AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES

NANOTECHNOLOGY II SPECIAL FOCUS ON NANO IN SAVING AND IMPROVING LIVES, NANO IN EDUCATION, AND ITS GLOBAL COMMERCIALISATION

5 July 2006

SAVING LIVES SETTING THE STANDARDS… COMMERCIALISATION

Darrell Brookstein from www.nanotechnology.com …And addressing the risks. This is a MANCEF is
discusses five ways nano is saving revolutionary technology and new dedicated to
lives , from faster more accurate standards must be set and possible supporting
medical diagnosis, to better risks addressed in order that the global
protection from infec- nanotechnology achieves safe creation,
tion and more power- passage into the main- exchange and dissemination of
ful antibiotics. stream. knowledge vital to people, organisa-
p6 p14-15 tions and governments interested in
the commercialisation and education
of miniaturisation technologies
p8

LORD SAINSBURY
Nanotechnologies
have the potential to
deliver enormous
benefits to society
in terms of wealth
creation and the
achievement of
our social goals,
writes Lord Sainsbury.
p9

WELSH WIZARDS
In Wales, the
success of
products using
nanoscale
functions – and
their transition to volume manufacture
– will be a key component of future
R&D and manufacturing capability.
p11

PANEL OF EXPERTS
Experts in nanotechnology from
around the world discuss the realities
and possibilities of this technology,
and the impact it will have on both
the developed and developing worlds.
p20-21

(NA)NO IDEA
Mediaplanet and Paul
Ettinger introduce nano-
technology to the public.
Nanotechnology needs a
media partner to bridge
the gulf between the technology, its
implications and the general public.
Nanotechnology touches us every day in just about everything we do p23

HARNESSING NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE POOR Page 21 

Europe's nanotechnology magazine

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industry and investment news is offering Times readers these fantastic launch offers:-
• 1year’s subscription (10 issues) for £34.50 Call 0845 130 7688
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Terms and conditions apply see
personally inscribed copy of the book ‘Engines of Creation, The coming era of nanotechnology’ by K. Eric Drexler. www.insidenanotech.com/timesoffer for details

For more topics in-depth, please visit www.mediaplanetonline.com

2 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES
Welcome to Nanotechnology II
Nanotechnology impacts our
everyday lives. For example, mod-
ern computers rely on the technol-
ogy to function. Imagine the world
without computers – everything
from transport to commerce would
literally grind to a halt.
The application of the technology is wide-
ranging and increasing at a rapid pace. It
touches us every day in just about everything
we do. Every time we use a mobile phone, digi-
tal camera or mp3 player we are making use of
the technology. In our cars sensors using the
technology are ready to trigger off airbags,
they look after engine management and fuel
injection; and in top-of-the range cars monitor
the tyre pressure, switch on the headlights
www.mediaplanetgroup.co.uk
NANOTECHNOLOGY, A TITLE FROM MEDIAPLANET.
Project Manager Paul Ettinger, Mediaplanet 020 7563 8890, Journalist David Nicholson, Production Editor Ulrika Gustafsson, Print News International
For more information about supplements in the daily press, please contact Mediaplanet on 020 7563 8870
COMING SOON:NANOTECHNOLOGY III
Nanotechnology Part III in The Times
For information call Project Manager Paul Ettinger at Mediaplanet 0207 563 8890,
or e-mail paul.ettinger@mediaplanetgroup.co.uk
 Professor Hugh Clare is the Director of the MNT
Network which was formed in January 2004 to
enable the commercialisation of Microsystems
Technology and Nanotechnology (MNT) for the
benefit of UK industry. The Network is funded by
central and local government.
when it gets gloomy, and switch on the wind-
screen wipers when it starts to rain.
In medicine nanotechnology has brought
about a step change in our ability to discover
new drugs; wound dressings have been devel-
oped and are now in everyday use that speed
up the healing process and reduce the chances
of infection; exciting new approaches to can-
cer cures are being developed, and much more.
One of the first high volume applications of the
technology was pregnancy self-testing kits.
Personal healthcare is a rapidly growing area
with the technology enabling the manufacture
of low-cost blood analysers for example. The
application of nanotechnology in medicine is
saving lives everyday, and exciting research
around the world promises much for the
future.
The chances are that when we look out of the
window the view is clear because of “stay-
clean” glass developed and made in the UK.
The new golf club or tennis racquet that you
are using may well incorporate nanotechnolo-
gy – even the golf balls and the tennis balls.
Roger Federer has won Wimbledon for the last
two years with a racquet incorporating nan-
otechnology.
We have seen a very rapid rise in the growth
of the Microsystems Technology and Nan-
otechnology industry in the UK in recent years.
The number of companies doubled from 2004
to 2005 to nearly 740, and not surprisingly the
turnover of the industry doubled to more than
For more topics in-depth, please visit www.mediaplanetonline.com
£20 billion. The number of people employed
also doubled to about 43,000, with a further
225,000 people employed in industries utilis-
ing the technology as a significant component
of the products they produce. The growth of
the industry in the UK is a success story and a
prime example of the impact of the Knowledge
Economy.
The application of the technology is devel-
oping at an increasing rate, and it is vital for
managers of every company involved in man-
ufacturing and commerce to ask themselves
the question “how can nanotechnology help
my business?”
Awareness packs have already been pro-
duced for a number of industries with more to
follow. For example, nanotechnology is being
used in alternative energy sources including CONTENTS
high efficiency solar panels; reliable fuel cells
with lower maintenance costs; improved wind
and wave power generation with the develop- Nanotechnology’s role in saving and
ment of coatings to prevent ice build-up on improving lives p3
blades, prevent corrosion, improved lubricants
to reduce maintenance costs and so on. A At home in the year 2020 p4
range of textiles is being produced that can
combat odour, repel stains and dirt, repel water Five ways nano is saving lives today p6
but allow vapour to pass through, or have
unique optical properties. The marine industry
Photography in nanotechnology p6
is making use of the technology including
anti-fouling paint to replace banned TBT;
Opportunities for those in the know p7
monitoring the condition of marine engines;
and waste water treatment. The building
industry is seeing the introduction of additives How to be the supplier of choice p7
to concrete to improve performance; new
materials offering high strength to weight Commercialising Micro-Nanotechnology p8
ratios; and even coatings on reinforcing bars
to improve performance and eliminate corro- Nanotechnology for all p9
sion; as well as an established range of paints
and coatings. Ultra small, ultra competitive p11
This is just a glimpse into the world of nan-
otechnology and the influence it has on our
Linking laboratory and boardroom p12
everyday lives. Many more applications are
described throughout this supplement, as
well as a glimpse into what the future holds Standardisation is the key p14
in store.
Tiny technologies create huge
energy savings p14
India’s Leap forward… after IT NanoT p14
Safe and sustainable route to
nanotechnology p15
Europe’s nanotechnology magazine p17
Australian advances p18
Ask the Global Panel of Experts p20
Harnessing nano for the poor p21
You have (na)no idea p23
EU support for nano p23
 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES 3

Nanotechnology’s role in saving and improving lives

As someone at the forefront of research and debate on the whether this plaque is active (ie and this conjugate is then targeted water and clean it for human con-
about to rupture) or quiescent (less at tumour cells. sumption, or diagnostic kits to
future of nanotechnology in medicine, Shervanthi Homer- harmful). This will allow doctors and “Tumour cells express specific detect tuberculosis. These kinds of
Vanniasinkam, consultant vascular surgeon, Leeds Gener- surgeons to prescribe specific treat- markers and molecules,” says pro- practical improvement, allowing
al Infirmary and professor of translational vascular medi- ments and tell them how quickly fessor Homer. “So if a chemist can doctors to diagnose life-threatening
cine, University of Bradford, is well aware of the funda- such treatment should be adminis- design a particular compound or diseases more easily and quickly,
tered. “Often, you don’t need to do particle to home in on these cells, we and to prescribe treatments on the
mental changes to human health that the technology anything about narrowed arteries, can administer it at a higher dose, spot, may bring the most fundamen-
promises to deliver. but with ‘hot’ plaques, you may need without other cells suffering the ill- tal improvements to human health,
to intervene quickly,” says Professor effects of the drug.” In radiotherapy says professor Homer. “For me,
BY SHERVANTHI HOMER-VANNIASINKAM
Homer. “But considering the the same is true, with ‘nano-genera- bringing diagnostics to the ‘point of
attached risks, and the question of tors’ able to generate radioactivity care’ is a very important change,”
“This technology is going to make a times a day. “We know that diabetics scarce medical resources, it is very and only release this once they reach she says.
huge difference,” says professor do badly because they have peaks important to be able to identify this the target cell in the body.
Homer. “For example, in the treat- and troughs in their blood glucose subset of patients who would have a
ment of diabetes, a disease that is levels,” says professor Homer. “It is steep decline in their condition Incredible speed
becoming epidemic around the not practical for people to monitor without intervention.” A challenge, professor confirms, is
world, we are tailoring drug treat- themselves constantly.” the incredible speed of technological
ments to keep blood glucose levels Nanotechnology is being har- Re-engineering drugs change, with new developments
stable.” This could mean an enor- nessed to diagnose vascular prob- This form of therapy remains some emerging every week. These devel-
mously improved quality of life for lems, such as narrowing or blocked years away from practical imple- opments are coming not only from
millions of people, and indeed save arteries, as professor Homer mentation, though it has entered the traditional locations in Europe
many of them from early death. explains. “At the moment, we can pre-clinical trials, according to Pro- and the US, but also from countries
use an angiogram to look at blood fessor Homer. But one area of treat- like India, China, South Korea and
Continuous monitoring vessels and tell whether they are ment where nanotechnology has Brazil, according to professor
What is in development is a continu- narrowed by build-up of plaque, already reached clinical use is in Homer. “In some cases, the research
ous monitoring system, potentially but we can’t tell whether the oncology. Nanoparticles can be being carried out in India is more
implanted beneath the skin of the plaque is stable, or whether it is directed to a tumour, having mini- technically advanced than in the
patient, which could then deliver about to rupture and cause, say, a mal effects on other tissues. For West,” she says.
drugs as they are needed, rather than heart attack.” example, some breast cancer drugs New applications to deal with
the current system of self-diagnosis Using specially coated particles have been re-engineered from exist- health problems specific to poorer
and self-administration carried out which will home in on a particular ing anti-cancer drugs and hitched countries are also in prospect; What is in development is a continuous
by diabetics who have to inject receptor, nanotechnology will, onto a protein such as albumin examples are nanoparticles which monitoring system, implanted beneath
themselves, in some cases several researchers believe, be able to detect which already exists in the body, can seek out infectious material in the skin

Oxonica Healthcare is engaged in Oxonica Healthcare is a wholly owned subsidiary

of Oxonica plc, a leading international
developing detection technologies for the nanomaterials group. Oxonica is developing
innovative commercial solutions for major
clinical diagnostics and life science markets. markets using its expertise in the design and
Oxonica’s vision for clinical diagnostics is application of nanomaterials.

real time testing with central lab Other products include:

performance at the point of care. Envirox™ Fuel Borne Catalyst

• a nanocataylst optimizing fuel economy and
reducing emissions.
Optisol™ UV Absorber
• a range of ultra-stable UVA absorbers with
applications in sunscreens and other
‘Oxonica is one of the few nanotechnology companies that is cosmetics.
turning ideas into real commercial products’. For further information visit www.oxonica.com
Bernard Fairman, Managing Partner at VCF or email Danielle.Slater@oxonica.com
Nanotechnology
Industries Association

Commercial Solutions from Nanotechnology

4 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES
At home in the year 2020
In the next decades we will have the very serious chal-
lenge of how we support our ageing population. How do
we face up to this? To look after our ageing population
even adequately suggests huge pressures on our econo-
my, our health service, and on the human resources that
make care possible.
OTTILIA SAXL, CEO, INSTITUTE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
People want to stay active as long as the difficulty of providing infra-
possible, and in command of their structure to support them. Meeting
faculties, and today this means more the energy and water demands of our
medical interventions. Once they
have become dependent and frail,
more and more resources are need-
existing population has reached a
critical point. As a substantial part of
our community is growing wealthier,
ed. Over the years, politicians have people want larger houses - or two of
discussed many scenarios – ranging them; poorer families need afford-
from how to persuade people to pro- able housing and there are more sin-
duce larger families, or how quali- gle parent families than ever, putting
fied workers from other countries in new demands on the housing stocks.
Europe and beyond can be persuad- How can we really cope with an
ed to live in the UK, or even recently, increase in the population, when we
by offering amnesties to illegal are finding difficulty in coping with
immigrants. the population numbers we have?
Far better are technological solu-
Do any of these possibilities really tions. Technology leverages human
offer the solution we need? resources – we have all seen the
Although we are seeking more change in car production over the
young people, the UK is in fact over- decades from being human-based to
populated already. We cannot cope robot driven. Politicians have large-
with the demand for new homes, and ly ignored technology in seeking
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FIGHT AGAINST BIRD FLU
A UK-based consortium is to develop a way of fighting viruses - including
bird flu - by using nanotechnology. The £2 million, two-year programme will
work on developing a range of nanomaterials for use in the fight against a
broad spectrum of viruses. Funded by the South East England Development
Agency, the programme will be carried out by Team AVNP, a consortium of
six businesses and academic institutions.
Led by QinetiQ Nanomaterials Ltd, they will develop a range of nanomateri-
als that have already proved
effective against viruses in initial
tests. Dr Guogang Ren, of Queen
Mary’s University of London and
a partner in Team AVNP, discov-
ered that at the nanoscale, certain
inorganic materials kill viruses
such as SARS and avian flu on
contact.
QNL founder and chief tech-
nology officer Dr Paul Reip said:
“There is a long term require-
ment for new and innovative
antiviral materials that can be
applied to products such as face
masks to protect not only front-
line staff such as nurses, doctors
and paramedics but also the gen-
eral public.”
GreenShoots Communications
Photography with creativity, passion, innovation, and not without a little insanity…
info@greenshoots.co.uk
 Ottilia Saxl, CEO of the Institute of
Nanotechnology
solutions to our medical and demo-
graphic needs. Let’s examine some
possible solutions offered by nan-
otechnology.
Take David Roberts, age 78, living
in the year 2020. He lives in a small,
purpose-built flat. The beauty of it is
that very little needs cleaned. The
windows have dirt-repellent glass,
nano-enabled, and likewise, using
variations of the same nanotechnol-
ogy, all the surfaces and furnishings
are dirt repellent also. Even his
clothes repel stains and dirt, so David
generally looks quite clean and fresh
with very little effort on his part. This
also saves water, which is metered
and very expensive. However, the
flat contains its own mini recycling
plant with nano membranes that
means his weekly use of water is very
small indeed. (Bottled water is now
almost impossibly expensive
because of fuel costs).
Few old people needed to be hard of
hearing nowadays, as the new gener-
ation cochlear implants, which
replaced old fashioned hearing aids,
are tiny, require no power, and can be
inserted deep into the ear using a spe-
cial device. Once in place, they work
so much better than the crude
implants of the early 2000’s. This kind
of technology is cheap and widely
available, even to the very poor.
David has had a problem with his
failing eyesight, from macular
degeneration. However, a simple
retinal implant has enabled him to
see sufficiently well to read informa-
tion displayed on the walls around
www.greenshoots.co.uk
him. The operation was cheap to the prognosis was very poor. How-
perform, and the surgeon told him ever, using stem cells extracted from
that the technology owed much to his own muscles, the cells were per-
nanotechnology, miniaturized digi- suaded to grow on a nanostructured
tal cameras and the ability to fuse surface, stimulated to evolve into
nerve cells with tiny silicon chips. heart cells and were then transplant-
ed successfully into his heart where
they grew and regenerated new tis-
“ David’s flat has its walls
covered with a lightweight,
electronic “wallpaper”,
sue in place of the old dead cells – a
technique he heard had been per-
fected in Scotland. This has meant
that David is still active ten years
developed using new later and not requiring constant
electronic polymers
” care.
Nanotechnology has enabled
David to remain active and inde-
David’s flat has its walls covered pendent in his own home, still
with a lightweight, electronic “wall- enjoying life and knowing that he
paper”, developed using new elec- does not have to rely on anyone.
tronic polymers. The “paper” can These few examples (and there are
become a television, book or com- many more) demonstrate that
puter. It responds to voice com- investing in technologies to meet
mands, displays the television pro- future care targets cost-effectively is
grammes he wants to see and even something that needs to be grasped
lets him communicate with his fami- by the Government now.
ly who live over two hundred miles The Institute of Nanotechnology
away. What is also handy, is that recently launched a Nanomedicine
through this electronic ‘paper’ David Network, NanoMedNet,
can control the temperature of his www.nanomednet.org, which aims
home, just by speaking, and even to inform people, particularly med-
better, order his shopping remotely ical practitioners and nanomedical
(mostly ready meals), which are technology developers, about nan-
delivered to him within 24 hours. otechnology and its applications to
David knows he was very lucky medicine. It is organizing a major
when about ten years ago he had a event ‘Investing in Medical Nan-
heart attack. Although he recovered, oTechnologies’ 13/14 December, at
some of the heart cells had died, and the Royal Garden Hotel, London.
NANOTECHNOLOGY AIDS ARTIFICIAL LUNG
Scientists at a Welsh university are working on a “next generation” artificial
lung using nanotechnology. The “portable lung” being developed at Swansea
University has the potential to save millions of lives across the world. It also
promises to save the NHS hundreds of millions of pounds.
The project involves Swansea Uni-
versity, Swansea NHS Trust and
Swansea-based Haemair Ltd. The
development partners are also using
expertise from the nanotechnology
centre at Swansea University to pio-
neer the development of the world’s
most up-to-date artificial lung.
“In the medium term, the device
being developed at Swansea offers a
bridge to transplant, meaning people
face the operation fitter and with a
greatly increased chance of survival,”
says professor Rhodri Williams. “In the
longer term, the device offers an alter-
native to transplantation, giving hope
to sufferers from emphysema and cys-
tic fibrosis.”
 Watch the world take shape…

Mediaplanet presents:

NANOWORLD
A series of programs and a feature length documentary.
Producer/Director – Paul Ettinger
For more information and to become a part of NANOWORLD please contact Paul Ettinger on 0207 563 8890, paul.ettinger@mediaplanetgroup.co.uk

Coming soon
6 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES
Five ways nano is saving lives today
Excerpted from an article at www.Nanotechnology.com by
Dr. Nathan Tinker & Darrell Brookstein (author of nano
Fortunes)
Faster, more accurate diagnosis
Scientists at NASA have used carbon
nanotubes to develop an ultrasensi-
tive electronic DNA detector. This
microarray platform can be used to
detect pathogen presence without
time-consuming PCR amplification.
Therapies that attack your dis-
ease, not your body
Several companies have developed
drug-eluding coatings that can be
applied to a stent or pacemaker and
can be turned on through nano-
magnetics, to allow drug molecules
in the coatings to be diffused into
the body.
Time-release of drug molecules
can also be controlled by
nanoporous membranes with pores
only slightly larger than the drug
molecules themselves.
Many drugs perform better in
nanoparticulate form. It is also pos-
XXX/BOPUFDIOPMPHZDPN
&REE .EWS  #OMMENTARY
4HE "EST OF THE .ANO7EEK
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sible to target drugs by adding spe-
cific nanoreceptors on the surface.
The receptors recognize damaged
tissue and attach to it, releasing a
therapeutic drug exactly where
needed.
Better protection from infection
Scientists at Ohio University have
developed biodegradable polymers
that can mimic the ability of white
blood cells to target inflamed blood
vessel walls. Biodegradable beads
coated with targeting molecules can
travel through the bloodstream and
effectively stick to the site of
inflammation.
Researchers in Singapore have
created a transparent wound dress-
ing using nanostructured materials.
This membrane allows air and mois-
ture to pass through, while protect-
ing from bacterial infection and
accelerating the healing process. As
a bonus, the membrane sticks at
body temperature, but releases with-
out damaging newly formed skin
when chilled with an icy cloth. Cells
can be grafted onto the dressing to
promote tissue regeneration, and
drug delivery systems can be
embedded in the membrane to allow
sustained medication release.
More powerful antibiotics
Reza Ghadiri, at the Scripps
Research Institute in California, and
who is also a member of The nano
Company’s and
Nanotechnology.com’s Scientific
Photography in nanotechnology
In recent times, nanotechnology has become another buzz
word to trip off the tongue. With the general public it con-
jures up many emotions, often based on unsubstantiated
facts, thus developing a sense of fear rather than an
excitement of what it can do for mankind.
Creative photography has a tremen-
dous role to play in visually bring-
ing together the exciting challenges
in scientific research and the enor-
mous possibilities of its advantages
to the human race.
The fact that nanotechnology
involves the study of things invisible
to the unaided eye means that excit-
ing photography can bring at least a
conceptual element to the equation.
Of course, the conceptual image
must have a veracity to the particu-
lar subject, whether by way of the
process, or a connection between a
scientific or natural existence and its
Norman comments: “I have
have in seeking solutions to
mystified in understanding the
Advisory Board, has developed an palladium are very effective cata-
entirely new class of treatment lysts for removing pollutant TCE
called ‘peptide nanotubes’ that kill from groundwater, 2,200 times bet-
bacteria – even the sort that have ter than palladium alone.
developed resistance to antibiotics.
The tubes are about three nanome- And there’s more…
ters in diameter and six nanometers Other nano solutions include
long. That is big enough to puncture nanoscale membranes that can filter
a membrane. The result is that many out contaminants, nanoscale poly-
of the bacteria’s critical components mer ‘brushes’ coated with molecules
squirt out, and it dies. Scientists are that can capture and remove poi-
able to design nanotubes that selec- sonous metals, proteins and germs,
tively perforate bacterial membranes and photocatalytic nanomaterials
without harming healthy cells. that allow ultraviolet light to
Researchers have found that destroy pesticides, industrial sol-
nanoparticles of gold coated with vents and germs.
logical development towards a man
Norman Childs, Greenshoots Communications
made benefit.
Inspiring others
Photographers Norman Childs and
Pat Shirreff-Thomas of Greenshoots
Communications have a passion and
expertise in creating photographic
imagery that is the catalyst in com-
municating a greater awareness of
the benefits of nanotechnology to a
wider audience. Drawing on years of
experience working for many multi-
national corporations in locations
around the world, they see their
vision as an important element in
improving the UK’s position of
encouraging more young people to
take up science and engineering.
Photography at this level has to
inspire and intrigue the inquisitive
mind, to search for a more rea-
soned and scientific answer,
which can be understood. and the climbing surface,
known as van der Waals
always been in awe of the fan- forces. Although each hair
tastic knowledge that scientists exerts a tiny force, the hairs
collectively act as a power-
mankind’s quest for a better ful adhesive. Each hair is
world. It often leaves me totally 100 millionths of a metre
long. It has 1,000 pads at the
logistics of the research. However, I tip, and these pads, or spatu-
have also learnt that my approach to lae, are 200 billionths of a metre wide.
imagery in creating a visual solution
to their research has a similar effect
The gecko foot hairs split and allow a
billion spatulae to increase surface den-
upon the scientists I work with”. sity and come into close .contact with
the surface. This creates a strong adhe-
sive force.
Above left and right Day geckos are Researchers at various universities
)NFORMATIONRELATEDTO(EDGE6#&UNDS3EPARATELY-ANAGED!CCOUNTS wonderful climbers and have extremely around the world are using this tech-
powerful legs and feet. They can climb nology to develop “gecko tape” which
#ONTACT$ARRELL"ROOKSTEIN-ANAGING$IRECTOR any surface and can hang from glass by could enable people to walk up sheer
DARRELL NANOTECHNOLOGYCOM a single toe. This is possible because surfaces and across ceilings in the
each toe contains millions of tiny ker- future.(Like Spiderman!) Other develop-
IN3AN$IEGO#!53! atin hairs called setae which exert tiny ments could include applications from
intermolecular forces between them wall climbing robots to car tyres.
 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES 7

Opportunities for those in the know

You need to know how Micro and Nanotechnology can
impact upon your business. MNT Network’s Industry
Awareness Packs can help.
BY ROGER CARLINE
With more than 700 products on
the market which are benefiting
from the competitive edge gained
from micro and nanotechnologies,
and with many more on the hori-
zon, some analysts are predicting
a global nano-enabled turnover
adding up to trillions of pounds.
MNT have advanced applications
for many industries including
healthcare, textiles, automotive,
sports, cosmetics, speciality chem-
icals, alternative energy and pack-
aging.
Diagnostics and therapy
The healthcare sector is currently
reaping the rewards from incorpo-
ration of MNT. By utilising micron
scale fluid engineering and biosens-
ing, Oxford Biosensors are extend-
ing the opportunities for home
based personalised medicine – link-
ing diagnostics with therapy. Smith
and Nephew have incorporated
nanocrystals in wound dressings to
give fast acting and long-lasting
antimicrobial barrier control.
The integration of MNT into mate-
rials provides advanced and novel P2i has applied surface treatments to achieve super repellency
properties such as reduced
porosity, increased
strength, self-cleaning, Free information specific markets. Packs already
increased flame retardency Whether a small or large enterprise available include textiles, wind
and improved resistance to or a technologist looking to commer- power generation and marine prod-
stains, scratches, water and cialise a novel idea you need to be ucts. Food & packaging and aero-
chemicals. P2i is applying its aware of the potential of MNT both space packs are soon to be completed
surface treatments to give to enhance your business and as a whilst others are in development.
super repellency to bio- threat if used in competitor products. To download these industrial
science products, fashion To help you, the MNT Network is cre- awareness packs simply go to our
accessories and automotive ating packs of information to give website www.mntforum.com or at
components. Propex Fabrics you an understanding of what these mntreports@mntnetwork.com.
use single polymer composites technologies mean to your market. Alternatively, join us, the MNT Net-
to give lightweight impact MNT industry awareness packs are work, with our partners in the
resistant materials for luggage aimed at non-technologists. They are Regional Development Agencies of
and shin guards. free and use company and product England and the devolved adminis-
based case studies and examples of trations of Wales, Scotland and
emerging technology solutions to Northern Ireland at one of the meet-
 Covers of the awareness packs highlight the potential for MNT in ings being held in your region.

How to be the supplier of choice

Achieve the MNT Quality Mark and give your customers
and partners confidence in your organisation. Know how
you compare with the best from an expert BenchMark on
your company performance
BY ROGER CARLINE, DEPUTY DIRECTOR MNT NETWORK
ment and supply of micro and nan-
otechnology products. All you have
to do is enter our 2006-2007 MNT
Quality Mark process and let our
expert assessors compare your
processes and practices with those of
the world’s best MNT organisations.
Commitment
Tim Ryan, Chairman of Epigem, one
of the earliest companies to achieve
the Quality Mark, sums up the bene-
fits: “MNT Quality Mark accredita-
tion gives a clear indication to our
customers of our commitment to
best practice in manufacturing and
new product development. The
audit process followed by the
review panel provides detailed feed-
The MNT Network was set up to fur- back and is a valuable tool in identi-
ther the commercial application of fying strengths and weaknesses. I
micro and nanotechnology, assisting sincerely recommend it to other
UK companies to excel in the global companies.”
market place. It is offering a free The MNT Network’s MNT Quality
benchmarking service to all UK Mark is based on the UK’s Institution
companies engaged in the develop- of Mechanical Engineer’s interna-
tionally recognised MX Awards, Recognition expertise built up by the IMechE, the
consequently bringing years of Gaining the Quality Mark gives com- MMA and Warwick Manufacturing
expertise in assessing and advising panies the right to use the MNT Qual- Group then please register by going
companies on best practice. ity Mark logo on their company liter- to the MNT Quality Mark page of the
ature for three years and includes MNT Network Web site www.mntfo-
How the process works recognition on the MNT Network rum.com or contact John Ling at the
Entrants are supported in the com- Directory and Industrial Map. IMechE on 0207 9731307 or myself,
pletion of a comprehensive self- If you want to take this opportuni- Roger Carline, on 0151 794 8070.
assessment audit which is delivered ty to benefit from the years of I look forward to your success.
in partnership with the IMechE’s
Microsystems Manufacturing Asso-
ciation. The audit, developed by the
Warwick Manufacturing Group, is
designed to cover all aspects of your
organisation and operations.
A series of panels totalling more
than 80 senior industrialists, includ-
ing specialists in MNT, provide
expert assessments of the informa-
tion you provide, comparing it with
accepted best practice.
A balanced judgement of the
overall performance is then given by
a panel of judges for the MNT Net-
work to award the Quality Mark
accreditation.
The comments of the assessors are
collated to produce a confidential
benchmark report which is free of
charge to all entrants, whether they
are awarded the Quality Mark
accreditation or not. This is a high
quality independent third party
report of substantial business value.
8 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES

Commercialising Micro-Nanotechnology
The Micro and Nanotechnology Commercialisation Edu- The Foundation’s objectives are to
cation Foundation (MANCEF) is dedicated to supporting accelerate the emergence of micro-
and nanotechnology-based indus-
the global creation, exchange and dissemination of tries, advance commercialisation,
knowledge vital to people, organisations and governments awareness and educational opportu-
interested in the commercialisation and education of nities through the promotion of con-
ferences, workshops, seminars and
miniaturisation technologies. electronic-based forums and to
BY DAVID TOLFREE, VICE-PRESIDENT MANCEF build a global platform, including
communities of researchers, practi-
tioners, suppliers, customers and
users of miniaturisation technolo-
gies. These will provide a basis for
economic growth and prosperity
around the world.
The Foundation originated in
1994 when the first Commercialisa-
tion of Micro and Nano Systems
(COMS) conference was held in
Banff, Canada. The conference
founders formally incorporated
MANCEF in December 2000 as a
US-based not-for-profit organisa-
tion. Since then, MANCEF has
grown with a membership now in
excess of 750 members representing
professionals and leaders from
industry, academia and govern-
ments worldwide. It has a 10-mem-
ber executive board, an executive
staff and a general advisory council
of 30 members from three global
regions: the Americas, Europe/
By David Tolfree, Vice-President MANCEF Africa and Asia/Pacific.
Specialist organisations
Several types of memberships are
offered: charter, organisational, indi-
vidual and student. MANCEF’s char-
ter members include leading interna-
tional companies and organisations
such as the UK’s GlaxoSmithKline
and Surface Transform Systems,
Austria’s EV group, Germany’s
Forschungzentrum Karlsruhe and
SUSS Microtec, Holland’s MESA+
Institute, The US Sandia National
Laboratories and Zyvex Inc., the
worldwide Semiconductor Equip-
ment and Materials Institute. Eight
partnerships currently exist with
other specialist organisations,
enabling MANCEF to organise and
run highly regarded international
conferences and workshops and
carry out strategic projects.
Doing the business
COMS is recognised as the leading
annual conference on micro and nan-
otechnology commercialisation and
the premier Small Tech International
business forum. Business deals valued
at an estimated $2 billion-plus have
taken place through the COMS con-
ferences since 1994. Members benefit
from participating in an interactive,
self-reinforcing community, where
the experience, vision and activities
of its members provide the main
sources for commercialisation, educa-
tion and awareness.
Strategic direction
MANCEF published the first Interna-
tional Micro and Nano Roadmap
(IMNR) in 2002. Its 21 chapters were
written by more than 500 contribu-
tors from five continents (Asia, Aus-
tralia, Europe, North & South Ameri-
ca). It provided a strategic direction
and global perspective to companies,
commercialising miniaturisation
technologies into product compo-
nents and systems. An invaluable
guide for businesses, technologists,
educators and journalists, the IMN
Roadmap is a continually updated
‘living document’. The second edition,
issued in 2004, included seven new
chapters devoted to nanomanufac-
turing, MNT, patents, equipment and
tooling, microsystems processes and
MEMS packaging and assembly,
foundries and RF MEMS. Additional
chapters on micro-nano fluidics,
interactive bio-nanotechnology,
micro-nano integration and interna-
tional workforce development,
foundries, education and workforce
development will be available in
2006-2007.
www.mancef.org

Nottingham arrows in on Nanotechnology

Science and Technology has always been central to the people and
economy of Nottingham city. In March 2005, it was awarded
‘Science City’ status by the UK Government in recognition of the
outstanding achievements within this field, including developments
in mathematical physics by local scientist George Green and the
award of the Nobel Prize to Sir Peter Mansfield for advances in
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
As one of only six cities to receive this accolade, Nottingham is
synonymous with science and technological advancement, and
nanotechnology is one area that is thriving as a result.
The University of Nottingham conducts research in
nanotechnology and nanoscience, with expertise in surface
patterning, the synthesis and characterisation of nanoscale
materials, drug delivery, the manipulation of biological molecules
and the development of new instrumentation for studying
nanoscale materials.
A major investment of £3.5m in the Nottingham Nanotechnology
and Nanoscience Centre at the University of Nottingham will soon
provide a focus for postgraduate teaching and become a centre of
excellence for research in this area.
Professor Clive Roberts, Chair in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
in the School of Pharmacy and the Centre’s Director, said:
“Immense value will be added to the excellent fundamental and
applied nanotechnology activities already taking place, creating
new teaching and research resources for the region and beyond.”
Alongside four other leading East Midlands Universities, the
University of Nottingham is also the major academic partner in a
new £6.3m nanotechnology centre called eminate based at BioCity,
a successful incubator in the centre of Nottingham.
eminate, funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
and East Midlands Development Agency (emda), is part or a
national excellence network in micro and nanotechologies. As an
industry-facing enterprise, it provides expertise at the interface
with pharmaceutical, healthcare and materials engineering sectors,
as well as the practical support of materials, product fabrication
and characterisation, clean room facilities, feasibility studies
and training.
eminate’s Chief Executive, Dr. Allan Syms, looks forward to seeing
the integration of nanotechnology into industry: “eminate is part
of a national commitment to provide industry with fundamental
capabilities in the characterisation and fabrication of
nanomaterials, particularly within the healthcare sector. By
working with key partners, the East Midlands will provide a critical
mass of scientific and industry expertise in nanotechnology.”
The Nottingham Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Centre
together with eminate form an important element of Nottingham
Science City, providing a unique opportunity to make a real impact
on the international stage in this highly competitive and
multidisciplinary field.
Sue Kirby, Policy & Communications Director at emda says: “We’re
delighted to support Science City. There are clear benefits for
Nottingham and beyond in engaging and exploiting our scientific
excellence, and it’s exciting to see our regional economy
flourishing through business-led innovation.”
For further information, visit: www.science-city.co.uk
www.nottingham.ac.uk www.eminate.co.uk or
www.emda.org.uk
 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES 9

Nanotechnology for all “ We want scientists to engage in

The Government is keen that the UK
remains at the forefront of the devel-
opment of nanotechnologies. To help
achieve this, the DTI is spending £90
million over six years on nanotech-
nology related research and develop-
ment to help industry harness the
commercial opportunities. This is in
addition to on-going fundamental
research in our Universities.
debate with people about the
regulatory issues that new technolo-
gies raise before new products and
Nanotechnologies have the potential to deliver enormous
benefits to society both in terms of wealth creation and the
achievement of our social goals.
services reach the market.
— Lord Sainsbury ”
BY LORD SAINSBURY MINISTER FOR
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
www.nottingham.ac.uk
raise before new products and serv-

MSc in Nanoscience (F902)

We recognise that the full worth of
this investment can only be realised
if the products and applications of
nanotechnologies are developed and
used in responsible ways. While an
independent study by the Royal
Society and Royal Academy of Engi-
neering established that most nano-
materials are in a fixed form, it
found manufactured nanoparticles
and nanotubes, able to move freely,
may pose some risk.
In response to that study, the Gov-
ernment has set out its agenda for
the responsible development and use
of nanotechnologies, which we are
taking forward in discussion with
industry, civil society groups, the
research community and in dialogue
with the wider public.
We want scientists to engage in
debate with people about the regula-
tory issues that new technologies
ices reach the market. We need to
look at the ethical, health, safety and
environmental issues produced by
these new technologies, but we
should not seek to decide whether a
science or technology is good or bad
as this is impossible to predict
Key actions that the Government
is taking include a co-ordinated £5
million programme of research to
characterise health and environ-
mental effects, and the development
of a reporting scheme to transfer
information from industry to Gov-
ernment on any potential hazards
posed by manufactured nanoparti-
cles and nanotubes. It is our full
expectation that through acting
early in these and other ways, the
Government will help to fully max-
imise the exciting benefits of nan-
otechnologies for the benefit of the
country and the economy.
Nottingham Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Centre
The University of Nottingham
Duration - 1 year full-time
This innovative taught higher degree course aims to train a new generation of scientists and engineers in the
emerging field of Nanoscience.
The structure of the course allows students to develop an understanding of science on the nanoscale and allows
students to learn about the truly interdisciplinary nature of nanoscience. The course is centred upon the new
Nottingham Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Centre, and is taught across four schools in the University -
Chemistry, Physics & Astronomy, Pharmacy and Mechanical, Materials & Manufacturing Engineering. The course
includes an opportunity to undertake a research project in a world-leading nanoscience research group; gives
training in science communication; and provides students with a background to enable them to make a significant
contribution to one of the most exciting scientific disciplines of the future.
Candidates should normally be expected to hold at least an upper second class honours Bachelor’s degree or
equivalent in Chemistry, Chemical Sciences, Physics, Pharmacy, Biomolecular Science or Materials Science from an
approved University.
Contact Miss Wendy Kirk, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD,
UK. Tel: +44 (0)115 951 3481. email: w.kirk@nottingham.ac.uk

Big ideas for a small world.

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manufacturing@cf.ac.uk

WWW.METAFAB.NET
+44 (0)29 2087 0292
info@metafab.net

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+44 (0)1248 383 662
info@uk-lmc.co.uk

NOW RECRUITING FOR THE NEW 2006

ENTRY MSC IN NANOTECHNOLOGY AT
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AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

Contact n.best@ee.ucl.ac.uk
or phone 02076797300 for further information.

• Breaking news • Forthcoming events Firmly established as a leading global portal More than 21,000 individuals have signed up
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Ultra small, ultra competitive
Bringing Next Generation Precision Engineering Tech-
nologies to Business
BY DAVID BARROW
The success of products using nano-
scale functions – and their success-
ful transition to volume manufac-
ture – will be a key component of
future R&D and manufacturing
capability.
Wales is leading the way to make
this future a reality. With the support
of the UK Micro and Nanotechnolo-
gy Network (UK-MNT) and the
Welsh Assembly Government, Wales
now hosts the next generation of
advanced precision engineering
technologies in the UK. Leading this
consortium of industrial and public
sector partners will be three UK-
MNT Open Access Facilities develop-
ing and applying micro and nano
engineering technologies across
diverse industrial supply chains.
Strong cluster
This UK-MNT consortium is linked
to one of the UK’s largest clusters of
optoelectronics companies: based in
North Wales, the grouping is led by
Technium OpTIC, in St Asaph. Here,
precision engineering has benefited
from a recent £4.2 million invest-
ment in the National Centre for Ultra
Precision Surfaces to achieve signif-
icant improvements in surface preci-
sion engineering and more rapid
manufacturing time.
Open access
Also in this region are the UK-MNT
open access facilities of the UK Laser
Micromachining Centre (www.uk-
lmc.co.uk) providing a complete and
cost-effective laser processing serv-
ice to the precision, micro and nan-
otechnology industries. UK-LMC is a
spin-out from IBMM-ICON at the
University of Wales Bangor: the
coordinating partner of the Optical
Biochip Consortium and leading the
micro-fabrication and development
of next-generation polymer elec-
tronic devices and bio-molecular
sensors.
Linked through UK-MNT are the
open access facilities and resources
of Cardiff University led by
metaFAB (www.metaFAB.net) and
MicroBridge (www.mec.cf.ac.uk).
metaFAB is a convergent network
of MNT laboratories and supply
chain affiliates, working to convert
powerful multidisciplinary MNT
expertise into industrial product
solutions. For example, microflu-
idics based precision particle engi-
neering initially developed within
metaFAB has been taken to market
through Q Chip Life Science, which
develops and produces advanced
drug delivery systems. Recently,
metaFAB acquired a unique fem-
tosecond/157nm UV Laser tool to
produce high value chips for
AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES 11
microfluidic, photonic and other
high-specification products. In addi-
tion, through MNT Academy,
metaFAB directs the first dedicated
MNT apprenticeship courses and
training programmes for directors,
designers and production engineers
in the UK.
MicroBridge, at the multi award-
winning Manufacturing Engineering
Centre, is a key partner in strategic
industrial programmes at the fore-
front of next generation precision
engineering. Coordinating a pro-
gramme to miniaturise tools and
components at low cost for volume
manufacture – achieving scales down
to 40 nanometres – MicroBridge will
also validate charged particle nan-
otechnology for the manufacture of
tooling and mechanical systems.
Applications of MicroBridge’s minia-
turisation include the most techno-
logically advanced fishing line in the
world for BVG Airflo, to the develop-
ment of an infrared sensor for the
Hershel Space Laboratory, looking
ten billion light years into space.
Invitation
Andrew Davies, Welsh Assembly
Government Minister for Enterprise,
Innovation and Networks, said:
“Wales is proud of its investment
into technology and innovation and
our strong cluster involved in nan-
otechnology. The increasing pres-
sures towards miniaturisation – and
the micro and nano precision engi-
neering technologies needed to
achieve this – necessitate conver-
gent technologies between research
and industry beyond sectors and
geographies. On behalf of the UK
Micro and Nanotechnology Network
and the Welsh Assembly Govern-
ment, we invite businesses to discuss
these opportunities first-hand with
industrial and research experts
throughout Wales to see how busi-
ness can apply MNT to both present
and future product development.”
• To meet with industrial or techno-
logical experts in any of the MNT
facilities mentioned in this editorial,
contact David Barrow:
info@metafab.net or call +44 (0) 29
2087 0292.
Top Electrokinetic microfluidic device
capable of sorting particles or living
cells
Right Biofactory-on-a-Chip device
capable of performing complex diag-
nostic tasks
Pictures courtesy of IBMM-ICON
Cranfield develops next Generation of LEDs
significant involvement in develop-
A new Nano Light Emitting Diode (NLED), designed and
developed at Cranfield University in collaboration with
Dresden Technical University, Germany, is set to lead the
ing the NLED. The MSc, developed in
collaboration with industry, is
designed to give students a thorough
Linking laboratory
development of the next generation of LEDs.
The device has been designed in Dr Steve Dunn, Lecturer in Nan-
grounding in the skills necessary for
a career in high-tech industries. The
NLED provides an example of the
and boardroom
response to the growing trend in the otechnology, and Project Leader types of projects students are
use of personal electronic devices says: “The development of this involved in.
• For information on the NLED, our
Josephine Dixon-Hardy, Manager of the Yorkshire For-
with multi colour displays and there- device is a huge achievement for
fore has far reaching benefits for Cranfield and the UK/EU nanotech- work in nanotechnology, contact ward Nanofactory, comments on the importance of effec-
both consumers and manufacturers. nology sector. It demonstrates the Steve Dunn on +44 (0) 1234 754066 tive communication between universities and companies
The device is capable of producing quality of our research and our com- or s.c.dunn@cranfield.ac.uk. For fur- in nanotechnology collaborations.
a variety of colours ranging from mitment to identifying and respond- ther information on the MSc
blue to red with a manufacturing ing to industry needs in this increas- Microsystems and Nanotechnology,
process that is lab-bench compati- ingly significant area.” Students on contact Enquiries on +44 (0) 1234 University-industry relationships are as variable in their dynamics and suc-
ble. The device has huge implica- Cranfield’s Microsystems and Nan- 754086 or email appliedsciences cesses as the individuals within them. Effectiveness at this interface is increas-
tions for reducing the complexity of otechnology (MSN) MSc have had @cranfield.ac.uk ingly important in a globally driven and accelerating innovation cycle. Well-
the manufacturing process and connected and resourced universities are increasingly proving their ability to
Cranfield’s close contact with indus- deliver innovative products and processes in this environment. Their connec-
try has ensured that future device tions with industrial nanotechnology activities are broad.
manufacture has been a major con- The Yorkshire Forward Nanofactory activity spectrum addresses fundamen-
sideration in the design of the NLED. tal research in collaboration with nanoenterprise companies, focused on low-
volume, high-value specialist products, to collaborations with companies out-
side of the nano arena seeking to add value to their products and processes
through advanced technology.
A recently published online directory of nanotechnology consumer prod-
Opportunities in ucts lists more than 200 products from 15 different countries. It shows how
mainstream companies are enjoying increasing opportunities to incorporate
Nanotechnology at nanotechnology into their products and processes for larger scale, higher vol-
ume products. Uniting talents, resources and commercial experience between

the University of Surrey
Nanotechnology is changing the face of science and technology. Whether you are a budding
researcher or a future industry leader, we can help you develop fundamental understanding
and hands-on experience of nanotechnology which will allow you to participate in this rapidly
developing field.
Our programmes are taught by leading scientists and engineers, and we can offer world-class
facilities for your research. Funding is available to suitably qualified candidates.
universities and companies can provide an ideal framework to accelerate
innovation.
Experience suggests a good university-industry marriage is linked to a few
core factors: effective technology transfer, competent intellectual property
management, transparent financial agreements and clearly defined timelines
are priorities for all parties. Understanding and alignment of organisational
goals to cater for priorities is thus critical for success.
jo.dixon@nanofactory.org.uk

• MSc in Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronic Devices

• Engineering Doctorate in Micro- and NanoMaterials and Technologies (MiNMaT)
• PhD in Nanotechnology Research
• Industrial Collaboration and Services

www.nanotechnology.surrey.ac.uk/times
nanotechnology@surrey.ac.uk

Effective communication between universities and companies is essential

Playing Lego with Artificial Atoms at Leicester SINGLE ELECTRON COUNTER BREAKTHROUGH

All matter is made of atoms. This simple
statement embodies materials science,
chemistry and biology and we take it to
mean all substances are made of combina-
tions of atoms of the 92 stable elements.
There is however a wider interpretation from the original
conception of the atom by the ancient Greek philoso-
phers Demokritos and Leucippus, who proposed the
atomon (uncuttable) as the smallest indivisible unit of
matter. If we cut an atom of, for example, copper in half
we will produce two atoms of different elements, howev-
er if we cut a macroscopic piece of copper into smaller
and smaller pieces size effects set in at larger sizes than
single atoms. When the pieces are small enough to be
called nanoparticles, that is, they have a diameter of less
than about 10nm, their properties start to change from
the bulk material and, more importantly, they become
dependent on the size of the particle.
An exciting aspect of nanotechnology is to build sub-
stances out of nanoparticles whose properties you can
‘adjust’ by changing the size. It is not unlike having tun-
One of the
machines
used to
produce
size-selected
metal
nanoparticles
at Leicester
able atoms as building blocks and this gives enormous
opportunities to produce novel materials. At Leicester the
technology has been developed to produce size-selected
nanoparticles of virtually any metal in environments
ranging from aerosols to solid matrices. Research projects
(www.le.ac.uk/physics/research/cmp) include, develop-
ment of high strength and highly magnetic nanostructured
materials, applications of nanoparticles to healthcare, tox-
icology of nanoparticles and quantum dots. Based on its
vigorous nanotechnology programme, the Physics and
Astronomy department has launched a degree in “Physics
with Nanoscience and Tech-
nology” this year.
Physicists in Japan have made a device that can detect individual electrons
that are flowing either forwards or backwards. The device – the most sensi-
tive ammeter to date – allows currents to be measured in the attoampere
range for the first time. Known as a bi-directional single-electron ammeter,
the device could be used for nanoelectronics, calibration devices, quantum
computation or biology.
When it comes to detecting individual electrons, it is important to be able to
measure electrons travelling in both the forward and backward directions
because many electrons get ‘backscattered’ in a device. Although scientists
have recently been able to count sin-
gle electrons travelling through an
individual quantum dot – a
nanostructure that confines
electrons in 3D – these exper-
iments have been unable to
work out which direction
the electrons are travel-
ling in. By including two
quantum dots, rather than
one, the new device gets
round this problem.
It is important to be able to measure
electrons travelling in both the forward
and backward directions
14
India’s Leap forward…
after IT NanoT
India, already a global leader in information technology, is
now leaping forward in the field of nanotechnology.
BY DR. YASH PATHAK AND DR. DEEPAK THASSU
The country’s president, Dr Abdul
Kalam (a respected scientist) said
earlier this year: “The convergence
of bio, nano and ICT is expected to
touch every area of concern to
humanity. There will be a global
knowledge connectivity and India
will play a major role in this.”
The Indian federal government has
established a Nanoscience and Tech-
nology initiative. The University
Grants Commission has launched a
comprehensive Nanoscience
Research Program. More than 30
world-class institutes, including the
Indian Institute of Science and the
Indian Institute of Technology are
involved in fundamental and applied
research in nanotechnology. The
research is focused on nano electro-
chemical devices, nanostructure syn-
thesis, DNA chips, nano-electronics,
nanomaterials, nano-powders,
nano-composites, nano drug deliv-
ery systems among other applica-
tions. A new nanotechnology park
has been established in Hyderabad,
with anticipated investment of $2.5
billion. Phase one manufacturing
has already started, drawing on a
$600 million investment to produce
semiconductor wafers with a capaci-
ty of 30,000 units per month.
New development
Prominent national companies
have invested hundreds of millions
of dollars in nanotechnology
research. Several multinationals
have already set up R&D centers to
reap the benefits.
Tiny technologies create huge energy savings
AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES
Nanotechnology research is being
conducted in many universities all
over the country. Rutgers, a US based
university, has established a joint
venture with the Indian materials
center in Hyderabad for powder met-
allurgy and new materials to develop
nano based harder metals, lighter
ceramics and protective coatings.
The Indo American nano-nology
Alliance (IANTA) and India Nano are
non-profit organisations working to
encourage strategic collaboration in
the scientific communities in India
and US and providing a platform for
the road mapping of nanotechnolo-
gy development in India in the com-
ing years.
• Dr. Yash Pathak and Dr. Deepak
Thassu are the Executive Directors of
Indo American Nanotechnology
Alliance, a non profit organisation.
Email: info@ianta.org
(www.ianta.org)
Standardisation is key
Why we need internationally coordinated standards for
nanotechnologies.
BY DR PETER HATTO, CHAIRMAN BSI/NTI/1 AND ISO/TC 229
At the end of March a series of inci-
dents occurred in Germany that
made the nanotechnology commu-
nity hold its breath. Spray can ver-
sions of two new products – Magic-
Nano-glass sealer and Magic-Nano-
ceramic sealer were implicated in
more than 110 incidents of breathing
disorders. The nanotechnology com-
munity’s concern was that nanopar-
ticles assumed to be in the sprays
were responsible for the reported
problems. Significant confusion sur-
rounded the incidents and it was not
until 23rd May that the German Fed-
eral Institute for Risk Assessment
(BfR) was able to confirm that the
products contained no nanoparti-
cles, and that the “Nano” name had
been used to draw attention to the
ultra-thin films that form on the sur-
face of glass or ceramic after the
application of the sprays.
These incidents highlight the criti-
cal need for international agreement
on standards for nanotechnologies,
particularly the need for labelling
and testing of nanotechnology
products.
Hallmarks for nanotechnology
So how can we be sure that some-
thing that describes itself as “nano-”
really is a product of nanotechnolo-
gy? A solution is being piloted in
Taiwan for locally produced nan-
otechnology products. A certifica-
tion scheme called “nanoMark”,
provides consumers with a guaran-
tee that items bearing the mark are
University College London (UCL) has discovered a world
first in the manufacturing of microchips.
BY DAVID NICHOLSON
The Department of Electronic and
Electrical Engineering has used nan-
otechnology techniques successfully
to induce the oxidation of silicon at
room temperatures using light from
ultraviolet (UV) excimer lamps,
instead of high-temperature, ener-
gy-hungry furnaces.
Energy savings
To manufacture chips, the oxide, an
essential layer in every microelec-
 The oxidation process uses light from
ultraviolet (UV) excimer lamps, instead
of high-temperature furnaces.
“nano-“ and that there are benefits
to them being “nano-“. The Hohen-
esteiner Institutes in Germany have
recently introduced a similar quality
certification for nanotechnology
textiles.
Although voluntary schemes such
as these have considerable merit as
they can be introduced relatively
quickly without requiring legisla-
tion, it is vital that they are based on
internationally agreed standards
covering what is and is not “nano-“
(terminology and nomenclature
standards) and what benefits the
“nano-“ aspects impart (measure-
ment and test standards), otherwise
they will have little real value. Given
the starting point of Magic-Nano- it
would be even more valuable if such
schemes also gave some reassurance
about product safety based upon
international standards (toxicology
and risk assessment protocols), so
that responsible manufacturers
could provide all-round reassurance
about the composition, efficacy and
safety of their nanotechnology
products and leave the consumer to
decide whether or not to purchase
them.
The British Standards Institution
(BSI) is working together with
national standards bodies from 33
other countries within the Interna-
tional Organization for Standardiza-
tion (ISO) Technical Committee for
Nanotechnologies, ISO/TC 229, for
which the UK holds both the secre-
tariat and chair, to develop stan-
tronic device, is traditionally grown
by heating silicon in furnaces at
temperatures of 800-1,200 degrees
centigrade. UCL’s breakthrough
means that these ovens could be
made redundant, radically reducing
the amount of energy consumed
during the manufacturing process.
The research, led by Professor Ian
Boyd, Course Director for UCL’s new
MSc in Nanotechnology, means that
future electronic chips could be pro-
duced in a more energy efficient and
cost-effective way. The discovery
opens up new possibilities for using
light instead of heat to fabricate other
layers in advanced electronic devices,
dards in all these areas. The commit-
tee was established in June of last
year and has just held its second
meeting in Tokyo.
Besides discussing potential certi-
fication schemes and agreeing new
standardization work in a number of
fields, the committee has agreed
ways of coordinating its work with
other relevant ISO Technical Com-
mittees and with the European Com-
mittee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee for Nanotech-
nologies (CEN/TC 352), established
in December 2005, again with a UK
secretariat and chair. It also dis-
cussed future collaboration with the
newly confirmed International Elec-
trotechnical Commission (IEC) Tech-
nical Committee for Nanotechnolo-
gies, IEC/TC 113.
as well as creating the opportunity to
realise completely new materials with
unique properties.
Professor Ian Boyd says: “Our
finding has potential to completely
overhaul the way that the micro-
electronic industry processes sili-
con. This means that the industry’s
energy, and subsequent cost sav-
ings, could reduce the prices of
electronic devices for consumers
and create a positive environmen-
tal impact.
“UCL and the UK are driving
innovation in the dynamic, emerg-
ing field of nanotechnology. Even
our students contribute in the
groundbreaking discoveries in this
new discipline, supported by state-
of-the-art labs, our stimulating MSc
course structure and the guidance
and expertise of our world-class
academics.”
 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES 15

A safe and sustainable route to nano

Within the last five years we have witnessed an unprece-

Norman Childs, Greenshoots Communications

dented rush towards nanotechnology. Some researchers
have become millionaires, dreams have come true and we
can buy the first nano-products in the shops.
BY DAVID NICHOLSON

Thousands of new companies have material-based starting point is the

been founded and workplaces creat-
ed. But we also hear more and more
critical voices calling for legislation
on nanotechnology, a moratorium
or even a complete ban. How should
we react to the suspicions and fears
that accompany this new technolo-
gy’s introduction?
length of potential exposure: soluble
materials may be dissolved once
they enter a biological organism
within hours to a few days. Inert,
persistent nanoparticles lack the
ability to dissolve. They may stay for
years before being expelled or grad-
ually decomposing.

Researchers
As researchers, we have learned a lot
about nanotechnology, particularly
about first generation products
“ We also hear more and
more critical voices calling
for legislation on nan-
made from nano-materials. The Nano-structured coatings make paint surfaces more resistant to scratches, weathering and acids. They are also used to reduce
European Union and many national
otechnology, a moratorium wind resistance in high performance cars.
initiatives have created efficient or even a complete ban.
research clusters to look at the most How should we react to the
burning issues on health and safety Existing legislation come to a reasoned conclusion. persistent nano-materials, we
concerns around nano-materials.
suspicions and fears that Soluble nanoparticles may be Legislators are not required to re- should respect the constraints that
Today, however, we still know rela- accompany this new tech- assessed in well-established short- invent procedures on the use of our current knowledge puts on their
tively little about how nanoparticles term studies. In this case, we can degradable nanomaterials, they can application. This class of materials
interact with our bodies or the envi-
ronment. Yet very many attractive
opportunities are demanding our
nology’s introduction?

So it is inherently safer to use

attention and virtually all European
universities have embarked onto the
nano-journey.
Safely degradable
We are currently exploring an alter-
native way to develop nanoparticle-
based products taking into account
the potentiality of particle uptake
and the ability of nanoparticles to
diffuse rapidly within the human
body. How could we use the precau-
tionary principle? A very rough,
” look back and profit from dozens of
years of experience with consumer
safety. We can judge a risk and
in principle be treated similarly to
the well-established legislation for
chemicals and formulations. For
demands significantly bigger
efforts from legislators, producers
and researchers.
degradable nano-materials: in case
of accidental uptake, they may pro-
voke acute toxicological effects but
we know that they are dissolved rap- REVERTEX (M) SDN. BHD.
idly and do not pose any long-term
effects such as cancer risk. Persistent
nanoparticles, however, would stay Revertex (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. is a leading multination- ground-breaking solutions to its customers world-wide.
within an organism for years. Here, al manufacturer and marketer of natural rubber latex According to Mr. David A. Lowe, CEO of Revertex
a risk assessment is extremely diffi- compounds, specialty masterbatches, prevulcanised (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., “Our technological capability in
cult and extended studies are natural rubber latices, water-based polymers and syn- nano-technology, bio-technology and combinatorial
required to show how and to what thetic resins. chemistry has opened up new frontiers for our customers
extent such nanoparticles might be Embracing the advancement in frontier technology has to make “smart” stimulus-responsive rubber products.”
harmful. enabled Revertex to stay ahead and offer unique and Revertex has factories in Malaysia, Thailand and India.

Nanotechnology risks: The real issues

Engineered nanoparticles
are already finding their way
from laboratories into com-
mercial products – and yet
nobody really knows the
effects they could have on health and environment.
To support a rational discussion about the potential risks, Nanowerk, one
of the leading nanotechnology information providers, recently launched
nanoRISK, a print newsletter. Designed as a constructive contribution to
the responsible development and use of engineered nanomaterials,
nanoRISK is a must-read source for nanoprofessionals and nanonovices
alike who want to stay informed about fundamental research and the latest
developments on nanomaterials risk and safety issues.

Wealth of information
“This newsletter is not about stopping nanotechnology or scaring people,”
says Michael Berger, nanoRISK editor. “It is about providing a wealth of
information, compiled in one comprehensive, easy-to-read newsletter, on
scientific research, regulatory updates and informed opinion about the
risks posed by engineered nanomaterials and what is being done about
them.” Download a free copy from www.nanorisk.org.

• For more information contact: Michael Berger, Nanowerk LLC,

michael@nanowerk.com, www.nanorisk.org, www.nanowerk.com
MESA+ the unique research partner
in micro- and nanotechology
MESA+ is one of the largest nanotechnology research institutes in the world, delivering MESA+ institute for nanotechnol-
ogy is part of the University of
competitive and successful high quality research. It uses a unique structure, which
Twente, having intensive cooper-
unites scientific disciplines, and builds fruitful international cooperation to excel in sci- ation with various research
ence and education. MESA+ has created a perfect habitat for start-ups in the micro- and groups within the University. It
nano-industry to establish and to mature. employs 475 people of which 270
are PhD’s or postdocs. The insti-
tute holds 1250 m2 of cleanroom
space and state of the art research
equipment. MESA+ has a
turnover of 46 million euro per
year of which about 55 per cent is
acquired in competition from
external sources.
Cooperation
The structure within MESA+ sup-
ports and facilitates the
researchers and stimulates coop-
eration actively. MESA+ combines
the disciplines of physics, electri-
cal engineering, chemistry and
mathematics. Internationally
appealing research is achieved
through this multidisciplinary
 MESA+ has been the breeding place
for as many as 30 high-tech start-ups
to date.
approach. It is strengthening its
international academic and indus-
trial network by fruitful coopera-
tion programs.
Start-ups
MESA+ has been the breeding
place for as many as 30 high-tech
start-ups to date. A targeted pro-
gram for cooperation with small
and medium-sized enterprises is
specially set up for start-ups.
MESA+ offers the use of its exten-
sive facilities and cleanroom space
under friendly conditions. Start-
ups and MESA+ work intensively
together to promote transfer of
knowledge.
Joining MESA+ means working
at the forefront of science and
technology.
www.mesaplus.utwente.nl

Europe’s nanotechnology magazine
Simon Fryer, Inside nano Media
Inside nano presents complex infor-
mation in a non-technical, clear and
concise format that interested mem-
bers of the public and business exec-
utives can understand.
Inside nano Chief executive
Simon Fryer explained: “There is a
keen focus on industries where the
application or further application
of nanotechnology has the poten-
tial to be disruptive; our role is to
impart this information in a way
that people can understand and
relate to.”
AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES
Offering an insight into nanotechnology, Inside nano
Media is publishing a bi-monthly, non-technical maga-
zine and a quarterly Investor magazine from September.
The launch issue will feature an interview with K. Eric
Drexler, often described as the ‘father of nanotechnology’.
BY SIMON FRYER
Coming features include, ‘nan-
otechnology joins the war on terror-
ism’ and ‘nanotechnology solutions
to the energy crisis’
Nanotechnology, the new Internet?
Simon Fryer said “Our research con-
firms that a small but growing army
of sophisticated private investors see
investing in nanotechnology and
related shares as the next big oppor-
tunity, but they feel starved of quali-
ty information.”
Inside nano Investor magazine
tracks and profiles listed and unlist-
ed companies that are at the fore-
front of developing and applying
nanotechnology to industry. It
includes interviews and share price
tracking and looks at which areas
are attracting investment - of great
importance to VC's, Angel Investors
17
Special offers to Times readers
As a special offer to Times read-
ers, Inside nano Media is offering
new subscribers the chance to
win 1 of 10 signed copies of the
book “Engines of Creation, The
coming era of nanotechnology”
by K. Eric Drexler, PhD, and if
you subscribe for 1 year, you will
go into the draw to receive 1 of 5
and those looking to protect their personally inscribed copies. Also,
portfolios and to profit from early subscribe by the end of July and
stage investment. qualify for one of these discount-
nano Enabled™ Exhibition, Con- ed offers:
ference and Awards Programme • 1 year’s subscription (10 issues)
Bringing together business, gov- for £34.50*
ernment, the investment community • Or an introductory 3 issue trial
and educational leaders with Nan- for £12.99**
otechnology companies and their *Usual subscription rate £57.50
suppliers, nano Enabled™ is a must **Subsequent issues will be
attend for anyone involved in nan- K. Eric Drexler, PhD charged at full subscription rate
otechnology in Europe. The inaugu-
ral Exhibition will be held in October These offers are only available
2007. Sciences. Drexler founded the Fore- until the end of July so visit
sight Institute, a non-profit organiza- www.insidenanotech.com/timesoffer
Father of nanotechnology tion focused on nanotechnology and or call 0845 130 7688 for more
K. Eric Drexler is often described as served as Chairman until his departure information.
the ‘father of nanotechnology’. In in 2003. He is presently Chief Techni-
1981, he outlined an approach to cal Advisor to Nanorex, a company
implementing productive nanosys- developing design software for molec- tute of Technology in Molecular Nan-
tems in a paper published in the Pro- ular engineering. Drexler was awarded otechnology (the first degree of its
ceedings of the National Academy of a PhD from the Massachusetts Insti- kind).
Manufacturing technologies that
turn nano science into reality
Micromachining is considered to be a key enabling technology across a broad
range of industries.
The term is used to cover the production of minute components and features from a wide range of materi-
als, generally in the size range of 200 microns to a few nanometres and may also be known as micro
drilling, micro cutting, micro milling, micro fabrication and micro etching.
With a long history in micro etching, PRECISION MICRO is now able to offer a range of micro machining
and micro fabrication technologies that covers this complete size requirement, in order to best meet cus-
tomers’ specific needs. From individual components for ‘proof of principle’ trials and the production of
prototype quantities, to volume manufacture PRECISION MICRO prides itself in providing the most eco-
nomical solution.
Diverse range
A diverse range of materials can be manipulated by micro-machining including: Steels, Silicon, Diamond,
Polyimide and Ceramics. Manufacturing techniques employed include microetching, laser micro machin-
ing and fabrication, Focussed Ion Beam (FIB) along with E-beam lithography and plasma etching.
Discrete components such as Microfluidics channels and filters, micro gears and other 3D structures can
be produced in batch quantities with supe-
rior repeatability, ultra fine tolerances and
outstanding edge definition using electro-
forming in conjunction with high aspect
ratio SU-8 tooling. Anyone working in the
micro-, milli- or nano-scales would be
well advised to check out the unique man-
ufacturing technology combinations that
Anthony Marrett, Precision Micro Ltd
Precision Micro has to offer.
Tel: +44 (0) 121 380 0100
www.precisionmicro.com
A choice of logo sizes micro machined
into a human hair
18 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES

CARBON TUBE OPPORTUNITIES

Australian advances
A small state on the other side of the world is doing big
things in nanotechnology.
BY LEANNE BOLTON
As host of next year’s Commerciali-
sation of Micro and Nanosystems
conference (COMS) 2007, Mel-
bourne, Victoria will showcase not
only Australia’s best nanoindustries
and research but will highlight its
position as a key player in the boom-
ing Asia-Pacific nano space.
Melbourne is a world leader in
biomedicine, pharmaceuticals,
instrumentation and materials. This
combined with a Boston-like cluster
of first class universities and
research facilities, a skilled work-
force and the world’s newest syn-
chrotron – makes the city and state
of Victoria a natural home to some
of the world’s best nanotechnology
research.
In materials science Victoria has
MiniFab, a product development
and prototyping company that
works with other groups developing
products from biosensors to materi-
als for food packaging into com-
mercial applications. Victorian
biotechnology company, Starphar-
ma, has developed a microbicide
anti-HIV gel using nano-dendrimer
technology, that recently received
fast track status from the US Food
and Drug Administration. Nanos-
tructured surfaces are the focus of
the Centre for Green Chemistry
which is working with the world
class Australian Stem Cell Centre,
also in Melbourne, to develop
stem cell-based therapies.
And most recently Uni-
versal Biosensors has
developed a SURFACE TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS
nanoscale diagnostic
strip for the moni-
toring insulin levels
in diabetics.
According to Dr
Peter Binks, CEO of
Nanotechnology
Victoria, there are 35
companies developing
or marketing nanotech-
nology applications in
Victoria. “The state is leading
Australia – and in some industries
the world - in nanotechnology com-
mercialisation,” he said.
CONTACT
State Government, Victoria, Aus-
tralia
Department of Innovation, Industry
& Regional Development
T +61 3 9651 9705
E leanne.bolton@iird.vic.gov.au
According to a new report from
NanoMarkets LC, a market
research and consulting firm
based in Sterling, Virginia, the
unique electrical, thermal and
physical properties of carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) will create $3.6
billion in new business for the
electronics and semiconductor
sectors by 2009. NanoMarkets’
research indicates that carbon
nanotubes are already becoming
a key enabling technology that
electronics firms should not dismiss as being a long way off.
The report, “Carbon Nanotube Electronics, A Technology Analysis and
Market Forecast” says that the biggest near-term opportunities for “nan-
otube electronics” will come from the sensor, display and memory sectors.
Each of these markets will include more than $200 million in CNT-based
products by 2007.
Surface Technology Systems plc (LSE:SRTS), based in Newport, South Wales,
has been manufacturing equipment for plasma etching semiconductor materi-
als for over 20 years. They export their wafer processing systems throughout
Europe, Asia and America, where the equipment is used by research institutes
and volume device manufacturers to fabricate a wide range of semiconductor
devices, such as Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), wireless, opto-
electronic, data storage and advanced IC device packaging solutions. With the
emergence of new nanotechnology applications, the same plasma processes
are being used to etch smaller nanostructures into silicon and other materials
for use in areas such as biotechnology, nanolithography, photonics, and mag-
netic data storage.

Imagination… …engineered
Whatever your inspiration, STS takes your ideas further. As a key
provider of plasma etch and deposition technologies for over 20 years, STS
continues to deliver expert knowledge and advanced thinking to customers
based on proven technology.

Whether you are an emerging or established enterprise we offer unrivalled

experience, and unparalleled knowledge of our proven technologies turning
your innovations into reality. Above all, we listen to our customers.
Their success is all the inspiration we need.

STS are currently recruiting for a number of vacancies. To find out more
about our products or career opportunities visit: www.stsystems.com

M E M S . C O M P O U N D S E M I C O N D U C T O R S . P H O T O N I C S . A D V A N C E D P A C K A G I N G . D A T A S T O R A G E

THINK • INNOVATE • CREATE

'Nano and Microtechnologies in the
Food and Healthfood Industries'
SHOWCASING THE APPLICATIONS OF MICRO AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES TO THE FOOD INDUSTRY IN EUROPE

NH Grand Hotel Krasnopolsky, Amsterdam

25th-26th October 2006
Early bird rates apply until July 23rd 2006
See: http://www.nano.org.uk/conferences/food_health
Contact: Carrie Smith
Email: carrie.smith@nano.org.uk or tel: +44 (0) 1786 447520.

'Investing in Medical Nanotechnologies'

13th -14th December 2006 - Royal Garden Hotel, London

Conference and Exhibition
Speakers include:

• Sir Michael Rawlins

Chairman, National Institute of Clinical Excellence, UK
• Paul Smit
Senior Vice President, Philips Medical Systems
• Arne Hengerer
Director, Molecular MRI, Siemens
• Leonard Fass
Director, Academic Relations, GE Healthcare
• Philippe Cleuziat
Strategy Management Director, Molecular Biology, bioMérieux
• Kim Kreilgaard
Head of Research, Development and Innovation Division, European Investment Bank
• Thomas K. Epprecht
Senior Risk Specialist, Swiss Re

Register before 12th August 2006 for early bird rates

See: http://www.nano.org.uk/conferences/nanomedicine

Opportunities are available for companies wishing to present

their nanomedical technologies to potential investors.

Email: lindsay.robertson@nano.org.uk or tel: +44 (0) 141 330 8777.

20 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES
Ask the global panel of experts
We asked five prominent figures to answer ten questions
on current issues in nanotechnology
• Renzo Tomellini, head of the Nanotechnology Unit at
the European Commission, Brussels
• Professor Vinod Subramaniam, professor of biotechni-
cal engineering at the University of Twente in the
Netherlands
• Dr Kevin Matthews, chief executive at nanotechnology
company Oxonica, UK
• Scott Mize, former president, Foresight nano Institute,
California
• Jane Niall, vice president for Asia/Pacific, MANCEF,
Australia
BY DAVID NICHOLSON
JN In health, the integration of
diagnostic and therapeutics (‘thera-
nostics’) through drug delivery sys-
tems. In energy, nanotechnology
will improve distributed energy gen-
eration and distribution technolo-
gies and efficiencies. In water, high
volume, cost-effective filtration and
desalination will enable the re-use
of water and provide new sources.
What is the public level of under-
standing of nanotechnology?
RT Increasing, but not yet high
enough. The recent Eurobarometer
study gives us a percentage of ‘don’t
know’ responses for nanotechnolo-
Scott Mize, former president, Foresight gy above 40 per cent.
nano Institute, California
VS I don't believe that the public is
aware of how much nanotechnology
What is the most promising appli- already influences their lives, and
cation of nanotechnology, in your the extent to which it is already
view? present in products. An open,
informed discussion about nan-
RT Apart from some ‘low hanging otechnology is healthy, and should
fruit’, such as surfaces with new be encouraged.
functions, resolving problems that
can benefit a large part of the popu- KM Understanding is relatively low
lation, for example cancer treat- in the UK, compared to Germany
ment. and the US. There isn’t any real in-
depth analysis or discussion: the
VS The specific in vivo targeting of fear is that discussion in the press
nanoparticles (such as gold nano- will all be about safety. The public
shells, nano-rods, or drug-delivery needs an opportunity to understand
vehicles) for therapeutic purposes. what’s going on.
KM Relatively low-tech applica- SM There is generally a high aware-
tions such as anti-microbial coat- ness, but limited understanding. We
ings for fridges, or ‘super-gloss’ for are at the beginning of an arc of
cars. Self-cleaning windows, using technology development, similar to
coatings which can capture energy that of information technology in
from light and kills bacteria, are the 1950s and 1960s before the
another area. invention of the integrated circuit.
SM The applications that address JN The concept of ‘nanotechnology’
global warming - if we don't solve is generally either understated or
this problem, the game is over. New overstated. In Japan (and Asia) com-
types of solar cells, advanced fuel mercial drivers see it widely taught
cells, advanced biofuels, hydrogen in schools. The US has a general pos-
based-energy systems, and a distrib- itive approach due to its likely eco-
uted power generation and storage nomic and social impacts. In the UK
grid. nano could also play an impor- (and Europe) the societal/ethical
tant role in carbon sequestration if issues have been an ongoing debate.
and when that becomes a societal In Australia nanotechnology isn’t as
priority. widely discussed and economic and
Renzo Tomellini, head of the Nano-
technology Unit at the European Com-
mission, Brussels
social impacts are less clearly
shared.
Are governments sufficiently active
in promoting the technology?
RT Yes, both in terms of policy mak-
ing and in funding research. The
European Union 6th Framework
Programme for research and techno-
logical development has become the
foremost single funding entity for
nanotechnology at a global level.
VS Not yet. I believe that although
governments are aware of the poten-
tials of nanotechnology, these have
not been sufficiently addressed.
Ongoing initiatives include rapidly
increasing funding for nanotechnolo-
gies, and one of the effects will be fur-
ther information and dissemination of
the successes of the technology.
KM The UK government has set up
programmes in academic circles, but
I don’t see a huge amount reaching
the public.
SM It really isn't the government's
job to promote nanotechnology, but
to fund the research. Governments
have funded around $5 billion in
annual research worldwide. Howev-
er, given the huge potential of nan-
otechnology, this should continue to
increase.
JN Governments in countries such
as the UK, Germany, the US and
Japan are very active in promoting
the technology. Others have a
watching brief. The Victorian gov-
ernment in Australia is now actively
promoting nanotechnology.
Is nanotechnology likely to have a
major impact in developing coun-
tries - if so in which fields?
RT Yes, but this can positive or neg-
ative. A ‘nano divide’ or ‘technology
apartheid’ should be avoided, as
clearly pointed out by the European
Commission in its Strategy paper.
VS Yes, I believe so, and especially
in areas such as clean water and sus-
tainable energy. Another potential
field is in engineered vaccines that
retain their efficacy in extreme con-
ditions (temperature, humidity, lack
of refrigeration).
KM We are producing diesel fuel
additives which improve fuel effi-
ciency which is important for devel-
oping countries and will help to
control emissions. I think there will
be an impact in energy production,
environmental remediation and in
medicine.
SM In the areas of energy storage,
production and conversion; agricul-
tural productivity enhancement;
water treatment and remediation;
disease diagnosis and screening;
drug delivery systems; food process-
ing and storage; air pollution and
remediation; construction; health
monitoring; and vector/pest detec-
tion and control.
JN Through ultra-low cost develop-
ment of technologies for water
purification; energy generation &
storage; improved food production;
point-of-care health services; and
mobile communications.
Will the imperative for corporate
profits hinder the potential for
the technology to be widely
available?
RT From an EU research point of
view, the use of public money is ori-
ented to projects with relevance for
society as a whole and not only for
companies’ profits.
VS I don't think so. Business is in
general very good at sniffing out
opportunities for value addition and
profit creation. If there are signifi-
cant business imperatives to trans-
late the technology into practical
applications, this will occur. If not,
the technology will continue to
evolve until business finds it com-
pelling to step in.
KM I believe this will be a highly
dissipated technology, with lots of
different solutions competing. It’s
hard to see how companies could
have patent dominance.
SM It's more likely that the pursuit
of profits will ultimately drive the
wide availability of products based
on nanotechnology.
JN This is very unlikely due to the
potential application of nanotech-
nology in a broad range of areas and
sectors and improvements in cost
efficiencies.
What do you perceive as the
biggest risks involved in nan-
otechnology?
RT Ignorance. So we should not
delay research and the generation of
knowledge on matter at the
nanoscale. Eventually, risk and per-
ception of risks should coincide,
within an approach based on facts.
VS The biggest risks lie in not hav-
ing sufficiently open public discus-
sions about the potentials and pit-
falls of the technology at an early
stage.
KM The biggest risk is around new
materials being released which
haven’t had appropriate safety test-
ing. But there are already regulation
regimes in place that should prevent
this.
SM It's possible that nanotechnolo-
gy could be derailed by a situation
similar to the Genetically Modified
Organism debacle. The key to avoid-
ing this is for industry to be proac-
tive in self-regulation.
JN A lack of government, industry
and public understanding and sup-
port as well as mismanagement of
public perception - like the GM
debate.
What is the most extraordinary
(yet theoretically achievable) use
of nanotechnology that you have
come across?
RT The direct production of energy
from light and CO2 in the form of
electricity, hydrogen, methanol.
VS Tumor targeting and photother-
mal therapy with gold nanoshells.
KM Using silver to accelerate
wound recovery.
SM Creating the ultimate ‘silver
bullet’ that could seek out and selec-
tively kill cancerous cells. Or build-
ing an elevator into space (see
www.spaceelevator.com).
Dr Kevin Matthews, chief executive at
nanotechnology company Oxonica, UK
 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES
Professor Vinod Subramaniam, profes-
sor of biotechnical engineering at the
University of Twente in the Netherlands
JN Targeted drug delivery through
tailored molecules, new ‘smart’
materials and coatings, and ‘smart’
dust – individual sensors – to moni-
tor and control environmental and
health-related issues.
What is the greatest achievement
of nanotechnology already avail-
able?
RT In term of economic benefits:
lithography.
VS The scanning probe microscope
Harnessing nanotechnology for the poor
For the five billion people living in the developing world,
nanotechnology could provide a lifeline to a better
future. This is the message coming from the UN’s Millen-
nium Programme, which has identified the use of nan-
otechnology as a key strategy in tackling poverty, hunger
and disease.
BY DAVID NICHOLSON
Ten important applications for nan-
otechnology have been set out as
those most likely to bring improve-
ments to living standards in devel-
oping countries:
• Energy storage, production, and
conversion
nano can increase soil fertility and crop production, helping to reduce malnutrition
(or atomic force microscope), semi-
conductor nanocrystals for biologi-
cal imaging, protein engineering
(such as for antibody drugs).
KM Probably the Intel chip. We’re
all affected by that and it’s been an
enabler for the IT revolution.
SM The current product I like best is
self-cleaning glass.
JN Many electronics products are
now emerging; dirt-repellent sur-
faces for windows, cars and clothes;
targeted drug delivery systems; sun-
screens and cosmetics; high capacity
computer storage systems; light-
weight, high strength composite
materials.
Who would you identify as an
outstanding pioneer in the tech-
nology?
RT Europe, thanks to its traditional
strength in materials sciences.
VS The late Richard Smalley, Chad
Mirkin, Paul Alivisatos, Lou Brus,
Kinoshita, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich
Roehrer.
KM No single person stands out.
SM Dr. K. Eric Drexler is the original
• Agricultural productivity
enhancement
• Water treatment and remediation
• Disease diagnosis and screening
• Drug delivery systems
• Food processing and storage
• Air pollution and remediation
• Construction
Jane Niall, vice president for Asia/Pacif-
ic, MANCEF, Australia
pioneer. His 1986 book, Engines of
Creation, essentially started the nan-
otechnology era.
JN Richard Feynman – a theoretical
physicist – popularised the concept
of nanotechnology and Richard
Smalley, who pioneered the area of
carbon nanotubes.
How would you like to see nan-
otechnology improve your own
life?
RT Making it better, easier, safer,
healthier and longer lasting, through
a technology that is pervasive, but
never scary.
• Health monitoring
• Vector and pest detection and
control
In energy storage, production and
conversion, nanotechnology has the
potential to provide cleaner, more
affordable, more efficient and more
reliable ways to harness renewable
resources. For example, solar cells –
currently expensive and inefficient
in comparison to fossil fuels – are
already being developed using
materials such as quantum dots and
carbon nanotubes. Efficient solar-
derived energy could power the
electrolysis of water to produce
hydrogen, with nanomaterials vastly
increasing the efficiency and afford-
ability of electrolytic reactions.
Nanotubes
Storing hydrogen in carbon nan-
otubes, rather than in steel, is anoth-
er major advance: they are 100 times
stronger than steel, at one-sixth of
the weight, meaning far easier and
cheaper storage and transportation.
Nanotechnology can increase soil
fertility and crop production, helping
to reduce malnutrition. Using natural
and synthetic zeolite particles,
designed with pores of different sizes,
fertilizers, feed or drugs for livestock
can be released more efficiently,
slowly and thoroughly. Nanocapsules
can release their contents, such as
herbicides, in a slow and controlled
21
VS Nanotechnology based inhalable ogy tackle the global warming prob-
medicines; engineered protein lem, cure cancer, and slow the aging
drugs; engineered vaccines. process.
KM A new era of medical diagnos- JN The creation of highly portable
tics, which would generate signifi- low environmental impact energy
cant life improvements all around generation and storage systems,
the world. low-cost water filtration systems
and therapeutics in the regenerative
SM I would like to see nanotechnol- medicine areas.
Low temperature physics or cryogenics, is the science concerned with the pro-
duction and maintenance of temperatures much below normal, down to almost
absolute zero. Absolute zero is the temperature at which molecular activity is at
a minimum. Most processes used to reduce the temperature below this level
involve the heat energy that is associated with magnetism as seen here in a
magnet spinning and hovering above an inert substance such as barium
titanate. N anotubes are now seen as the next stage of frictionless bearings.
manner, to increase the efficiency of example, several large scale proj-
the product delivered. ects are underway, supported by the
Nanofilter systems, with intelli- National Steering Committee for
gent membranes, can filter out bac- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
teria, viruses and many other water the Nantional Nanoscience Coordi-
contaminants, while nanoporous nation Committee and eleven insti-
zeolites, attapulgite clays and tutes of the Chinese Academy,
nanoporous polymers are able to partyl funded by the Knowledge
bind organic contaminants far more Innovation Programme. Among the
efficiently than activated carbon, all projects is the production of nanos-
helping to purify water. tructured composite photocatalyst
powder, used to catalyse the
destruction of contaminants using
“ The prospect of the tech-
nology addressing the criti-
cal health, food, water and
sunlight.
Dabur Research Foundation
In India, meanwhile, a great many
energy needs of the poorest
projects are researching applications
five billion people on earth for nanotechnology, including the
is becoming real
”
Dabur Research Foundation, which is
developing nanoparticle delivery
systems for anticancer drugs. South
In addition, nanomagnets – or “mag- Africa has a similar range of research
netic nanoparticles” or “magnetic projects, focusing on developing
nanospheres” – can be coated with improved solar cells, highly active
compounds with an affinity for con- nanophase catalysts and electrocata-
taminants, to remove pollution from lysts and nanomembrane technology
water. Research into this technology for water purification, alongside
has already been carried out in Brazil, fuel-cell development, synthesis of
with a reported 100 per cent success quantum dots and nanocomposites.
rate in decontaminating water. It remains to be seen whether
global nanotechnology research will
China swing towards the needs of the
Rather than the developed world developed world, but the prospect of
taking the lead in these projects, it the technology addressing the criti-
has been the developing world itself cal health, food, water and energy
that has been at the forefront of needs of the poorest five billion peo-
much of this research. In China, for ple on earth is becoming a real one.
22 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES

NANO INVISIBILITY
Invisibility cloaks that bend light might develop using
nanotechnology, experts have been reporting.
“There are probably quite a number of useful things
you could do with stealth for the military,” said
researcher John Pendry, a physicist at Imperial College
London.
More mundane applications also include hiding
obstacles. “For example, one may wish to put a cloak
over the refinery that is blocking your view of the bay,”
said researcher David Schurig, a physicist at Duke Uni-
versity in Durham, North Carolina. Moreover, objects invisible to electromag-
netic fields are isolated from them as well. “You may want to protect some-
thing from electromagnetic interference,” he added.

Norman Childs, Greenshoots Communications

MORE EFFICIENT OIL

Nanotechnology may be able to help extract more petrol
from oil fields, according to researchers from The Univer-
sity of Queensland’s Australian Institute for Bioengineer-
ing and Nanotechnology (AIBN).
With oil companies forced to leave behind as much as
two barrels for every barrel of oil they produce, this revo-
lutionary technology could help reduce the cost of sup-
plying petrol to the market.
Known as Pepfactants, the peptide technology can con-
trol the emulsions and foams used in a wide range of indus-
try processes and could impact a range of products from A conceptual image of a laser being used in the clinical diagnostic application of Sur-
petroleum to specialty chemicals and therapeutic drugs. faced Enhanced Resonant Ramam detection technology.

Are you part of the UK’s Micro and

Nano Technology (MNT) NETWORK?
The DTI, Regional Development Agencies and the UK’s Devolved
Administrations are funding the MNT Network to enable you to
be part of the UK’s success for the future.
G Promote your products and services
G Know and be known by key partners, suppliers and customers

G Influence policy and strategy

G Benefit from free services and information

G Register today Log in to the directory and raise your profile

to customers and partners www.mnt-directory.org

G Get connected Join FORUM and be part of the dialogue

in the UK’s web-based ‘one-stop-shop’ for MNT activity

E-mail the MNT Network today on mntnetwork@pera.com
or call 0151 794 8070 (24hr answerphone service).

Collaborating for the future

 AN INDEPENDENT SUPPLEMENT FROM MEDIAPLANET ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY, DISTRIBUTED IN THE TIMES 23

You have (na)no idea…
I am a member of the public, I am not a sci-
entist. Six months ago I knew nothing about
this field, this technology.
BY PAUL ETTINGER
It took me many weeks and a chance
encounter with a hyperactive nano
obsessive-compulsive with 16 years
worth of research stuffed into two
suitcases, to translate the layers of
scientific matter and understand this
technology for what it is: world
changing. No person will be unaf-
fected, no industry will remain
unchanged and no country out of its
reach.
Matter at hand
With nanotechnology we’re talking
about manipulating matter at the
nanoscale, matter that’s been
around since the dawn of time, and
that we now have the tools to see
and manipulate at this minute scale.
As a result materials can be made
much more effective, which will
allow for staggering advances across
all industrial sectors.
to compete if they notice and adopt
rapidly. Those that do not face rapid
obsolescence and decline.”
So, in the last few years much has
changed. New standards are being
set, new safety measures taken. An
years will print whatever product it entirely new infrastructure is being
is you want ordered from the inter- created behind the scenes. Lines of
net, direct to a 3D printer in your communications between universi-
home or your office. I’ve held in my ties and business, between govern-
hands the plastic moulds this tech- ment and science are being put in
nology currently allows to be print- place. A universal nano language
ed three dimensionally. between the differing sciences needs
to be established. All these disparate
Disruptive sectors need to unite so that the bil-
Nanotechnology is what’s known as lions invested bear fruit, and we see
a disruptive technology, it’s a means the benefits and breakthroughs, and
of manufacturing that runs along- the technology achieves a fluid and
side the current means of manufac- safe transition to the mainstream.
turing, that in years to come will
phase out what we know. The ripple Addressing the public
effect will create a seismic shift, a Why then, do so few people under-
revolution in technology like none stand what is happening in nan-
we have seen or will see again in our otechnology? What little informa-
lifetime. Put simply, the world’s tion the media has provided has
major issues can be addressed and been misrelated and largely erro-
positive change effected in terms of
environment, health, longevity of
life, clean water solutions, and qual-
Norman Childs, Greenshoots Communications
NEWS IN BRIEF
neous. Prince Charles’ press secre-
tary informs me that he never called
nano ‘grey goo’, and is in fact con-
ducting his own research into it.
Why has no dialogue with the
public been set up? Surely the public
needs to be informed responsibly
and honestly. Otherwise, how can
we embrace this technology once it
comes to the fore?
In conclusion nano needs a trusted
media partner, to bridge the gulf
between the technology, its implica-
tions and the general public. As the
publisher of two nano supplements
and more importantly as a member of
the public who wants to know much Death be not proud
more, I would like to be that bridge, At the recent Singularity Summit at
and through these supplements, Stanford University in the US, Ray
online, and a series of nano pro- Kurzweil made the following radical
grammes and a feature length docu- prediction for the 21st century:
mentary (page 5) that Mediaplanet “Human aging and illness will be
are supporting I will endeavour to reversed; pollution will be stopped;
introduce this new world in an honest world hunger and poverty will be
un-sensational manner. I will take solved. Nanotechnology will make it
you from the back page, back stage. possible to create virtually any
physical product using inexpensive
information processes, and will ulti-
mately turn even death into a solu-

Scrutinise this publication to find
examples of what we are seeing,
what we will see: digital papers
whose pages will be like ultra-thin
LCD screens that can clear each day
and be updated via blue tooth with
that day’s news, printers that will
print tailor made drugs in the doc-
tor’s surgery, and print three dimen-
sional bio-degradable skin for burns
victims, materials that will help
drugs to be delivered within the
body accurately and with no side
effects, chips that will cure blind-
ness, fuels emitting less pollutants.
I’ve seen the prototypes for 3D print-
ing machines that in the coming
ity of life in developing countries. ble problem.”
It is very important that we are
prepared for the arrival of this
technology.
A few years ago, when other coun-
tries were far ahead of the UK in their
nano development, the DTI in a
report entitled New Dimensions in
Manufacturing: A UK Strategy for
Nanotechnology (June 2002) said
“Disruptive technologies can also What is nanotechnology?
enable whole new classes of products Nanotechnology describes the cre-
and markets not previously feasible, ation and use of materials, devices
such as portable computing, mobile A conceptual image of plasma, one of the four states of matter, where gases that are and systems with novel functions
phones or digital imaging. New heated to the point where they begin to release electrons. Although plasma occurs and properties that are based either
industries and new companies grow, naturally on the sun and other stars, it is artificially produced in fluorescent lights on geometrical size or on the materi-
and existing companies can continue and plasma displays by electrically charging a gas in order to release ultraviolet light. al-specific peculiarities of nano-
structures.
Geometrically the prefix nano
(Greek for “dwarf”) describes a scale

EU support for nano 1,000 times smaller than a microme-

ter, or a millionth part of a millime-
ter. To put this size in perspective, a
sheet of normal paper is 100,000
nanometers, a typical circuit line on
a computer chip is 1,000 nanome-
Announcing that its support for research and development including a range of measures ters, a virus is 100 nanometers and a
into nanotechnology is to leap from 1.3 billion in the last designed to help small and medium hydrogen atom is one-tenth of a
programme up to 4.8 billion in the next programme, the sized enterprises (SMEs), such as the nanometer.
NanoRoadMap and Nanoroad SME, New instruments and procedures
European Union confirmed its commitment to this vital where funding agencies and other have enabled scientists and
area of scientific exploration. means of support are identified. A researchers to work at this very small
website – www.nanoforum.org – has scale, through improving microscopic
BY DAVID NICHOLSON
also be established to help EU busi- imaging for example. Computer sys-
nesses involved in nanotechnology. tems which can calculate the interac-
“Nanotechnology is an area which 1007 until 2013, with a total budget In medicine, a series of high-level tion of molecules and nanoparticles,
has highly promising prospects for of 72.73 billion, far higher than the conferences have been held to explore and create simulations of how they
turning fundamental research into previous total budget of 17.5 billion. how nanotechnology can best be will behave, have contributed to the
successful innovations,” says Euro- Within nanotechnology, two plat- developed in the EU and how its citi- The seventh EU scientific programme will advance of the technology.
pean Commissioner for Science & forms for research have already been zens will be able to benefit. “An aging last from 1007 until 2013, with a total In many areas of nanotechnology,
Research Janez Potonik. “Not only to established: nanoelectronics and population, high expectations of budget of 72.73 billion the advances that have been possible
boost the competitiveness of our nanomedicine, with a third platform quality of life and the changing are due to the way that nanoparticles
industry but also to create new prod- for sustainable chemistry (known as lifestyle of European society lead to a behave differently from larger parti-
ucts that will make positive changes SusChem) encompassing nanomate- need for improved, more efficient and tioning of the human body at the cles of the same substance. Harnessing
in the lives of our citizens, be it in rials within one of its sections. affordable medical care,” states Euro- nano-level together with discovering these differences in behaviour has
medicine, environment, electronics A series of other initiatives are NanoForum’s report on Nanotechnol- how to intervene at pre-symptomatic been the main task of nanotechnology
or any other field.” This seventh EU also promoting and supporting work ogy and the Health of the EU Citizen and acute or chronic stages of an ill- and promises to make very major dif-
scientific programme will last from in nanotechnology in Europe, in 2020. “Understanding the func- ness is of utmost importance.” ferences to all our lives.
THE BIG
MICRO NANO EVENT
Melbourne, world famous for its wineries, golf courses and stunning scenery, is hosting a very big event,
the 12th international COMS Conference on the Commercialisation of Micro and Nano systems.
This will be the first time this premier international event will be held in the Asia-Pacific region.
The Melbourne COMS2007 conference brings together world leaders within the field and showcases
Australia’s dynamic nanotechnology community, local facilities and unique partnering opportunities.
Register your interest: mancefcoms2007aust@iird.vic.gov.au

MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA
2 - 6 SEPTEMBER 2007