ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ENGINEERING LAB

DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS III 2 hours

Dr. JAFAAR FAHAD A.RIDA

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Experiment No. 2

Experiment Name: Full wave rectifiers with and without filters

Object: To observe the output voltage waveform for full wave rectifier circuits with & without
filter 1) Full wave rectifier uses center tapped

2) Full wave rectifier uses bridge rectifier

Objectives: The student will be able to do the following:

1) Learn how to connect full wave rectifier circuits both center tap and bridge rectifier.
2) They are study D.C power supply circuit & checked the output voltage with and without
capacitor.
3) They observe output pure d.c voltage with used capacitor associated smoothing filters

Apparatus (Materials):

1) Power supply A.C voltage 60Hz, 12 V.

2) Diode 1BH62 (2) or 4 IN4001, Capacitor 100uf (polarity), Load Resistor 10kΩ.
3) Bread Board connection to fix all components circuit.
4) Transform consists of center tap and other without center tap for bridge.
5) Oscilloscope to check and see waveforms for voltage output.
6) Jumper wires to contact each other.
Theory

A rectifier is an electronic circuit that converts AC voltage to DC voltage. It can be

implemented using a capacitor diode combination. The unique property of diodes, permitting the
current to flow in a single direction is utilized in here. There are two types of full wave rectifier
circuits first used center tap and second used bridge. The ways to reduce the ripple or voltage
variations on a direct DC voltage by connecting capacitors across the load resistance. One
method to improve on this is to use every half-cycle of the input voltage instead of every other
half-cycle waveform. The circuit which allows us to do this is called a Full Wave Rectifier.

1) Full wave rectifier ( Center tap)

A center-tapped rectifier is a type of full-wave rectifier that uses two diodes connected to the
secondary of a center-tapped transformer .The input voltage is coupled through the transformer
to the center-tapped secondary. Half of the total secondary voltage appears between the center
tap and each end of the secondary winding. This condition forward-biases diode D1 and reverse-
biases diode D2. The current path is through D1 and the load resistor RL, as indicated. For a
negative half-cycle of the input voltage, this condition reverse-biases D1 and forward-biases D2.
The current path is through D2 and RL, as indicated. Because the output current during both the
positive and negative portions of the input cycle is in the same direction through the load, the
output voltage developed across the load resistor is a full-wave rectified dc voltage.
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2) Full wave rectifier (Bridge)

The bridge rectifier uses four diodes connected, when the input cycle is positive as in part (a),
diodes D1 and D2 are forward-biased and conduct current in the direction shown. A voltage is
developed across RL that looks like the positive half of the input cycle. During this time, diodes
D3 and D4 are reverse-biased. When the input cycle is negative diodes D3 and D4 are forward
biased and conduct current in the same direction through RL as during the positive half-cycle.
During the negative half-cycle, D1 and D2 are reverse-biased. The smoothing capacitor converts
the full-wave rippled output of the rectifier into a smooth DC output voltage. Generally for DC
power supply circuits the smoothing capacitor is an Aluminum Electrolytic type that has a
capacitance value of 100uF or more with repeated DC voltage pulses from the rectifier charging
up the capacitor to peak voltage.

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Ripple Factor The ripple factor (r) is an indication of the effectiveness of the filter and
is defined as

The ripple factor can be lowered by increasing the value of the filter capacitor or increasing the
load resistance.

( )

The variable Vp(rect) is the unfiltered peak rectified voltage. Notice that if RL or C increases, the
ripple voltage decreases and the dc voltage increases.
Procedures
1) Connections all electronic diode circuits as full wave circuits as center tap and bridge,
Capacitor, and Resistor on bread board.
2) The power supply A.C connects to input full wave circuit.
3) Take result output voltage without & with capacitor on connect with oscilloscope on load
resistor.
4) Draw all waveforms input voltage and output voltage without &with capacitor.
5) Determine voltage and the time for output voltage.

Result

Precaution
1) All electronic components should be checked before use the apparatus..
2) All connections should be checked.
3) Always connect GROUND first & then Vcc.
4) After completing the experiment switch off the supply to apparatus.

Pre-Experimental Questions
1) Discussion practical result obtains full wave circuits as center tap and bridge?
2) Compare between theoretical and practical result?
3) What are advantages and disadvantages for center tap and bridge?
4) What is difference between half wave and full wave circuits?
5) What is ripple factor?
6) What is happen when increase or decrease capacitor value?