Unit 2

International design
Grammar Past Simple; Present Perfect Simple and Present
Perfect Continuous
INTRODUCTION

1 □ Work in pairs. Look at the buildings below. Discuss which ones you like. What do you think they are used for?

2 non- synchronous Read about who designed one of the buildings. Answer the questions below.
On August 19, 1997, Real Estate Developers were born in the city of Guayaquil - Pronobis S.A. with a
generation of ideas and creativity. Its main objective has been the urban development of the different cities of our
country.
Pronobis is part of the Real Estate unit of the Nobis Consortium and is a leading company in the Ecuadorian
real estate market. It has been a unique force in developing cities within cities. All of these, Pronobis has achieved
through innovative marketing, promotion and financing system.
The experience has led to the implementation of a platform of professional services, adjusted to the
requirements of its clients, creating avant-garde spaces and environments in the tourist area, commercial, business,
residential and health.
On October 17, The Point Building received a plaque for being internationally recognized as 1st Finalist in
the Best Design and Construction in Height category, for Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) in
2014, and for being one of 20 The most beautiful spiral buildings in the world in 2016. The distinctive character of the
work, its insertion in the urban environment and the constructive cleanliness of the final result, were some of the
aspects that were considered for the award. To end year 2019 successfully, Pronobis obtained the preliminary
certification of EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) for the Santana Lofts project.
Currently, Pronobis has been building the project Sotonovo, inspired by global housing trends to optimize
urban spaces without losing the comforts of a traditional home. Sotonovo adjoins Plaza Lagos and occupies land that
runs from the Samborondón road to the Daule river and they have been developing the project on a 4-hectare site.
Pronobis has developed 52 real estate projects for more than $ 775 million dollars in 21 years of
management.

1 What does Pronobis do? Pronobis has been a unique force in developing cities within cities
2 Where was it based?
3 How long has Pronobis been on business in Ecuador?
4 What has Pronobis done for its main business?
5 How many prizes has Pronobis won?
6 What features of The Point Building made possible The Best Design and Construction 1st runner up recognition?
7 What has Pronobis been doing recently?

3 non- synchronous Which architects or designers (e.g. fashion, furniture, jewellery, etc.) do you like? What do you know
about their backgrounds (Nationality- studies- field of preference - why are they famous for, etc? 40-50 words
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvoc5vDrb8E 5’
https://www.speakconfidentenglish.com/present-perfect/
https://www.jobline.uni-muenchen.de/app_language/grammar_overview/tenses/past_job_application/index.html
We use the present perfect tense to show that an action or state started in the past and continues to the present.
Past Now Future
I have had my computer for two months. Sentence connects the past to the present.

a) Past Sentences show a single action in the past. This action does not continue.
b) Present perfect Sentences show the continuation of an action or state from the past to the present.
For Question (a) use when and the simple past tense.
For Question (b) use how long and the present perfect tense.
We use the present perfect continuous for a continuous action that started in the past and continues to the present
and perhaps has not been completed.
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/intermediate-to-upper-intermediate/present-perfect

non- synchronous
Read the article in 1. Find examples of the Past Simple, Present Perfect Simple, and Present Perfect
Continuous.
Past simple (5) Present perfect simple (3) Present perfect continuous (2)

* Complete the rules with Past Simple, Present Perfect Simple, or Present Perfect Continuous.
We use the …………… Past Simple ………………for finished actions and situations in the past.
We use the ………… Present Perfect Simple …………… for situations that began in the past and continue to the
present.
We use the …………… Present Perfect Simple ………for past actions with results in the present.
We usually use the ………… Present Perfect Simple ………when we want to focus on the result or completion of the
action.
We usually use the ……… Present Perfect Continuous ………when we want to focus on the activity rather than
the completed action.

PRACTICE
4 Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences.
1 I did / have been doing my present job for two years. (present perfect continuous)
2 Karl didn't have / hasn't had a day off so far this year (present perfect simple)
3 Paula has written / been writing her report since yesterday.(present perfect continuous)
4 Did you go / Have you been to the cinema recently? (present perfect simple)
5 She has won / won three awards already and she's only 20. (present perfect simple)
6 Did you ever climb / Have you ever climbed up the Eiffel Tower? (present perfect simple)
7 Our annual sales never went / have never gone over $100 million. (present perfect simple)
S A new all-electric car has been launched / was launched last month. (simple past)
9 I have been waiting / waited all evening, but she still hasn't called. (presen perfect continuous)
10 He has designed / has been designing some very famous products, like the Ant Chair. (present perfect
simple)

5 O2.1 Listen to a conversation about the designer Nada Debs. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false
statements.
NADA 1 Nada Debs was born in Kobe, Japan. FALSE DEBS
(LEBANON)
2 She studied at design school in the USA. TRUE
3 She's been living in London since 1999. FALSE LIVED
IN LONDON UNTIL 1999
4 She has lived in four countries. TRUE
5 Her experiences in Japan have influenced her designs.
TRUE
6 Her business has been doing very well recently.
7 There are shops around the world which sell her products
6 Complete the questions for these answers.
1 How many ___________jobs have you had ___________ since you left college?/
How many ___________years have you studied ___________ since you left High school?
I've had three jobs since I left college. / I’ve studied five years since you left High school.
2 What _____was your first job___________?
What _____was your first internship___________?
My first job was working part-time in a supermarket./ My first internship was at Astinave.
3 What _________do you do / is your occupation________________ ?
I'm an architect. / I am a university student.
4 Who ______do you work for_______________ ? / Where do you study?
I work for SHK Associates. / I study at the UCSG.
5 How long _________have you been working_____? How long have you been studying there?
I've been working there for about two years. / I ‘ve been studying there for almost 4 years.
6 Where ________have you been on____________ ?/ How many subjects have you taken?
I've been to Oman and Saudi Arabia on business. / I’ve taken about 40 subjects

7 □ Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in 6 (adapt questions to your background). Give information about
yourself in the answers. (audio Whatsapp).

8 O2.2 Listen and complete the questions and answers. Practice saying the short forms.
1 A What have you been doing?
B Has been looking after a visitor. (tense: Present perfect continuous)
2 A _____What’s she ______done today?
B She´s done all her marketing reports. (tense: Present perfect simple)
3 A Has she been in the office yet?
B No, she hasn´t She’s been___working from home. Present perfect simple. Present perfect continuos.
4 A ______What’s__________________________the weather been like? Present perfect simple
B ___________It’s been_______________________ really sunny. ……. Present perfect simple

9 non- synchronous Write six sentences about yourself: three true and three false. Use these prompts.
1 I've been .. .
2 I've won .. .
3 I've never .. .
4 I've always . . .
5 Recently, .. .
6 Last month, ...
10 □ Work in pairs. Exchange your sentences in 9. Guess which three of your partner's sentences are false.

TASK
11 □ Work in pairs. Exchange information about two famous designers. Student A, go to page 126. Student B, go to
page 130. Interview on Zoom - video
Student A Student B
Vocabulary Starting a new business; phrasal verbs
1 □ Work in pairs and discuss these questions.
1 Have you ever thought about starting your own business? If so, what kind of business would it be?
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of running your own company?

2 non- synchronous Read the article and add these headings to paragraphs 1-5.
Ask for advice Know your customer Location, location, location
Make a financial plan Planning is the key to success

So you're an entrepreneur and you want to set up your own company. According
to a recent study in the UK, about one in three new businesses fail during their
first year, and about 50% within the first three years. So it's hard. But don't let that
put you off. Setting up a business is risky, but you can succeed if you follow some
simple advice.
1. Planning is the key to success
It's important to carry out research before you start your business. Contact people
who work in the same field and find out what they do. Go to trade fairs and look
into different business models. What is different about your company?
2. ………………………………………
If you don't have much business knowledge, you should ask for help. Professional
business analysts can point out weaknesses in your business model. It's important
to sort out any problems before you start. Mistakes are expensive!
3. ………………………………………
Make sure you put together a clear financial plan for your first few years. Break it
down so that you know your costs and earnings. What bil ls do you expect to pay?
Will you have to hire extra staff during busy periods? If you have a family, who will
look after your children when you work late? You may need to pay someone!
4. ………………………………………
To be successful, your company must meet a need in the marketplace. Carrying out
informal surveys is a good way of getting to know your potential customers. So don't ·
be shy! Find out what they really think. Ask them!
5. ………………………………………
You can have the best restaurant in town, but if it's in the wrong place, no one will
come and your business will fail within a year. If you're opening a warehouse, good
transport links and cheap rental costs will be a priority. Look into different areas and
different towns. Don't just look at the places you know.

3 □(make an audio recording). non- synchronous Do you agree with the advice in 2? What other advice can you think off or setting
up a new company

4 non- synchronous Look back at the article in 2. Match the phrasal verbs in blue with these meanings.
1 do or complete something

2 start or create (e.g. a business)

3 discourage or stop you from wanting to do something
4 get information about something
5 indicate or draw attention to
6 care for
7 deal with a problem successfully
8 examine or investigate something
9 analyse or divide something into parts
10 make or prepare something
5 Work in pairs. Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs. Use the meanings in 4 to help you.
https://englishwithatwist.com/2016/10/20/business-phrasal-verbs-business-meeting/ https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2017/08/01/30-phrasal-verbs-business-meetings/
broken it down carried it out found out look after look into
pointed it out put it together put me off set it up sort them out

1 He's been running the business for ten years. He set it up in 2004. Started/ launched
2 We had a few problems with the software, but we've managed to sort them out. Solved /found a solution.
3 We've received some complaints about our helpline. My manager's asked me to look into the situation.
4 If you look at this pie chart, you can see our sales. I've broken it down by region. Separated/ divided/
classified
5 My dogs will miss me while I'm away. I've asked my neighbour to look after them. Take care/ mind
6 The research is quite old now. We carried it out three years ago.performed/did
7 The factory in Wales is closing down. I only found out about it yesterday. Discovered / learned
S He made an error in his calculations, so I pointed it out to him. Showed/made someone notice.
9 Have you read my five-year plan yet? I put it together last month. assemble
10 I was going to buy a smartphone, but my girlfriend put me off. She said they're not very good.discouraged /
convinced.

6 Look at the phrasal verbs in 5 . Which of them are separable and which are inseparable?
Examples set it up (separable) look after them (inseparable) https://www.espressoenglish.net/phrasal-verbs-in-english/ https://v637g.app.goo.gl/mPNoFYHsCGzeupa8A
Separable (transitive) Inseparable

7 □ Work in pairs and discuss these questions.

1 Have you found out any interesting news recently? Biden won US elections
2 Do you know anyone who has set up a business? My cousin
3 Do you ever look after other people's children or pets? Yes, I do.
4 What are you looking into doing at the moment? (e.g. buying a car, planning a holiday) Tutoria.
5 Do you usually point out other people's mistakes to them? No.
6 What problems have you sorted out recently? Fixed the database of my company.
7 Do you ever carry out research? Yes, I do. University projects.
S Has anyone put you off doing something recently? I was

8 Work in pairs. Look at the phrasal verbs in the diagrams. Check the meanings in a dictionary. Then complete the
sentences with the correct words.

1 I take after my father. I'm similar to him in many ways. over

2 I applied for a job with them, but they turned me down . I didn't have enough experience.
3 After the plane took off , they started serving drinks.
4 Please remember to turn off your computer before you leave work.
5 They've taken 50 new workers on so business must be doing well.
6 He turned up an hour late for the meeting. It was really rude!
7 Large multinationals take over small companies to get their market share.
S She turned on the TV and started to watch the news.
Is there an example of a inseparable phrasal verb? The example is I take after.
9 □ Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions using the phrasal verbs in 8 .
Examples Which member of your family do you take after?
When was the last time that you turned up late for a meeting?

10 Work in small groups. You are going to give a presentation. Check the link – Make a voice recording and each
student’s intervention is on the presentation ( max 30 sec’s per each) Use zoom video
Work skills Team meetings
1 □ Work in pairs and discuss these questions.
1 Do you ever go to team meetings? Who is at the meetings? What do you talk about? Where do you usually
have the meetings? How long do they usually last?
Yes, I have attended meetings with the class and the work team. They talk about the university jobs. The meeting
usually lasts fifteen minutes.
2 What makes a team meeting successful or unsuccessful? Think of examples.
What makes team meetings successful is that they are scheduled in advance, so everyone can accept the day it
was scheduled.

2 Work in pairs. Look at the tips for the chair of a team meeting. Which do you think are the five most essential things
for the chair to do?
https://v637g.app.goo.gl/W8u32TcfpnKWeUAG8 chair a meeting https://v637g.app.goo.gl/nnxuJgSVKD688grXA meeting sample
https://v637g.app.goo.gl/wcK4AWGw1LV22Gfr5 opinions
1.- What does the chair do first? Greet attendees.

2.- What does he say about the attendees? Apologies form a attendees.
3.- What does he want to know about the agenda? If the attendees have a copy.
What is it? The list of topics/objective/etc. to discuss in a meeting.

o Have a clear agenda. Email this to everyone before the meeting.

 o Keep to time. Don't spend too long on one agenda point.
o Keep the atmosphere light and friendly.
o Agree action points for each item on the agenda. Summarize these at the end.
o Make sure everyone has the opportunity to speak.
o Allow time for informal conversation. This is important for team-building.
o If a team member needs help, ask for volunteers, or offer help yourself.
o Make sure everyone understands issues. Ask for more details if necessary.
3 O2.3 Listen to the extracts from a weekly team meeting. Are the statements true or false?
1 Everyone is at the meeting. F – Peter is not present.
2 The plans for the launch are on time. F – ahead of time.
3 The launch is over budget. T
4 Carl and Sara are going to meet to discuss the budget. T
S Liza is going to speak at the sales conference. F – She part organization of conference committe
6 The meeting has lasted 30 minutes. F – 20 minutes.
7 Koichi is going to email suggestions to everyone this week. T
8 The next meeting will be in the same place. F – Sarah´s office.

4 O2.3 Complete the sentences used by the chair of the meeting with these words. Listen again and check.
discuss move on item help specific sum up fill us in make
1 Pieter can't make the meeting today.
2 The first item on the agenda is the product launch.
3 Would you like me to help ?
4 Let's move on to the next point.
S Could you be a bit more specific ?
6 Would you like to on what's fill us in happening with that?
7 Does anyone have anything else they want to discuss ?
8 To sump up, we've agreed that Sara and I will meet to discuss the
budget for the launch, Liza is going to . ..
6 Work in groups. Have a 'team meeting' to discuss ideas for improving ……. on this course. The chair introduces
the next agenda point and sums up at the end. – Make a video recording and each student’s intervention is on the
meeting video ( max 30 sec’s per each) – Break out rooms

• Before the meeting, prepare an agenda (i.e. each person gives a brief progress
update and suggests one idea for improving progress in English).
• Agree action points for each suggestion made.
Functions Checking progress; delegating tasks
INTRODUCTION
1 non- synchronous Read the email and answer the questions.
1 What is the purpose of the meeting? discuss the window displays for autumn collection.
2 What kind of company is this? Fashion -clothes
3 What season are they working on? Autumn.
4 What are 'mannequins'? A type of puppet/doll.
Dear All

There is going to be a meeting tomorrow to discuss the window displays for our autumn
collection.
Our aim is to have the same display in all our department stores across Europe: the same themes,
the mannequins wearing the same clothes, etc.
Meet in conference room 3 at 11 a.m. Please find an agenda attached.

Thanks

Donna

2 O2.4 Listen to the first part of the meeting referred to in 1. Find three mistakes in the artist's sketch of the window
display.

 The color is red, orange, yellow

 Man, woman, child and dog.

3 O2.4 Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. Listen again and check.
1 Have we ordered the bikes still / yet?
2 Britta, I / I'd like you to handle that.
3 Leave it on / with me.
4 I'd / I'm rather not because I have a lot of other work.

4 O 2.5 Listen to the second part of the meeting. Complete the notes.
Colin will arrange a meeting with main 1 suppliers at the beginning of June 2
Last year, the lighting 3 of the display was wrong. Britta will fix this.
The designer 4 for the display is on maternity leave. Colin 5 knows another one: Sven Olsen

5O2.5 Complete the sentences with these words. Listen again and check.
able covered handle leave
1 Yes, I can handle that.
2 I won't be able to do that because I'll be in New York.
3 Have we covered everything?
4 Can I leave this with you?

PRACTICE
6 Complete the conversation with these phrases
I'd like you to Is anyone free Have we covered I won't be able to do that
How are we doing Leave it with me I can do
Morgan _______ 1 with the video for our window display?
Flavia Everything's going well. We recorded it last week. We should finish editing it next month. Does that sound OK
to you?
Morgan Yes, that's fine. Is anyone free 2 to show the video to our Managing Director tomorrow?
Flavia Sorry, 3 _______because I have an all-day meeting.
Morgan What about Robert? Can he do it?
Flavia I'll ask him today. 4. Leave it with me I'll find someone.
Morgan Thanks. We also need someone to make the final payment for the videoproduction company. 5___ handle
that too, if it's OK.
Flavia Yes, _______ 6 that.
Morgan Thanks. 7 everything?
Flavia Yes, that's it . . ..

7 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

Example Can anyone do this job for me? (free)
Is anyone free to do this job for me?
1 I can do that job for you. (handle)I can handle that
2 I'm busy. (free) I am not free
3 Who's in charge of recruitment? (responsible) Who is responsible for recruitment. ?
4 Louise, will you organize this job for me? (leave) Louise , can I leave this job
5 I don't want to go to the meeting because I have too much work. (rather not)
TASK
8 non- synchronous Work in groups of four. Student A, go to page 126. Student B, go to page 131. Student C, go to page
135. Student D, go to page 136. You are going to organize a window display for a department store. Hold the meeting
using the agenda below. Make a video recording and each student’s intervention is on the meeting video ( max 30
sec’s per each) Zoom -Break out rooms

1 Apologies (who is not present?)

2 Theme of display?
3 Mannequins - Appearance? Target customer?
4 Clothing - Which items of clothing? Brands? Talk to main supplier(s)?
5 Accessories, sportswear - need to agree what appears in display with local
store managers
6 A video - What to show? - get a price quote from production company
7 Summary

Review
Grammar Past Simple; Present Perfect Simple and
Present Perfect Continuous