December 11

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December 11 in recent years

  2020 (Friday)
  2019 (Wednesday)
  2018 (Tuesday)
  2017 (Monday)
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  2014 (Thursday)
  2013 (Wednesday)
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December 11 is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian
calendar. 20 days remain until the end of the year.

Contents
  1Events
 2Births
 3Deaths
 4Holidays and observances
 5References
 6External links

Events[edit]
 220 – Emperor Xian of Han is forced to abdicate the
throne by Cao Cao's son Cao Pi, ending the Han
dynasty.
 361 – Julian enters Constantinople as sole Emperor
of the Roman Empire.
 861 – Assassination of the Abbasid caliph al-
Mutawakkil by the Turkish guard, who raise al-
Muntasir to the throne. Start of the "Anarchy at
Samarra".
 969 – Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas is
assassinated by his wife Theophano and her lover,
the later Emperor John I Tzimiskes.
 1282 – Battle of Orewin Bridge: Llywelyn ap
Gruffudd, the last native Prince of Wales, is killed
at Cilmeri, near Builth Wells, in mid-Wales.
 1602 – A surprise attack by forces under the
command of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy,
and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled
by the citizens of Geneva. (Commemorated annually
by the Fête de l'Escalade.)
 1675 – Antonio de Vea expedition enters San Rafael
Lake in western Patagonia.[1]
 1688 – Glorious Revolution: James II of England,
while trying to flee to France, throws the Great Seal
of the Realm into the River Thames.
 1792 – French Revolution: King Louis XVI of
France is put on trial for treason by the National
Convention.
 1815 – The U.S. Senate creates a select committee
on finance and a uniform national currency,
predecessor of the United States Senate Committee
on Finance.
 1816 – Indiana becomes the 19th U.S. state.
 1868 – Paraguayan War: Brazilian
troops defeat Paraguayan at the Battle of Avay.
 1899 – Second Boer War: In the Battle of
Magersfontein the Boers commanded by
general Piet Cronjé inflict a defeat on the forces of
the British Empire commanded by Lord
Methuen trying to relieve the Siege of Kimberley.
 1905 – A workers' uprising occurs
in Kyiv, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire),
and establishes the Shuliavka Republic.
 1907 – The New Zealand Parliament Buildings are
almost completely destroyed by fire.
 1917 – World War I: British General Edmund
Allenby enters Jerusalem on foot and
declares martial law.
 1920 – Irish War of Independence: In retaliation for a
recent IRA ambush, British forces burn and loot
numerous buildings in Cork city. Many civilians
report being beaten, shot at, robbed and verbally
abused by British forces.
 1925 – Roman Catholic papal encyclical Quas
primas introduces the Feast of Christ the King.
 1927 – Guangzhou Uprising: Communist Red
Guards launch an uprising in Guangzhou, China,
taking over most of the city and announcing the
formation of a Guangzhou Soviet.
 1931 – Statute of Westminster 1931: The British
Parliament establishes legislative equality between
the UK and the Dominions of the Commonwealth—
Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New
Zealand, South Africa, and Ireland.
 1934 – Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics
Anonymous, takes his last drink and enters
treatment for the final time.
 1936 – Abdication Crisis: Edward VIII's abdication as
King of the United Kingdom and the British
Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India,
becomes effective.
 1937 – Second Italo-Ethiopian War: Italy leaves
the League of Nations.
 1941 – World War II: Germany and Italy declare war
on the United States, following the Americans'
declaration of war on the Empire of Japan in the
 wake of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The United
States, in turn, declares war on them.
 1941 – World War II: Poland declares war on the
Empire of Japan.
 1941 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese
Navy suffers its first loss of surface vessels during
the Battle of Wake Island.
 1946 – The United Nations International Children's
Emergency Fund (UNICEF) is established.
 1948 – Arab–Israeli War: The United
Nations passes General Assembly Resolution 194,
creating a Conciliation Commission to mediate the
conflict.
 1958 – French Upper Volta and French
Dahomey gain self-government from France,
becoming the Republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina
Faso) and the Republic of Dahomey (now Benin),
respectively, and joining the French Community.
 1960 – French forces crack down in a violent clash
with protesters in French Algeria during a visit
by French President Charles de Gaulle.
 1962 – Arthur Lucas, convicted of murder, is the last
person to be executed in Canada.
 1964 – Che Guevara speaks at the United Nations
General Assembly in New York City.
 1972 – Apollo 17 becomes the sixth and final Apollo
mission to land on the Moon.
 1978 – The Lufthansa heist is committed by a group
led by Lucchese family associate Jimmy Burke. It
was the largest cash robbery ever committed on
American soil, at that time.
 1980 – The Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(Superfund) is enacted by the U.S. Congress.
 1981 – El Mozote massacre: Armed forces in El
Salvador kill an estimated 900 civilians in an anti-
guerrilla campaign during the Salvadoran Civil War.
 1990 – Demonstrations by students and workers
across Albania begin, which eventually trigger
the fall of communism in Albania.
 1994 – First Chechen War: Russian President Boris
Yeltsin orders Russian troops into Chechnya.
 1994 – A bomb explodes on Philippine Airlines Flight
434, en route from Manila, Philippines, to Tokyo,
Japan, killing one. The captain is able to land the
plane safely.
 1997 – The Kyoto Protocol opens for signature.
 1998 – Thai Airways Flight 261 crashes near Surat
Thani Airport, killing 101. The pilot flying the Airbus
A310-200 is thought to have suffered spatial
disorientation.
 1999 – SATA Air Açores Flight 530M crashes
into Pico da Esperança on São Jorge Island in
the Azores, killing 35.[2]
 2001 – China joins the World Trade
Organization (WTO).
 2005 – The Buncefield Oil Depot catches
fire in Hemel Hempstead, England.
 2005 – Cronulla riots: Thousands of White
Australians demonstrate against ethnic violence
resulting in a riot against anyone thought to
be Lebanese in Cronulla, New South Wales; these
are followed up by retaliatory ethnic attacks on
Cronulla.
 2006 – The International Conference to Review the
Global Vision of the Holocaust is opened
in Tehran, Iran, by then-president Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad; nations such as Israel and the United
States express concern.
 2006 – Felipe Calderón, the President of Mexico,
launches a military-led offensive to put down the
drug cartel violence in the state of Michoacán. This
effort is often regarded as the first event in
the Mexican Drug War.
 2007 – Insurgency in the Maghreb: Two car bombs
explode in Algiers, Algeria, one near the Supreme
Constitutional Court and the other near the offices of
the United Nations.
 2008 – Bernard Madoff is arrested and charged with
securities fraud in a $50 billion Ponzi scheme.
 2012 – At least 125 people are killed and up to 200
injured in bombings in the Alawite village
of Aqrab, Syria.
 2017 – New York City attempted bombing: A pipe
bomb partially detonates in the New York City
 Subway, in the Times Square–42nd Street/Port
Authority Bus Terminal. Four people are injured,
including the perpetrator.
 2019 – The results of the 2019 Bougainvillean
independence referendum are announced. The
results are overwhelmingly one-sided. Over 98% of
voters vote for Bougainville's independence.[3]

Births[edit]
 1445 – Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1496)
 1465 – Ashikaga Yoshihisa, Japanese shogun (d.
1489)
 1475 – Pope Leo X (d. 1521)[4]
 1566 – Manuel Cardoso, Portuguese organist and
composer (d. 1650)
 1595 – Heo Mok, Korean politician, poet and scholar
(d. 1682)
 1613 – Amar Singh Rathore, Rajput nobleman (d.
1644)
 1680 – Emanuele d'Astorga, Italian composer (d.
1736)
 1712 – Francesco Algarotti, Italian poet, philosopher,
and critic (d. 1764)
 1725 – George Mason, American lawyer and
politician (d. 1792)
 1758 – Carl Friedrich Zelter, German composer,
conductor, and educator (d. 1832)
 1761 – Gian Domenico Romagnosi, Italian physicist,
economist, and jurist (d. 1835)
 1781 – David Brewster, Scottish physicist,
mathematician, and astronomer (d. 1868)
 1801 – Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German poet and
playwright (d. 1836)
 1803 – Hector Berlioz, French composer, conductor,
and critic (d. 1869)
 1810 – Alfred de Musset, French dramatist, poet,
and novelist (d. 1857)
 1830 – Kamehameha V of Hawaii (d. 1872)
 1837 – Webster Paulson, English civil engineer (d.
1887)
 1838 – John Labatt, Canadian brewer and
businessman (d. 1915)
 1843 – Robert Koch, German microbiologist and
physician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1910)
 1856 – Georgi Plekhanov, Russian philosopher,
theorist, and author (d. 1918)
 1858 – Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Russian
director, producer, and playwright (d. 1943)
 1861 – Frederick Eveleigh-de-Moleyns, 5th Baron
Ventry, British Army officer and Anglo-Irish peer (d.
1923)
 1863 – Annie Jump Cannon, American astronomer
and academic (d. 1941)[5]
 1872 – René Bull, British illustrator and
photographer (d. 1942)
 1873 – Josip Plemelj, Slovenian mathematician and
academic (d. 1967)
 1875 – Yehuda Leib Maimon, Moldovan-Israeli rabbi
and politician (d. 1962)
 1880 – Frank Tarrant, Australian cricketer and
umpire (d. 1951)
 1882 – Subramania Bharati, Indian journalist and
poet (d. 1921)
 1882 – Max Born, German physicist and
mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
 1882 – Fiorello H. La Guardia, American lawyer and
politician, 99th Mayor of New York City (d. 1947)
 1884 – Piet Ooms, Dutch swimmer and water polo
player (d. 1961)
 1889 – Walter Knott, American farmer and
businessman, founded Knott's Berry Farm (d. 1981)
 1890 – Carlos Gardel, French-Argentinian singer-
songwriter and actor (d. 1935)
 1890 – Mark Tobey, American-Swiss painter and
educator (d. 1976)
 1893 – Leo Ornstein, Russian-American pianist and
composer (d. 2002)
 1897 – Ronald Skirth, English soldier (d. 1977)
 1899 – Julio de Caro, Argentinian violinist,
composer, and conductor (d. 1980)
 1900 – Hermína Týrlová, Czechoslovakian animator,
screenwriter, and film director (d. 1993)
 1904 – Marge, American cartoonist (d. 1993)
 1905 – Robert Henriques, English farmer, author,
and broadcaster (d. 1967)
 1905 – Gilbert Roland, Mexican-American actor and
singer (d. 1994)
 1908 – Elliott Carter, American composer and
academic (d. 2012)
 1908 – Manoel de Oliveira, Portuguese actor,
director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2015)
 1908 – Hákun Djurhuus, Faroese educator and
politician, 4th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d.
1987)
 1908 – Amon Göth, Austrian Nazi war criminal (d.
1946)
 1909 – Ronald McKie, Australian soldier, journalist,
and author (d. 1991)
 1910 – Mildred Cleghorn, Native American
chairwoman and educator (d. 1997)[6]
 1911 – Val Guest, English-American director,
producer, screenwriter, and composer (d. 2006)
 1911 – Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian author, playwright,
and screenwriter, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
 1911 – Qian Xuesen, Chinese aerodynamicist and
academic (d. 2009)
 1912 – Carlo Ponti, Italian-Swiss film producer (d.
2007)
 1913 – Jean Marais, French actor and director (d.
1998)
 1916 – Pérez Prado, Cuban-Mexican singer-
songwriter, pianist, and bandleader (d. 1989)
 1916 – Elena Garro, Mexican author and playwright
(d. 1998)
 1918 – Clinton Adams, American painter and
historian (d. 2002)
 1918 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian novelist,
historian, and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 2008)
 1919 – Cliff Michelmore, English television host and
producer (d. 2016)
 1919 – Marie Windsor, American actress (d. 2000)
 1920 – Mary Ivy Burks, American environmental
activist (d. 2007)[7]
 1920 – Denis Jenkinson, English motorcycle racer
and journalist (d. 1996)
 1921 – Ilmar Laaban, Estonian poet and publicist (d.
2000)
 1921 – Liz Smith, English actress (d. 2016)
 1922 – Grigoris Bithikotsis, Greek singer-songwriter
(d. 2005)
 1922 – Dilip Kumar, Pakistani-Indian actor, director,
and screenwriter
 1922 – Maila Nurmi, Finnish-American actress,
producer, and screenwriter (d. 2008)
 1922 – Grace Paley, American short story writer and
poet (d. 2007)
 1923 – Betsy Blair, American actress and dancer (d.
2009)
 1923 – Lillian Cahn, Hungarian-born American
businesswoman, co-founded Coach, Inc. (d. 2013)
 1923 – Morrie Turner, American comics creator (d.
2014)
 1924 – Doc Blanchard, American football player and
colonel (d. 2009)
 1925 – Aaron Feuerstein, American businessman
and philanthropist
 1925 – Paul Greengard, American neuroscientist
and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
 1925 – James Sullivan, American politician (d. 2012)
 1926 – Big Mama Thornton, American singer-
songwriter (d. 1984)
 1927 – John Buscema, American illustrator (d. 2002)
 1929 – Axel Anderson, German actor and production
manager (d. 2012)
 1929 – Subhash Gupte, Indian cricketer (d. 2002)
 1930 – Chus Lampreave, Spanish actress (d. 2016)
 1930 – Jean-Louis Trintignant, French actor,
director, and screenwriter
 1931 – Rajneesh, Indian guru, mystic, and educator
(d. 1990)
 1931 – Ronald Dworkin, American philosopher and
scholar (d. 2013)
 1931 – Rita Moreno, Puerto Rican-American
actress, singer, and dancer
 1932 – Enrique Bermúdez, Nicaraguan colonel and
engineer (d. 1991)
 1932 – Keith Waldrop, American author and poet
 1933 – Aquilino Pimentel, Jr., Filipino civil servant
and politician, 23rd President of the Senate of the
Philippines (d. 2019)
 1934 – Salim Durani, Afghan-Indian cricketer
 1935 – Pranab Mukherjee, Indian journalist and
politician, 13th President of India (d. 2020)
 1935 – Elmer Vasko, Canadian ice hockey player (d.
1998)
 1936 – Taku Yamasaki, Japanese politician
 1936 – Hans van den Broek, Dutch lawyer and
politician, Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs
 1937 – Jim Harrison, American novelist, essayist,
and poet (d. 2016)
 1938 – Enrico Macias, Algerian-French singer-
songwriter and guitarist
 1938 – McCoy Tyner, American jazz musician (d.
2020)
 1939 – Tom Hayden, American activist and politician
(d. 2016)
 1939 – Thomas McGuane, American novelist, short
story writer, and screenwriter
 1940 – David Gates, American singer-songwriter,
guitarist, and producer
 1940 – Donna Mills, American actress and producer
 1941 – Max Baucus, American lawyer, politician, and
diplomat, 11th United States Ambassador to China
 1941 – J. P. Parisé, Canadian ice hockey player,
coach, and manager (d. 2015)
 1941 – Rogier van Otterloo, Dutch conductor and
composer (d. 1988)
 1941 – J. Frank Wilson, American singer-songwriter
(d. 1991)
 1942 – Anna Carteret, English actress
 1943 – John Kerry, American lieutenant, lawyer, and
politician, 68th United States Secretary of State
 1944 – Jon Garrison, American tenor and educator
 1944 – Lynda Day George, American actress
 1944 – Brenda Lee, American singer-songwriter
 1946 – Rhoma Irama, Indonesian singer-songwriter,
guitarist, and actor
 1946 – Rick McCosker, Australian cricketer
 1946 – Diana Palmer, American journalist and
author
 1948 – Tanimura Shinji, Japanese singer-songwriter
 1948 – Stamatis Spanoudakis, Greek guitarist and
composer
 1949 – Christina Onassis, American-born
Greek/Argentine businesswoman, socialite, and
heiress (d. 1988)
 1951 – Mazlan Othman, Malaysian astrophysicist
and astronomer
 1951 – Ria Stalman, Dutch discus thrower and shot
putter
 1953 – Bess Armstrong, American actress
 1954 – Brad Bryant, American golfer
 1954 – Sylvester Clarke, Barbadian cricketer (d.
1999)
 1954 – Santiago Creel, Mexican lawyer and
politician, Mexican Secretary of the Interior
 1954 – Jermaine Jackson, American singer-
songwriter, bass player, and producer
 1954 – Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson, Icelandic
guitarist, mathematician, and engineer
 1955 – Gene Grossman, American economist and
academic
 1955 – Stu Jackson, American basketball player,
coach, and manager
 1955 – Ray Kelvin, British fashion designer
 1955 – Christian Sackewitz, German footballer and
manager
 1956 – Lani Brockman, American actress and
director
 1956 – Andrew Lansley, English politician, Secretary
of State for Health
 1957 – Peter Bagge, American author and illustrator
 1958 – Chris Hughton, English-born Irish footballer
and manager
 1958 – Tom Shadyac, American actor, director,
producer, and screenwriter
 1958 – Nikki Sixx, American bass player, songwriter,
and producer
 1961 – Dave King, Irish-American singer-songwriter
and guitarist
 1961 – Steve Nicol, Scottish footballer and manager
 1961 – Macky Sall, Senegalese engineer and
politician, 4th President of Senegal
 1961 – Marco Pierre White, English chef and mentor
 1963 – Mario Been, Dutch footballer and manager
 1963 – Mark Greatbatch, New Zealand cricketer
 1963 – Claudia Kohde-Kilsch, German tennis player
 1963 – John Lammers, Dutch footballer and
manager
 1963 – Nigel Winterburn, English footballer and
coach
 1964 – Justin Currie, British singer-songwriter and
guitarist
 1964 – Dave Schools, American singer-songwriter,
bass player, and producer
 1964 – Carolyn Waldo, Canadian swimmer and
sportscaster
 1965 – Jay Bell, American baseball player and
coach
 1965 – Gavin Hill, New Zealand rugby player
 1965 – Glenn Lazarus, Australian rugby league
player and politician
 1965 – Giannis Ragousis, Greek economist and
politician, Greek Minister for National Defence
 1966 – Gary Dourdan, American actor
 1966 – Göran Kropp, Swedish race car driver and
mountaineer (d. 2002)
 1966 – Erik Honoré, Norwegian guitarist and
producer
 1966 – Leon Lai, Hong Kong singer and actor
 1967 – Peter Kelamis, Australian voice actor
 1967 – Mo'Nique, American comedian, actress, and
producer
 1967 – Chris Shepherd, English animator, director,
producer, and screenwriter
 1968 – Emmanuelle Charpentier, French researcher
in microbiology, genetics and biochemistry, and
Nobel laureate[8]
 1968 – Fabrizio Ravanelli, Italian footballer and
manager
 1969 – Viswanathan Anand, Indian chess player
 1969 – Stig Inge Bjørnebye, Norwegian footballer
and manager
 1969 – Max Martini, American actor, director, and
screenwriter
 1969 – Alessandro Melli, Italian footballer and
manager
 1970 – Victoria Fuller, American model and actress
 1971 – Willie McGinest, American football player
and sportscaster
 1972 – Daniel Alfredsson, Swedish ice hockey
player
 1972 – Sami Al-Jaber, Saudi Arabian footballer and
manager
 1972 – Murray Goodwin, Zimbabwean cricketer
 1972 – Andriy Husin, Ukrainian footballer and
manager (d. 2014)
 1973 – Mos Def, American rapper
 1974 – Rey Mysterio, American wrestler
 1974 – Maarten Lafeber, Dutch golfer
 1974 – Ben Shephard, English journalist and
television host
 1974 – Gete Wami, Ethiopian runner
 1974 – Lisa Ortiz, American theatre and voice
actress
 1975 – Gerben de Knegt, Dutch cyclist
 1976 – Shareef Abdur-Rahim, American basketball
player, coach, and manager
 1976 – Yujiro Shirakawa, Japanese actor
 1977 – Brandon Rogers, American singer and actor
 1977 – Mark Streit, Swiss ice hockey player
 1978 – Roy Wood, Jr., American comedian, actor,
and radio host
 1979 – Valdis Mintals, Estonian figure skater
 1979 – Rider Strong, American actor, director,
producer, and screenwriter
 1980 – Kristjan Kitsing, Estonian basketball player
 1980 – Adi Keissar, Israeli poet
 1981 – Jason Kennedy, American journalist
  1981 – Jeff McComsey, American author and
illustrator
 1981 – Paul Medhurst, Australian footballer
 1981 – Javier Saviola, Argentinian footballer
 1982 – Pablo Pérez Companc, Argentinian race car
driver
 1984 – Leighton Baines, English footballer
 1984 – Sandra Echeverría, Mexican actress and
singer
 1984 – James Ellsworth, American wrestler
 1985 – Karla Souza, Mexican actress
 1986 – Roy Hibbert, American basketball player
 1987 – Clifton Geathers, American football player
 1987 – Alex Russell, Australian actor[9]
 1987 – Miranda Tapsell, Australian actress
 1988 – Tim Southee, New Zealand cricketer
 1990 – Derrick Nix, American basketball player
 1992 – Tiffany Alvord, American singer-songwriter
 1992 – Dalton Pompey, Canadian baseball player
 1993 – Yalitza Aparicio, Mexican actress[10]
 1995 – Abbi Grant, Scottish footballer[11]
 1996 – Hailee Steinfeld, American actress, singer
and songwriter
 2000 – Emily Whitehead, artistic gymnast[12]

Deaths[edit]
 384 – Pope Damasus I (b. 305)
 861 – Al-Mutawakkil, Abbasid caliph (b. 822)
 861 – Al-Fath ibn Khaqan, chief confidant and
councillor to al-Mutawakkil
 969 – Nikephoros II Phokas, Byzantine emperor (b.
912)
 1121 – Al-Afdal Shahanshah, Egyptian political
adviser (b. 1066)
 1198 – Averroes, Spanish astronomer, physicist, and
philosopher (b. 1126)[13]
 1241 – Ögedei Khan, Mongolian emperor (b. 1186)
 1282 – Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Welsh prince (b. 1223)
 1282 – Michael VIII Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor
(b. 1225)
 1474 – Henry IV of Castile, King of the Crown of
Castile (b. 1425)
 1532 – Pietro Accolti, Italian cardinal (b. 1455)
 1582 – Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of
Alba, Spanish general and politician, 12th Constable
of Portugal (b. 1508)
 1610 – Adam Elsheimer, German artist working in
Rome who died at only thirty-two (b. 1578)
 1686 – Louis, Grand Condé, French general (b.
1621)
 1694 – Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma (b.
1630)
 1737 – John Strype, English priest, historian, and
author (b. 1643)
 1747 – Edmund Curll, English bookseller and
publisher (b. 1675)
 1797 – Richard Brocklesby, English physician (b.
1722)
 1826 – Maria Leopoldina of Austria (b. 1797)
 1840 – Emperor Kōkaku of Japan (b. 1771)
 1872 – Kamehameha V of Hawaii (b. 1830)
 1880 – Oliver Winchester, American businessman,
founded the Winchester Repeating Arms
Company (b. 1810)
 1892 – William Milligan, Scottish theologian and
scholar (b. 1821)
 1906 – Charles Townsend, American fencer,
engineer, and academic (b. 1872)
 1909 – Ludwig Mond, German-born chemist and
British industrialist who discovered the metal
carbonyls (b. 1839)
 1913 – Carl von In der Maur, Governor of
Liechtenstein (b. 1852)
 1918 – Ivan Cankar, Slovenian author, poet, and
playwright (b. 1876)
 1920 – Olive Schreiner, South African author and
activist (b. 1855)
 1936 – Myron Grimshaw, American baseball player
(b. 1875)
 1937 – Jaan Anvelt, Estonian theorist and politician
(b. 1884)
 1937 – Hugh Thackeray Turner, English architect
and painter (b. 1853)
 1938 – Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian historian
and educator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
 1941 – John Gillespie Magee, Jr., American pilot and
poet (b. 1922)
 1941 – Émile Picard, French mathematician and
academic (b. 1856)
 1945 – Charles Fabry, French physicist and
academic (b. 1867)
 1950 – Leslie Comrie, New Zealand astronomer and
author (b. 1893)
 1951 – Mustafa Muğlalı, Turkish general (b. 1882)
 1951 – Hijri Dede, Iraqi Turkmen poet and writer (b.
1881)
 1953 – Sedat Simavi, Turkish journalist and director
(b. 1896)
 1957 – Musidora, French actress, director, producer,
and screenwriter (b. 1889)
 1959 – Jim Bottomley, American baseball player and
manager (b. 1900)
 1964 – Sam Cooke, American singer-songwriter (b.
1931)
 1964 – Percy Kilbride, American actor (b. 1888)
 1966 – Augusta Fox Bronner, American
psychologist, specialist in juvenile psychology (b.
1881)
 1968 – Richard Sagrits, Estonian painter and author
(b. 1910)
 1968 – Arthur Hays Sulzberger, American publisher
(b. 1891)
 1971 – Maurice McDonald, American businessman,
co-founded McDonald's (b. 1902)
 1975 – Lee Wiley, American singer (b. 1908)
 1975 – Nihal Atsız, Turkish philosopher, author, and
poet (b. 1905)
 1978 – Vincent du Vigneaud, American biochemist
and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901)
 1978 – Paul O'Dea, American baseball player and
manager (b. 1920)
 1979 – James J. Gibson, American psychologist and
author (b. 1904)
 1983 – Neil Ritchie, Guyanese-English general (b.
1897)
 1984 – Oskar Seidlin, German-American author,
poet, and scholar (b. 1911)
 1984 – George Waggner, American director,
producer and actor (b. 1894)
 1987 – G. A. Kulkarni, Indian author and academic
(b. 1923)
 1989 – Louise Dahl-Wolfe, American photographer
(b. 1895)
 1991 – Robert Q. Lewis, American actor, comedian,
game show host/panelist, and television personality
(b. 1921)
 1991 – Artur Lundkvist, Swedish author and critic (b.
1906)
 1994 – Philip Phillips, American archaeologist and
scholar (b. 1900)
 1995 – Greg Bahnsen, American minister and
philosopher (b. 1948)
 1996 – Willie Rushton, English cartoonist, author,
and publisher, co-founded Private Eye (b. 1937)
 1997 – Eddie Chapman, English spy (b. 1914)
 1997 – Simon Jeffes, English guitarist and composer
(b. 1949)
 1998 – André Lichnerowicz, French physicist and
mathematician (b. 1915)
 1998 – Lynn Strait, American singer-songwriter (b.
1968)
 2000 – Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Pakistani
politician and diplomat (b. 1915)
 2000 – David Lewis, American actor (b. 1916)
 2001 – Mainza Chona, Zambian lawyer and
politician, 1st Prime Minister of Zambia (b. 1930)
 2003 – Ahmadou Kourouma, Ivorian author and
playwright (b. 1927)
 2004 – José Luis Cuciuffo, Argentinian footballer (b.
1962)
 2004 – Arthur Lydiard, New Zealand runner and
coach (b. 1917)
 2008 – Bettie Page, American model (b. 1923)
 2010 – Dick Hoerner, American football player (b.
1922)
  2011 – John Patrick Foley, American cardinal (b.
1935)
 2012 – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano and
actress (b. 1926)
 2012 – Mendel Weinbach, Polish-Israeli rabbi and
scholar (b. 1933)
 2012 – Ravi Shankar, Indian-American sitar player
and composer (b. 1920)
 2013 – Nadir Afonso, Portuguese painter and
architect (b. 1920)
 2013 – Barbara Branden, Canadian-American
author and academic (b. 1929)
 2013 – Javier Jauregui, Mexican boxer (b. 1973)
 2013 – Sheikh Mussa Shariefi, Indian philosopher
and scholar (b. 1942)
 2014 – Hans Wallat, German conductor and director
(b. 1929)
 2015 – Abish Kekilbayev, Kazakh academic and
politician (b. 1939)
 2015 – H. Arnold Steinberg, Canadian businessman,
philanthropist, and academic (b. 1933)
 2015 – Hema Upadhyay, Indian painter and sculptor
(b. 1972)
 2015 – John "Hot Rod" Williams, American
basketball player (b. 1962)
 2015 – Ken Woolley, Australian architect (b. 1933)
 2017 – Keith Chegwin, British TV presenter (b.
1957)
 2020 – James Flynn, New Zealand intelligence
researcher. (b. 1934)[14]

Holidays and observances[edit]

 Christian feast day:
o Cian
o Daniel the Stylite
o Maravillas de Jesús
o Peris
o Pope Damasus I
o Sabinus of Piacenza
o Victoricus, Fuscian, and Gentian
 oDecember 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
 Establishment of Kurdish Women's Union (Iraqi
Kurdistan)
 Indiana Day (United States)
 International Mountain Day
 National Tango Day (Argentina)
 Pampanga Day (Pampanga province, Philippines)
 Republic Day, the day when Upper Volta became an
autonomous republic in the French Community in
1958. (Burkina Faso)

References[edit]
1. ^ de Vea, Antonio (1886). "Expedición de Antonio de
Vea".  Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile (in
Spanish). Valparaíso. pp. 539–596.
2. ^ Ranter, Harro.  "ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace
ATP CS-TGM São Jorge Island, Azores".  aviation-
safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
3. ^ Yeung, Jessie; Watson, Angus. "Bougainville votes for
independence from Papua New Guinea".  CNN.
Retrieved 2020-08-05.
4. ^ "Leo X | pope".  Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved  1
December 2020.
5. ^ Reynolds, Moira Davison (2004). American Women
Scientists: 23 Inspiring Biographies, 1900-2000. Jefferson
NC: McFarland. p.  18. ISBN 978-0-78642-161-9.
6. ^ "Mildred Imach Cleghorn, b. Dec 11, 1910, d. Apr 15, 1997 -
Overview - Histopolis". www.histopolis.com. Retrieved 2018-
11-09.
7. ^ "Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Kathleen
Mallory". www.awhf.org. Retrieved  2019-11-02.
8. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020".  NobelPrize.org.
Retrieved 7 October 2020.
9. ^ "Only the Brave: Australian actor Alex Russell talks new
movie | Community News Group".  Community News Group.
23 November 2017. Retrieved 5 September  2018.
10. ^ "Yalitza Aparicio, biografía de la estrella de "Roma""  [Yalitza
Aparicio, biography of the star of "Roma"],  Heraldo de
Mexico  (in Spanish), February 23, 2019, retrieved  February
23,  2019
11. ^ "Abbi Grant".  Birmingham City Football Club. Retrieved  9
January  2020.
12. ^ "Artistic Gymnastics | Athlete Profile: Emily WHITEHEAD -
Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth
Games". results.gc2018.com. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
13. ^ Arnaldez, Roger (1986). "Ibn Rushd". In B. Lewis; V.L.
Menage; Ch. Pellat; J. Schacht (eds.).  The Encyclopaedia of
Islam, New Edition. Vol. III: H-
Iram. Leiden and London: Brill and Luzac & co. pp.  909–
 920.  doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0340.  ISBN  978-
90-04-08118-5.
14. ^ "Beyond the Flynn effect: new myths about race, family and
IQ?". the Guardian. 2016-09-27. Retrieved 2020-12-13.

External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to December
11.

 BBC: On This Day

 The New York Times: On This Day
 Historical Events on December 11
 Today in Canadian History
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Today: December 14, 2020
  Related: List of non-standard dates
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 Days of the year
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