Linde Insulation - Specification PDF

Ammonia Project
Salalah, Oman
Code: Takamul 1000 MTPD

Project No: 2610 B499
Doc No: &AA T-SS 2401 (EN)
Page 1 of 39
Insulation Specification
Client comments
x 02 28.11.2014 H.Huettemann R.Schwerdtfeger Dr.Grundwuermer
incorporated
H.Huettemann, R.Schwerdtfeger, Dr.Grundwuermer,
X 01 23.10.2014
ENMM ENMM Head of ENMM
Status Issue Date Prepared Reviewed Approved Remarks
Refer to protection notice ISO 16016.

Form: &AZ-Q-PP 2020.610.019 (EN) / Issue 03 dated 01.10.2012
Project No: 2610 B499 Doc No: &AA T-SS 2401 (EN) Issue: 02 Page 2 of 39
CONTENT
1 SCOPE 4
2 PURPOSE 4
3 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS 4
4 APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS 5
5 GENERAL 6
6 I n s u l a t i o n T yp e s 7
7 H O T I N S U L A T I O N [ W , W E, W S,W ES] 8
7.1 Insulation Material 8
7.1.1 Mineral wool sections/ segments 9
7.1.2 Mineral wool mats 9
7. 2 Cladding 9
7.3 Auxiliary Materials 10
7.3.1 Spacer and support constructions 10
7.3.2 Fastenings 10
7.3.3 Sealing materials 11
7.3.4 Aluminium Foil 11
7 . 3 . 5 A n t i- b o o m m a t e r i a l 11
7.4 Installation 11
7.4.1 General 11
7.4.2 Insulation Material 11
7.4.3 Cladding 12
7.4.4 Expansion joints 13
7.4.5 Valves, flanges and manholes 13
7.4.6 Equipment, vessels and columns 13
7 . 4 . 7 L e v e l i n dicators 13
7.4.8 Electrically traced components 14
8 PERSONNEL PROTECTION INSULATION [P] 14
9 COLD INSULATION AND CONDENSATION PREVENTION [C, CS, CES] 14

9.1 Insulation for piping 15
9.2 Insulation for valves and flanges (boxes and hoods) 15
9.3 Insulation of equipment 16
9.4 Expansion/ Contraction joint 16
9.5 Vapour barrier 17
9.6 Vapour stop 18
9.7 Cold Insulation, electrically traced [CE, CES] 19

10 COLD INSULATION OF AMMONIA LOADING PIPING (section "rack"), [C1] 19

10.1 Insulation Material 19
10.2 Vapour Barriers, Sealants and Fastening Materials 20
10.3 Cladding 20
10.4 Installation 21
10.4.1 PIR/PUR sections/ segments 21
10.4.2 In situ dispensed PUR foam at valves and flanges 22
11 COLD INSULATION OF AMMONIA LOADING PIPING (section "jetty") [C2] 23

11.1 Material 23
11.2 Vapour Barriers, Sealants and Fastening Materials 23
11.3 Cladding 23
11.4 Installation 24
12 COLD INSULATION OF UNDERGROUND AMMONIA LOADING PIPING [C3] 24
13 A C O U S T I C I N S U L A T I O N [ S , W S, W E S , C S , C E S ] 25
13.1 General 25
13.2 Acoustic Insulation [S] 25
13.3 C o m b i n e d H o t a n d A c o u s t i c I n s u l a t i o n [ W S, W ES] 25
13.4 Combined Cold and Acoustic Insulation [CS, CES] 26
14 QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL 26

14.1 General 26
14.2 Inspection 27
14.2.1 Inspection of materials 27
14.2.2 Inspection during installation of insulation systems 27
14.2.3 Inspection procedure for in situ dispensed PUR 27
14.2.4 Final Inspection / Acceptance 28
14.3 Testing 28
15 I n s u l a t i o n T h i c k n e s s T a b l e f o r H o t I n s u l a t i o n [ W , W E, W S, W ES] 30
16 Guard Distance and Insulation Thickness Table for Personnel Protection [P] 32
17 I n s u l a t io n t h i c k n e s s t a b l e f o r c o l d i n s u l a t i o n a n d c o n d e n s a t i o n p r e v e n t i o n a n d
Underground Ammonia Piping [C, C3] 33
18 Insulation Thickness Table for Cold Insulation of Ammonia Loading Piping

[C1, C2] 35
19 L a ye r i n g o f C o l d I n s u l a t i o n 38
20 Acceptance Certificates 39

1 SCOPE
T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i on a p p l i e s t o t h e r m a l a n d a c o u s t i c i n s u l a t i o n f o r t h e s c o p e o f t h e A m m o n i a
Project Salalah, 1000 MTPD, Sultanate of Oman
It specifies requirements for external insulation of above ground surfaces of equipment and
p i p i n g w i th o p e r a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s o f - 1 8 0° C < O T < + 6 0 0 ° C .
This specification is not applicable for passive fire protection insulation.
2 PURPOSE
T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n a p p l i e s t o t h e d e s i g n o f h o t- , c o l d- a n d a c o u s t i c i n s u l a t i o n w i t h i n t h e b a s i c
engineering and serves as basis for detail engineering and installation.
I n c a s e C O N T R A C T O R c a n o f f e r i n s u l a t i o n s ys t e m s m o r e s u i t a b l e t h a n t h e o n e s s p e c i f i e d ,
corresponding proposals shall be submitted in writing. Such proposals shall include:
 D e s c r i p t i o n , s t r u c t u r e a n d d e s i g n o f t h e i n s u l a t i o n s ystem
 m at e r i a l s f o r t h e i n s u l a t i o n i n c l u d i n g t h e i r d a t a s h e e t s
 guaranteed properties
 comparison of costs.
3 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

CLI ENT Salalah Methanol Company LLC (SMC)
COMPANY EPC Contractor
CONTRACTOR S u b c o n t r a c t o r s o n S I T E c a r r yi n g o u t i n s u l a t i o n w o r k s
SIT E Construction sites, applicable for construction yard and

construction site
OT Operating temperature in Centigrade [°C]
SS Any austenitic stainless steel
CS U n a l l o ye d a n d / o r l o w- a l l o y c a r b o n s t e e l
PUR P o l yu r e t h a n e
PIR P o l yi s o c ya n u r a t e
CUI Corrosion under insulation
GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic
FEF Flexible Elastomeric Foam

4 APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS

This specification contains undated references to incorporate provisions of other
publications. The normative references are cited at the respective place in the text and the
publications are listed below.
&AA T - S S 2 3 0 1
Corrosion Protection by Protective Coating
ASTM A 463
S p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r s t e e l s h e e t , a l u m i n u m - c o a t e d , b y t h e h o t- d i p p r o c e s s
ASTM C 177
T e s t m e t h o d f o r s t e a d y- s t a t e h e a t f l u x m e a s u r e m e n t s a n d t h e r m a l t r a n s m i s s i o n
p r o p e r t i e s b y m e a n s o f t h e g u a r d e d- h o t - p l a t e a p p a r a t u s
ASTM C 534
Specification for preformed flexible elastomeric cellular thermal insulation in sheet
and tubular form
ASTM D 1622
Test method for apparent density of rigid cellular plastics
ASTM D 6226
Test method for open cell content of rigid cellular plastics
ASTM E 84
Test method for surface burning characteristics of building materials
ASTM E 96 / E 96M
Standard Test Methods for W ater Vapour Transmission of Materials
ASTM E 84
Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
ASTM E 93
T es t M e t h o d s f o r F l a s h P o i n t b y P e nsk y- Martens C l o s e d C u p T e s t e r
VDI 2055
Thermal insulation for heated and refrigerated industrial and domestic installations –
Calculations, guaranties, measuring and testing methods, quality assurance, supply
conditions
ISO 9001
International Organisation for Standardization
BS 476
Fire Tests
CINI Handbook
C o m m i t t e e I n s u l a t i o n N e t h e r l a n d s I n d u s t r y ( C I NI , l a t e s t E d i t i o n 2 0 1 3 )

5 GENERAL
Each pipe line shall be insulated separately; a common insulation cover shall not enclose
adjacent pipe lines.
F l a n g e s i n h yd r o g e n s e r v i c e s h a l l n o t b e i n s u l a t e d f o r O T > 3 0 0 ° C .
Identification plates, reference points and level points shall remain visible at all times. If
n e c e s s a r y, d u p l i c a t e p l a t e s s h a l l b e a p p l i e d a t t h e o u t s i d e o f t h e i n s u l a t i o n .
All metal surfaces under insulation shall be suitably protected with a complete paint s ystem
in accordance with &AA T-SS 2301 to avoid corrosion under insulation (CUI).
All insulation materials shall be free of asbestos.
All insulation material and accessories shall be new, free of damage and conform to the
m at e r i a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s .
The materials shall be protected against weather and moisture during transport, be delivered
to SITE in their original packaging and be stored free of the ground protected against
influences of weather, frost and sun radiation, preferably indoors. All handling, storage,
shelf - t i m e , s a f e t y a n d h e a l t h c a r e i n s t r u c t i o n s a n d r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e m a t e r i a l m a n u f a c t u r e r
shall accompany the materials during transport and shall be strictly adhered to.
Certificates of origin, technical data sheets and safety data sheets of all insulation materials
and accessories shall be available on SITE and shall be submitted by CONTRACTOR to
COMPANY for approval prior to commencing insulation work.

6 Insulation Types
The abbreviations for the identification of the Insulation Types are listed in Table 1:
Table 1: Insulation Types
Insulation I n s u l a t i o n t yp e Cladding Operating

Description
T yp e temperature (OT)
Mineral wool Aluminised +32°C to 600°C

W Hot insulation
s t e e l , t yp e 2
Hot insulation Mineral wool Aluminised +32°C to 600°C

WE
electrically traced s t e e l , t yp e 2
H o t a n d ac o u s t i c Mineral wool Aluminised +32°C to 600°C

WS
insulation s t e e l , t yp e 2
Hot and acoustic Mineral wool Aluminised +32°C to 600°C

W ES insulation s t e e l , t yp e 2
electrically traced
Guards Aluminized < 32 ° C

perforated
s t e e l t yp e 2
A c c . t yp e " N " n/a ≥32°C up to 60°C
Personnel
PP protection
Guards aluminised 60°C up to 250°C
insulation
perforated
s t e e l t yp e 2
Mineral wool aluminised >250°C

Mineral wool Aluminised - 1 8 0 ° C t o 3 2° C
S Acoustic insulation
Cold conservation Cellular glass Aluminised - 1 8 0 ° C t o 3 2° C

/ condensation s t e e l , t yp e 2
C
prevention
insulation
Cold insulation of P o l yi s o c ya n u r a t e Aluminised - 1 8 0 ° C t o 3 2° C

Ammonia Loading (PIR) s t e e l , t yp e 2
C1 Pipe
("section rack")
Cold insulation of P o l yi s o c ya n u r a t e GRP wrapping - 1 8 0 ° C t o 3 2° C

Ammonia Loading (PIR)
C2 Pipe
( s e c t i o n " j e t t y" )
Cold insulation Cellular glass GRP wrapping -180°C to 32°C

(underground with additional
C3
piping) PE wrapping

Combined cold and Cellular glass Aluminized - 1 8 0 ° C t o 3 2° C

CS
acoustic insulation a n d m in e r a l w o o l s t e e l , t yp e 2
Cold insulation Cellular glass Aluminized -180°C to 32°C

CE
electrically traced s t e e l , t yp e 2
Cold and acoustic Cellular glass Aluminized - 18 0 ° C t o 3 2° C

CES insulation a n d m in e r a l w o o l s t e e l , t yp e 2
electrically traced
N No insulation n/a n/a n/a
7 HOT INSULATION [W, WE, WS,WES]

Hot insulation shall be generally made from mineral wool sections/ segments.
In case that mineral wool sections/ segments are not available on the market, mineral wool
m at s s h a l l b e used.
7.1 Insulation Material

The packaging of the insulation material shall be labelled with the following information:
 Trade name and name of manufacturer
 Delivery dimensions
 Kind of insulation material ( e.g. rock wool, calcium silicate)
 Form supplied ( e.g. mats, sections)
 Raw material density
 Fire behaviour
 Thermal conductivity group
 Service temperature limit
 Quality surveillance
For insulation of hot surfaces requirements for the insulation materials are listed in Table 2:
T a b l e 2 : R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r H ot I n s u l a t i o n M a t e r i a l s
Service
Density
temperature
Insulation material
[kg/m³]
[°C]
Mineral wool mats ("wired

≥ 80 ≤ 600
m ats")
Mineral wool sections/

≥ 90 ≤ 600
segments

T h e m i n i m u m r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e n o m i n a l v a l u e s o f t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y o f t h e in s u l a t i o n
m at e r i a l s a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e 3 :
T a b l e 3 : R e q u i r em en t s f o r T h e r m a l C o n d u c t i v i t y
T h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y λ [W /m K]
Insulation material at mean temperature tm [°C]
50 100 150 200 250 300 400
Mineral wool mats 0.042 0.049 0.057 0.068 0.080 0.095 0.110
Mineral wool sections/

0.040 0.046 0.054 0.065 0.077 0.092
segments
T h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y, d e n s i t y a n d s e r v i c e t e m p e r a t u r e l i m i t o f t h e i n s u l a t i o n m a t e r i a l s s h a l l
be verified by authorised test certificates acc. to VDI 2055 or similar.
Insulation thicknesses are specified in article XX Insulation Thickness Table for Hot
Insulation.
7.1.1 Mineral wool sections/ segments
M i n e r a l w o o l s l a b s / s e c t i o n s s h a l l b e m a d e o f s y n t h e t i c - r e s i n- l i g h t l y- b o n d e d r o c k w o o l w i t h
basalt rock as principle raw material.
M i n e r a l w o o l s l a b s / s e c t i o n s s h a l l b e n o n- c o m b u s t i b l e , w a t e r r e p e l l e n t a n d h a v e a l e a c h a b l e
chlorides content of ≤ 10 mg/kg.
Mineral wool slabs/sections shall be resistant to mildew and rot.
The thickness of the slabs/sections under a compression load of 2 kN/m² shall not exceed
5% deviation from the nominal thickness.
7.1.2 Mineral wool mats
M i n e r a l w o o l m a t s s h a l l b e s yn t h e t i c - r e s i n- l i g h t l y- b o n d e d r o c k w o o l w i r e m e s h b l a n k e t s w i t h
basalt rock as principle raw material, typically named "wired mats".
Mineral wool mats shall be stitched onto wire mesh with a max. mesh width of 1" with min.
0.5 mm thick SS wire.
M i n e r a l w o o l m a t s s h a l l b e n o n- c o m b u s t i b l e , w a t e r r e p e l l e n t a n d h a v e a l e a c h a b l e c h l o r i d e s
content of ≤10 mg/kg.
Mineral wool mats shall be resistant to mildew and rot.
The nominal thickness of the wired mats shall be achieved under a compression load of
1k N / m ² .
7.2 Cladding
C l a d d i n g s h a l l p r o t e c t t h e i n s t a l l e d i n s u l a t i o n m at e r i a l a g a i n s t m e c h a n i c a l i m p a c t a n d
weather effects.
T h e c l a d d i n g s h a l l b e A l u m i n i z e d S t e e l C l a d d i n g T yp e 2 a c c . t o A S T M A 4 6 3 .
T h e a l u m i n i u m l a ye r t h i c k n e s s s h a l l b e ≥ 3 0 5 g / m ² i n t o t a l f o r b o t h s i d e s , ≥ 5 0 µ m p e r s i d e .

The thicknesses of the Aluminized Steel Cladding and the sizes of the overlapping of the
cladding are listed in Table 4:
Table 4: Thickness of Aluminized Steel Cladding and size of overlapping of joints
Circumference Longitudinal C i r c u m f e r e nt i a l
Thickness
of cladding overlap overlap
[mm]
[mm] [mm] [mm]
≤ 600 0,5 30 -
≤ 1500 0,6 50 50
≤ 3500 0,8 50 10 0
> 3500 1,0 50 100
F o r h o t i n s u l a t i o n o f p i p i n g w i t h O T ≤ 1 5 0 ° C , ø 1 5- 2 0 m m d r a i n h o l e s s h a l l b e d r i l l e d i n t o t h e
c l a d d i n g a t t h e l o w e s t p o i n t s , e . g . a t t h e b o t t o m o f a n e l b o w b e l o w a v e r t i c a l s e c t i o n o f pipe,
and at 500 mm centres at the bottom of horizontal pipe runs.
7.3 Auxiliary Materials
7.3.1 Spacer and support constructions
For insulation of piping with sections as well as insulation of piping with a nominal diameter
≤ DN 100 and insulation thickness ≤ 50 mm with mineral wool mats, no spacer construction
is required.
Spacers and supports shall be made of CS or SS strips 30x3 mm designed as a ring with CS
or SS spacing legs at a maximum distance of 400 mm on the outer ring, at least 3 per
circumference.
T o r e d u c e h e a t t r a n s m i s s i o n , t h e l e g s s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e o u t e r r i n g b y 3- 5 m m t h i c k
asbestos free gaskets fixed with blind rivets.
For OT ≥ 400 °C the spacer legs shall be equipped with spring elements to allow thermal
expansion of the insulated item.
The spacer rings shall be clamped to pipes or equipment fixed with bolts ≥ M8 mm and nuts
with spring washers.
Spacer rings on piping shall be generally installed every 950 mm and at all beginnings and
ends of elbows, fittings or other installations. On elbows with an outer radius > 700 mm
additional spacers shall be installed.
On vertical piping and equipment with OT ≥ 400 °C spacer double rings shall be fixed at
welded brackets, at least every 6 m, acting as a support to carry the weight of the insulation.
7.3.2 Fastenings
Removable insulation boxes shall be fixed with adjustable and lockable quick release toggles
m ade of SS.

7.3.3 Sealing materials
O n l y d u r a b l e e l a s t i c t a p e s / s t r i p s a n d s e a l i n g c o m p o u n d s s h a l l b e u s e d t o s e a l t h e c l a d d i n g.
They shall withstand the expected maximum and minimum temperatures, including the
consideration of solar radiation.
T h e s e a l i n g m a t e r i a l s h a l l b e p e r m a n e n t l y f l e x ib l e , c h e m i c a l l y i n e r t , d i m e n s i o n a l l y s t a b l e ,
UV - r e s i s t a n t a n d s h a l l n o t d e c a y o r a g e .
All joints of the cladding shall be sealed with a permanent elastic sealing tape acc. to item G
o f T a b l e 6.
C u t o u t s o f t h e c l a d d i n g, e . g . a t p e n e t r a t i o n s , s h a l l b e s e a l e d w i t h p e r m a n e n t e l a s t i c s e a l i n g
strips or compounds acc. to item D and E of Table 6.
7.3.4 Aluminium Foil
F o r i n s u l a t i o n T yp e W E and W E S , t h e e l e c t r i c a l t r a c e d p i p e s o r e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e c o v e r e d
with pure aluminium foil with a thickness of 100 µm underneath the insulation.
T h e a c o u s t i c r e q u i r e m e n t s o f i n s u l a t i o n t yp e W ES a r e s p e c i f i e d i n a r t i c l e 1 2
7.3.5 Anti-boom material

The external cladding of acoustic insulation types shall be coated with self-adhesive or
s p r a ye d o n a n t i- b o o m m a t e r i a l ( s t a n d a r d i n s t a l l a t i o n w i t h a n t i- b o o m b o a r d ) o n t h e i n n e r s i d e
o f t h e c l a d d i n g , w i t h a t h i c k n e s s o f n o t l e s s t h a n 2 . 4 m m . T h e a n t i- b o o m m a t e r i a l s h a l l m e e t
t h e f o l l o w i n g p h ys i c a l r e q u i r e m e n t s :
• W ei g h t p e r u n i t a r e a > 2.0 kg/m²

• Loss factor > 10%
7.4 Installation
7.4.1 General
I n s u l a t i o n a p p l i c a t i o n s h a l l o n l y s t a r t a f t e r w r i t t e n r e l e a s e o f C O M P A N Y.
Prior to commencing insulation work CONTRACTOR shall observe the weather conditions
and shall take temporary precautions if necessary to ensure proper application.
B e f o r e t h e i n s u l a t i o n i s a p pl i e d , t h e s u r f a c e t o b e i n s u l a t e d s h a l l b e c l e a n a n d d r y.
The design of hot insulation systems and the cladding shall be that ingress of water and
capillary action are prevented and condensation can drain off. Insulation collars and rain
def l e c t o r s s h a l l b e f i t t e d t o a v o i d a n y i n g r e s s o f w a t e r .
7.4.2 Insulation Material
Insulation material shall be properly fitted.
W he r e u s e d , p i p e i n s u l a t i o n s u p p l i e d a s p i p e s e c t i o n s / s e g m e n t s s h a l l b e p l a c e d a r o u n d t h e
p i p e w i t h c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l j o i n t s s t a g g e r e d b y h a l f t h e l e ng t h o f t h e s e c t i o n . A t p i p e b e n d s t h e
s e c t i o n s s h a l l b e m i t e r e d t o e n s u r e t h at t h e p a r t s f i t c l o s e l y. M i n e r a l w o o l s e c t i o n s s h a l l b e
fixed with ≥ 0.5 mm thick galvanized wire or SS wire, at least 6 times per meter.
W ir e d m a t s i n s u l a t i o n , c u t t o a d e q u a t e s i z e , s h a l l b e a p p l i e d w i t h t h e w i r e m e s h o n t h e
outside and with longitudinal joints staggered at the position of 4 and 8 o'clock.
W ir e d m a t s s h a l l b e f a s t e n e d a t c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l a n d l o n g i t u d i n a l j o i n t s w i t h ≥ 0 . 5 m m t h i c k
galvanized wire or wire hooks ø1.5x≥125 mm at a pitch of 150 mm.

P i p e b e n d s s h a l l n o t b e i n s u l a t e d w i t h l o o s e m ineral wool.
T h e m a x i m u m i n s u l a t i o n l a ye r t h i c k n e s s s h a l l b e 1 0 0 m m . I n c a s e t h e r e a r e m o r e l a ye r s o f
d i f f e r e n t t h i c k n e s s e s , t h e t h i c k e r l a ye r s h a l l b e a p p l i e d a t t h e i n s i d e . I n m u l t i- l a ye r i n s u l a t i o n
t h e l a ye r s s h a l l b e a p p l i e d w i t h a l l c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l a n d l o n g i t u d i n a l j o i n t s s t a g g e r e d .
7.4.3 Cladding
The cladding shall be fitted straight after the application of the insulation material.
Thicknesses of the aluminized steel cladding and overlap dimensions are defined in table 4.
The metal sheeting shall be rolled and swaged at the longitudinal and circumferential joints.
The horizontal longitudinal joints shall be positioned in the lower part staggered clock wise at
4 and 8 o'clock.
T h e c l a d d i n g s h a l l b e s c r e w e d w i t h S S s e l f - t a p p i n g s c r e w s w i t h n e o p r e n e l a m i n a t e d S S-
washers, for cladding diameter < 300 mm of size ≥ ø4.2x9,5 mm and cladding diameter ≥ 300
mm of size ≥ ø4.8x13 mm. For confined space situations SS blind rivets ≥ ø3.2x8 mm or ≥
ø4.8x10 mm may be used.
Overlaps at straight joints shall be fastened with at least 6 SS self-tapping screws per meter
in a s ym m et r i c a l o r d e r .
Overlaps at all joints shall be sealed with durable elastic tapes acc. to item G of table 6.
The cladding at elbows shall be mitred with at least 3 segments.
Ends of cladding shall be closed with end plates:
For outer diameters ≤ 250 mm the end plates shall be set into the end swage of the cladding.
For outer diameters > 250 mm a separate end cap shall be installed.
At vertical piping the upper end plate shall be designed as rain deflector.
To protect the painting of the pipe, a glass fibre strip 50x3 mm covered with a SS metal strip
30x0.5 mm shall be applied between the pipe and the metal end plate.
Insulation adjacent to flanges in piping and equipment shall be terminated to allow removal
o f b o l t s w i t h o u t d a m ag i n g t h e i n s u l a t i o n . B o l t c l e a r a n c e f r o m t h e f l a n g e t o t h e i n s u l a t i o n
c l a d d i n g s h a l l b e a t l e a s t t h e b o l t l e n g t h + 3 0 m m . C O N T R A C T O R s h a l l c o n s u l t C O M P A N Y' s
Construction Management for exceptional requirements of greater bolt clearance for
h yd r a u l i c b o l t t e n s i o n i n g o r t o r q u e e q u i p m e n t .
C u t- o u t s i n t h e c l a d d i n g, e . g . a t a l l p r o t r u d i n g p a r t s , s h a l l b e n e a t a n d c l e a n , p r o t e c t e d w i t h
a cover plate and sealed with durable elastic tapes, strips or compounds acc. to item D or E
of table 6.
Rain deflectors shall be applied at all cut-outs outside of buildings.
T h e c o v e r p l a t e s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d a s t w o - p a r t p l a t e s o v e r l a p p i n g i n s u c h a w a y, t h a t n o
w a t e r c a n p e n e t r a t e b e h i n d t h e c l a d d i n g.
L a r g e a r e a s o f f l a t o r c yl i n d r i c a l s u r f a c e s , i n p a r t i c u l a r a t e q u i p m e n t , s h o u l d p r e f e r a b l y b e
cladded with corrugated metal sheets.

7.4.4 Expansion joints
T h e i n s u l a t i o n s ys t e m f o r p i p i n g a n d e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e a b l e t o c o p e w i t h t h e r m a l e x p a n s i o n
or contraction; therefore insulation and metal cladding shall be provided with
expansion/contraction joints.
Expansion/contraction joints at the cladding to compensate thermal expansion or contraction

shall be engineered by CONTRACTOR in adequate location and size and sufficient number
a n d s h a l l b e s u b m i t t e d t o C O M P A N Y f or a p p r o v a l p r i o r t o c o m m e n c i n g t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n .
On expansion bellows, the bellows shall be protected to the insulation material.
7.4.5 Valves, flanges and manholes
H o t i n s u l a t i o n o f v a l v e s , f l a n g e s a n d m a n h o l e s s h a l l b e m ad e w i t h m i n e r a l w o o l m a t s . T h e y
shall be provided with removable insulation boxes/caps with insulation material at the inside
fastened with aluminized steel clips riveted to the inside of the metal box. All boxes shall be
provided with SS quick-release levers which shall be locked when installed.
R e m o v a b l e i n s u l a t i o n b ox e s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d t o w i t h s t a n d f r e q u e n t r e m o v a l / r e- i n s t a l l a t i o n
without losing its properties. The mass of each single part of removable boxes shall be ≤ 25
kg.
B o x e s / c a p s s h a l l o v e r l a p t h e a d j a c e n t p i p e i n s u l a t i o n b y t h e l e n g t h o f a t l e a s t t h e i n s u l a ti o n
thickness.
Boxes/caps shall be designed rainproof, e.g. upper sides shall have a slope > 3° and the
upper edges shall be built to assure complete drainage of water and other liquids.
To prevent slipping at vertical piping, insulation boxes/caps shall be secured with supports.
F l a n g e s i n p i p i n g s ys t e m s w i t h I n s u l a t i o n T y p e W an d O T ≥ 3 0 0 ° C s h a l l n o t b e i n s u l a t e d .
7.4.6 Equipment, vessels and columns
Hot insulation of equipment, vessels and columns shall be applied as specified in article
7. 4 . 2 t o 7. 4 . 3 .
Support rings shall be acc. to article 7.3.1.
F or c o m p o n e n t s w i t h o u t e r d i a m e t e r > 5 0 0 m m o r l a r g e f l a t a r e a s m i n e r a l w o o l m a t s s h a l l b e
secured with holding pins fixed either to the component or to supporting flat bars.
At large surfaces the metal cladding sheets shall be crimped/edged for reinforcement, or
corrugated sheets shall be used.
The cladding at equipment heads shall follow the shape of the heads.
To compensate thermal expansion or contraction of the equipment, sufficient expansion

joints acc. to article 7.4.4 shall be installed.
Cut outs in the cladding shall allow movements of the cladding and shall be provided with
cover plates, collars and rain deflectors as specified in article 7.4.3.
Components with fire protected skirts or supports shall be provided with a rain deflector to
p r e v e n t i n g r es s o f f l u i d s i n t o t h e f i r e p r o t e c t i o n i n s u l a t i o n .
7.4.7 Level indicators
The insulation of level indicators is similar to the insulation of valves and flanges.

The design shall allow dismounting of the shut-off valves without dismantling any cladding of
the appendent equipment, vessel or column.
A t m a g n e t i c l e v e l i n d i c a t o r s n o n - m ag n e t i c c l a d d i n g m at e r i a l l i k e S S o r a l u m i n i u m s h a l l b e
used to clad the indicator.
7.4.8 Electrically traced components
F o r i n s u l a t i o n T yp e W E and W ES s p e c i a l c a r e s h a l l b e t a k e n t o a v o i d d a m ag e o f t h e e l e c t r i c
tracing cables. The cables shall not get in contact with the wire mesh of the mineral wool
m at s o r w i t h t h e c l a d d i n g . T h e e l e c t r i c t r a c i n g c a b l e s a n d t h e t r a c e d c o m p o n e n t s h a l l b e
w r a p p e d w i t h a l u m i n i u m f o i l a s s p e c i f i e d i n a r t i c l e 7 .3.4 u n d e r n e a t h t h e i n s u l a t i o n .
8 PERSONNEL PROTECTION INSULATION [P]

S u r f a c e s b e l o w 0° C a n d a c c e s s i b l e f r o m n o r m a l w o r k i n g a r e a s a n d a c c e s s w a y s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d w i t h m es h o r g u a r d s w i t h a m in i m u m distance o f 5 0 m m f r o m t h e s u r f a c e , n o t m o r e
t h a n 8 0 0 m m h o r i z o n t a l l y a n d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 5 0 0 m m v e r t i c a l l y f r o m a c c e s s w a l k w a ys a n d
normal working areas.
Guards shall be either of wire mesh cages or covers made from > 60 % perforated
a l u m i n i z e d s t e e l , t yp e 2 , s h e e t s . C o n c e p t u a l a r r a n g e m e n t s s h a l l b e s u b m i t t e d b y
C O N T R AC T O R f o r C O M P A N Y ' s a p p r o v a l .
S u r f a c e s w i t h t e m p e r a t u r e s a b o v e 0 ° C u p t o 60 ° C s h a l l n o t b e p e r s o n n e l p r o t e c t e d .
Surfaces with temperatures above 60°C up to 250°C and accessible from normal working
a r e a s a n d a c c e s s w a y s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h p e r s o n n e l p r o t ec t i o n m a d e of mesh or guards.
The distances of the guards for hot surfaces up to 250°C shall be acc. to table 10 of this
specification. The protection shall be restricted to a distance of not more than 800 mm
h o r i z o n t a l l y a n d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 5 0 0 m m v e r t i c a l l y f r o m a c c e s s w a l k w a ys and normal working
areas.
For sur f a c e p r o c e s s t e m p e r a t u r e s > 2 5 0 ° C i n s u l a t i o n w i t h m i n e r a l w o o l a c c . t o i n s u l a t i o n

t yp e "W " s h a l l b e u s e d f o r p e r s o n n e l p r o t e c t i o n . T h e i n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s e s f o r p e r s o n n e l
protection > 250°C shall be acc. to table 10 of this specification.
Hot surfaces due to sun radiation are excluded from this requirement.
9 COLD INSULATION AND CONDENSATION PREVENTION [C, CS, CES]

Cold insulation and condensation prevention insulation inside Salalah's 1000 MTPD
A m m o n ia p l a n t s h a l l b e m a d e f r o m c e l l u l a r g l a s s .
T h e p r e- f o r m e d s e c t i o n s s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e t o t h e c o m p o n e n t ’ s s u r f a c e . T h e s e c t i o n s s h a l l b e
installed with tightly sealed joints (exception expansion joints only, see section 8.4).The pre-
formed sections shall be installed without any adhesive onto the component. The inner
s u r f a c e f a c i n g t o t h e c o m p o n e n t s h a l l b e c o a t e d w i t h a l a ye r o f a b r a s i o n p r o t e c t i o n .
P r e- f o r m e d s e c t i o n s w i t h s t a g g e r e d ( s t e p- l i k e f o l d e d ) s e a m s s h a l l b e u s e d f o r s i n g l e l a y e r
d e s i g n . L o n g i t u d i n a l a n d c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l s e a m s s h a l l b e p r o p e r l y s e a l e d c o v e r i n g t h e b u t t-
jointed surface.
I n c a s e o f m u l t i- la ye r d e s i g n a l l j o i n t s s h a l l b e i n s t a g g e r e d p o s i t i o n s . T h e b u t t- j o i n t s o f t h e
o u t e r l a ye r o n l y s h a l l b e g l u e d .
Remaining cavities, e.g. at penetrations, shall be filled with sealing compounds.
E a c h l a ye r s h a l l b e f a s t e n e d b y t e n s i o n b a n d s w i t h a d i s t a n c e o f ≤ 3 0 0 m m .

Table 5: Material properties of cellular glass
Data Acceptable Ap p l i c a b l e s t a n d a r d
Temperature range -200°C to +427°C n/a
Density 115 kg/m³ ASTM C 303
Closed cell content 100% ASTM D 6226
W at e r v a p o u r M a x . 0 g / m ² ( 2 3 ° C ; 5 0 % r e l . h u m i d i t y) ASTM E 96 / E 96M
permeability
Leachable chlorides Max. 45 ppm ASTM C 871
pH value 6 to 10 ASTM C 871
Flame spread index Max. 0 ASTM E 84
Compressive strength 500 kPa from -200°C to +427°C in all ASTM C 165
directions
T a b l e 6 : M a x i m u m t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v it y o f c e l l u l a r g l a s s
M ea n m a t e r i a l t e m p . [ ° C ] M ax . t h e r m a l M ax . t h e r m a l
conductivity [W/mK] conductivity BTU
[hr.ft.F ]
400 0,130 0,076
300 0,100 0,058
200 0,074 0,043
100 0,053 0,031
0 0,036 0,021
-100 0,023 0,013
-150 0,018 0,011
-180 0,016 0,009
9.1 Insulation for piping

P i p e s s h a l l b e i n s u l a t e d w i t h p i p e- s e c t i o n s / s e g m e n t s d e p e n d i n g o n t h e s u i t a b i l i t y.
9.2 Insulation for valves and flanges (boxes and hoods)

V a l v e s a n d f l a n g e s s h a l l b e i n s u l a t e d w i t h p i p e- s e c t i o n s o r s e g m e n t s . F o r p r e - s h a p e d
pieces, all joint surfaces shall be bonded all over, and fastened by tension bands.
The required insulation thickness shall be achieved all over. The adjacent pipe insulation of
hoods and removable boxes shall be overlapped at each side, with at least a length of the
insulation thickness.

No valve shaft extensions shall be insulated. The insulation shall be designed, that the
m ai n t e n a n c e o f t h e v a l v e ( s t u f f i n g b o x ) c a n b e p e r f o r m e d w i t h o u t r e m o v a l o f t h e i n s u l a t i o n .
B l i n d f l a n g e s o f d r a i n a n d v e n t n o z z l e s s h a l l b e i n s u l a t e d a f t e r r e l e a s e b y C o n t r a c t o r o n l y.
If applicable and determined by the construction management, all insulated flange

connections shall be equipped with PTFE (Teflon) sniffing hoses for leakage control.
9.3 Insulation of equipment

C yl i n d r i c a l e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e i n s u l a t e d w i t h s e g m e n t s . E q u i p m e n t w i t h f l a t s u r f a c e s s h a l l
be insulated with boards.
9.4 Expansion/ Contraction joint

To avoid stresses resulting from different expansions between the component and the
insulants, expansion joints shall be foreseen. Arrangements and sizes of the expansion
joints depend on the operating temperature of the component and the insulation design. It
shall be individually specified in detail by the insulation contractor.
Generally expansion joints shall be performed between:
 Fixing point / fixing point
 Support / support
 Support / fittings
 Fittings / fittings
Fittings are e.g. nozzles, T-pieces, elbows, valves, flanges.
The cladding shall be sealed according to table 7.
Table 7: Sealing Spots and Sealing Materials for Insulation with Cellular Glass
Sealing Spot Sealing Material
Permanent elastic seal tape on the basis

Between metal cladding lap joints o f p o l yi s o b u t yl o r o f a n e q u i v a l e n t
m at e r i a l , a p p r o x . 2 m m t h i c k
Above metal cladding seams, on

A l u m i n i u m - b i t u m e n o r b u t yl a d h e s i v e
n o n- i n s u l a t e d p en e t r a t i o n s o f t h e
tape, approx. 2mm thick
m etal c l a d d i n g
Supports of tanks and equipment Bituminous tapes with aluminium foil,

with flat bottom approx. 2.2mm thick
Permanent elastic mastic tape on the

On pipe ends with adjacent flange b a s i s o f b u t yl r u b b e r , f a b r i c - r e i n f o r c e d , o r
insulation of an equivalent material, approx. 2mm
thick

9.5 Vapour barrier

The vapour barrier shall be installed directly after installation of the cellular glass,
longitudinal seams and circumferential seams shall be sealed. Vapour barrier foil and
s e a l i n g s h a l l b e m a d e i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t a b l e 8.
F o r c o m p o n e n t s w i t h o p e r a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s ≤ 3 2 ° C ( i n s u l a t i o n t yp e C a n d c o m b i n a t i o n s ) a
vapour barrier shall be installed to cover the entire insulation.
A permanent elastic sealing compound, fabric-reinforced, shall be wrapped around the

insulation of the support and shall be fastened on the vapour barrier of the pipe insulation.
The longitudinal and circumferential seams of the vapour barrier shall be glued.
Table 8: Vapour barrier- and cladding sealing materials
Service
Item M at e r i a l Ap p l i c a t i o n Dimensions temp.
Limits
B u t yl r u b b e r a d h e s i v e -30 °C
faced foil with ≥25 µm ≥ 1 mm thick
A1 aluminium foil and to
strengthened by a 1.9 kg/m²
PET foil +80 °C
Multiplex foil as Vapour barrier tape/foil

vapour barrier made to cover and seal
of PIR/PUR slabs/sections -80 °C
50 µm thick
A2 1 2 µ m p o l ye s t e r f o i l to
106 g/m²
25 µm aluminium foil +150 °C
12 µm p o l ye s t e r f o i l
B u t yl r u b b e r a d h e s i v e ≥ 1 mm thick -30 °C
faced tape with ≥25 Sealing joints of the
B1 µm aluminium foil and b u t yl r u b b e r f a c e d ≥ 20 N/cm to
strengthened by a aluminium foil A1 tensile
PET foil strength +80 °C
116 MPa
tensile streng -80 °C
Multiplex tape with th
Sealing the joints of the
B2 acr yl i c a d h e s i v e a n d to
m ul t i p l e x f o i l A 2
silicon released paper 17.5 kg/25
mm adhesive +150 °C
power
0 . 7- 0 . 8 m m
-190 °C
V a p o u r s t o p a s va p o u r dr y t h i c k n e s s
2- c o m p o n e n t
barrier coating on
C elastomeric adhesive to
terminations of PIR/PUR 200 N/cm²
compound
insulation tensile streng
+120 °C
th

≥ 0.6 mm
Sealing of cladding -30 °C
B i t u m e n / b u t yl r u b b e r thick
joints, filling and vent
tape faced with ≥50
D holes, penetrations to
µm aluminium foil and ≥ 15 N/cm
t h r o u g h t h e c l a d d i n g,
separation foil tensile
butt joints, etc. +70 °C
strength
Permanently flexible
vapour barrier sealant
and bedding compound -150 °C
for joints of PIR/PUR 3.2 mm to
E l a s t o m e r ic b a s e d
E foam and where 1.6 mm wet to
compound
structural parts film thickness
penetrate the cladding. +70 °C
-70 °C
Gluing and sealing of
2- c o m p o n e n t u r e t h a n e PIR/PUR sections/slabs
F to
adhesive/sealant to itself and to metal
substrates
+150 °C
-40 °C
Permanently flexible
approx.
B u t yl - i s o b u t yl e n e tape to seal the overlap
G 2 m m thick to
based tape between the metal
tape
cladding
+80 °C
-15 °C
A d h e s i v e g l a s f i b r e-
Fastening of PIR/PUR width ≥ 25
H r e i n f o r c e d s yn t h e t i c to
slabs/sections mm
tape
+40 °C
13x0.5 mm
K SS band Fastening of cladding and 19x0.5 n/a
mm
9.6 Vapour stop

The function of a vapour stop is to minimize the ingress of humidity into the insulation
s ys t e m a t i n s u l a t i o n e n d s a n d t o a v o i d c o r r o s i o n u n d e r i n s u l a t i o n .
The locations for installation of vapour stops are:
 Supports
 valves, flanges and fittings
 n o n- i n s u l a t e d p e n e t r a t i o n s
 terminations
 breaks of insulation
V a p o u r s t o p s s h a l l b e m a d e o f a p e r m a n e n t e l a s t i c s e a l i n g c o m p o u n d , f a b r i c - r e i n f or c e d ,
a c c o r d i n g t o c l a u s e 9. 5, t a b l e 8 . I t s h a l l b e w r a p p e d a r o u n d t h e c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l s e a m o f t h e

i n s u l a t i o n l a ye r a n d s h a l l b e f a s t e n e d a t t h e v a p o u r b a r r i e r o f t h e p i p e i n s u l a t i o n a n d a t t h e
pipe.
At m u l t i- l a ye r i n s u l a t i o n s ys t e m s t h e v a p o u r s t o p s s h a l l b e s t a g g e r e d a n d p e r f o r m e d a s f o r
the circumferential seam.
9.7 Cold Insulation, electrically traced [CE, CES]

F o r i n s u l a t i o n T yp e C E a n d C E S s p e c i a l c a r e s h a l l b e t a k e n t o a v o i d d a m a g e o f t h e e l e c t r i c
tr a c i n g c a b l e s . T h e c a b l e s s h a l l n o t g e t i n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e c l a d d i n g
The electrical traced pipes or equipment shall be covered with pure aluminium foil with a
thickness of 100 µm underneath the insulation.
T h e a c o u s t i c r e q u i r e m e n t s o f i n s u l a t i o n t yp e C E S a r e s p e c i f i e d i n a r t i c l e 1 2
10 COLD INSULATION OF AMMONIA LOADING PIPING (section "rack"), [C1]

I n s u l a t i o n m a t e r i a l f o r c o l d i n s u l a t i o n o f Am m o n i a p i p i n g a t s e c t i o n " r a c k " s h a l l b e
p o l yi s o c ya n u r a t e/ p o l y u r e t h a n e P I R / P U R f o a m .
N o C F C ' s o r H F C C 1 4 1- b s h a l l b e u s e d i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f P I R / P U R f o a m m a t e r i a l s .
10.1 Insulation Material

Piping and equipment shall be insulated with slabs or sections. Valves and flanges shall be
i n s u l a t e d b y i n- s i t u f o a m .
I n s u l a t i o n m a t e r i a l s h a l l b e r i g i d P I R / P U R f oam m e e t i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g m i n i m u m
requirements:
 The density of the PIR/PUR-foam shall be ≥ 40 kg/m³ acc. to ASTM D 1622

For OT below -50 °C the density shall be ≥ 50 kg/m³
 The closed cells content shall be ≥ 90 % in acc. to ASTM D 6226
 The water absorption shall be ≤ 5 % in acc. to ASTM C 534
 T h e m i n i m u m r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e v a l u e s o f t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y o f P I R / P U R- f oam
a c c . t o A S T M C 1 7 7 a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e 9. T h e v a l u e s s h a l l b e c e r t i f i e d b y a u t h o r i z e d
test institutes.
T a b l e 9: R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t i e s
T h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y λ [W /m K]
I n s u l a t io n
m at eri al
at temperature tm [°C]
60 40 20 0 - 20 - 40 - 60 - 80 -100 -120 -160
PIR/PUR
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01
slabs/
5 3 1 9 0 2 2 1 1 9 6
sections
PUR
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
in situ 8 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 1
foam

The combustibility of the PIR/PUR foam shall have a flame spread index < 25 acc. to ASTM
E 84.
T h e t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e f o r u s i n g P I R / P U R f oam i s r e s t r i c t e d f r o m - 18 0 ° C u p t o +10 0 ° C .
The packaging of PIR/PUR slabs/sections shall be labelled with the following information:
 Trade name and name of manufacturer
 Delivery dimensions (inner diameter, insulation thickness, etc.)
 Quantity
 Kind of insulation material
 Quality surveillance
P I R / P U R s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d f r o m c h l o r i d e- c o n t a m i n a t i o n a n d w e a t h e r i n g . I t s h a l l b e s t o r e d
dr y a n d U V p r o t e c t e d i n U V r e s i s t a n t p o l ye t h y l e n e s h e e t s , t a r p a u l i n s o r i n c l o s e d c o n t a i n e r s
and acc. to the manufacturers recommendations.
In situ PUR foam shall be produced on SITE by high pressure mixing equipment processing
t w o c o m p o ne n t r i g i d- f oam s y s t e m s b y t h e d i s p e n s i n g p r o c e s s . T h e m a t e r i a l s f o r t h i s p r o c e s s
a r e p r e- f or m u l a t e d t w o - c o m p o n e n t s p o l yu r e t h a n e- f o a m - s ys t e m s m a n u f a c t u r e d b y a c e r t i f i e d
m an u f a c t u r e r , s u i t a b l e f o r t h e r e s p e c t i v e O T o f t h e o b j e c t t o b e i n s u l a t e d .
The component materials used to produce in situ PUR foam shall be stored and transported
in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and used within the manufacturer's
advised shelf life. In particular the manufacturer's recommendations regarding the
temper a t u r e t o b e m a i n t a i n e d d u r i n g t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d s t o r a g e s h a l l b e s t r i c t l y o b s e r v e d .
Insulation thicknesses are specified in table 13: Insulation Thickness Table for Cold
I n s u l a t i o n a n d C o n d e n s a t i o n P r e v e n t i o n [ C ].
10.2 Vapour Barriers, Sealants and Fastening Materials

To prevent ingress of water and water vapour into the PIR/PUR insulation material, a vapour
barrier shall be installed and properly sealed.
The sealing materials shall be permanently flexible, chemically inert, dimensionally stable,
u v- r e s i s t a n t a n d s h a l l n o t d e c a y o r a g e .
O n l y d u r a b l e e l a s t i c t a p e s / s t r i p s a n d s e a l i n g c o m p o u n d s s h a l l b e u s e d t o s e a l t h e c l a d d i n g.
They shall withstand the expected maximum and minimum temperatures, including the
consideration of solar radiation.
A l l j o i n t s o f t h e v a po u r b a r r i e r s h a l l b e s e a l e d w i t h a p e r m a n e n t e l a s t i c s e a l i n g t a p e a c c . t o
item F of Table 8 of this specification.
Cut outs of the cladding at penetrations shall be sealed with permanent elastic sealing strips
o r c o m p o u n d s a c c . t o i t e m E a n d F o f T a b l e 8 of t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n .
10.3 Cladding
C l a d d i n g m at e r i a l f o r i n s u l a t i o n f o r c o l d c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d c o n d e n s a t i o n p r e v e n t i o n [ C ] s h a l l
b e m ad e o f A l u m i n i z e d S t e e l T yp e 2 a c c . t o a r t i c l e 7 . 2 C l a d d i n g .
The cladding shall be fastened with SS bands acc. to item K of table 8 of this specification.

10.4 Installation
I n s u l a t i o n a p p l i c a t i o n s h a l l o n l y s t a r t a f t e r w r i t t e n r e l e a s e o f C O M P A N Y.
Before the insulation is applied, the surface to be insulated shall be clean and dry.
All metal parts protruding the PIR/PUR-insulation shall be insulated with the same insulation
thickness as the protruded insulation for the length of 4 times the insulation thickness.
10.4.1 PIR/PUR sections/ segments
10.4.1.1 Straight Piping / Equipment
S t r a i g h t p i p e s , f i t t i n g s a n d e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e i n s u l a t e d w i t h P I R / P U R p r e f o r m e d c yl i n d r i c a l
sections or segments, flat surfaces with slabs.
E a c h l a ye r s h a l l b e f a s t e n e d w i t h t a p e s a c c . t o i t e m H o f T a b l e 8 , a t l e a s t 4 p e r m e t e r i n a
s ym m et r i c a l o r d e r .
T h e f i r s t l a ye r s h a l l n o t b e b o n d e d t o t h e s u b s t r a t e .
All joints shall be fitted tight and sealed with adhesive acc. to item E or F of Table 8.
A t s i n g l e l a ye r i n s u l a t i o n , a l l s e a m s s h a l l b e s t e p p e d ; a t m u l t i l a y e r e d i n s u l a t i o n , a l l j o i n t s
shall be staggered.
T h e i n s u l a t i o n s ys t e m s h a l l i n c l u d e a s u f f i c i e n t n u m b e r o f c o n t r a c t i o n j o i n t s . C o n t r a c t i o n
joints and their positions shall be designed by CONTRACTOR based on the expected
differential contraction between piping/equipment and insulation material at extreme
t e m p e r a t u r es a n d s h a l l b e a p p r o v e d b y C O M P A N Y p r i o r t o c o m m e n c i n g t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n .
T h e c o n t r a c t i o n j o i n t s s h a l l b e f i l l e d w i t h f le x i b l e e l a s t o m e r i c f o a m ( F E F ) .
At v e r t i c a l p i p i n g a n d e q u i p m e n t , a c o n t r a c t i o n j o i n t s h a l l b e a p p l i e d d i r e c t l y b e n e a t h e a c h
s u p p o r t i n g r i n g . I n c a s e o f a s i n g l e l a ye r i n s u l a t i o n , a s e c o n d l a ye r o f t h e s a m e i n s u l a t i o n
thickness shall be applied at the contraction joint.
10.4.1.2 Elbows and fittings
For elbows, T-pieces and reducers, etc. pre-fabricated PIR/PUR sections shall be used.
A l t e r n a t i v e l y, s e c t i o n s m a y b e c u t o u t o f s t r a i g h t s e c t i o n s o r s e g m e n t p i e c e s o r a
c o m b i n a t i o n o f b o t h t o f a b r i c a t e s h a p e- f ol l o w i n g P I R / P U R i n s u l a t i o n . T h e l a ye r t h i c k n e s s
a n d c o n n e c t i o n t yp e s h a l l c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e i n s u l a t i o n s y s t e m o f t h e p i p i n g .
10.4.1.3 Vapour barrier
The entire outer surface of the PIR/PUR insulation shall be provided with a vapour barrier.
A vapour barrier acc. to item A1 or A2 of Table 8 shall be installed tightly on top of the
PIR/PUR insulation directly after the application of the insulation sections/segments/slabs.
T h e v a p o u r b a r r i e r m a y b e p r e f e r a b l y f ac t o r y a p p l i e d .
The PIR/PUR insulation shall be dry and free from pollution prior to the application of the
vapour barrier.

The seams of the vapour barrier shall overlap ≥ 50 mm and shall be sealed with tape acc. to
item B1 resp. B2 of Table 8.
The vapour barrier of the COMPANY supplied supports shall be sealed against the vapour
b a r r i e r o f t h e i n s u l a t e d p i p i n g w i t h t a p e a c c . t o i t e m B 1 r e s p . B 2 o f T a b l e 8.
10.4.1.4 Vapour stops
Vapour stops consisting of compound acc. to item C of Table 8 reinforced with a fabric shall
be applied at the face side of the PIR/PUR insulation at insulation ends, each side of valves,
flanges, supports and at the lowermost point of vertical pipes having a length of more than
4m .
10.4.1.5 Cladding
The installation of the cladding shall be as specified in article 7.4.3 with the following
m od i f i c a t i o n s :
 T h e m e t a l c l a d d i n g s h a l l b e f i x e d w i t h S S- b a nd s m i n i m u m 1 3 x 0 . 5 m m a t i n t e r v a l s ≤
300 mm. Self-tapping screws and blind rivets shall not be used in order to avoid any
dam a g e o f t h e v a p o u r b a r r i e r .
 Overlaps at joints shall not be sealed.
 A spacer construction is not required because the cladding is supported by the rigid
sections, segments or slabs.
 To compensate the movements at contraction joints, a circumferential sliding joint

shall be installed above every contraction joint. CONTRACTOR shall submit the
d e s i g n d e t a i l s t o C O M P A N Y f or a p p r o v a l p r i o r to c o m m e n c i n g t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n .
10.4.1.6 Contraction bellows
Expansion or contraction bellows located in insulated pipes shall also be insulated. For cold
insulation the following shall be provided:
A 0 . 4 m m t h i c k s t a i n l e s s s t e e l s h e e t s h a l l b e c yl i n d r i c a l l y f o r m e d o v e r t h e o u t e r d i a m e t e r o f
the bellows in order to ensure free movements of the bellows. The cylindrically formed
s h e e t s s h a l l b e f i x e d t o t h e f l a n g e s o f t h e b e l l o w s . T h e l e n g t h o f t h e c yl i n d e r s h a l l b e t h e
m ax i m u m e x p a n d e d l e n g t h o f t h e b e l l o w s p l u s t w i c e t h e i n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s .
The covered bellows shall be insulated in the same way as a standard pipe with an at least
t w o- la ye r s ys t e m o f p r e f a b r i c a t e d P I R / P U R s l a b s / s e c t i o n s .
CONTRACTOR shall submit the bellows insulation design for the approval of COMPANY prior
to commencing the installation.
10.4.2 In situ dispensed PUR foam at valves and flanges
Cold insulation of valves and flanges shall be achieved with in situ dispensed PUR foam via
injection in an installed metallic cladding box that acts as well as a primary vapour barrier.
PE foil and a 20 mm thick rock wool blanket, backed with aluminum foil and sealed at the
seams with aluminum tape, shall be wrapped as close as possible around the valve or flange
to avoid adhesion of the foam onto the body of the flange or valve.
S h o p- f a b r i c a t e d m e t a l b o x e s , d e s i g n e d t o w i t h s t a n d t h e p r e s s u r e g e n e r a t e d b y t h e f o a m ,
shall be positioned and secured to encase the valve or flange. Prior to placing the box, all
joints on the inside of the box shall be covered with sealing tape acc. to item D of Table 6.

After installation and before PUR foam injection all seams and penetrations of the metal box
shall be sealed at the outside with tape acc. to item D of Table 6.
In situ PUR foam acc. to article 9.2 shall be injected into the space inside the metal box by
high pressure mixing equipment. The high pressure mixing equipment shall be operated by
experienced specialists. The CV of the specialists shall be submitted to and the specialists
a p p r o v e d b y C O M P A N Y' s S I T E m a n a g e m e n t b e f o r e s t a r t i n g o f a n y f o a m i n g w o r k .
The minimum thickness of the injected PUR foam shall be the same as the insulation
thickness of the adjacent piping or equipment PIR/PUR insulation.
Boxes shall be designed rainproof, e.g. upper sides shall have a slope > 3° and the upper
edges shall be built to assure complete drainage of water and other liquids.
Blind flanges of drain and vent valves may only be insulated upon release of SITE
m an a g e m e n t .
F l a n g e c o n n e c t i o n s i n s u l a t e d p r i o r t o c o m m i s s i o n i n g s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h s n i f f i n g- t u b e s
for leakage control.
11 COLD INSULATION OF AMMONIA LOADING PIPING (section "jetty") [C2]

I n s u l a t i o n m a t e r i a l f o r c o l d i n s u l a t i o n o f Am m o n i a l o a d i n g p i p i n g a t s e c t i o n " j e t t y" s h a l l b e
f r o m p o l yisoc ya n u r a t e / p o l yu r e t h a n e P I R / P U R f o a m .
N o C F C ' s o r H F C C 1 4 1- b s h a l l b e u s e d i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f P I R / P U R f o a m m a t e r i a l s .
Piping and equipment shall be insulated with slabs or sections. Valves and flanges shall be
insulated by in situ foam.
11.1 Material
M a t e r i a l f o r p i p i n g i n s u l a t i o n s h a l l b e a c c . t o c h a p t er 10 . 1 o f t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n .
11.2 Vapour Barriers, Sealants and Fastening Materials

V a p o u r b a r r i e r s h a l l b e a c c . t o c h a p t e r 1 0. 2 o f t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n
11.3 Cladding
C l a d d i n g m at e r i a l f o r i n s u l a t i o n f o r c o l d c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d c o n d e n s a t i o n p r e v e n t i o n o f p i p i n g
f r o m a t s e c t i o n " j e t t y" s h a l l b e f r o m U V c u r a b l e G l a s s R e i n f o r c e d P l a s t i c ( G R P )
The GRP shall be applied over a multiplex foil vapour barrier.
GRP cladding shall be weather resistant, a laminate based on glass fibre reinforced
p o l ye s t e r r e s i n s a n d U V c u r a b l e .
T h e s u r f a c e t o b e f i n i s h e d w i t h G R P s h a l l b e e v e n , c l e a n a n d d r y.
The application of GRP shall be acc. to manufacturers application manual.
For curing, natural UV light shall be used. If natural light is insufficient, UV lamps shall be
used for curing.
M a t e r i a l p r o p e r t i e s o f G R P s h a l l b e p e r t a b l e 1 0:

T a b l e 1 0: G R P m a t e r i a l p r o p e r t i e s ( U V c u r a b l e )
Acceptable Level Applicable Standard
Temperature range 0°C to 90°C n/a
n/a
W eight 2 kg/m²
n/a
Bending strength 130 MPa
n/a
Tensile strength 50 MPA
n/a
Compressive strength 125 MPa
n/a
Elongation at break 1%
n/a
Impact resistance 57 kJ/m²
n/a
Temper 45 Barcol
n/a
L a ye r t h i c k n e s s 1,5 mm
W at e r v a p o u r p e r m e a b i l i t y 0,001 g ASTM E 96 / E 96 M, proc. E
Flame spread index ≤20 ASTM E 84

Class I BS 476
Flash point ≥ 32°C ASTM D 93
11.4 Installation
Insulation application shall only start after written release of COMPANY.
All metal parts protruding the PIR/PUR-insulation shall be insulated with the same insulation
t h i c k n e s s a s t h e p r ot r u d e d i n s u l a t i o n f o r t h e l e n g t h o f 4 t i m e s t h e i n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s .
T h e i n s t a l l a t i o n s h a l l b e a c c . t o c h a p t e r 10 . 4 o f t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n .
The installation of the GRP shall be acc. to chapter 11.3 of this specification and the
m an u f a c t u r e r ' s a p p l i c a t i o n m an u a l
12 COLD INSULATION OF UNDERGROUND AMMONIA LOADING PIPING [C3]

Insulation application shall only start after written release of COMPANY.
a n d s h a l l t a k e t e m p o r a r y p r e c a u ti o n s i f n e c e s s a r y t o e n s u r e p r o p e r a p p l i c a t i o n .
Cold insulation for underground Ammonia loading piping shall be made from cellular glass
a c c . t o c h a p t e r 9 o f t h i s s p e c i f ic a t i o n .
T he C l a d d i n g s h a l l b e f r o m G R P a c c . t o a r t i c l e 1 1 . 3

In addition the GRP shall be covered (wrapped) with a protective tape system made from
B u t yl r u b b e r a d h e s i v e w i t h P E b a c k i n g t o a v o i d d a m a g e f r o m m e c h a n i c a l s t r e s s e s a n d
corrosive environments. The tape shall have a width ≥100 mm and shall be wrapped with an
overlapping area of 50%.
Reference: Denso or equivalent
13 ACOUSTIC INSULATION [S, WS, WES, CS, CES]
13.1 General
N o i s e r e d u c t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g s h a l l b e d o n e b y C O M P A N Y.
I t i s e s s e n t i a l , t h a t t h e c l a d d i n g s h a l l n o t b e i n d i r e c t o r i n d i r e c t m e t a l- to- m et a l c o n t a c t w i t h
the pipe, equipment or protrusions.
Suitable vibration isolation between supporting structures and components is not part of this
specification.
A c o u s t i c i n s u l a t i o n w o r k s h a l l o n l y s t a r t a f t e r w r i t t e n r e l e a s e o f C O M P A N Y.
Prior to commencing acoustic insulation work CONTRACTOR shall observe the weather
conditions and shall take temporary precautions if necessary to ensure proper application.
B e f o r e t h e a c o u s t i c i n s u l a t i o n i s a p p l i e d , t h e s u r f a c e t o b e i n s u l a t e d s h a l l b e c l e a n a n d d r y.
13.2 Acoustic Insulation [S]

T h e s i n g l e l a ye r a c o u s t i c i n s u l a t i o n s y s t e m s h a l l b e m a d e o f o n e l a y e r i n s u l a t i o n m a t e r i a l
a c c . t o a r t i c l e 7 . 1 . 1 o r 7 . 1 . 2.
In deviation to 7.1.1 the density of the mineral wool mats or sections shall be min. 100
kg/m³.
A n t i- boom f o i l s h a l l b e a p p l i e d o n t h e i n n e r s i d e o f t h e m e t a l c l a d d i n g a c c . t o 7. 3 . 5 . T h e
a n t i- b o o m c o a t i n g s h a l l h a v e a s p e c i f i c w e i g h t o f > 2 . 0 k g / m ² a n d m a y c o n s i s t o f a s e l f -
adhesive board cut to size or a specific mastic coating. It shall be applied on the inside of
the c l a d d i n g o n a r a t e o f ≥ 9 0 % o f t h e s u r f a c e.
T h e c l a d d i n g s h a l l b e m ad e f r o m a l u m i n i z e d s t e e l a c c . t o a r t i c l e 7 . 2 .
At acoustic insulation the legs of spacers acc. to article 7.3.1 shall include a steel spring
elem en t i n f o r m o f a n Ω( o m e g a ) o r s i m i l a r , s u i t a b l e t o c a r r y t h e l o a d a p p l i e d a n d t o r e d u c e
n o i s e t r a n s f e r f r o m t h e o b j e c t t o t h e c l a d d i n g.
On horizontal pipes insulated with mineral wool sections, it will normally not be necessary to
support the cladding.
13.3 Combined Hot and Acoustic Insulation [WS, WES]

In case both, hot insulation and acoustic insulation is required, the design shall be similar to
a r t i c l e 1 3. 2 A c o u s t i c I n s u l a t i o n .
T h e t h i c k n e s s f o r i n s u l a t i o n l a ye r s h a l l b e d e t e r m i n e d b y m o r e s t r i n g e n t o f t h e two
requirements.
F o r i n s u l a t i o n T yp e W E and W ES s p e c i a l c a r e s h a l l b e t a k e n t o a v o i d d a m a g e o f t h e e l e c t r i c
tracing cables. The cables shall not get in contact with the wire mesh of the mineral wool
m at s o r t h e c l a d d i n g . T h e e l e c t r i c t r a c i n g c a b l e s a n d t h e t r a c e d c o m p o n e n t s h a l l b e w r a p p e d
with aluminium foil as specified in article 6.3.4 underneath the insulation.

13.4 Combined Cold and Acoustic Insulation [CS, CES]

In case both, cold insulation and acoustic insulation is required, the design shall be a two
l a yer s y s t e m .
T h e i n n e r l a ye r o f t h i s c o m b i n e d i n s u l a t i o n t y p e s h a l l b e c o l d i n s u l a t i o n s i m i l a r t o a r t i c l e 9
b u t w i t h o u t t h e c l a d d i n g s p e c i f i e d i n a r t i c l e 1 0. 3 a n d 10 .4 . 1. 5 .
T h e o u t e r l a ye r s h a l l b e a c o u s t i c i n s u l a t i o n a c c o r d i n g a r t i c l e 1 0. 3 w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g
deviations:
 T h e s u p p o r t s f o r t h e c l a d d i n g w i t h i t s a n t i- b o o m c o a t i n g s h a l l b e m ad e o f h i g h d e n s i t y
m in e r a l w o o l b l o c k s w i t h a d e n s i t y o f a p p r o x . 1 2 0 k g / m ³ i n s t e a d o f s t e e l s p a c e r r i n g s
to protect the vapour barrier of the cold insulation.
 A v a p o u r b a r r i e r a c c o r d i n g t o a r t i c l e 1 0. 2, t a b l e 8 s h a l l b e a p p l i e d o n t o p o f t h e e n t i r e
outer surface of the mineral wool.
 T h e a n t i- b o o m m a t e r i a l s h a l l b e g l u e d o n t h e i n s i d e o f t h e o u t e r c l a d d i n g.
 T h e c l a d d i n g s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d w i t h S S- b a n d s a c c . t o i t e m K o f t a b l e 8
 Vapour stops shall be applied at the face sides of the acoustical mineral wool
insulation and shall be connected and sealed to the vapour stops of the cold
insulation.
O n t o p o f P U R i n s i t u i n s u l a t e d v a l v e s a n d f l a n g e s a c c . t o a r t i c l e 1 0. 4 . 2 , a n a d d i t i onal
acoustical insulation box with a mineral wool design as described above shall be installed.
14 QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL
14.1 General
CONTRACTOR shall inform COMPANY in writing and without delay of any concerns
regarding the execution of the planned insulation work.
B e f o r e s t a r t i n g i n s u l a t i o n w o r k , C O N T R A C T O R s h a l l s u b m i t t o C O M P A N Y f or a p p r o v a l a
Q u a l i t y S ys t e m M a n u a l b a s e d o n I S O 9 0 0 1 . T h e q u a l i t y s ys t e m s h a l l i n c l u d e s p e c i f i c Q A / Q C
procedures for the work and test procedures for all materials.
The QC procedures shall include an inspection and test plan (ITP) with references to all test
p r o c e d u r e s , n u m b e r o f s a m p l e s , h o l d- p o i n t s a n d w i t n e s s p o i n t s , a c c e p t a n c e a n d r e j e c t i o n
criteria and frequency of tests.
CONTRACTOR shall provide facilities for the inspection of all materials and application
procedures before and during the insulation work, up to the contractual completion date.
Inspections shall be carried out during and after completion of any stage and before
commencement of the following stage, beginning with material checks and ending with final
acceptance.
This program shall be established by CONTRACTOR and shall comprise but not be limited to
the following items:
 Competencies
 Q A- T e s t s t e p s w i t h d e s c r i p t i o n
 Acceptance procedure
 R e f e r e n c e d o c u m e n ts

14.2 Inspection
14.2.1 Inspection of materials
Inspection of materials shall be performed either at the material manufacturer's works or on

SIT E.
Laboratory test results for various insulation and ancillary materials obtained by independent
t e s t l a b o r a t or i e s s h a l l b e s u b m i t t e d t o C O M P A N Y p r i o r t o t h e c o m m e n c e m e n t o f t h e w o r k
together with the data sheets, material manufacturer's instructions and method statements of
CONTRACTOR.
Should the PUR in situ foam material be delivered in multiple production batches, one
lab o r a t o r y t e s t s h a l l b e p e r f o r m e d a t t h e m a t e r i a l m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s f a c t o r y a n d t h e t e s t r e s u l t s
s u b m i t t e d . F o r a l l o t h e r b a t c h e s a “ C o m p l i a n c e C e r t i f i c a t e ” s h a l l b e s u b m i t t e d c e r t i f yi n g t h a t
the materials are in accordance with the technical specifications of the first production
batch. Each batch used on SITE shall be clearly marked to allow rapid tracing of the origin of
t h e s u p p l y. D i s c r e p a n c i e s s h a l l b e n o t e d i n t h e D a i l y L o g b o o k .
14.2.2 Inspection during installation of insulation systems
Inspections shall be carried out on material and application during the whole time of
installation to ensure compliance with the specifications.
CONTRACTOR shall maintain a complete Construction Logbook with date and page
num b e r i n g a n d r e g u l a r e n t r i e s o n p r o g r e s s , a c t i v i t i e s a n d i n c i d e n t s f r o m t h e s t a r t o f w o r k
and during the whole time of insulation work.
The logbook, records and plans shall be submitted to COMPANY unrequested, regularly and
together with the documentation.
14.2.3 Inspection procedure for in situ dispensed PUR
CONTRACTOR shall draw up the inspection procedure and control reports shall be
e s t a b l i s h e d f o r e a c h v a l v e , f l a n g e a n d m a n h o l e i n o r d e r t o a s s e s s t h e s t e p- b y- s t e p
inspection status on a continuous basis.
The inspection procedure shall include but not be limited to the following tests, documented
i n a p p r o p r i a t e d a t a s h e e t s a n d p e r f o r m e d d a i l y:
 From each foaming machine before the start of dispensing work, a sample shall be
m ad e i n a c l o s e d m o u l d t o s i m u l a t e c o n d i t i o n s i n p r a c t i c e . E a c h s a m p l e s h a l l b e
e x a m i n e d f o r d en s i t y, c l o s e d c e l l c o n t e n t a n d v i s u a l a p p e a r a n c e . S a m p l e s s h a l l b e
t e s t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h a r t i c l e 1 2. 3 .
 Machine foaming test in free expansion to determine the same values as specified in
the last enumeration
 Measuring and recording of all data such as:
- am b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e
- relative humidity
- o p e r a t i n g a n d r e- c i r c u l a t i o n p r e s s u r e s f o r t h e p o u r i n g m a c h i n e s
 I n s p e c t i o n o f t h e c a v i t i e s to b e i n j e c t e d f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g
- temperature

- humidity / water pockets
- accessibility
- properly placed pouring and vent holes
 Daily checks by cutting samples
Injection control data sheets shall be maintained for all insulated valves and flanges to
record all operating and material data for easy cross-reference in case of failure. All
samples shall be numbered to ensure full trace ability and shall be stored by CONTRACTOR
u n d e r s u c h c o n d i t i o n s t h a t t h e y r e m a i n s u i t a b l e f o r f u r t h e r t e s t i n g i f n e c e s s a r y. T e s t r e s u l t s
shall be submitted daily and recorded in the Construction Logbook.
14.2.4 Final Inspection / Acceptance
F i n a l i n s p e c t i o n s h a l l b e c o n d u c t e d b y a l l p a r t i e s i n v o l v e d w h e n t h e s ys t e m i s c o n s i d e r e d
complete or as soon as possible thereafter.
After final completion of a system, an Acceptance Sheet Insulation on Site acc. to

A c c e p t a n c e C e r t i f i c a t e s a s p e r c h a p t e r 1 8 o f t h is s p e c i f i c a t i o n s h a l l b e i s s u e d .
The application shall be inspected to determine that the insulation is of the specified
thickness and that its materials, workmanship and finishes meet the specifications.
I n f r a r e d i n s p e c t i o n t e c h n i q u e m a y b e u s e d a f t e r s t ar t - u p t o v e r i f y p r o p e r t h e r m a l
p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e i n s u l a t i o n s ys t e m s .
C o l d i n s u l a t i o n s ys t e m s s h a l l b e s u b j e c t t o t h e r m o g r a p h y b e t w e e n 9 - 1 2 m o n t h s a f t e r s t a r t
up to identify deficiencies. These deficiencies shall be marked and shall be repaired at the
ear l i e s t o p p o r t u n i t y ( e . g . t h e n e x t s h u t d o w n ) .
14.3 Testing
CONTRACTOR shall submit test reports and adhere to the quality control requirements on all
m aj o r i n s u l a t i o n m a t e r i a l s a n d A l u m i n i z e d S t e e l C l a d d i n g T yp e 2 .
For in situ dispensed PUR the daily testing on SITE shall be limited to the following
characteristics:
 density ( testing by weighing )
 cell structure ( visual testing )
 dimensional tolerances ( visual testing ).
Other testing of characteristics of PIR/PUR as per below listing shall be performed by an

ex t e r n a l r e m o t e l a b o r a t o r y:
 density
 thermal conductivity at ambient temperature
 closed cells content
 cell structure: uniform and free of voids and bubbles in excess of 1.5 mm in diameter
a c r o s s t h e r i s e o f t h e f o a m , o r 5 m m i n d e p t h i n d i r e c t i o n o f r i s e . N o m or e t h a n 5
smaller voids or bubbles per 250 x 250 mm area on any cut standard length of half
pipe section or slab shall be allowed. The surface shall be free of striations, sheared
cells, and planes of weakness and uncured areas

 compressive strength
 tens i l e s t r e n g t h
 flammability
 dimensional tolerances.
Results of the above quality control tests shall be recorded for two samples of foam from
e a c h b a t c h o f c h e m i c a l s a n d r e p o r t e d t o C O M P A N Y. S e r i a l n u m b e r , m a n u f a c t u r i n g d a t e a n d
expir y d a t e s h a l l i d e n t i f y m a n u f a c t u r i n g b a t c h e s .

15 Insulation Thickness Table for Hot Insulation [W, WE, WS, WES]
T a b l e 1 1, p a r t 1 : I n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s t a b l e f o r h o t i n s u l a t i o n [W , W E, W S, W ES]
Nominal Insulation Thickness in mm

pipe
diameter for Operating Temperature in °C
DN inch ≥32 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
25 1 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 50 50
40 1 ½ 30 30 30 40 40 40 50 50 60
50 2 30 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60
65 2 ½ 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70
80 3 30 30 40 50 50 60 60 70 80
100 4 30 40 40 50 60 60 70 70 80
150 6 30 40 50 60 70 70 80 90 90
200 8 40 50 60 70 70 80 90 100 100
250 10 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 100 110
300 12 40 60 70 80 90 90 110 110 120
400 16 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 120
500 20 50 70 80 90 100 110 110 120 130
600 24 60 70 80 100 100 110 120 130 140
700 28 60 70 90 100 110 120 120 130 140
800 32 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
900 36 60 80 90 110 120 130 140 150 160
1000 40 70 90 90 110 120 130 150 160 170
flat surface 100 110 120 150 170 200 220 240 250

T a b l e 1 1, p a r t 2 : I n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s t a b l e f or h o t i n s u l a t i o n [W , W E, W S, W ES]

pipe
DN inch 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 525 600
25 1 50 60 60 60 70 70 70 80 80 90 100
40 1 ½ 60 70 70 70 80 80 80 90 90 100 110
50 2 70 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 100 110 120
65 2 ½ 70 80 80 90 90 100 100 110 110 120 130
80 3 80 90 90 90 100 110 110 120 120 130 150
100 4 90 100 100 100 110 120 120 130 140 150 160
150 6 100 110 110 110 120 130 130 140 150 160 180
200 8 110 120 120 120 130 140 140 150 160 170 190
250 10 120 120 130 130 140 150 150 160 170 180 200
300 12 120 130 140 140 150 160 160 170 180 190 210
400 16 130 140 150 150 160 170 180 180 190 200 220
500 20 140 150 160 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230
600 24 140 150 170 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 250
700 28 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 260
800 32 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 280
900 36 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 300
1000 40 180 190 200 210 230 240 250 260 270 280 320
flat surface 270 280 290 300 320 340 350 360 380 400 440

16 Guard Distance and Insulation Thickness Table for Personnel Protection [P]
T a b l e 1 2: D i s t a n c e s f o r g u a r d s a n d i n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s f o r p e r s o n n e l p r o t e c t i o n
Operating Temperature in °C
Nominal
pipe
diameter
2 5 1- 3 5 1- 4 0 1- 4 5 1- 5 0 1-
60- 2 5 0
350 400 450 500 600
Distance
Insulation thickness
of guard
DN
[mm]
[mm]
≤ 25 50 30 30 40 50 60
40 50 30 40 40 50 60
50 50 30 40 40 50 60
80 50 30 40 50 50 70
100 50 30 40 50 50 70
150 100 30 40 50 60 80
200 100 30 40 50 60 80
250 100 30 40 50 60 80
300 100 30 40 50 60 80
350 100 30 40 50 70 80
400 100 40 40 50 70 80
450 100 40 40 50 70 80
500 100 40 40 50 70 80
flat surface 100 40 40 50 70 80

17 Insulation thickness table for cold insulation and condensation prevention and
Underground Ammonia Piping [C, C3]
T a b l e 1 3 , p a r t 1 , I n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s e s f o r c o l d i n s u l a t io n a n d c o n d e n s a t i o n p r e v e n t i o n
Diameter
Nominal Operating Temperature in Degrees C
[mm]
38 29 19 9 -1 - 11 - 21 - 31 - 41
to to to to to to to to to
30 20 10 0 - 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50
15 40 40 50 50 65 65 80 90 90
20 40 40 50 50 65 80 80 90 100
25 40 40 50 65 65 80 90 100 115
40 40 40 50 65 65 80 90 100 115
50 40 40 65 65 80 90 100 115 125
80 40 40 65 80 90 100 115 125 140
100 40 50 65 80 90 115 115 125 140
150 40 50 65 90 100 115 125 150 165

200 40 50 65 90 100 125 140 150 175
250 40 50 65 90 115 125 15 0 165 175
300 40 50 65 90 115 140 150 175 190

350 40 65 80 100 115 140 165 175 190
400 40 60 80 100 125 140 165 175 200
450 40 65 80 100 125 150 165 190 200
500 40 65 80 100 125 150 165 190 200

600 40 65 80 100 125 150 175 190 215
750 40 65 80 115 140 150 175 200 225
900 40 65 90 115 140 165 190 200 225

Flat 40 65 90 115 140 165 190 215 240

Table 13, part 2, Insulation thicknesses for cold insulation and condensation prevention
Diameter
Nominal Operating Temperature in Degrees C
[mm]
- 51 - 61 - 71 - 81 - 91 -101 -111 -121 -131 -141
to to to to to to to to to to
- 60 - 70 - 80 - 90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150
15 100 115 115 125 125 140 140 150 150 165
20 115 115 125 125 140 150 150 165 165 175
25 115 125 140 140 150 150 165 175 175 190
40 125 125 140 150 150 165 175 175 190 200
50 140 140 150 165 175 175 190 200 200 215
80 150 165 165 175 190 200 215 215 225 240
100 150 165 175 190 200 215 225 240 240 250
150 175 190 200 215 225 240 250 250 250 260
200 190 200 215 225 240 250 250 250 260 270
250 200 215 225 240 250 250 250 270 270 280
300 200 215 240 250 250 260 260 280 280 300
350 215 225 240 250 250 260 270 280 290 300
400 215 225 250 250 260 270 280 290 300 300
450 225 240 250 250 260 270 290 300 300 300
500 225 240 250 25 0 260 280 290 300 300 300
600 225 250 260 260 270 290 300 300 300 300
750 240 250 260 270 280 300 300 300 300 300
900 240 250 270 280 290 300 300 300 300 300
Flat 250 270 290 300 300 300 300 300 300 300

18 Insulation Thickness Table for Cold Insulation of Ammonia Loading Piping [C1, C2]
T a b l e 1 4, p a r t 1 : I n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s t a b l e f o r c o l d i n s u l a t i o n f o r A m m o n i a l o a d i n g p i p i n g
[C 1 , C 2]

pipe
DN inch 10 5 0 -5 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 - 30 - 35 - 40 - 45 - 50
25 1 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 60 60 60
40 1 ½ 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70
50 2 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 70
65 2 ½ 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80
80 3 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 60 60 70 70 80 80
100 4 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 60 70 70 80 80 90
150 6 40 40 40 40 40 50 60 70 70 80 80 90 100
200 8 40 40 40 40 50 50 60 70 80 80 90 90 100
250 10 40 40 40 40 50 60 60 70 80 90 90 100 110
300 12 40 40 40 40 50 60 70 70 80 90 100 100 110
400 16 40 40 40 40 50 60 70 80 90 90 100 110 120
500 20 40 40 40 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 110 120
600 24 40 40 40 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
700 28 40 40 40 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
800 32 40 40 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 120 130
900 36 40 40 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
1000 40 40 40 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Flat
40 40 40 50 60 70 80 90 110 110 120 130 150
surface

T a b l e 1 4 , p a r t 2 : I n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s t a b l e f o r c o l d i n s u l a t i o n f o r A m m o n i a lo a d i n g p i p i n g
[C1, C2]

pipe
d iam eter for Operating Temperature in °C
- - - -
DN inch - 55 - 60 - 65 - 70 - 75 - 80 - 85 - 90 - 95
100 105 110 115
25 1 70 70 80 80 80 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 110
40 1 ½ 70 80 80 90 90 90 100 100 100 110 110 110 120
50 2 80 80 90 90 100 100 100 110 110 110 120 120 120
65 2 ½ 80 90 90 100 100 100 110 110 120 120 120 130 130
80 3 90 90 100 100 110 110 110 120 120 120 130 130 140
100 4 90 100 100 110 110 120 120 130 130 130 140 140 140
150 6 100 110 110 120 120 130 130 140 140 150 150 16 0 160
200 8 110 110 120 130 130 140 140 150 150 160 160 170 170
250 10 110 120 130 130 140 140 150 150 160 160 170 170 180
300 12 120 130 130 140 140 150 160 160 170 170 180 180 190
400 16 120 130 140 150 150 160 160 170 180 180 190 190 200
500 20 13 0 140 150 150 160 170 170 180 180 190 200 200 210
600 24 140 140 150 160 160 170 180 190 190 200 200 210 220
700 28 140 150 150 160 170 180 180 190 200 200 210 220 220
800 32 140 150 160 170 170 180 190 200 200 210 220 220 230
900 36 150 150 160 170 18 0 190 190 200 210 210 220 230 230
1000 40 150 160 170 170 180 190 200 200 210 220 230 230 240
flat surface 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 230 240 250 260 260

T a b l e 1 4 , p a r t 3 : I n s u l a t i o n t h i c k n e s s t a b l e f o r c o l d i n s u l a t i o n f o r A m m o n i a lo a d i n g p i p i n g
[C1, C2]

pipe
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
DN inch
120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180
25 1 110 110 110 110 120 120 120 120 130 130 130 130 130
40 1 ½ 120 120 120 120 130 130 13 0 140 140 140 140 140 150
50 2 130 130 130 130 140 140 140 140 150 150 150 150 150
65 2 ½ 130 140 140 140 140 150 150 150 160 160 160 160 160
80 3 140 140 140 140 150 150 160 160 160 160 170 170 170
100 4 150 150 150 150 160 160 170 170 170 180 180 18 0 180
150 6 160 170 170 170 180 180 180 190 190 190 200 200 200
200 8 170 180 180 180 190 190 200 200 200 210 210 210 220
250 10 180 190 190 190 200 200 210 210 220 220 220 230 230
300 12 190 200 200 200 210 210 220 220 230 230 230 240 240
400 16 200 210 210 210 220 230 230 230 240 240 250 250 250
500 20 210 220 220 220 230 240 240 250 250 250 260 260 270
600 24 220 230 230 230 240 250 250 260 260 270 270 270 280
700 28 230 230 240 240 250 260 260 270 270 270 280 280 290
800 32 240 240 250 250 260 260 270 270 280 280 290 290 300
900 36 240 250 250 250 260 270 270 280 280 290 290 300 310
1000 40 240 250 250 260 270 280 280 290 290 300 300 310 320
flat surface 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 330 340 350 360 360 360

19 Layering of Cold Insulation

T a b l e 1 5: L a ye r i n g o f C o l d I n s u l a t i o n
P r e- f o r m e d
Total Insulation
PIR/PUR
Thickness
sections/slabs
[mm]
[mm]
30 30
40 40
50 50
60 30/30
70 30/40
80 40/40
90 40/50
100 50/50
110 50/60
120 30/40/50
130 30/50/50
140 40/50/50
150 50/50/50
160 50/60/50
170 50/70/50
180 50/80/50
190 50/90/50
200 50/100/50
210 50/50/60/50
220 50/50/70/50
230 50/50/80/50
240 50/50/90/50
250 50/50/100/50

20 Acceptance Certificates
Final Acceptance Insulation on Site
CONTRACTOR:
PURCHASE ORDER NO:
1. Notification for acceptance by the contractor
A1 Components Description A2 Not released parts

Line No
Equipment
Electric/ steam tracing
Rotating equipment
Instrumentation lines
Others
The above mentioned components are completed, inspected and in conformance with the specification.
Date Contractors QA/QC representative Contractor's site management

A1
A2
2. Acceptance by the customer and client
Partial acceptance Final acceptance
No Punchpoints No Punchpoints
With Punchpoints With Punchpoints
Remarks to acceptance: (Comments to the deficiencies)
CONTRACTOR/MANUFACTURER COMPANY CLIENT

Name, Department
Signature
Date


Linde Insulation - Specification PDF

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Linde Insulation - Specification PDF

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Ammonia Project

Code: Takamul 1000 MTPD

Doc No: &AA T-SS 2401 (EN)

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016.

3 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS 4

4 APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS 5

8 PERSONNEL PROTECTION INSULATION [P] 14

9 COLD INSULATION AND CONDENSATION PREVENTION [C, CS, CES] 14

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016.

10 COLD INSULATION OF AMMONIA LOADING PIPING (section "rack"), [C1] 19

11 COLD INSULATION OF AMMONIA LOADING PIPING (section "jetty") [C2] 23

12 COLD INSULATION OF UNDERGROUND AMMONIA LOADING PIPING [C3] 24

14 QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL 26

18 Insulation Thickness Table for Cold Insulation of Ammonia Loading Piping

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016.

This specification is not applicable for passive fire protection insulation.

3 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

COMPANY EPC Contractor

SIT E Construction sites, applicable for construction yard and

OT Operating temperature in Centigrade [°C]

SS Any austenitic stainless steel

CUI Corrosion under insulation

GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic

FEF Flexible Elastomeric Foam

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016.

4 APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016.

All insulation materials shall be free of asbestos.

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016.

Table 1: Insulation Types

Insulation I n s u l a t i o n t yp e Cladding Operating

Mineral wool Aluminised +32°C to 600°C

Hot insulation Mineral wool Aluminised +32°C to 600°C

H o t a n d ac o u s t i c Mineral wool Aluminised +32°C to 600°C

Hot and acoustic Mineral wool Aluminised +32°C to 600°C

Guards Aluminized < 32 ° C

Mineral wool aluminised >250°C

Cold conservation Cellular glass Aluminised - 1 8 0 ° C t o 3 2° C

Cold insulation of P o l yi s o c ya n u r a t e Aluminised - 1 8 0 ° C t o 3 2° C

Cold insulation of P o l yi s o c ya n u r a t e GRP wrapping - 1 8 0 ° C t o 3 2° C

Cold insulation Cellular glass GRP wrapping -180°C to 32°C

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016.

Combined cold and Cellular glass Aluminized - 1 8 0 ° C t o 3 2° C

Cold insulation Cellular glass Aluminized -180°C to 32°C

Cold and acoustic Cellular glass Aluminized - 18 0 ° C t o 3 2° C

N No insulation n/a n/a n/a

7 HOT INSULATION [W, WE, WS,WES]

7.1 Insulation Material

 Trade name and name of manufacturer

 Kind of insulation material ( e.g. rock wool, calcium silicate)

 Form supplied ( e.g. mats, sections)

 Raw material density

 Thermal conductivity group

 Service temperature limit

Mineral wool mats ("wired

Mineral wool sections/

Refer to protection notice ISO 16016.

Insulation material at mean temperature tm [°C]

50 100 150 200 250 300 400

Mineral wool sections/

7.1.1 Mineral wool sections/ segments

Mineral wool slabs/sections shall be resistant to mildew and rot.

7.1.2 Mineral wool mats