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Topic 1 – Stoichiometric relationships WS – CORE

1. What is the sum of all coefficients when the following equation is balanced using the smallest possible whole numbers?

__ C2H2 + __O2 → __CO2 + __H2O

A. 5 B. 7 C. 11 D. 13

3
2. 1.7 g of NaNO3 (Mr = 85) is dissolved in water to prepare 0.20 dm of solution. What is the concentration of the resulting
–3
solution in mol dm ?

A. 0.01 B. 0.1 C. 0.2 D. 1.0

–3 23 –1
3. How many molecules are present in a drop of ethanol, C2H5OH, of mass 2.3 × 10 g? (L = 6.0 × 10 mol )

19 20
A. 3.0 × 10 B. 3.0 × 10

20 26
C. 6.0 × 10 D. 6.0 × 10

4. Which sample has the greatest mass?

A. 1 mol of SO2 B. 2 mol of N2O

C. 2 mol of Ar D. 4 mol of NH3

5. The relative molecular mass of a gas is 56 and its empirical formula is CH2. What is the molecular formula of the gas?

A. CH2 B. C2H4 C. C3H6 D. C4H8

6. Ethanol is used as a component in fuel for some vehicles. One fuel mixture contains 10 % by mass of ethanol in unleaded
petrol (gasoline). This mixture is often referred to as Gasohol E10.

(a) Assume that the other 90 % by mass of Gasohol E10 is octane. 1.00 kg of this fuel mixture was burned.

O –1
CH3CH2OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) ∆H = –1367 kJ mol

O –1
C8H18(l) + 12 O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 9H2O(l) ∆H = –5470 kJ mol

(i) Calculate the mass, in g, of ethanol and octane in 1.00 kg of the fuel mixture.

...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Calculate the amount, in mol, of ethanol and octane in 1.00 kg of the fuel mixture.

...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (1)
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(iii) Calculate the total amount of energy, in kJ, released when 1.00 kg of the fuel mixture is completely burned.

ENERGETICS

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(b) If the fuel blend was vaporized before combustion, predict whether the amount of energy released would be
greater, less or the same. Explain your answer.

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...................................................................................................................................... (2)
(Total 7 marks)

7. What mass, in g, of hydrogen is formed when 3 mol of aluminium react with excess hydrochloric acid according to the
following equation?

2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)

A. 3.0 B. 4.5 C. 6.0 D. 9.0

8. What is the total number of hydrogen atoms in 1.0 mol of benzamide, C6H5CONH2?

23 24 24
A. 7 B. 6.0 × 10 C. 3.0 × 10 D. 4.2 × 10

9. What is the sum of the coefficients for the equation when balanced using the smallest possible whole numbers?

__N2H4(g) + __O2(g) → __NO2(g) + __H2O(g)

A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8

10. Chloroethene, C2H3Cl, reacts with oxygen according to the equation below.

2C2H3Cl(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + 2HCl(g)

What is the amount, in mol, of H2O produced when 10.0 mol of C2H3Cl and 10.0 mol of O2 are mixed together, and the
above reaction goes to completion?

A. 4.00 B. 8.00 C. 10.0 D. 20.0

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11. A fixed mass of gas has a certain volume at a temperature of 50 °C. What temperature is required to double its volume
while keeping the pressure constant?

A. 100 K B. 323 K C. 373 K D. 646 K

–3 3 –3 3
12. What is the concentration of NaCl, in mol dm , when 10.0 cm of 0.200 mol dm NaCl solution is added to 30.0 cm of
–3
0.600 mol dm NaCl solution?

A. 0.450 B. 0.300 C. 0.500 D. 0.800

13. Which amount of the following compounds contains the least number of ions?

A. 2 mol of NaOH B. 1 mol of NH4Cl

C. 2 mol of CaCl2 D. 1 mol of Al2O3

–1
14. What is the approximate molar mass, in g mol , of MgSO4•7H2O?

A. 120 B. 130 C. 138 D. 246

15. Which is both an empirical and a molecular formula?

A. C5H12 B. C5H10 C. C4H8 D. C4H10

16. 12 molecules of hydrogen gas, H2(g), and 5 molecules of oxygen gas, O2(g), were mixed together under conditions which
allowed the reaction to go to completion, according to the following equation.

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)

The following diagram represents the mixture of reactants.

Which diagram represents the reaction mixture when the reaction was complete?

A. B.

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C. D.

17. Brass is a copper containing alloy with many uses. An analysis is carried out to determine the percentage of copper
present in three identical samples of brass. The reactions involved in this analysis are shown below.

+ 2+
Step 1: Cu(s) + 2HNO3(aq) + 2H (aq) → Cu (aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

– 2+
Step 2: 4I (aq) + 2Cu (aq) → 2CuI(s) + I2(aq)

2– – 2–
Step 3: I2(aq) + 2S2O3 (aq) → 2I (aq) + S4O6 (aq)

(a) (i) Deduce the change in the oxidation numbers of copper and nitrogen in step 1. REDOX

Copper: ...........................................................................................................................

Nitrogen: ........................................................................................................................... (2)

(ii) Identify the oxidizing agent in step 1. REDOX

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) A student carried out this experiment three times, with three identical small brass nails, and obtained the
following results.

Mass of brass = 0.456 g ± 0.001 g

Titre 1 2 3
–3 2– 3 0.00 0.00 0.00
Initial volume of 0.100 mol dm S2O3 (± 0.05 cm )
–3 2– 3 28.50 28.60 28.40
Final volume of 0.100 mol dm S2O3 (± 0.05 cm )
–3 2– 3 28.50 28.60 28.40
Volume added of 0.100 mol dm S2O3 (± 0.10 cm )
–3 2– 3 28.50
Average volume added of 0.100 mol dm S2O3 (± 0.10 cm )

2–
(i) Calculate the average amount, in mol, of S2O3 added in step 3.

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(ii) Calculate the amount, in mol, of copper present in the brass.

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........................................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) Calculate the mass of copper in the brass.

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(iv) Calculate the percentage by mass of copper in the brass.

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(v) The manufacturers claim that the sample of brass contains 44.2 % copper by mass.
Determine the percentage error in the result.

...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (1)

(c) With reference to its metallic structure, describe how brass conducts electricity. BONDING

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...................................................................................................................................... (1)
(Total 10 marks)

18. What is the coefficient of Fe3O4 when the following equation is balanced using the lowest whole numbers?

__ Al(s) + __ Fe3O4(s) → __ Al2O3(s) + __ Fe(s)

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

19. What is the mass, in g, of one molecule of ethane, C2H6?

–23 –23 25
A. 3.0 × 10 B. 5.0 × 10 C. 30 D. 1.8 × 10

20. Which molecular formula is also an empirical formula?

A. PCl3 B. C2H4 C. H2O2 D. C6H12O6

21. Which of the following is consistent with Avogadro’s law?

A. = constant (V, n constant) B. = constant (P, n constant)

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C. Vn = constant (P, T constant) D. = constant (P, T constant)

22. The percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshell was determined by adding excess hydrochloric acid to ensure
that all the calcium carbonate had reacted. The excess acid left was then titrated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

3 –3
(a) A student added 27.20 cm of 0.200 mol dm HCl to 0.188 g of eggshell. Calculate the amount, in mol, of HCl
added.

......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... (1)

3 –3
(b) The excess acid requires 23.80 cm of 0.100 mol dm NaOH for neutralization.
Calculate the amount, in mol, of acid that is in excess.

......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... (1)

(c) Determine the amount, in mol, of HCl that reacted with the calcium carbonate in the eggshell.

......................................................................................................................................

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(d) State the equation for the reaction of HCl with the calcium carbonate in the eggshell. ACIDS AND BASES

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...................................................................................................................................... (2)

(e) Determine the amount, in mol, of calcium carbonate in the sample of the eggshell.

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(f) Calculate the mass and the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in the eggshell sample.

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(g) Deduce one assumption made in arriving at the percentage of calcium carbonate in the eggshell sample.

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......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... (1)
(Total 11 marks)

23. 6.0 mol of aluminium reacts with oxygen to form aluminium oxide. What is the amount of oxygen, in mol, needed for
complete reaction?

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)

A. 1.5 B. 3.0 C. 4.5 D. 6.0

24. What is the total number of nitrogen atoms in two mol of NH4NO3?

23 24 24
A. 4 B. 6.02 × 10 C. 1.20 × 10 D. 2.41 × 10

–1
25. On analysis, a compound with molar mass 60 g mol was found to contain 12 g of carbon, 2 g of hydrogen and 16 g of
oxygen. What is the molecular formula of the compound?

A. CH2O B. CH4O C. C2H4O D. C2H4O2

26. Equal masses of the metals Na, Mg, Ca and Ag are added to separate samples of excess HCl(aq).
Which metal produces the greatest total volume of H2(g)?

A. Na B. Mg C. Ca D. Ag

27. The graph below represents the relationship between two variables in a fixed amount of gas.

Which variables could be represented by each axis?

x-axis y-axis
A. pressure temperature
B. volume temperature

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C. pressure volume
D. temperature volume

3
28. 8.5 g of NH3 are dissolved in H2O to prepare a 500 cm solution. Which statements are correct?

I. NH3 is the solute and H2O is the solution

–3
II. The concentration of the solution is 17 g dm

–3
III. [NH3] = 1.0 mol dm

A. I and II only B. I and III only

C. II and III only D. I, II and III

29. Consider the following sequence of reactions.

RCH3 RCH2Br RCH2OH RCOOH

RCH3 is an unknown alkane in which R represents an alkyl group.

(a) The alkane contains 81.7 % by mass of carbon. Determine its empirical formula, showing your working.

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(b) Equal volumes of carbon dioxide and the unknown alkane are found to have the same mass, measured to an
accuracy of two significant figures, at the same temperature and pressure. Deduce the molecular formula of the
alkane.

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(Total 4 marks)

3 3 –3
30. 300 cm of water is added to a solution of 200 cm of 0.5 mol dm sodium chloride. What is the concentration of
sodium chloride in the new solution?

–3 –3
A. 0.05 mol dm B. 0.1 mol dm
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–3 –3
C. 0.2 mol dm D. 0.3 mol dm

–1
31. The molar mass of a compound is approximately 56 g mol . Which formula is possible for this compound?

A. NaNO3 B. AgOH C. MgO D. KOH

32. Which compound has the empirical formula with the largest mass?

A. C2H6 B. C2H4 C. C2H2 D. C3H6

33. What is the coefficient for O2(g) when the equation for the combustion of 1 mole of pentane is balanced?

C5H12(g) + _O2(g) → _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)

A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 16

34. What is the maximum mass, in g, of magnesium oxide that can be obtained from the reaction of oxygen with 2.4 g of
magnesium?

A. 2.4 B. 3.0 C. 4.0 D. 5.6

3 3
35. 5 dm of carbon monoxide, CO(g), and 2 dm of oxygen, O2(g), at the same temperature and pressure are mixed
together. Assuming complete reaction according to the equation given, what is the maximum volume of carbon dioxide,
3
CO2(g), in dm , that can be formed?

2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7

36. Which statement about solutions is correct?

A. When vitamin D dissolves in fat, vitamin D is the solvent and fat is the solute.

B. In a solution of NaCl in water, NaCl is the solute and water is the solvent.

C. An aqueous solution consists of water dissolved in a solute.

3
D. The concentration of a solution is the amount of solvent dissolved in 1 dm of solution.

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37. Biodiesel makes use of plants’ ability to fix atmospheric carbon by photosynthesis.
Many companies and individuals are now using biodiesel as a fuel in order to reduce their carbon footprint. Biodiesel can
be synthesized from vegetable oil according to the following reaction.

(a) Identify the organic functional group present in both vegetable oil and biodiesel. ORGANIC

...................................................................................................................................... (1)

(b) For part of her extended essay investigation into the efficiency of the process, a student reacted a pure sample of a
vegetable oil (where R = C17H33) with methanol.
The raw data recorded for the reaction is below.

Mass of oil = 1013.0 g

Mass of methanol = 200.0 g
Mass of sodium hydroxide = 3.5 g
Mass of biodiesel produced = 811.0 g

The relative molecular mass of the oil used by the student is 885.6. Calculate the amount (in moles) of the oil and
the methanol used, and hence the amount (in moles) of excess methanol.

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(e) Calculate the percentage yield of biodiesel obtained in this process.

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(2)

(f) When biodiesel is combusted it produces carbon dioxide. Explain why the use of biodiesel as a fuel does not
significantly contribute to global warming.
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......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 14 marks)

2+
38. The percentage of iron(II) ions, Fe , in a vitamin tablet can be estimated by dissolving the tablet in dilute sulfuric acid
and titrating with standard potassium manganate(VII) solution, KMnO4(aq). During the process iron(II) is oxidized to
2+
iron(III) and the manganate(VII) ion is reduced to the manganese(II) ion, Mn (aq). It was found that one tablet with a
3 –2 –3
mass of 1.43 g required 11.6 cm of 2.00 × 10 mol dm KMnO4(aq) to reach the end-point.

(a) (i) State the half-equation for the oxidation of the iron(II) ions. REDOX

........................................................................................................................... (1)

–
(ii) State the half-equation for the reduction of the MnO4 ions in acidic solution. REDOX

........................................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) Deduce the overall redox equation for the reaction. REDOX

........................................................................................................................... (1)

– 3
(b) (i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of MnO4 ions present in 11.6 cm of
–2 –3
2.00 × 10 mol dm KMnO4(aq).

...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (1)

2+
(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of Fe ions present in the vitamin tablet.

...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (1)

2+
(iii) Determine the percentage by mass of Fe ions present in the vitamin tablet.

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........................................................................................................................... (2)
(Total 7 marks)

39. What is the number of oxygen atoms in one mole of CuSO4•5H2O?

23 24
A. 5 B. 9 C. 6.0 × 10 D. 5.4 × 10

40. Which sample has the greatest mass?

25
A. 6.0 × 10 molecules of hydrogen B. 5.0 mol of neon atoms

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24 2
C. 1.2 × 10 atoms of silver D. 1.7 × 10 g of iron

3 3 3
41. What volume of sulfur trioxide, in cm , can be prepared using 40 cm sulfur dioxide and 20 cm oxygen gas by the
following reaction? Assume all volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.

2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)

A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80

42. Which sample of nitrogen gas, N2, contains the greatest number of nitrogen molecules?

3 5
A. 1.4 g N2 B. 1.4 dm of N2 at 1.01 × 10 Pa and 273 K

23
C. 1.4 × 10 N2 molecules D. 1.4 mol N2

43. Aspirin, one of the most widely used drugs in the world, can be prepared according to the equation given below.

(a) State the names of the three organic functional groups in aspirin. ORGANIC

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(b) A student reacted some salicylic acid with excess ethanoic anhydride. Impure solid aspirin was obtained by filtering
the reaction mixture. Pure aspirin was obtained by recrystallization. The following table shows the data recorded
by the student.

Mass of salicylic acid used 3.15 ± 0.02 g

Mass of pure aspirin obtained 2.50 ± 0.02 g

(i) Determine the amount, in mol, of salicylic acid, C6H4(OH)COOH, used.

...........................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (2)

(ii) Calculate the theoretical yield, in g, of aspirin, C6H4(OCOCH3)COOH.

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(iii) Determine the percentage yield of pure aspirin.

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(iv) State the number of significant figures associated with the mass of pure aspirin obtained, and calculate the
percentage uncertainty associated with this mass.

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........................................................................................................................... (2)

(v) Another student repeated the experiment and obtained an experimental yield of 150 %. The teacher
checked the calculations and found no errors. Comment on the result.

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........................................................................................................................... (1)
(Total 11 marks)

44. Smog is common in cities throughout the world. One component of smog is PAN (peroxyacylnitrate) which consists of
20.2 % C, 11.4 % N, 65.9 % O and 2.50 % H by mass.
Determine the empirical formula of PAN, showing your working.

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(Total 3 marks)

45. Which non-metal forms an oxide XO2 with a relative molecular mass of 60?

A. C B. N C. Si D. S

46. How many oxygen atoms are there in 0.20 mol of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH?

23 23
A. 1.2 × 10 B. 2.4 × 10

24 24
C. 3.0 × 10 D. 6.0 × 10

47. 4.00 mol of a hydrocarbon with an empirical formula of CH2 has a mass of 280 g. What is the molecular formula of this
compound?

A. C2H4 B. C3H6 C. C4H8 D. C5H10

–3
48. What will be the concentration of sulfate ions in mol dm when 0.20 mol of KAl(SO4)2 is dissolved in water to give 100
3
cm of aqueous solution?

A. 0.2 B. 1.0 C. 2.0 D. 4.0

3 3
49. The volume of an ideal gas at 27.0 °C is increased from 3.00 dm to 6.00 dm . At what temperature, in °C, will the gas
have the original pressure?

A. 13.5 B. 54.0 C. 327 D. 600

50. The data below is from an experiment used to determine the percentage of iron present in a sample of iron ore. This
2+
sample was dissolved in acid and all of the iron was converted to Fe . The resulting solution was titrated with a standard
–
solution of potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4. This procedure was carried out three times. In acidic solution, MnO4
2+ 2+ 3+
reacts with Fe ions to form Mn and Fe and the end point is indicated by a slight pink colour.

titre 1 2 3
3 1.00 23.60 10.00
initial burette reading / cm
3 24.60 46.10 32.50
Final burette reading / cm

Mass of iron ore / g –1

3.682 × 10
–3 –2
concentration of KMnO4 solution / mol dm 2.152 × 10

(a) Deduce the balanced redox equation for this reaction in acidic solution. REDOX

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......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... (2)

(b) Identify the reducing agent in the reaction. REDOX

...................................................................................................................................... (1)

–
(c) Calculate the amount, in moles, of MnO4 used in the titration.

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–1
(d) Calculate the amount, in moles, of Fe present in the 3.682 × 10 g sample of iron ore.

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–1
(e) Determine the percentage by mass of Fe present in the 3.682 × 10 g sample of iron ore.

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...................................................................................................................................... (2)
(Total 9 marks)

51. Which coefficients would balance this equation?

__ MnO2 + __ HCl → __ MnCl2 + __ Cl2 + __ H2O

MnO2 HCl MnCl2 Cl2 H2O

A. 1 2 1 1 1
B. 1 3 1 1 1
C. 1 4 1 1 2
D. 1 4 1 2 2

3
52. What volume of carbon dioxide, in dm under standard conditions, is formed when 7.00 g of ethene (C2H4, Mr = 28.1)
undergoes complete combustion?

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A. B.

C. D.

53. How many hydrogen atoms are in one mole of ethanol, C2H5OH?

23 24
A. 1.00×10 B. 3.61×10 C. 5.00 D. 6.00

54. What is the coefficient for H2SO4(aq) when the following equation is balanced, using the smallest possible integers?

__Mg3N2(s) + __H2SO4(aq) → __MgSO4(aq) + __(NH4)2SO4(aq)

A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 7

55. Air bags in cars inflate when sodium azide decomposes to form sodium and nitrogen:

2NaN3(s) → 2Na(s) + 3N2(g)

Calculate the amount, in moles, of nitrogen gas produced by the decomposition of 2.52 mol of NaN3(s).

A. 1.68 B. 2.52 C. 3.78 D. 7.56

3 –3 3 –3
56. What volume, in cm , of 0.200 mol dm HCl(aq) is required to neutralize 25.0 cm of 0.200 mol dm Ba(OH)2(aq)?

A. 12.5 B. 25.0 C. 50.0 D. 75.0

57. 0.600 mol of aluminium hydroxide is mixed with 0.600 mol of sulfuric acid, and the following reaction occurs:

2Al(OH)3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6H2O(l)

(a) Determine the limiting reactant.

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..................................................................................................................................... (2)

(b) Calculate the mass of Al2(SO4)3 produced.

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.....................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... (2)

(c) Determine the amount (in mol) of excess reactant that remains.

.....................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... (1)

(d) Define a Brønsted-Lowry acid and a Lewis base. ACIDS AND BASES

Brønsted-Lowry acid

.....................................................................................................................................

Lewis base

..................................................................................................................................... (2)

(e) H2SO4(aq) is a strong acid. State the name and the formula of any weak acid. ACIDS AND BASES

.....................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... (1)
(Total 8 marks)

5
58. A toxic gas, A, consists of 53.8 % nitrogen and 46.2 % carbon by mass. At 273 K and 1.01×10 Pa, 1.048 g of A occupies
3
462 cm . Determine the empirical formula of A. Calculate the molar mass of the compound and determine its molecular
structure.

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(Total 3 marks)

Topic 1 – Stoichiometric relationships WS – CORE – MARK SCHEME

1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D

6. (a) (i) (10 % 1000 g =) 100 g ethanol and (90 % 1000 g =) 900 g octane; 1

(ii) n(ethanol) = 2.17 mol and n(octane) = 7.88 mol; 1

(iii) Ereleased from ethanol = (2.17 × 1367) = 2966 (kJ);

Ereleased from octane = (7.88 × 5470) = 43104 (kJ);
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4
total energy released = (2966 + 43104) = 4.61 × 10 (kJ); 3
Award [3] for correct final answer. Accept answers using whole numbers for molar masses and rounding.

(b) greater;
fewer intermolecular bonds/forces to break / vaporization is
endothermic / gaseous fuel has greater enthalpy than liquid fuel / OWTTE; 2
M2 cannot be scored if M1 is incorrect.
[7]

7. D 9. D 11. D 13. B 15. A

8. D 10. A 12. C 14. D 16. A

17. (a) (i) Copper: 0 to +2 / increases by 2 / +2 / 2+;
Allow zero/nought for 0.

Nitrogen: +5 to +4 / decreases by 1 / –1 / 1–;

+
Penalize missing + sign or incorrect notation such as 2+, 2 or II, once only. 2

–
(ii) nitric acid/HNO3 / NO3 /nitrate;
Allow nitrogen from nitric acid/nitrate but not just nitrogen. 1

–3
(b) (i) 0.100 × 0.0285; 2.85 × 10 (mol);
Award [2] for correct final answer. 2

–3
(ii) 2.85 × 10 (mol); 1

–3
(iii) (63.55 × 2.85 × 10 ) = 0.181 g;
Allow 63.5. 1

(iv) 39.7 % 1

(v) 10/10.2 %;
Allow 11.3 % i.e. percentage obtained in (iv) is used to divide instead of 44.2 %. 1

(c) Brass has: delocalized electrons / sea of mobile electrons / sea of electrons free to move;
No mark for just “mobile electrons”. 1
[10]

18. B 19. B 20. A 21. D

–3 3 –3
22. (a) n(HCl)(= 0.200 mol dm × 0.02720 dm ) = 0.00544 / 5.44 × 10 (mol); 1

–3 3 –3
(b) n(HCl) excess (= 0.100 mol dm × 0.02380 dm ) = 0.00238 / 2.38 × 10 (mol);

Penalize not dividing by 1000 once only in (a) and (b). 1

–3
(c) n(HCl) reacted (= 0.00544 – 0.00238) = 0.00306 / 3.06 × 10 (mol); 1

(d) 2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) /

+ 2+
2H (aq) + CaCO3(s) → Ca (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g);
Award [1] for correct reactants and products. Award [1] if this equation correctly balanced.
Award [1 max] for the following equations:
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) → CaCl2(aq) + H2CO3(aq)

18
SDIS
DP CHEMISTRY
+ 2+
2H (aq) + CaCO3(s) → Ca (aq) + H2CO3(aq)
Ignore state symbols. 2

–3
(e) n(CaCO3) = ( n(HCl)) = × 0.00306; = 0.00153 / 1.53 × 10 (mol);
Award [2] for correct final answer. 2

–1
(f) Mr(CaCO3) (= 40.08 + 12.01 + 3 × 16.00) = 100.09 /100.1 / M = 100.09 /100.1 (g mol );
Accept 100.

–1
m(CaCO3)(= nM) = 0.00153 (mol) × 100.09 (g mol ) = 0.153 (g);

%CaCO3 = 81.4 % / 81.5 %

Accept answers in the range 79.8 to 81.5 %. Award [3] for correct final answer. 3

(g) only CaCO3 reacts with acid / impurities are inert/non-basic / impurities do not react with the acid / nothing else in the eggshell
reacts with acid / no other carbonates;
Do not accept “all calcium carbonate reacts with acid”. 1
[11]

23. C 25. D 27. C

24. D 26. B 28. C

29. (a) nC = = 6.80 and nH = = 18.1; ratio of 1: 2.67 /1: 2.7; C3H8;
No penalty for using 12 and 1. 3

(b) C3H8; 1
[4]

30. C 32. A 34. C 36. B

31. D 33. C 35. B

37. (a) ester; 1

(b) amount of oil = = 1.144 mol; amount of methanol = = 6.240 mol;

since three mol of methanol react with one mol of vegetable oil the
amount of excess methanol = 6.204 – (3 × 1.144) = 2.808 mol; 3

(e) (relative molecular mass of biodiesel, C9H36O2 = 296.55) maximum yield of biodiesel = 3.432 mol / 1018 g;

percentage yield = × 100 = 79.67 %;

Allow 80 % for percentage yield. 2

(f) the carbon dioxide was absorbed by plants initially so there is no net increase / vegetable oil is not a fossil fuel / vegetable oil is
formed from (atmospheric) carbon dioxide / OWTTE; 1
[14]
2+ 3+ –
38. (a) (i) Fe → Fe +e ; 1

– + – 2+
(ii) MnO4 + 8H + 5e → Mn + 4H2O; 1

– 2+ + 2+ 3+
(iii) MnO4 + 5Fe + 8H → Mn + 5Fe 4H2O;

19
SDIS
DP CHEMISTRY
–
Accept e instead of e . 1

– –4
(b) (i) amount of MnO4 = × 0.0200 = 2.32 × 10 mol; 1

2+ –4 –3
(ii) amount of Fe = 5 × 2.32 × 10 = 1.16 × 10 mol; 1

2+ –3 –2
(iii) mass of Fe = 55.85 × 1.16 × 10 = 6.48 × 10 g;

2+
percentage of Fe in tablet = × 100 = 4.53 %; 2
[7]

39. D 40. C 41. B 42. D

43. (a) carboxylic acid / carboxyl; ester;

Do not allow carbonyl / acid / ethanoate / formula(–COOH).

aryl group / benzene ring / phenyl; 3

–2
(b) (i) Mr(C7H6O3) = 138.13; n= 2.28 × 10 (mol);
Award [2] for the correct final answer. 2

–2
(ii) Mr(C9H8O4) = 180.17; m = (180.17 × 2.28 × 10 =) 4.11(g);
Accept range 4.10–4.14 Award [2] for the correct final answer. 2

(iii) (percentage yield = × 100 =) 60.8 %;

Accept 60–61 %. 1

(iv) 3; (percentage uncertainty = × 100 =) 0.80 %;

Allow 0.8 % 2

(v) sample contaminated with ethanoic acid / aspirin not dry / impure sample;
Accept specific example of a systematic error. Do not accept error in reading balance/weighing scale. Do not accept
yield greater than 100 %. 1
[11]

44. C N O H
20.2 11.4 65.9 2.50
12.01 14.01 16.00 1.01
= 1.68 = 0.814 = 4.12 = 2.48 ;

=2 =1 =5 =3 ; C2NO5H3;

No penalty for use of 12, 1 and/or 14.

Award [1 max] if the empirical formula is correct, but no working shown. 3
[3]

45. C 46. B 47. D 48. D 49. C

– 2+ + 2+ 3+
50. (a) MnO4 (aq) + 5Fe (aq) + 8H (aq) → Mn (aq) + 5Fe (aq) + 4H2O(l)
+
Award [2] if correctly balanced. Award [1] for correctly placing H and H2O.
Award [1 max] for correct balanced equation but with electrons shown. Ignore state symbols. 2

2+
(b) Fe / iron(II);

20
SDIS
DP CHEMISTRY
Do not accept iron. 1

–2 –2 –4
(c) n = 2.152 × 10 × 2.250 × 10 ; 4.842 × 10 (mol);
Award [1] for correct volume Award [1] for correct calculation. 2

– 2+ –4 –3
(d) 1 mol of MnO4 reacts with 5 mol of Fe ; 5 × 4.842 × 10 = 2.421 × 10 (mol);
(same number of moles of Fe in the iron ore)
Allow ECF from part (a) and (c) provided some mention of mole ratio is stated. 2

–3
(e) 2.421 × 10 × 55.85 = 0.1352(g); × 100 = 36.72 %;
Allow ECF from part (d). 2
[9]

51. C 53. B 55. C

52. D 54. C 56. C

57. (a) 0.600 mol Al(OH)3 ≡ (1.5)(0.600) mol H2SO4/0.900 mol H2SO4 needed, but only 0.600 mol used;

H2SO4 limiting reactant; 2

Some working must be shown in order to score the second point.

(b) 0.200 mol Al2(SO4)3; 68.4(g); 2

Penalize incorrect units.

(c) 0.200 mol; 1

Use ECF from (a).

+
(d) A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a proton/H donor; A Lewis base is an electron-pair donor; 2

(e) H2CO3 and carbonic acid / CH3COOH and ethanoic acid; 1

Accept any other weak acid and correct formula.
[8]
58. empirical formula = CN;
Working must be shown to get point.

–1
Mr = 51.9 (g mol );
:N C⎯C N:; 3
[3]

21