Ayun.

Robbin: Having said that, which aspects of being a Filipino are you proud of?

Imelda: Yung pagiging hospitable ng mga Filipino

Robbin: How do you express your pride as a Filipino?

Imelda: Po?

Robbin: How do you express your pride as a Filipino?

Imelda: Panong how do you express your pride po?

Robbin: Parang paano mo pinapakita yung pagkatuwa mo sa na Filipino ka?

Pinagmamalaki mo ba through social media? Mga ganun, yun.

Imelda: Uhm di naman ganun. Uhm basta pag for example lang yung, pag
nagpaflag ceremony I respect yung yon, hihinto tas mag mag mag mag ayon.

Robbin: How proud are you of the Philippines? Then why?

Imelda: Proud of because yung sa nature

Robbin: Having said that, which aspects of the Philippines are you proud of?

Imelda: Yung sa pagiging maganda ng Pilipinas ganun, pagiging hospitable ng

mga tao sa Pilipinas.

Robbin: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?

Imelda: Ayun yon, minsan nagpopost ako thru social media yung mga pictures ng
Philippines.

Robbin: In terms of TV drama, which do you prefer to watch? Korean TV Drama or

Filipino TV Drama? Then, why?

Imelda: Filipino TV Drama kasi ayun I love my own I love my own.

Robbin: In average, how many Filipino TV Drama do you watch in one month?

Imelda: In one month, siguro more than 100 plus na ganun.

Robbin: What is your perception on the Korean Drama fans who spend money on K-
Drama Merchandises?

Imelda: Ano, sayang yung pera.

Robbin: Bakit?

Imelda: Kasi kung ako kasi mas gusto kong sinasayang yung pera ko sa
makabuluhang bagay. Like food, ganun.

Robbin: Would you consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV Drama?

Imelda: Ah di naman kasi ako masyadong ganun uh mabili. Basta yun

pinapanood ko lang yung yung mga palabas ng Filipino TV Drama.

Robbin: Do you think that watching Korean TV Drama help Korean Drama Fans in
understanding South Korean Culture?

Imelda: Hmm maybe?

Robbin: In what ways?

Imelda: Ah kasi dun yon nalalaman nila yung mga pag-uugali ng mga Koryano sa
yung pag-uugali ng mga Koryano pag nanonood sila ng K-Drama

Robbin: Do you think watching Korean TV Drama gives them a better picture and/or
perception of South Korea?
Imelda: Hmmmm Yes

Robbin: How?

Imelda: Sa diba pag nanonood ng K-drama yun nga nandon napapakita yung
culture ng mga taga Korea tas pag uugali ng mga taga South Korea.

Robbin: Do you think watching Korean TV Drama changes their Perception of the
Philippines?

Imelda: Hmm maybe kasi parang kinocompare sa pagpapanood palang ng mga k

drama parang naco-compare na nung mga nanonood kung ano ang pag uugali ng mga taga
Korea sa mga taga Philippines

Robbin: How?

Imelda: Yun yong mga pag uugali nila nacocompare na nila

Robbin: Do you think watching Filipino TV Drama gives you a better picture and or
perception of the Philippines naman?

Imelda: Uhm yes kasi diba pag yun nga kagaya lang ng mga Kdrama, napapakita
yung mga ugali mga cultures, traditions and beliefs ng mga Filipino

Robbin: Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama changes your perception naman of
the Philippines?

Imelda: Uhm, yes?

Robbin: How?

Imelda: Again kuya [laughs]

Robbin: Diba. Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama changes your perception
naman of the Philippines? How? Sa paanong, yung Filipino TV Drama ba nababago ang
perception mo towards the Philippines?

Imelda: Uhm, siguro may part na nababago kasi diba may mga magandang
palabas na kagaya ng, ano tawag dun? Yung mga nagpapakita ng mga tourist spot ng Pilipinas
tapos mula doon napapakita ang kagandahan ng Pilipinas. Tapos merong iba naman na
nagpapakita ng, kunwari yung sa mga kabit ganun, nagiging negative ang tingin ko sa mga
Pilipino.

Robbin: What do you think is the difference between their culture to your local culture?

Imelda: Pakiulit ang tanong.

Robbin: What do you think is the difference between their culture to your local culture?

Imelda: Yung local culture ko?

Robbin: Oo, kung ano ang difference ng South Korean culture sa local culture mo.

Imelda: Yung culture ko kasi, yung Filipino culture, masasabi ko na mas okay siya
kesa sa Korea kasi ang Pilipino kasi hospitable, ganun. Unlike sa Korea. Hindi ko naman
sinasabi na hindi hospitable ang Korea, pero may part na ganun.

Robbin: Do you think that your local culture is inferior or superior to the South Korean
culture?

Imelda: Paanong inferior?:

Robbin: Uhm, inferior in many ways. Yung kultura mo ba ay inferior sa kultura nila or
superior sa kultura nila?

Imelda: Uhm, inferior, paaong inferior? Paki-explain.

Robbin: Uhm, inferior. Mababa. Mababa yung lebel, kesa sa kultura nila. Or mas mataas
ang lebel ng kultura mo kesa sa kanila?

Imelda: Syempre para sa akin mas mataas ang lebel ng kultura ko kesa sa
kultura nila kasi ayun, mas gusto ko yung Philippine culture

Robbin: What are the possible advantages that your local culture have that their culture
do not have?

Imelda: Hm, ayun. Pagiging mas ano tawag dun? Yung hospitable kuya.
Robbin: Next question. Do you consider Korean TV Drama fans as being influenced by
South Korean culture consciously man ‗to or unconsciously?

Imelda: Uhm yes.

Robbin: Why?

Imelda: Nai-impluwensyahan sila ng mga napapanood nila, yun without knowing

na naiimpluwensyahan sila.

Robbin: May mabibigay kang examples or situation? Can you give example situations na
nai-impluwensyahan ng South Korean culture yung mga Korean TV Drama fans, consciously or
unconsciously?

Imelda: Example nalang yung mga kakilala kong Kdrama fans na ayun,
nakikitang kong nagsasalita ng Korean language.

Robbin: How do you perceive this influence, positive ba siya or negative?

Imelda: Hm, okay lang naman. Positive kasi natutoto din sila ng ibang culture and
language ng iba‘t-ibang bansa.

Robbin: As a Filipino, do you see that the South Korean culture has already been
incorporated as part of your country?

Imelda: Again po?

Robbin: Bilang isang Pilipino, nakikita mo ba na naging parte na ng iyong bansa ang
South Korean culture?

Imelda: Uhm yes.

Robbin: Ano yung mga possible manifestations nila?

Imelda: Yung, ayun nga yung example ko kanina na yung ibang teenager
nagagaya na nila yung way ng parang pagre-respect, yung nagvo-vow sila, ganun.

Robbin: How do you perceive yung mga manifestation na ‗to?

Imelda: Uhm, positive naman po.

Robbin: Having said that, as an observer, bilang tumitingin ka lang sa paligid mo, sa mga
K-drama fan, sa buong Kdrama, buong Kpop, can you see them fully influenced by the Korean
culture in the future?

Imelda: Uhm yes.

Robbin: Do you think they would consider going/visiting/staying in South Korea?

Imelda: Yes. Sa in the near future siguro makikita ko yung mga fans na yyun,
pangarap nila makapunta ng Korea at makita nila ang mga idols nila dun.

Robbin: If given a choice, do you think that the Kdrama fans would still choose to be a
Filipino or would they rather choose to change their nationality to Korean?

Imelda: Ano po?

Robbin: Kung bibigyan ng choice, sa tingin mo ba yung mga Kdrama fans pipiliin nilang
maging Filipina or mas pipiliin nilang magchange into Korean?

Imelda: Para sa akin, ano. Mas gugustuhin nilang baguhin yung sarili nila, ayun
nationality nila as Korean.

Robbin: Why?

Imelda: Ayun nga, base doon sa nao-observe ko, nagbabago na yung

perceptions and beliefs nila towards Korean.

Robbin: Then for you, what is the meaning of being a Korean?

Imelda: Being a filipino? Parang ano, Uhm. Being, kasi ano. Ano? Pakiulit po?
Hindi ko ma-explain.

Robbin: Para sayo, dahil nasabi mo na gugustuhin nilang maging Korean, ano naman
para sa‘yo yung meaning ng pagiging Korean?

Imelda: Siguro yung pagiging in, yung pagiging new. Pagiging pasok sa trendy.

Robbin: Okay, good afternoon and thank you sa interview. Salamat.

PEDRO‟S TRANSCRIPT
HUMSS 12-1 | Male | 17 | Non Korean TV Drama Fan

Interviewer: Janna T. Santosidad

Transcriber: Janna T. Santosidad

Janna: So good morning Mr. Pedro, thank you very much for allowing us to interview

you.

Pedro: No problem, hello viewers.

Janna: I would like to ask, how close do you feel to the Philippines. "Feel close" is to be

understood as "emotionally attched" or "identified with".

Pedro: Tagalog ha.

Pedro: Yes, sure. Attached? Yes. Emotionally attached ako kasi yung mas pinapairal ko

talaga sa akin yung nationalistic side. Mas nakikita ko siya (nationalistic side). Nakikita ko 'yon

(nationalistic side) sa sarili ko. Ayon lang.

Janna: How proud are you of being a filipino and why?

Pedro: I am. I am very, very proud of being a filipino. Why? Because being a filipino is

an identity and why should I not be proud of my own identity, my own name, my own nationality

and so I am proud of being a filipino and after all being a filipino is not bad at all. It is good.

Janna: Which aspects of being a Filipino are ypu very proud of?

Pedro: Well I recognise filipinos as the most talented persons in the world and from

there very very proud talaga ako. Yes, totoo, totoo talaga na sobrang. Very talented ung mga

Filipino sa iba't ibang genre. In arts, in film nandyan tayo. In different competitions kahit mga

foreign ang nag heheld ng mga ganyan nan dyan ang mga filipino. Dun, dun ako napa-proud sa

pagiging Filipino and also totoo talaga na resilient tayo, tayong mga Filipino despite traffoc sa

EDSA, despite hardbroken issues, despite corruption sobrang resilient tayo kasi nan dito pa rin

tayo, nan dito pa rin tayo sa Pilipinas.

Janna: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?

Pedro: Well of course, as a student, sa pag aaral ko ng mabuti that's apart. Kasi I know

naman in the future I can contribute to my country, help to the economy. As a simple individual,

makakatulong ako kaysa pabayaan ko ang pag aaral ko and maging kargador lang ako sa

future, nakadagdag pa ako sa problema ng lipunan. So, that's how I celebrate my pride and also

by simply obeying regulations that's a pride because you acknowledge it as a fact that your

inspired of your constitution, Philippine constitution. So, I obey laws and also very particular ak9

sa paggamit ng wikang Filipino though ang english ako dito (interview) pero mas may interest

ako sa pagpapalawak ng kaalaman sa balarilang Pilipino kaysa sa English pero I can hamdle

both languages at tsaka last na lang na eexpress ko pa sa ano pagtangkilik ng local products,

local films, local whatever.

Janna: By saying that, how proud are you of the local products made in the Philippines?

Pedro: Mas proud ako sa atin kasi may Chinese. Ito yung nagparealize sakin na mas

maganda pa rin ung products natin among chinese products. So that made me realized na, uy

maswerte pala mas malilikhain ang mga Pilipino kaysa sa... At tsaka kung papansinin mo

unique ang products natin. Unique, kasi magiging proud ka kung pano ginawa nung mga tao

ung basura, well totoo ‗yon, talagang nagga-gather sila ng mga resources kasi sa

documentaries, I‘ve watched documentaries nagga-gather sila ng mga resources ‗yong mga

basura ganon. So, nakakaproud kasi creative and resourceful ‗yong mga gumagawa nga mga

products natin.

Janna: With that, does it mean to say that you love your country and why?

Pedro: Yes, I love my country kasi aside from myself my country is the reason kung

bakit ako nagpapakahirap dito sa loob ng school, kasi gusto ko‘ng maglingkod sa kapwa ko

Pilipino. Gusto kong makatulong sa economy natin in the near future. So, para san pa ang lahat

ng ito kung hindi lang para sa bansa ko. I love my country.

Janna: In that light, you have said that you express your love for your country by

studying well and obeying laws in the country, is your love for your country manifested through

your actions? How? Aside from studying well and obeying the laws, is there any other

manifestations that you love your country?

Pedro: Ang ano, ung nasabi ko na nga kanina, ung pagpapalawak sa wikang Filipino.

That‘s a manifestation of how I love Philippines and also ‗pag tangkilik sa local products as I

have said. Secondly, I respect my neighbors so di ba makakatulong ako sa iba kasi kailangan

ako ng kapwa ko Pilipino then why not? Sa mga beggars, alam naman natin na maraming

beggars sa kalye, Pilipino, so why not help them. So ayun ung part ko and another thing is

preserving our culture. That is an expression of love to my country. ‗Di ko kinakalimutan ang

history, ang culture, I respect radition is some points. Kaya ayun manifestations yun ng love.

Janna: In terms of TV drama, which do you prefer to watch, Korean TV drama or Filipino

TV Drama and why?

Pedro: Well, take note I love TV drama whatever it is. Kahit basta nasa loob ‗yan ng TV

screen manonood ako hanggang may oras ako and syempre to answer your question, Filipino

dramas talaga.

Janna: Why?

Pedro: Why? Kasi una palang, una mas naiintindhihan ko ‗yon in terms of language.

Pangalawa, nakaka-relate ako sa Filipino series. Pangatlo, syempre, bakit? Kasi gusto kong

maging film maker and gusto kong ma-feel ung feeling na tinatangkilik ng mga Pilipino ung

gawa ko and so I am doing it in my own ways. Kaya tangkilikin ko naman ‗tong mga TV series

na ‗to kasi Filipino ‗to eh.

Janna: What are the qualities of Filipino TV drama that made you choose it over Korean

TV drama?
Pedro: I choose it over Korean drama, qualities? Totoo, totoo sila sa totoong buhay.

Kung mapapansin mo kaunti lang ang TV series natin na fiction and ayun ang gusto ko. Gusto

ko ung ganong mga scenario na kakatukan ka sa ulo ng mga lines kasi ay totoo pala, tinamaan

ako. So the truthfulness of Filipino TV series ayun ung nakapagsabi sakin na kailngan ko ‗tong

tangkilikin and additional syempre fandom. Fan ako ng iba‘t ibang lalo na fan ako ng isang

Filipino network, fan ako ng mga Filipino artist sa network na ‗yon, kaya ayon tinatangkilik ko

talaga.

Janna: In a month, how many Filipino drama do you watch in an average?

Pedro: In an average, pagkauwi ko ng bahay nanonood ako, ganito kapag MWF start ng

7pm ko pag-uwi ko ng bahay hanggang alas dose, hanggang ala una, hanggang nasa sala ako

I don‘t bother finding another channel na kung anuman, Korean or American puro Filipino lang

ang nandyan sa screen.TTH mas lalo kung namamaximize ung time kasi from 1, 2 o‘clock up to

gabi walang patayan ng TV naming. Filipino series, Filipino series lang naman ung nandyan.

Janna: What is your perception on the Korean drama fans who spend money on Korean

drama merchandise?

Pedro: I am a Humanities and Social Science student so alam ko ‗yong

pinanggagalingan nila and tinuturo din ditto sa strand natin kung pano sila tatanggapin , kung

pano sila titingnan as a person. Well, I don‘t have problems sa kanila. Wla aakong problema,

pera nbila ‗yon, kaligayahan nila ‗yon, gawin nila ‗yon pero I have concerns sa mga gandan.

Mostly kapag mga joke time na kami lang ng mga kaibigan ko, nagsasabi sila ng mga ganito

ganitong Korean language chu chu chu ganyan or bumili sila ng merchandise or nanood sila ng

international film. Sasabihan ko, tutuksuhin ko agad sila; ayan nanood ng ganito pero hindi

nanood ng ganitong TV series, Filipino ‗yon. Mas inuuna pa ung panonood K-drama. So, ayon
dun ko lang tinitingna ung mga taong nanonood ng ano… pero I have no grudges sa kanila,

kasi bakit nga naman.

Janna: In return, would you consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV drama?

Pedro: Oo, lalo na ‗pag fan ako. Meron na ako, meron ako. Syempre kung fan ako, sabi

ko kung fan ako.

Janna: Do you think that watching Korean drama help K drama fans in understanding

South Korean culture? In what ways?

Pedro: Same way as, my case. Kung pano nakaktulong sakin ang Filipino Tv series sa

pagkilala ko sa bansa ko I‘m sure ganun din sa kanila. Na Kapag nanonood sila ng TV series ng

Korean na papanood nila ‗yon, naiintindihan nila ‗yon at ‗pag naiintindihan mo naman ‗yun…

Meron pa nga akong kilala na nagre-research pa talaga sila, ganto, ganto, hinahanap nila ‗yon.

So, nakaktulong talaga ‗yon, sa kanila ‗yon at tsaka nakikita ko sa kanila na inspired sila sa mga

ganong bagay so bakit mo iti-take away ‗yon sa kanila.

Janna: Do you think watching Korean TV dramachanges their perception on the

Philippines and how?

Pedro: Well, hindi s‘ya changes. Mali ‗yung word na ‗changes‘, for me, for me ha. Kasi

hindi naman talaga sila nagbabago, hindi naman nagbabago ung perception nila. Kung may

perception na sila sa utak nila tas nanood lang sila ng isang TV series isa, dalawa, o tatlong TV

series, maybe it will develop, it will enhance in such ways or negatively makakbaba siya pero

hindi siya totally change, hindi totlally changing point ‗yung mga ganong kaso.

Janna: Do you think that watching Filipino TV drams would give you a better picture or

perception on the Philippines and how?

Pedro: Yes, yes kasi TV, Television is a medium wherein nai-influence tayo nyan ng

mga pinapanood natin and so nakikilala ko ng ang Filipino don, ang Pilipinas doon specifically.

Like, I‘ve watch films recently ung tungkol nga sa Siargao oh ‗di nakatulong nga ‗yun sakin. TV

series, halimba ung sa LizQen ung Dolce Amore, well, makkatulong ‗yon sakin sa pagkilala sa

Baguio, sa Sagada kasi hindi naman ako lagging nakakapunta doon pero dahil sa TV series na

to na laman ko na, ay ganyan pala sila dyan. So, nainform na ako pero ito hindi naman ako

bobong tao na easily influence. Hindi porket pinalabas sa TV ay paniniwalaan ko na. Alam ko

naman na may fiction tayong tinatawag kaya hindi totally hindi siya 100% na nakaka-influence

sakin ung mga napapanood kong Filipino TV series kasi nag-iisip ako.

Janna: What do you think is the difference between South Korean culture and your local

culture?

Pedro: Difference? Marami kasi through the help of internet marami akong makikitang

mga clips at tsaka ung mga k-drama na nasa TV, iba talaga. Kasi sila, for me, nakikita ko at

nao-observe ko mas focus sila sa traditional, mga traditional na tema eh tayo more o realistic na

tayo, kung ano ung nangyayari nagyon ayun ung tayo pero sila nag-iistay sila nag-iistick sila sa

tradition nila, nire-retain nila ung past. Iba ung satin, totally different.

Janna: Do you think your local culture is inferior or superior to their culture?

Pedro: No, despite my love for my country, no. hindi tayo inferior over them.

Janna: Hindi rin tayo superior?

Pedro: Hindi rin tayo superior.

Janna: So, we‘rein the same page?

Pedro: No, it depends upon the perspective, kung pano ko ba titingnan, on what lense.

Kung tradition, mas maraming sumakop sa atin mas marami tayong na aquire na tradition, na

culture, mas mayaman tayo dun pero kung sa economic ay jusko mas mayaman sila friend.

Janna: What are the possible advantages that your local culture has that their culture

does not have?

Pedro: Innovative ung culture antin. Masyado tayong open to the point na tinatanggap

na natin lahat across countries. Tatanggapin natin ung mga fashion, so, advantage yon for me,

advantage yon kasi minsan wla atayo yong identity na nagging advantage natin over the years

kasi nga inaquire natin ung iba‘t ibang culture, so nagging diverse tayo, nakatulong ‗yon sa

culture natin unlike them na sila may defined South Korean culture talaga sila, bordered talaga

sila, may defined identity sila therefore… Tayo lumabas sa box .

Janna: So, what do you think is the advantage of going out of the box in terms of

culture?

Pedro: In terms of culture, well, diverse culture, ayon lang ‗yon. South Korean culture,

ang culture nila pure Korean. Korean takaga kasi ‗yon ung culture nila unlike us. Hindi ko

naman sinasabi nagi-imitate tayo pero ginagwa nating inspiration or peg halimbawa sa fashion.

Makatutulong ‗yon kasi nadedevelop non ung ano natin, ung culture antin.

Janna: Do you consider Korean TV drama fans as being influenced by the Korean

culture in some ways, consciously or unconsciously and why?

Pedro: As far as I‘ve observe, yes. Unang una sa actions nila, kapag nakapanood sila

nito ng ganitong ganap sa TV, sa youtube, gagayahin na nila ‗yan, so manifestation na ‗yon na

influenced sila, influenced with past tense. Pangalawa, meron talagang mga Pilipino na nagpu-

purchase ng mga merchandise eh bakit sila magpu-purchase kung hindi sila influenced,sa

ayun, influence yun. Pangatlo, nag-aaral ila ng Korean language, influence ‗yon.
Janna: Do you think that this influence is positive or negative?

Pedro: Depende kung saan naman nila gagamitin. Kung gagmitin nila un para kalimutan

ang sarili nilang identity, negative ‗yon pero kung gagamitin mo un as to develop yourself, well

positive. Positive tayo dyan ‗wag lang talagang kakalimutan ang sariling identity.

Janna: As a Filipino do you see Korean culture has already been incorporated as part of

your country?

Pedro: Yes, Eighteen percent na incorporated na ditto sa country natin.

Janna: Having said that, as an observer can you se K drama fans being fully influenced

by the Korean culture in the future?

Pedro: That‘s a hard question pero assumption ko na hindi, hindi fully.

Janna: Why not?

Pedro: Kasi they cannot afford to live a Korean life in our setting at tsaka maraming

mata sa Pilipinas, marami ng mata marami pang bibig, so kung ikaw kakaiba ka nagsuot ka lng

ng South Korean attire pupulaan ka na ng mga tao so hindi un maatim ng mga K-drama fans.

Janna: If given a choice do you think k drama fans would still want to be Filipino or would

they rather choose their nationality to be Korean?

Pedro: Honestly, I don‘t know. I don‘t know kung… Meron akong kaibigan na K drama

fan pero ‗di ko naman nakikita sa kanya na gusto niyang maging South Korean citizen..

Janna: What do you think is the meaning of being a Filipino?

Pedro: P***** I**. Wait, it‘s a hard question. Well, the meaning of being a Filipino is to

share. To share within your neighbors, either mankind, financial. To share your talent across

countries and across the globe

Janna: Thank you very much for your time.

Pedro: Well, no problem basta ung lunch ko ha.

LAURA‟S TRANSCRIPT
HUMSS 12-5 | Female | 19 | Non-Korean TV Drama Fan

Interviewer: Robbin L. Sarreal

Transcriber: Melo Mar Y. Cabello

Sarreal: Good afternoon Ms. Laura, I‘m just here to ask you a few questions regarding our

interview. So, the first question is, ―How proud are you of being a Filipino?‖

Laura: Uhm, proud ako sa pagiging Pinoy kasi uhm mas proud ako sa pagiging Pinoy

kasi sa iba ano sa ibang lahi kasi yung pagiging Pinoy mo is parang proud ka sa pagiging ikaw

mismo yung pagiging tao mo. So, I‘m proud to say that I‘m a Pinoy.

Sarreal: Having said that, which aspects of being a Filipino are you proud of?

Laura: Siguro yung pagiging resilience [resilient] ng mga Pilipino. Kasi tayo yung pinaka-

resilient sa mga, sa iba‘t-ibang bansa. Tayo yung ano, yung kahit may problema na masaya pa

din. So, proud ako na ganun tayo.

Sarreal: So, ngayon. How do you express your pride as a Filipino naman?

Laura: Uhm. As a Filipino, how do I express my pride? Wait lang, ulit tayo. Di ko

naintindihan ang tanong [laughs].

Sarreal: Uhm. How do you express your pride as a Filipino? Yung pride mo sa pagiging

Pilipino. Yung para sa paniniwala mo, yung belief mo na Pilipino, yung proud ka na Filipino ka.

Paano mo nai-express yun, na proud ka?

Laura: Uhm, siguro dahil ano, hindi ako masyadong tumatangkilik ng sa mga ibang

bansa na mga ano products nila o kahit yung mga shows nila hindi ko masyadong tinatangkilik.

Kasi, ano, more on OPM talaga ako, mga ganun.

Sarreal: Next questions is, ―How proud are you of the Philippines?‖

Laura: Ano, siguro masasabi ko na proud ako sa Philippines. Na yung mismong social

accounts ko Is makikita mo is pure Pinoy. Yung ano, yung sinasabi ko sa ibang tao.

Sarreal: Why naman? Why are you proud of the Philippines?

Laura: Kasi ano, para sa akin tayo yung bansa na super kakaiba. Kahit sabihin ng iba

na simple lang ang mga Pinoy. Para sa akin, tayo yung pinaka kakaiba kasi tayo yung talagang

nasa iba‘t-ibang bansa tayong mga Pinoy.

Sarreal: Having said that, which aspects of the Philippines are you proud of?

Laura: Yung mga ano nila, yung mga natural resources natin. Kasi syempre, tayo talaga

yung may pinaka kakaiba eh. Halos sa bawal pulo natin merong ano, merong iba‘t-ibang natural

resources na magaganda ka na makikita.

Sarreal: How do you express your pride for the Philippines naman?

Laura: Uhm, ano. More on ano ako. Sa thinking ko in the future mas gusto ko na

magtravel dito lang sa Pilipinas. Hindi katulad sa iba na gusto na mag-abroad. Kasi para sa

akin, mas masaya pa rin kapag dito ka sa Piilipinas mage-enjoy, ganun.

Sarreal: Next question is, ―In terms of TV Drama, which do you prefer to watch, Korean

TV Drama or Filipino TV Drama, then why?‖

Laura: Filipino TV Drama kasi uhm. Hindi talaga ako fan ng Korean. Although, sabi nila

maganda naman. Kaya lang, kasi mas nakaka-relate ako kapag Pinoy yung gumawa. Lalo na

mas naiintindihan ko kasi Pinoy yung language and kasi yung mga, tao syempre.
Sarreal: What aspects of Filipino TV Drama that made you choose it over Korean TV

Drama?

Laura: Sa qualities siguro, hindi ko masasabi na mas maganda yung sa atin e. Pero

ano, na chinoose ko kasi yung Filipino kasi sariling atin yun, kasi gawa natin yun. And as a

Filipino dapat proud ka na kaya naman natin pantayan kung ano yung kaya ng Korean, ganun.

Sarreal: In average, how many Filipino TV Drama do you watch in one month?

Laura: Actually, everyday ako nanunuod ng Filipino TV Drama [laughs]. Kasi halos

araw-araw din bukas yung TV.

Sarreal: Next question is, "What is your perception on Korean Drama fans who spend

money on purchasing Korean Drama merchandise?

Laura: Okay lang naman saken, kasi ano, uhm. Kasi may ano din naman ako, meron

din naman akong kinaaadikan and like them, naiintindihan ko din naman sila na dahil addict sila

sa mga ganung bagay, they spend a lot of uhm, kasi ayun yung nagpapasaya sa kanila. So

okay lang naman.

Sarreal: Would you consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV Drama?

Laura: Kapag gusto ko talaga yung artista, oo bibili ako. Pero kung ano, kung

magsasayang ka lang ng pera, na parang wala lang, bakit ka pa bibili?

Sarreal: Next question is, "Do you think that watching Korean TV Drama help Korean

Drama fans in understanding South Korean culture? If so, in what ways?

Laura: Yes, kasi sa bawat ano naman na Korean makikita mo yung culture nila. Nakikita

ko na nagagawa, minsan nagagaya na nila. So, nararanasan din nila yung pinaka ginagawa ng

mga Koreano sa bansa nila. Ganun.

Sarreal: Do you think that watching Korean TV Drama gives them a better picture and/or

perception of South Korea?

Laura: Siguro, kasi ano eh. As a Korean naman hindi ka naman maglalagay sa show

niyo na makakasira sa bansa niyo eh. So yung perception, perspective ng bawat Pinoy ay "Ay

ang ganda pala sa bansang 'to" kahit madaming part naman sa Korea na hindi naman

maganda.

Sarreal: Do you think that watching Korean TV Drama changes their perception of the

Philippines?

Laura: Feeling ko hindi naman, kasi ano. Pinoy ka, dito ka nakatira. So, hindi naman

magbabago ang tingin mo sa Pilipino. Parang ano lang, chini-change lang ang tingin nila sa

Korea pero hindi chini-change yung tingin nila sa Pinoy. Ganun.

Sarreal: Ah, next probing is, "Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama gives you a

better picture/perception of the Philippines?

Laura: Ah, yes and no. Yes kasi ano, napapakita niya yung norms, yung values natin.

Which is, yung ibang tao naiintindihan nila yung bawat Pinoy. No kasi sa Filipino Drama

makikita mo rin yung mali sa Pinoy eh. Parang mas pinapakita pa ng Pinoy yung mali nila which

is wrong. Kasi dapat sa mga shows na ganun mas pinapalawak pa yung kakayanan ng Pilipino

na hindi nila saten nagagawa.

Sarreal: Do you think that watching Filipino TV Drama changes your perception of the

Philippines?

Laura: Hindi naman kasi ano, eh. Siguro change in a better way. Kasi, pinapakita na

madalas na pinapakita yung mga bagong natural resources na makikita sa ibang bansa

napapakita ng mga ano natin, ng mga shows natin dito sa Pilipinas.

Sarreal: What do you think is the difference between South Korean culture to your local

culture?

Laura: Madami. Uhm, uhm tulad nalang siguro ng way nating ng pagkakain, yung way

natin ng pag respect sa mga tao. Madaming change pero, uhm, in some ways parang ganun

lang din yun kung ibabase mo sa bawat galaw natin.

Sarreal: Do you think your local culture is inferior or superior to their culture?

Laura: Hindi, kasi ano. Para saken, parang yung nangyayari naman ngayon ano eh, di

yung mga Pinoy kasi masyado silang ano, parang ang baba ng tingin nila sa sarili nila. So ang

local culture din natin ay bumababa din. Kasi nasa tao naman yan, sa kung ano ang tingin mo

sa sarili mo, ganun din ang mangyayari sa culture mo.

Sarreal: What are the possible advantages naman na meron ang local culture mo that

their culture does not have.

Laura: Para sa akin is our culture is more colorful than the others. Kumbaga, sa mga

Festivals palang natin makikita talaga yung pagiging masayahin ng isang Pinoy. Ganun.

Sarreal: Next question is, ―Do you consider Korean TV Drama fans as being influenced by

South Korean culture in some ways, consciously or unconsciously, namamalayan tas di

namamalayan? And why?

Laura: Uhm, naaapektuhan sila, para saken consciously. Kasi alam naman nila yun.

Kumbaga, symepre ikaw naman kung matino kang manunuod ng isang Korean TV Drama,

malalaman mo naman kung kalian mo na sila tinatangkilik, kung kalian ka na nagbabago sa

mga galaw mo.

Sarreal: Can you give any example or situation na na-impluwensyahan ng ng South

Korean culture yung Korean TV Drama fans.

Laura: Yung mga friends ko kasi mga Korean Drama fans, mga ano sila, mga fan

talaga. Tapos nakikita ko sila na mas gusto nilang kumakain nang naka chopsticks. Mas gusto

nila na ano, nakaupo na pang-Korean. Tapos yung mga food nila, hindi yung normal na pang

Pinoy food. Pag magyayayaan gusto nila sa Korean na iluluto mo pa yung mga meat mo,

ganun.

Sarreal: How can you perceive these na nakita mo sa mga friends mo, is it positive or

negative?

Laura: Uhm, negative. Kasi minsan nawawala yung pagiging gusto nila as a Pinoy.

Yung pagtatangkilik nila sa atin, sa sariling products natin. Parang kumbaga hindi nila

napapataas yung economic values ng mga Pinoy. Mas napapataas nila yung sa Korean pa.

Sarreal: As a Filipino, do you see that the Korean culture has already been incorporated

as part of your country?

Laura: Hindi.

Sarreal: Why not?

Laura: Kasi ano eh. Kasi meron pa naman tayong sariling culture na masasabi ating sa

atin lang talaga. Kumbaga, nalaman lang naman natin yung culture ng Korean, hindi naman

natin binago ang culture natin para sa Korean.

Sarreal: Having said that, bilang isang observer, can you see the Korean Drama fans be

fully influenced by the Korean culture in the future?

Laura: Pwede, pero pwede din naman hindi. Siguro sa iba, kasi yung iba gusto talaga

nilang ano eh. Gusto talaga nilang maging Korean by heart, ganun. Gusto talaga nila na doon

na sila titira, ganun. Pero may mga iba pa naman din na fan lang talaga sila, pero yung puso

nila Pinoy pa din.

Sarreal: If given a choice, do you think that Korean Drama fans would still want to be a

Filipino or would they rather choose to change their nationality to be a Korean?

Laura: Sa mga friends ko, alam ko na Filipino pa din pipiliin nila. Kasi sa Filipino mas

mararamdaman mo talaga yung pagmamahal ng tao and alam din naman. Siguro kung Korean

fan ka naman talaga and may alam ka sa Korean, alam mo yung mga ngyayaring war or

nangyayaring masama sa Korea. So why do you have to choose the Korean country between

the Philippines and Korean diba?

Sarreal: I see. Then for you, what do you think is the meaning of being a Filipino?

Laura: Uhm, being a Filipino is being what you are. Kasi ang mga Pilipino, para sa akin

ha, sila yung mga totoong tao talaga. And super, kumbaga sa iba‘t-ibang bansa kasi madami

kang makikitang Pinoy, na nagpapakahirap para sa ibang tao, na hindi naman nila kalahi. So

Filipino is ano, pinakamatulunging tao sa buong mundo, ganun.

Sarreal: Thank you for the interview. Maraming salamat!

BARTOLOME‟S TRANSCRIPT

HUMSS 12-1 | Male | 18 | Non-Korean TV Drama Fan

Interviewer: Joanne Mariel Palisoc

Transcriber: Joanne Mariel Palisoc

Mariel: Good morning Mr. Bartolome!

Bartolome: Hello, good morning!

Mariel: We‘re going to interview you. So the first question would be, how close do you
feel to the Philippines?

Bartolome: How close? How? What do you mean? How close na?

Mariel: The word, the term ‗feel close‘ is to be understood as ―emotionally attached to‖ or
―identifying with‖.

Bartolome: Oh my gosh! Ang hirap ng tanong niyo ah. Close, ah. Close lang? Walang level
ba?

Mariel: It depends on you.

Bartolome: Kung sa closeness, siguro, close lang kasi although proud na yung sa pagiging
proud, proud naman ako na Filipino pero may mga [bagay na] proud akong Pilipino ako kasi di
ba napakaraming mga factors na dapat ika-proud as a Filipino. Syempre napaka[resilient], yun
nga kanina sa test natin yung napakaresilient natin, napakadaming good attributes like yung sa
pag-accommodate sa mga bisita pero at some point, medyo hindi rin ako proud sa ating ibang
kultura gaya ng: yung pagiging masyadong pakilamera, masyadong madada at palaging may
memasabi lang sa mga issues. Yun lang, so close pa rin naman ako sa Philippines sa emotion.

Mariel: So having said that, you‘re a proud Filipino?

Bartolome: Oo, proud naman ako.

Mariel: So how do you express your pride as a Filipino?

Bartolome: Express my pride? Ano ba? Hindi kasi ako masyadong ano [expressive]. Hindi
kasi ako masyadong expressive pagdating sa mga ganyan. Bale more on ano lang, eto na yon,
parang ganon lang. Kung ano ako, oh sige Pilipino ako pero hindi ako yung nagpopost pa sa
internet, nagpopost pa sa ano [kung saan saan]. Sige, Filipino ako eh di I will act na
responsible, I will act na susunod sa mga batas, ganon na lang. Dun ko na lang ipapakita yung
pagiging proud ko as Filipino, hindi na ko magpopost sa kung saan saan man.

Mariel: So how proud of you, how proud are you of the Philippines and why?

Bartolome: How proud? Very proud. Ay hindi pala. Medyo half nanaman, ganon nanaman
eh. Kasi gaya nga ng sinabi ko kanina, maraming dapat ika-proud, marami ring dapat hindi
naman ika-proud. Di ba yun na yung sinagot ko kanina?

Mariel: Having said that, which aspects of the Philippines are you proud of?

Bartolome: I‘m proud sa mga natural resources natin, sa mga wonders of the world, sa
pagiging hospitable ng mga Pilipino, sa mga positive traits ng Filipinos like hospitability tapos
yung pagiging generous tapos, at saka yun nga, yung madali tayong maka-adapt sa mga
pagbabago sa lipunan. Ayun lang ba? Yung proud lang ba? O yung hindi?

Mariel: How do you express your pride for the Philippines?

Bartolome: Kung dahil don? Gaya rin lang ng sinabi ko kanina, hindi talaga ako expressive
sa ano, sa pagpapakita na Pilipino ako. Ah sige, Pilipino ako. Pilipino ako. Basta ang mahalaga
lang sa‘kin is sa, ang dream ko lang kasi parang para lang mapakita yung pride ko sa
Philippines sana someday mai-represent ko man lang ang Philippines sa mga international,
international events para naman dun, yun na lang siguro yung isa sa mga pinakamalaking
magagawa ko na ipapakita ko yung pride ko sa Philippines. At some [example], at isa rin pala
yung pagsuporta ko sa mga ano [contestants/candidates], yung mga eh di ba marami tayong
mga contestants sa mga, mga international competition, yung pagsuporta lang sa kanila. Simply
i-lalike yung mga post, ganon lang. Yun, ganon lang.

Mariel: Since you‘re a Filipino, how proud are of you of the products made in the
Philippines?

Bartolome: Products? Proud ako kasi di ba magaling tayo, magaling ang mga Pilipino sa
pagcraft, sa mga crafts at nakikilala na rin yung mga Filipino crafts even sa ibang bansa gaya
nung sa pineapple na textile. Di ba ineexport pa po yun sa [ibang bansa], ineexport pa yun sa
ibang bansa tapos yung sa Marikina shoe products. Nakikilala rin yun sa ibang bansa. Tapos
ang kulang lang siguro dun is di natin masyadong napopromote yung products na yun kaya
hindi siya masyadong nakikilala.
Mariel: Do you see yourself—ay, do you consider yourself as someone who loves their
country?

Bartolome: Oo.

Mariel: Why?

Bartolome: I consider myself as someone who loves its country kasi I am doing my duties as
a Filipino, na hindi ako nagiging pasaway sa mga [batas]. Kung may inimpose na batas, siguro
hindi ako naging pasaway sa mga [batas na yun], sa paglabag nito at saka tumatangkilik din
ako ng mga products ng Filipinos like yun, mga [kakanin], alam niyo yun di ba kilala tayo sa
mga kakanin. Mahilig din ako sa mga kakanin. Mga ganon at saka syempre mura din kasi ang
Filipino products, sa Bench, sa Penshoppe. Ganon di ba? ade in the Philippines yun. Mas mura
lang yun sa ‗tin. Sa pamamgitan lang don, maipapakita natin na proud tayo as Filipinos.

Mariel: So in terms of TV drama, which do you prefer to watch? Korean TV drama or

Filipino TV drama? And why?

Bartolome: Ano, in terms kung sa excitement, in terms sa excitement kasi, mas maganda
yung sa Korean drama kasi di ba parang hindi nakakaumay. Parang kasi nanonood din ako
minsan tas hindi nakakaumay parang ay alam mo na yung mangyayari agad na, ay hindi mo pa
alam yung mangyayari kaaagad parang for example sa love teams nila, parang nakakakilig
ganon pero sa Filipino drama medyo cliché na kasi yung mga nangyayari. Alam mo na kasi
yung mga [mangyayari], alam mo na yung magaganap. For example, kapag ganito yung scene,
ay alam mo, ay siguro mamatay si ganon. May guess ka na agad. Tapos sa actors din medyo
nakakaumay kapag may, pag siguro masyadong malandi. Ganon yung sa Filipino.

Melo: Pero ano, mako-consider mo yung sarili mo na fan ng Korean drama?

Bartolome: Ay hindi. Hindi ako masyadong ano [fan] eh. Wala talaga akong [pinapatronize].
Hindi talaga ako nagpapatronage ng kahit ano, kahit Korean drama, Filipino. Kung ano ano
lang. Kung ano lang. Kung ano yung [mayroon], kung ano lang yung mapanood ko okay eh di
yun na yon. Basta hindi yung kailangan kong mapanood yung Harry Potter, kailangan kong
mapanood yung ganito.

Mariel: So since sinabi mo na yung mga pinapatronage mo hindi fixed, parang hindi
focused sa isang TV drama, ano yung qualities na hinahanap mo sa mga TV drama na
nagpupush sa‘yo para panoorin mo yon?
Bartolome: Ah sa TV? Ah kailangan exciting. Dapat may mga twist. Kailangan hindi yung,
hindi na gaya ng nakasanayan. Hindi yung tawag dito, hindi yung [nakakaumay] kasi di ba dati
kasi nung bata kasi ako palagi kasi kaming nanonood sa‘min ng alam niyo yung mga Filipino
action movies na alam mo na yung mangyayari, na may baril-barilan tapos sa last kasi, sa last
darating yung alam mo na [pulis]. Siguro mahuhuli yung mga pulis, ganon. Alam mo na agad.
Kaya yung gusto ko sa mga drama, yung ano, yung may plot twist. Ganon, parang pa-iba iba.

Mariel: So in average, how many Korean TV drama do you watch in one month, if you
did watch?

Bartolome: Ay matagal na kong di nanonood eh. Nung ano pa yon.

Mariel: So how about for Filipino TV drama? How many times do you watch Filipino TV
drama in one month?

Bartolome: Wala rin kaming TV kaya sa YouTube lang, pwede ba yon?

Mariel: It‘s okay.

Bartolome: Ah ano yon? Ano tanong?

Mariel: Filipino TV drama, how [frequent], the average time? Or frequency?

Bartolome: Nanonood lang ako pag mga Sabado sa ano, sa Wildflower. Ganon lang
pinapanood ko. Oo, Wildflower. Mga one hour, mga ganon lang per [weekend]. Ay hindi rin one
hour eh. Hindi umaabot sa one hour. Para ngang 30 minutes lang per Saturday.

Mariel: Mostly on weekends?

Bartolome: Oo. Saturday or Sunday, ganon.

Mariel: So what is your perception on the Korean drama fans who spend money on K-
drama merchandise?

Bartolome: Sobrang ano [nagsasayang/di praktikal]. Feeling ko hindi naman sa ano pero
talagang nagsasayang ng ano, pera, parang ganon. Kasi ako kasi yung tao na kailangang i-allot
ko yung pera sa sobrang importanteng bagay pero siguro sa, para sa kanila sobrang importante
nun. Pero para sa‘kin kasi ano naman ngayon kung may picture ka ni ganito? Ano naman
ngayon kung meron kang album ni ganito? Ba‘t di mo na lang i-download? Parang ako kasi is
more on practicality. Oh eh ba‘t di ka na lang magprint ng picture ni ganito? Instead na bumili ka
sa ano, sa mas mahal.
Mariel: So would you consider buying merchandise of Filipino TV drama?

Bartolome: Ay hindi rin.

Mariel: Why?

Bartolome: Bakit pa? Sabi ko nga kanina, practicality. Magpiprint na lang ako, magpiprint na
lang ako ng mga picture nila if ever. Sabi ko nga hindi ako fan ng kahit anong, kahit anong, kahit
artista, kahit drama. Hindi ako fan. Bale kung ano lang yung nai-surf ay sige papanoorin ko.
Kung ano yung nandiyan na tao, sige eh di ikaw. Pero hindi ko sasayangin yung pera ko para
lang bumili ng mga merchandise ng mga Pilipino.

Mariel: So do you think that watching Korean TV drama help K-drama fans in
understanding South Korean culture?

Bartolome: Ah yung kung nanonood sila? Ano, ulit nga?

Mariel: Do you think that watching Korean TV drama help K-drama fans in
understanding the Korean---the South Korean culture? If yes, in what ways?

Bartolome: In what ways? Gaya nga ng mga [palabas], di ba marami rin kasing na-aacquire
na mga qualities kapag ano [nanonood]. Gaya nung simpleng, wait lang. Kung paano?

Mariel: If they understand the South Korean culture, if watching Korean drama.

Bartolome: Ah oo di ba may mga drama kasi na ano, may mga theme na gaya nung sa,
yung mga Hwarang. Ganon ganon.

Mariel: Historical?

Bartolome: Oo. May mga historical na, historical na movies kasi regarding sa Korean drama
di ba. So siguro nakukuha nila na ganito pala yung kultura for example yung sa Goblin, ganon
ganon. May concept sila ng reincarnation. Hindi nga talaga ako nanonood, nang-aano lang ako.

Mariel: Commercial lang?

Bartolome: Oo, commercial lang ako nagvi-view.

Mariel: Do you think watching Korean drama gives them a better picture or perception of
South Korea?

Bartolome: Oo kasi di ba ang pina[pakita], halos ang lahat ng pinoportray ng mga Korean
drama I suppose is gwapong artista, magandang [attributes], basta magandang, parang yung
ideal, palaging ideal, kaya parang ‗tong mga Filipinas tuloy parang mga kpoppers ay hala ang
ganda pala sa Korea. Parang ang gwapo ni ganito. Ay kailangang makapunta na ko sa Korea
kasi ang gaganda ng pamamalakad, ang gaganda ng mga artista, chu chu chu, ganon.

Mariel: Do do you think watching Korean TV drama changes their perception of the
Philippines?

Bartolome: Ah oo. Ako nga hindi ako masyadong nanonood ng TV drama pero ganon din
yung nafi-feel ko na parang nagiging elitista ka. Parang kinocompare mo, bakit yung si ganito
kapag nagkikiss si, yung mga Korean actor, parang diba rare lang kasi. Kapag nagkikiss sila,
kinikilig. Pero sa Filipino drama, mauumay ka. May mga [comparison], basta siguro nagiging
elitista ka na. Yung South Korean TV drama yung nagiging standard mo na diba palagi kasing
bitin yung sa last. Mga ganon, halos ganon.

Mariel: So, meaning to say, that culture changed your perception of the Philippines?

Bartolome: Oo.

Mariel: What do you think is the difference between the South Korean culture to your
culture?

Bartolome: South Korean? Honestly…

Mariel: Anything related, to music? To fashion?

Bartolome: Oo. Ah sa fashion?

Mariel: Anything related.

Bartolome: Ah sa Fashion siguro, sila mas open sila sa fashion. Tignan mo naman yung
mga pananamit nila. Parang more na, mas na-Westernized yung pananamit nila kaysa sa mga
dito sa Pilipinas. Kasi ikaw magdamit ng ganun dito baka sabihing baliw ka. Kung artista ka,
pwede ka pang magdamit ng ganun pero kapag normal na tao ka na magdadamit ng yung
parang pang fashion show, parang ay ano ba yan, parang katawa-tawa ka dito sa Pilipinas
kapag ganon. Tapos ano, anong aspeto pa?

Mariel: Anything na maisip mo.

Bartolome: Wala na kong maisip eh. Di talaga ako nanonood. Hindi.

Mariel: So proceed na lang [sa next question]? So do you think your local culture is
inferior or superior to their culture?
Bartolome: Ngayon? Sa na-observe ko parang ano [inferior], parang patuloy na kasi nating
niyayakap yung ano eh, yung South Korean ano [culture] eh sa mga [iba‘t ibang bagay]. Oo. Di
ba ang dami na ngayong TV drama na inaano [pinapalabas] pati sa Abscbn at GMA, ang
daming TV drama don. Tapos music din. Parang feeling ko nagiging inferior tayo at some point
kasi napakadaming fans na nag-aadvocate ng, na i-support yung ganito. Kasi diba ang daming
[nakakaattract na] factors kasi na [kagaya ng] ang gwapo nung isa, ganon ganon.

Mariel: So what are the possible advantages that your local culture has that their culture
does not have?

Bartolome: Advantages?

Mariel: Of your local culture.

Bartolome: Ah dito sa Pilipinas?

Mariel: Oo. Compared to South Korean culture.

Bartolome: Pwede bang wala? Ayaw na mag-isip. Ang advantages natin, siguro mas ano
tayo. Mas maaksyon. Di ba halos dito kasi sa‘tin, pwede ba sa TV drama? Di ba more ang
kultura kasi natin, mahilig tayo sa aksyon. Ganon. So yun siguro ang naging advantage natin
kasi dun sa ibang, sa kanila is more on love story, more on ano [romance]. Sa‘tin naman more
on aksyon, naging advantage natin yun kasi maraming Pilipino ang tumatangkilik sa action
movies.

Mariel: So do you consider Korean TV drama fans as being influenced by the South
Korean culture in some ways consciously or unconsciously?

Bartolome: Oo. Palagi naman. Gaya na lang ng observation ko rito sa room. Sina Calafachi,
sina, yung mga kpoppers dito na may tumugtog lang na k-pop music, sobrang sayaw sayaw na.
Bale hindi naman ganon yung original na pananayaw natin di ba pero dahil palagi silang
nanonood, palagi silang nakikinig ng music na yun, eh di na-acquire nila yung kultura na ay
kailangang ganito sumayaw. Kasi diba napakasynchronized kasi nila sumayaw kapag mga [K-
pop groups].

Mariel: So how do you perceive this influence? Is it positive or negative?

Bartolome: Positive naman kasi syempre maiimprove mo yung sayaw sayaw mo. Yung
dancing skills mo. Pero at some point, ang point ko lang naman kinilala mo na yung kultura ng
ibang bansa, kilala mo ba yung kultura natin? Parang ganon. Alam mong sumayaw ng Korean,
alam mo bang sumayaw ng pangFilipino? Ganon. Parang at some point, ano rin yun, down part
din yun. Parang downside ng pagiging masyadong fan ng K-drama, ay [pagiging fan] ng kahit
anong [tinantangkilik mong ibang kultura].

Mariel: So as an observer, do you see that South Korean culture has already been
incorporated in the K-drama fans?

Bartolome: [Oo].

Mariel: What are its manifestations?

Bartolome: Mga ano, parang feeling nila palagi yung story nila parang ano na tuloy, parang
ideal. Parang palagi na lang silang naghahanap ng siguro, feeling ko lang naman ha, ng ideal
na yung gwapong lalaki, na magandang babae, feeling ko lang naman ganon. Pero wala lang
akong ebidensya. Pero feeling ko parang palagi na lang silang maghahanap ng ideal kasi sa
mga napapanood nilang Korean drama, napakaideal ng mga love story.

Mariel: And as a Filipino, do you see that the South Korean culture has already been
incporated as part of your country?

Bartolome: Oo naman kasi the mere fact na inaccept din ng mga Filipino, ng mga networks
sa Philippines yung mga K-drama, eh isa na yung manifestation na inaccept na ng Philippines
ang Korean drama.

Mariel: So how do you perceive this manifestation? Are they [is it] positive or negative?

Bartolome: Okay lang naman, positive naman. Okay lang din naman kasi syempre hindi
naman pwedeng ma-confine lang tayo sa isang ano, sa isang way ng kung ano lang ang [alam
natin]. Syempre kapag Filipino, hindi naman pwedeng ma-confine na lang tayo don sa Filipino
way ng pagproduce ng drama. Kailangan din natin ng incorporation, iincorporate yung iba‘t
ibang kultura para mas maging richer, mas maging mayaman pa yung ating kultura rin.

Mariel: Having said that, as an observer, can you see that the Korean, Korean drama
fans would be influenced, would be fully influenced by the Korean culture in the future?

Bartolome: In the future?

Mariel: [Possibility of them] being fully influenced.

Bartolome: Fully influenced? Ay hindi naman siguro kasi syempre meron pa rin yung sense
siguro na [pagiging Filipino]. Sabi ko nga, hindi kasi ako ano [fan] di ba. Hindi naman siguro kasi
even though tinatangkilik mo yung isang bagay, hindi ka naman siguro magpapakafully na i-
dedevote mo na lahat yung kultura mo para don sa ano [ibang kultura].

Mariel: If given a choice, do you think that the Korean drama fans would still want to be a
Filipino or would they rather choose to change their nationality to be a Korean?

Bartolome: Ay ewan ko sa kanila. Siguro they would, hindi naman siguro, hindi naman siguro
sila magchechange ng nationality para lang sa ano [Korean idols nila]. Siguro sapat na sa kanila
maging fan lang. Wag nang maging Korean.

Mariel: So with that, what do you think is the meaning of being a Filipino?

Bartolome: Being a Filipino is being—it‘s about resiliency. It‘s about being welcoming to
visitors. It‘s about being generous. Yun lang. Kasi di ba dun tayo kilala at saka kilala rin tayo sa
pagiging matatag so that is I think the, I can define the, being [a] Filipino, by those distinction[s].

Mariel: So thank you Mr. Bartolome.