PROJECT TITLE:

DETERMINE THE STRENGTH OF STRUCTURE

LECTURER:

DR BALQIS BINTI OMAR

PREPARED BY:

NOOR AINOON BINTI SYAHNAN SX161674KAWF04

MUHAMMAD HAIKAL BIN MOHD KAMAL SX161665KAWF04

NAJLA BINTI NASHRUDDIN SX161940KAWF04

SECTION:
2

SUBMISSION DATE:
27 MAY 2018
TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………….
2.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………
3.0 OBJECTIVES…………………………………………………………………………..
4.0 STRUCTURE DIAGRAM……………………………………………………………...
5.0 BENEFITS OF THE PROGRAM………………………………………………………
6.0 TEST PLAN…………………………………………………………………………….
7.0 CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………...
1.0 ABSTRACT

Structural engineering depends upon a detailed knowledge

of loads, physics and materials to understand and predict how structures support and resist self-
weight and imposed loads. To apply the knowledge successfully structural engineers will need
a detailed knowledge of mathematics and of relevant empirical and theoretical design codes.
They will also need to know about the corrosion resistance of the materials and structures,
especially when those structures are exposed to the external environment.

The criteria which govern the design of a structure are either serviceability (criteria
which define whether the structure is able to adequately fulfil its function) or strength (criteria
which define whether a structure is able to safely support and resist its design loads). A
structural engineer designs a structure to have sufficient strength and stiffness to meet these
criteria.

Loads imposed on structures are supported by means of forces transmitted through

structural elements. These forces can manifest themselves as tension (axial
force), compression (axial force), shear, and bending, or flexure (a bending moment is a force
multiplied by a distance, or lever arm, hence producing a turning effect or torque).
2.0 INTRODUCTION

MATLAB is widely used in all areas of applied mathematics, in education and research
at universities, and in the industry. MATLAB stands for MATrix Laboratory and the software
is built up around vectors and matrices. This makes the software particularly useful for linear
algebra but MATLAB is also a great tool for solving algebraic and differential equations and
for numerical integration.

MATLAB has powerful graphic tools and can produce nice pictures in both 2D and 3D.
It is also a programming language, and is one of the easiest programming languages for writing
mathematical programs. MATLAB also has some tool boxes useful for signal processing,
image processing, optimization and any other uses.

The MATLAB environment (on most computer systems) consists of menus, buttons
and a writing area similar to an ordinary word processor. There are plenty of help functions
that you are encouraged to use. The writing area that you will see when you start MATLAB, is
called the command window.

In this window you give the commands to MATLAB. For example, when you want to
run a program you have written for MATLAB you start the program in the command window
by typing its name at the prompt. The command window is also useful if you just want to use
MATLAB as a scientific calculator or as a graphing tool. If you write longer programs, you
will find it more convenient to write the program code in a separate window, and then run it in
the command window.
3.0 OBJECTIVES

The objective of this laboratory is to review how to use MATLAB as a programming tool and
to:

 Review a classic analytical solution in order to determine the strength of structures.

 Review the quick calculation of structures.
 Review the best solution of any structural problems.
4.0 BENEFITS OF THE PROGRAM

Its basic data element is the matrix. A simple integer is considered an matrix of one row
and one column. Several mathematical operations that work on arrays or matrices are built-in
to the Matlab environment. For example, cross-products, dot-products, determinants, inverse
matrices.

Besides, it is a vectorised operations systems whereas its adding two arrays together
needs only one command, instead of a for or while loop. The graphical output is optimized for
interaction. You can plot your data very easily, and then change colours, sizes and scale by
using the graphical interactive tools.

Matlab’s functionality can be greatly expanded by the addition of toolboxes. These are
sets of specific functions that provided more specialized functionality. Ex: Excel link allows
data to be written in a format recognized by Excel, Statistics Toolbox allows more specialized
statistical manipulation of data (Anova, Basic Fits)

In addition, Matlab in not only a programming language, but a programming

environment as well. You can perform operations from the command line, as a sophisticated
calculator. Or you can create programs and functions that perform repetitive tasks, just as any
other computer language.
5.0 STRUCTURE DIAGRAM

10 kN 20 kN 30 kN

5m 10 m 15 m 20 m

Distance a =5m

Distance b = 10 m

Distance c = 15 m

Length = 50 m

Point Load P1 = 10 kN

Point Load P2 = 20 kN

Point Load P2 = 30 kN
6.0 TEST PLAN

Script

%mini project
%2018
%Dr. Balqis Binti Omar
%Group members:
%1)Najla Binti Nashruddin
%2)Noor Ainoon Binti Syahnan
%3)Muhammad Haikal Bin Mohd Kamal
%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

a=input('Please insert value of distance a(m):');

b=input('Please insert value of distance b(m):');
c=input('Please insert value of distance c(m):');
L=input('Please insert value of length (m):');
P1=input('Please insert value of Point Load P1(kN):');
P2=input('Please insert value of Point Load P2(kN):');
P3=input('Please insert value of Point Load P3(kN):');

%while loop
try
%Validate the input
while isempty (a);
h = msgbox ('please complete the distance a', 'Reaction','error');
a = input ('please complete the distance a: ');
end
while isempty (b);
h = msgbox ('please complete the distance b', 'Reaction','error');
b = input ('please complete the distance b: ');
end
while isempty (c);
h = msgbox ('please complete the distance c', 'Reaction','error');
c = input ('please complete the distance c: ');
end
catch
%print an error message and return
Error ('Invalid Data');
end

[ Ra ] = Reaction_a( P1,L,a,P2,b,P3,c );
[ Rb ] = Reaction_b( P1,P2,Ra );

if L<=a;
mx=Ra.*L;
fprintf('L <=a is %.2f\n',L)
fprintf('the bending moment mx (KNm) is %.2f\n',mx)
elseif L>a;
mx=Ra.*L-P1.*(L-a);
fprintf('L<a is %.2f\n',L)
fprintf('the bending moment mx (KNm) is %.2f\n',mx)
elseif L>b;
mx=Ra.*L-P1.*(L-a)-P2.*(L-b)
fprintf('L<a is %.2f\n',L)
fprintf('the bending moment mx (KNm) is %.2f\n',mx)
else
mx=Ra.*L-P1.*(L-a)-P2.*(L-b)-P3.*(L-c)
 fprintf('L>b is %.2f > %.2f\n',L)
fprintf('the bending moment mx (KNm) is %.2f\n',mx)
end

Result=[L,Ra,Rb,mx];
clc

%printing output

fid = fopen ('dataresult.m','w');

fprintf(fid,'\nReaction at support(Ra&Rb)and Maximum bending moment\n');
fprintf(fid,'\nL(m) Ra(kn) Rb(Kn) mx(KN/M)\n');
fprintf(fid,'%.2f\t %.2f\t %.2f\t %.2f \n',Result);
fclose(fid);
Function, Reaction, RA

function [ Ra ] = Reaction_a( P1,L,a,P2,b,P3,c )

%UNTITLED4 Summary of this function goes here
% Detailed explanation goes here
Ra=(P1.*(L-a)+P2.*(L-b)+P3.*(L-c))./L;

end
Function, Reaction, RB

function [ Rb ] = Reaction_b( P1,P2,Ra )

%UNTITLED Summary of this function goes here
% Detailed explanation goes here
Rb=P1+P2-Ra;

end
Example of Data Result

Reaction at support(Ra&Rb)and Maximum bending moment

L(m) Ra(kn) Rb(Kn) mx(KN/M)

50.00 46.00 -16.00 1850.00
7.0 CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, we can say that this software offers strong possibilities. The utilisation
is pretty easy for simple problem. For advanced problem, it is more complex. Moreover, you
can access to introduction course on internet. But for advanced functions, it is more complex
for find books or article. Moreover, there is some books and user manual but there are paying
and expensive. There is a lot of similarities with Matlab.

The graphic interface on scilab is less advanced: it is a simple interface, less developed
than Matlab. For example, computation on matrix have similar syntax. Nevertheless, some
functions proposed in scilab are limited or complex for a beginner. For example, the matlab to
scilab translator is not very efficient and require strong skills of matlab. Some functions such
as graphics or data interfacing are complex at the beginning.