F

p =
A
" # $ % & '! Atmospheric Pressure

0% . %/ - % , () *+
' ,* - " 5- . % "-% 4 & , 23 $ 1
,# 6 7 7 * 8 9 *+ 1
1 - %# *+: ; -7 + 8 9< * 7 (
. % : '! Absolute Pressure 1
1 + % & '! Gauge Pressure . %

pg = pa − ps

=%
. % > pg

1 > pa

> ps

0% , ? - % & '! Vacuum 5 5-

% @0 % 9 . %/
V = ps − pa
 ! A 8 . %/ (9 -
% C B
"D9 ? & C 0 E% - *+ 0- - , -/ %@ - % --
1 + ?) 5 5- 759 %0 . %/ *+ F 5C
U ( @ G : 9 - 9 9 4 &@
% H % E% - ? & 9C ? I- (U-Tube Manometer) % 9
L @K # K 1 J < - 9C * +
% @ C M
0 E% - * + " 5- - , %/ F : - %0 -/ % --
%@ 9 ? - 9
Manometers L? - 9 J %@ 9 C 2
Bourdon Tube Gauge 9 - 9 L
. / @G *9 9 7 * 94 9 &
$% - "- &A MO3 ! BN3 % @ $-%
L"%- % -%J % 8 9C # 9 9 P+ ,*9 9 8 9C 5 5
L# -Q %J % % # 9 9Q P+ 8 9C 5 5 5- = A "- &A
E% - 1 + 4 -% GR % - 9 %T *+ 8 9< @ S&' IR-
Pressure Gauge with Diaphragm %G ? - 9 L8
1 +4 & @ % ?) 5 5- . % . % " 5- -
$%+ IR @ #G #9 9 . % -0%
Contact Manometers . )- ? - 9 L?
& ' *+ " 5- % @ , 7 *@ 9 - 9 I
% @ % ) - %T
Liquid Front Pressure Gauge # ? - 9 L=
 . % " 5- - % -? - 9 S&' % --
H 5 7 ? %- - 4 &@ % -- ,?
- 9 # %/ C S&' < - . %
? -'Q U -Q
Chemical Seals % % %@ 8 - H9 ? &? - 9 LV
. % "-% =% , % % %@ ? 9 *+ . % " 5- -
8 - 09 8 9 % , 8 9 1%
*0% # % % %@
Bellows Gauge %5 79 C W
& H%+ *9 # C S&' *+ . 90
$ %+ . % & % # % X 79 % L? -J % ?%
*9 *9 4 9 0% , 5 5-
Differential Pressure Gauge %/ 7 C Y
0- * / + - * 5- # G . 90
Z - 4 9 1 + G 9 #G *+ IR
. 1 +H * - ,% 9- % @ 0+ / A