PHYSICS PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT

CLASS XI
THERMODYNAMICS

1. Why two isothermal curves can never intersect each other?

2. Give an example to show that internal energy can be converted into work.
3. Temperature of a gas rises when it is compressed. How is it then possible to have
isothermal compression where temperature remains constant?
4. Derive expressions for the slope of isothermal and adiabatic change in the indicator
diagram.
5. What do you mean by internal energy? What are the factors on which it depends?
6. Apply first law of thermodynamics for melting and boiling process to find the
expression of change in internal energy during the process.
7. Is the heat supplied to a system always equal to the increase in its internal energy?
Justify.
8. A refrigerator transfers heat from the cold inside to the warm surroundings. Is it
against the second law of thermodynamics?
9. Can a room be cooled by keeping the door of an electric refrigerator open?
10. Even when no heat is exchanged by the contents of a thermos flask, the contents
get heated up by constant shaking. Why?
11. Which of the two will increase the pressure more- an adiabatic or an isothermal
process in reducing the volume to 50%?
12. Why does the brake drum of an automobile get heated up while moving down at
constant speed?

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:

1. A certain gas at atmospheric pressure is compressed adiabatically so that its volume

becomes half of its original volume. Calculate the resulting pressure in N/m2. Take γ =
1.4 for air. [2.672 x 105 N/m2]
2. Calculate the fall in temperature of helium initially at 15 C, when it is suddenly expanded
0

to 8 times its original volume. Take γ = 5/3. [216 K]

3. A gas is suddenly compressed to half its original volume. Calculate the rise temperature,
the original temperature being 27 0C and γ = 1.5. [124.2 0C]
4. Calculate the efficiency of a Carnot’s engine working between steam point and ice point.
[26.81%]
5. A Carnot engine absorbs 6 x 105 cal at 2270C. Calculate work done per cycle by the
engine if its sink is maintained at 1270C. [5.04 x 105 J]
6. A refrigerator has to transfer an average of 263 J of heat per second from
temperature –100 C to 250 C. Calculate the average power consumed, assumed no energy
loss in the process. [35 watt]
7. One gram mole of an ideal gas at S.T.P. is subjected to a reversible adiabatic expansion
to double its volume. Find the change in internal energy of the process. Take γ = 1.4.

[1373.2 J]
8. A Carnot’s engine whose sink is at a temperature of 300 K has an efficiency of 40%. By
how much should the temperature of the source be increased so as to increase the
efficiency to 60%? [250 K]

1
9. A Carnot’s engine absorbs 1000 J of heat energy from a reservoir at 127 0C and rejects
600 J of heat during each cycle. Calculate (i) efficiency of the engine, (ii) temperature
of the sink, (iii) amount of useful work done per cycle.
[40%, -33 0C,
400 J]
10. In a perfect Carnot’s engine, the temperature of the source and the sink are 500 K and
375 K respectively. If the engine consumes 6 x 105 calorie per cycle, find (i) the
efficiency of the engine (ii) work done per cycle and (iii) heat rejected to the sink per
cycle. [25%, 68 x 104J, 45 x104 J]
11. A refrigerator is to remove heat from the eatables kept inside at 100 C. Calculate the
coefficient of performance, if room temperature is 360 C. [10.9]
12. One mole of ideal gas undergoes a cyclic change. The PV diagram for a cyclic process is a
rectangle ABCD drawn in order. The coordinates of A, B, C and D are (5, 1), (5, 4), (2, 4)
and (2,1) in the order (P, V). Pressure is in atmosphere and volume is in litres. Calculate
the work done in complete cycle. 1 atm = 106 dyne/cm2. [9 x 109 erg]
13. Calculate the increase in internal energy of 1 kg of water at 100 0C, when it is converted
into steam at same temperature and at 1 atmosphere. The density of water and steam is
1000 kg/m3 and 0.6 kg/m3 respectively. Lsteam = 2.25 x 106 J/kg. 1 atm = 105 N/m2.
[2.08 x 106 J]
14. A refrigerator, whose coefficient of performance is 5, extracts heat from cooling
compartment at the rate of 250 J/cycle. How much electric energy is spent per cycle?
How much heat per cycle is discharged to the room? [50 J, 300 J]
15. Assuming that a domestic refrigerator can be regarded as a reversible Carnot’s engine
working between the ice point and room temperature (17 0C), calculate the energy which
must be supplied to freeze one kilogram of water at 0 0C. [2.092 x 104 J]
16. In a refrigerator, heat from inside at -6 0C is transferred to a room at 27 0C. How many
joules of energy will be delivered to the room for each joule of electrical energy
consumed? Calculate also the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator.
[9.1 J, 8.1]