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  • 4.3 Javascript Chapter 2

    Încărcat de

    Sani Bello Mahmoud
    14 vizualizări3 pagini
    The most common control structure is the if structure. It is important to notice the use of the face brackets and that are used to enclose each statement. If a condition is true then write the true statement, else if condition is false.

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    4.3 javaScript Chapter 2

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    The most common control structure is the if structure. It is important to notice the use of the face brackets and that are used to enclose each statement. If a condition is true then write the true statement, else if condition is false.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    14 vizualizări3 pagini

    4.3 Javascript Chapter 2

    Încărcat de

    Sani Bello Mahmoud
    The most common control structure is the if structure. It is important to notice the use of the face brackets and that are used to enclose each statement. If a condition is true then write the true statement, else if condition is false.

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 3

    Chapter 2 Control Structures

    The most common control structure is the if structure.


    if (conditions) {
    statement(s) if condition is true }
    else {
    statement(s) if condition is false}

    This structure can be read as:


    If the condition is true then write the true statement, else
    if the condition is not true write the false statement.
    It is important to notice the use of the face brackets { and } that are used to enclose each
    statement. If there is only one statement the face brackets can be omitted. If there is more
    than one statement you must use the brackets to enclose the statements.

    Example of IF Control Structure


    We want to check whether a year is, or is not, a leap year. However before we write
    the program we must understand the rules which make a year a leap year
    The rules:
    If a year is divisible by 4 it is a leap year except if the year number has two trailing
    zeros, i.e. 1900 or 1600, when
    if the year is divisible by 100 and 400 it is a leap year.
    Using these rules we can find if a year is a leap year.
    •

    LEAP YEAR
    <html>
    <script>
    function checkLeap() {
    year = parseInt(document.first.year.value,10);

    //definition of what is NOT a leap year


    // if year remainder(4) is not zero, NOT a leap year

    if (year%4>0)
    leap="not a leap year";
    else {

    // if year remainder(100) is zero AND remainder(400) is not zero, NOT a leap


    year

    if ((year%100==0) && (year%400!=0))


    leap="not a leap year";
    // end definition of what is NOT a leap year
    // every other year IS a leap year

    else
    leap="is a leap year";
    }
    document.first.leap.value = leap;

    // end of function
    }
    </script>

    <body>
    <form name = "first">
    <p> Input year :<input type=text name="year" size=4> </p>
    <p> <input type=text name="leap" size=20 > </p>
    <p> <input type=button value="Leap Year?" onClick="checkLeap()"> </p>
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>

    These points are important:


    The most common mistake is to use an assignment equals, = , in the condition rather than
    a comparison equals, == .
    We mean to say is: (year%100==0) year modulo 100 is the same value as zero.
    Mixing cases in names of thing, i.e. onClick = "checkleap()" will not find the function
    checkLeap().
    The second point is important. Generally JavaScript programs, and HTML code are best
    written in lower case, with the exception of string messages, and functions, objects and
    variable names. This is a good practice to adopt.
    Lastly notice the use of the forward slashes // in the script section. These are used to
    denote a comment that is not read by the program.
    Now try modifying the program
    If the user does not enter a number in the year input box what happens? The leap input
    box should display the message 'is a leap year'. This message is of course wrong. What
    we need is a message to tell the user that they must enter a year value. We can
    accomplish this by getting the script to check whether the value in the year box is empty,
    and if it is, put an alert box on the screen.
    To do this we surround the current script with an if: If the year input is the same as an
    empty string:
    if(document.first.year.value == "") {
    alert("no input")
    }else{
    Now the original code.
    }
    Notice that the new if condition is enclosed by face brackets, and the else statement
    begins begins the leap year calculation with a face bracket which ends immediately before
    the function end face bracket.
    Try this exercise
    Try modifying the original script to check that the user has entered a year number.
    To accomplish this we need to add a line to the script section before setting the input year
    to an integer. We use an if structure to check if the input value document.first.leap.value
    is the same as nothing, i.e. an empty string “”.
    If it is an empty string we use an alert box message to inform the user:
    alert(“no year input”).

    If (conditions) {
    alert(“no year input”)
    }

    We do not need the else part of the structure because if the input is not an empty string
    then then everything is fine.

    We should also check that the user has input a number rather than text, i.e. 2004 rather
    than two thousand and four. This check is discussed in chapter 3.

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