Review Activity on Calculations 1 & 2.

1. Combustion is accompanied by the evolution of

a) heat b) light c) combustion gases d) heat & light
2. Gross and net calorific value of a fuel will be the same
a) if its ash content is zero
b) if its hydrogen/hydrogen compound content is zero
c) if its carbon content is very low
d) under no circumstances
3. Coal that has lost its moisture and VCM content
a) uncoked coal c) charcoal
b) coked coal d) partially coked coal
4. It is the temperature at which the product gases are cooled to become saturated with
water vapor
a) Saturation temp c) Dew point
b) Cooling temp d) Condensation temp
5. The end product in a certain contact process is 96% H2SO4 and 4% SO3. This means that
the product is
a) 100% oleum b) 96% oleum c) 92% oleum d) 4% oleum
6. It is the hydrogen in the fuel that uses O2 from air for combustion
a) Net hydrogen c) total hydrogen
b) Combined hydrogen d) hydrogen free
7. Octane number refers to the amount of this substance
a) C7H16 b) C8H18 c) C11H10 d) C16H34
8. Ultimate analysis of coal determines
a) Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur
b) Carbon, ash, sulfur, nitrogen
c) Carbon, sulfur, volatile matter, ash
d) Carbon, volatile matter, ash, moisture
9. Higher efficiency in the combustion of solid fuel cannot be achieved by
a) proper fuel preparation
b) keeping the flue gas exhaust temperature very high
c) adopting efficient-fuel firing technique & equipment
d) supplying correct quantity of combustion air
10. The Orsat analysis of the flue gas when sulfur is burned is
a) H2O free b) SO2 free c) SO3 free d) CO2 free
11. Fuel gases containing hydrocarbons (ie.g. coke oven gas) are not preheated before
burning, mainly because
a) the hydrocarbons crack thereby choking and fouling the heat transfer surface by
carbon soot
b) it reduces its calorific value tremendously
c) it reduces its flame temperature tremendously
d) there are chances of explosion during preheating
12. It is the substance that relates the fuel with the stack gas

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 a) Carbon gasified c) Sulfur
b) Nitrogen d) Net hydrogen
13. Incomplete combustion of a fuel is characterized by
a) Smoke formation
b) High gas temperature
c) High percentage of oxygen in flue gas
d) High carbon monoxide content in flue gas
14. Presence of __________ in a dry gaseous fuel does not contribute to its calorific value
a) sulfur b) hydrogen c) oxygen d) carbon
15. It is the type of heat lost in the stack gas due to the presence of CO and H2 free in the
stack gas
a) Sensible Heat c) Latent Heat
b) Potential Heat d) Heating Value
16. The heat that causes a change in temperature in an object
a) Sensible Heat c) Latent Heat
b) Potential Heat d) Heating Value
17. The empirical relation which allows one to compute for the net hydrogen in a given
solid fuel is
a) Calderwood equation c) Theoretical O2
b) Calorific value formula d) Dulong Formula
18. In the roasting of iron pyrites, the theoretical oxygen based on SO3 formation required is
equal to
a) Total moles S c) Total moles FeS2 [15/4]
b) Total moles S[3/2] d) Total moles FeS2 [11/4]
19. It is coal that has lost only its moisture
a) uncoked coal c) charcoal
b) coked coal d) partially coked coal
20. Which of the following constituents of coal is the most important in the production of
coke?
a) Moisture b) Net H c) Carbon d) Ash
21. The lower the heating value of a fuel, the amount of coal required per unit of electricity
is .
a) Lesser b) Higher c) constant d)All of these
22. During combustion of gaseous fuels, deficiency of air
a) lengthens the flame
b) tends to shorten the flame
c) does not affect the flame length
d) increases the flame temperature
23. The heating value measure when water formed from combustion is in the gaseous state
is
a) Gross Calorific Value c) Heat of Combustion
b) Net Calorific Value d) Sensible Heat
24. Which of the following is not a “manufactured” fuel?
a) LPG b) Coal briquettes c) Tar d) Colloidal fuels

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 25. Which is not true about theoretical oxygen?
a) It is based on the complete combustion of all the fuel fed to the reactor
b) It is computed based on how much fuel was burned in the reactor
c) It is based on the oxygen requirement of burning all fuel to CO2, H2O or SO2
d) None of the above
26. Stack heat losses can be minimised by
a) controlling the excess air
b) oxygen enrichment of combustion air
c) using low calorific valued fuels
d) maintaining proper draft in the furnace
27. Type of moisture in coal which is assumed to be the water held within the pore system
and capillaries of coal.
a) Inherent moisture c) Residual moisture
b) Free moisture d) Surface moisture
28. The internal energy of the combustion products is __________ compared to that of
reactants
a) more b) less c) equal d) depends on the fuel
29. The empirical relation which allows one to compute for the net hydrogen in a given
solid fuel is
a) Calderwood equation c) Dulong Formula
b) Theoretical oxygen d) Calorific Value Formula
30. Ratio of primary air to secondary air increases with increase in the rank of coal,
because the
a) high rank coals have higher amount of volatile matter
b) ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter increases
c) oxygen content progressively decreases
d) calorific value of the coal increases
31. The heating value measured when water formed from combustion is in the liquid state is
a) Gross Calorific Value c) Heat of Combustion
b) Net Calorific Value d) Sensible Heat
32. Which of the following constituents of coal is the most important in the production of
coke?
a) Moisture b) Net H c) Ash d) Carbon
33. Improper storage condition results in the weathering of coal and spontaneous
combustion, which increases its
a) caking index c) yield of carbonized products
b) calorific value d) friability and oxygen content
34. Coking coals are invariably
a) lignites c) semi-anthracites
b) bituminous coals d) anthracites
35. High temperature in gasification of coal favors
a) high production of CO2 c) not significant
b) high production of CO d) no answer
36. Use of pulverised coal in boiler furnace provides

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 a) high calorific value c) better combustion
b) smokeless burning d) less erosion on furnace walls
37. Which will have the least volatile matter and hence will be the most difficult to ignite?
a) Anthracite coal c) Bituminous coal
b) Coke coal d) Semi-bituminous coal
38. Shale oil has a potential to replace some of the petroleum, it contains the oil called
a) kerogen b) coke c) fuel oil d) crude oil
39. Which of the following gaseous fuels has the lowest calorific value?
a) Gobar gas c) Converter gas
b) Refinery gas d) Blast furnace gas
40. Temperature of preheated air used for the transportation of pulverised coal through
pipes to the burner of a boiler furnace is restricted to a maximum limit of about 300° C
to avoid the
a) requirement of large volume combustion chamber
b) risk of explosion
c) chances of clinker formation
d) incomplete combustion of coal
41. If CO2 is not fully absorbed by the KOH solution meant for its absorption in the orsat
apparatus, it will appear as
a) O2 b) CO c) N2 d) SO2
42. Degree of carbonization of coal during coke making can be roughly judged by the
__________ of the coke produced
a) color c) ash content
b) moisture content d) volatile matter
43. Which of the following accounts for maximum energy loss in a boiler
a) Flue gases c) Incomplete combustion
b) Ash content in the fuel d) Unburnt carbon in flue gases
44. The sequence of absorption in flue gas analysis by Orsat's apparatus is
a) CO2, O2, CO c) CO2, CO, O2
b) CO, O2, CO2 d) O2, CO2, CO
45. Use of excess of combustion air in the combustion of fuels results
a) heat losses
b) long flame
c) condensation of water vapour from the fuel gas
d) none of these
46. 250 pounds per hour of 98% H2SO4 enters an absorption tower of a contact sulfuric acid
plant. If 20% oleum is produced per hour, how many pounds of SO3 are absorbed?
a) 70 lb/h b) 80 lb/h c) 90 lb/h d) 100 lb/h
47. A stoichiometric problem was solved on the basis of 100 moles dry flue gas (DFG). The
given condition at the stack outlet are as follows: 780 mm Hg, 970K and the partial
pressure ofwater is 24 mm Hg. The volume of the wet flue gas is
a) 6.098 m3 b) 8.001 m3 c) 8719 L d) 7754 L

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 48. Impure sulfur is burned to SO2 for conversion to SO3 in a sulfuric acid plant. Orsat
analysis of the burner shows 9.32% SO2, 6.93% O2. The charge fuel contains 48% sulfur.
What percent of the sulfur fired leaves as SO3?
a) 39.21% b) 29.91% c) 30.08% d) 35.78%
49. On a dry basis, a sample of coal analyzes as follows: VCM = 21.06%, FC=71.80% and ash
= 7.14%. If the moisture present in the coal is 2.49%, what is the %FC on the wet basis?
a) 70.0% b) 70.8% c) 71.5% d) 71.8%
50. 100 lb of pyrites are burned with sufficient supply of air (40% in excess of that required if
all the sulfur were converted to SO3) in a standard pyrite burner. Of the pyrites charged,
15% is lost in the cinder. Calculate the weight of air used per 100 lb pyrites.
a) 400 lb b) 500 lb c) 600 lb d) 700 lb
51. Coal fired in a furnace analyzes 57.1%C, 8%ash, 1.4%N and 0.77%S. The refuse contains
24.5%C and 75.5% ash. Orsat analysis of the stack gas shows 11.21% CO2, 1.57% CO,
7.45% O2 and 79.77% N2. Complete the ultimate analysis of the coal.
a) 4.2% O & 28.53% H c) 4.76% O & 27.97% H
b) 5.95% O & 26.78% H d) 26.85% O & 5.88% H
52. Pure methane is burned with 40% excess air and 25% of its carbon content is converted
to CO, the rest to CO2. 90% of its hydrogen burns to water. Air is supplied at 230C, 758
mm Hg with 80% RH. What is the dew point of the stack gas.
a) 50.180C b) 53.110C c) 107.51 mm Hg d) 93.33mm Hg
53. The burner gas from a sulfur burner analyzes 9.2% SO2, 7.13% O2 and 83.67% N2. The raw
sulfur charged contains 90% pure sulfur and analysis of the cinder shows 15% unburned
S. What is the percent excess air based on conversion to SO3?
a) 10.65% b) 276.25% c) 12.84% d) 65.93%
54. A furnace is fired with coal containing 6% moisture, 19% VCM, 68% FC and 7% ash. The
refuse analysis shows 5% VCM, 23% FC and 62% ash. Calculate the %HV lost in the
refuse. Calorific value of coal as fired is 14300 BTU/lb.
a) 3.56% b) 3.79% c) 3.60% d) 3.36%
55. The exhaust gases from a furnace gives the following Orsat analysis: 13.6% CO2, 2.4%
CO, 2.8% O2 and 81.2% N2. If the fuel used is a hydrocarbon, identify the fuel.
a) CH4 b) C2H2 c) C2H4 d) C2H6
56. The calorific value of a fuel of composition CO2 =30%, H2 = 40%, CH4 = 30%, is y. If the
composition of fuel is changed to CO2 = 20%, H2 = 40%, CH4 = 30%, N2 = 10%, then the
calorific value will be
a) 0.95y b) y c) 1.05y d) 1.8y
57. A certain coal fired in a furnace has a heating value of 13,800 Btu/lb and contains 1.2%
S. The proximate analysis shows 4% moisture, 24% FC, 8% ash and the analysis of the
refuse shows 11% VCM, 27% FC and 62% ash. Calculate the percent carbon lost in the
refuse.
a) 2.22% b) 7.24% c) 7. 66% d) 14.52%
58. A high speed diesel engine burns fuel to give an exhaust gas analyzing 7.14% CO2,
4.28% CO, 8.24% O2 and 80.34% N2. The cetane number of the fuel fired is
a) 44.58 b) 45.20 c) 50.28 d) 52.38

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 59. The gaseous mixture (10.65% SO2, 7.20% O2, and 82.15% N2) from a burner gas passes
through a catalytic converter after which the analysis becomes 0.70% SO2, 6.65% O2,
and 92.65% N2. Calculate the percentage of SO2 that has been oxidized to SO3.
a) 93.43% b) 94.17% c) 95.23% d) 96.55%
60. A gaseous mixture of propane and butane is burned with air, which is supplied in excess.
On a dry basis, the product stack gas analyzes 8.62% CO2, 1.38% CO, 6.45% O2 and
83.55% N2. Calculate the percent excess air.
a) 15% b) 25% c) 35% d) 40%
61. In the preceding problem, Calculate the composition of the gaseous mixture
a) 55.17% C3H8, 44.83% C4H10
b) 44.83% C3H8, 55.17% C4H10
c) 71.55% C3H8, 28.45% C4H10
d) 28.45% C3H8, 71.55% C4H10
62. A high volatile bituminous coal was found to contain 64% fixed carbon, 4% moisture, 8%
ash, 1.4% sulfur and 1.6% nitrogen, with a heating value of 13985 Btu/lb. Calculate the
percentage of carbon in the coal.
a) 59.97% b) 68.96% c) 78.96% d) 85.67%
63. In the preceding problem, Calculate the percentage of oxygen in the coal
a) 2.45% b) 3.64 c) 5.42% d) 6.90%
64. Pyrite with analysis of 78% FeS2 is burned with 25% excess air (FeS2  SO3). 85% of the
FeS2 burned was converted to SO2 and the rest to SO3. While 15% of the FeS2 charged
was lost in the cinder. Cinder analysis shows 4.8%w SO3. The total weight of the cinder is
a) 75.08 kg b) 77.87 kg c) 81.80 kg d) 51.76 kg
65. A blast furnace gas analyzing 25% CO, 10% CO2, 5%CH4, 4%H2 and 56% N2 at 25oC and
98kPa and saturated with water vapor is burned with 20% excess air. Air is supplied at
30oC, 760 mmHg and also saturated with water vapor. 95% of the total C in the fuel is
converted to CO2, the rest to CO. Molar ratio of H2 to CO is 1:4 in the stack gas which
leaves at 200oC and 760 mmHg. Calculate the air-fuel ratio by volume
a) 1.40 b) 2.40 c) 3.40 d) 4.40
66. A stoichiometric problem was solved on the basis of 100 moles dry flue gas (DFG). The
given condition at the stack outlet are as follows: 780 mm Hg, 970K and the partial
pressure ofwater is 24 mm Hg. The pressure of the gas stream in psia
a) 14.7 b) 15.09 c) 21.71 d) 22.34
67. A mixture of pure sulfur and pyrites analyzing 85% FeS2 and 15% gangue is burned in a
standard pyrites burner. The burner gas contains 10% SO2, 7% O2, and 83% N2 on an SO3-
free basis and contains 1 mol SO3 per 100 mol SO3-free burner gas. The cinder contains
2% S as SO3. Calculate the percentage of FeS2 in the charge.
a) 54.89% b) 73.35% c) 80.0% d) 91.23%
68. Determine the amount of O2 theoretically required for the combustion of 100 kmol of
blast furnace gas analyzing 25% CO, 10% CO2, 5% H2, 8% CH4, 48% N2 and 4% O2.
a) 37 kmol b) 31 kmol c) 27 kmol d) 20 kmol
69. A furnace is fired with Sub B coal containing 10.3% moisture, 34% VCM, and 7.7% ash. It
is also known to contain 1.2% N and 1.57% S. Its heating value is 9,480 Btu/lb. Calculate
the percentage of Carbon in the coal.

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 a) 65.78% b) 54.26% c) 43.56% d) 39.89%
70. In the preceding problem, calculate the percentage of hydrogen in the coal.
a) 2.46% b) 4.78% c) 6.34% d) 8.79%
71. An automobile uses a gasoline with an octane number of 85. Air is supplied 30% in
excess such that the molal ratio of CO2 to CO is 5:2 and H2to CO is 1:1 in the exhaust
gas. What is the percent of O2 free in the stack gas?
a) 2.95 b) 7.37 c) 7.79 d) 9.51
72. 15% oleum is to be produced using an absorbing acid, 40% H2SO4, and a burner gas
containing 884.8 kg SO3. Calculate the mass of product solution that would be
obtained if the gas leaving the absorption unit is SO3-free.
a) 1222 kg b) 1622 kg c) 1922 kg d) 2222 kg
73. A stoichiometric problem was solved on the basis of 100 moles dry flue gas (DFG). The
given condition at the stack outlet are as follows: 780 mm Hg, 970K and the partial
pressure ofwater is 24 mm Hg. The flue gas temperature in 0F is
a) 1472 b) 1287 c) 613 d) 323
74. If a fuel is composed mainly of saturated hydrocarbon, what is the ratio of carbon to
hydrogen in the fuel.
a) 0.271 b) 0.346 c) 0.587 d) 0.603
75. If moist hydrogen containing 4% water by volume is burnt completely in a furnace with
25% excess air, calculate the percent moisture of the flue gas produced from the
furnace.
a) 11.89% b) 20.90% c) 29.61% d) 41.56%

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