THE CENTURY

of the
RE V O L UTI O N S
French
Revolution9
1789-179
ing
d m o r e than cutt
pose lism
“This sup k in g . The libera d
of a rstan
the head w a y to unde
n e w yle.
brought a , so c ie t y and lifest
onomy n, expand
ed
politic, ec la t e r o
The wars
tha t
si st e d in two ways
o n
Europe c ne of the
m,
thorough . O
cient as
w o r ld
anding A n
of underst o w n a s
ne, kn ich w
the old o w one wh ”
n e .
Regimn eas,aLiberal System
n d t h e

know
 iv is io n o f t h e m u se u m
D

collections
Ground floor:
storage place
1 Zumalakarregi and his time
3 The Zumalakarregi brothers

2 The Zumalakarregi Family

ury”
3 Game Room: “Explore the 19th cent

1
entrance
reception
shop

First floor:

4 Contemporaries
researcher’s
5 room offices
5 Audiovisual “Two worlds against eac
h other”

6 Antecedents of the First Carlist War

6 4 The Fueros
Dynastic affair

7 Enemies
6 10 Carlists
11 Liberals
Humanization of the war

7 8 9 8 Main keys of the war

Help to the Carlists
Help to the Liberals
War is not limited to armed fights
Cities
Panorama of San Sebastian
Tiredness of the war
Peace
10 Tomas Zumalakarregi. The Myth Weaponry
9 Period between wars
2nd Carlist War
Burst of the war 11 Multimedia “Military history in the
Carlist State Basque Country of the 19th century”
Publicity
Last actions
Carlist failure
 Index
Two worlds Page

facing each other .4

War, war Page

and more war .5

The Zumalakarregi Page

brothers .6
Zumalakarregi Family

Page
1st Carlist war .8
(1833-1839)
politic fight
The dynastic conflict, a
The Fueros
Armies
Foreigner participation
ara”
The “Agreement of Berg

Period between Page

two wars .17
(1839-1872)
to the Foundries
From the Iron Factories
to Bidasoa
1841: customs: from Ebro
The industrialization
The Railway
Enlargement of Cities
Fuerism

Page
2nd Carlist War .19
(1872-1876)
Page
Curiosities .21
The press (newspapers)
h century
Main characters in the 19t
Games

Page

Industrial Revolution .29

rts
The revolution in transpo
gi
The Viaduct of Ormaizte
 W O R L D S
TWO
g each other
facin List the main differences between

Ancient Regime
the Ancient Regime and Liberalism.

Liberalism

Economy

Society

Politic

Religion

4
 WAR, The use of wea
pons was not a
new th in g fo r
r 40 years was
B a sques. The figh
known in
t

war and
st e d fo ed
e e n tw o re g imes th a t la
it e d b y fr o n tiers was harm
betw untry is lim rsts
a ys . As Basque Co th e place for the fi

more war…
if fe re n t w u se d a s
d ot only that
y wars: it was n ifferent troops
considerably b
civil war
o u s p a ss fo r d
tinu
s, but as a con ,
and lasts battle k ru p t. A t th e e nd, a
conomical ban
supposed the e
orse.
this was even w

T.
ZUMALAKARREG
1788 1793-1795 1808-1814
I 1820- 1823 1833-1839 1835 1872-1876
Convention Napoleonic 1823 One hundred 1st Carlist 2nd Carlist
War War Liberal thousand War War
Triennial children
of Saint Luis

born 5
s
He wa

in Orm
aizteg
i
years
20 32
years years
45years
47 years

gi sp ent all his life between wa

rs. R . I . P .
To m as Zu m ala ka rre
a
r being just a kid, chose
He met up with the wa ghter
r becoming a guerrilla fi
military occupation afte
finally with his life.
and another war ended

5
 a l a k a r r e g i
THE Zum
BR O T H E R S

To
l
ma
u e
s

ig
M
Which were their professions?

What did they study for?

Which ideology did they support?

Which book is in their showcase?

Did you know any of them before

visiting the museum?

Which is, in your opinion more

interesting? Why?

TOMASwas last but ondee cidof foedurhim

teen MIG UEL, the oldest brother or hisof Tofammasily,.
acte
family to e most remarkable char
was th
brothers and sisters. His tes of Cadiz” and
did. He participated in “Cor
be clerk*, like his father ion. He also worked as
redacting 1812’s Constitut
, Senator and Minister of
mayor in San Sebastian
Grace and Justice.

* Clerk: is a worker of the administration, who is in charge of the

6 realization of duties that nowadays are done by notaries.
 Francisco
Antonio
Zumalakarregi 2nd wedding Maria Ana
(1741- Imaz E G I
Altolagirre A K A R R
ZUMAL
FAMILY
Ana
Antonia Miguel
(1770-1792) Antonio Francisco
(1773-1846) Antonio
Maria
(1774-
Ignacia Eusebio
(1776-1837) Antonio Juana
(1778- Bautista Silveria
(1781-1836) (1783-
housewife
Miguel
Liberal Romualdo
politician soldier
Margarita
(1785- (1786 - 1788)
housewife TOMAS
(1788- 1835)
priest of Jose
Ormaiztegi
housewife Manuel
housewife (1791 - 1883)

the
rregi Fam ily was part of ed died with
The Zumalaka m , w h ic h w a s much extend
, stratu 21 months
ughters Carlist
gentleman* y. T h e y u se d to get their da
ue countr ns, in order General
in all the Basq a n d g iv e st u dies to their so priest of
ood dowry y. Mutiloa
married with g ch u rc h or for the arm
ribe, fo r th e
to work as a sc

* Gentleman: According to the Fueros, all inhabitants from Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa were
gentlemen, that is to say, free, exempt from going to military service and from paying

7
taxes, and owners of their politic rights.
 H E DY N A S T IC
T
First R CONFLICT:
CARL I S T W A
A POLITIC
1833-1839 FIGHT
I will
be the My da
ughte
King will be
the
r
queen
, am I
right,
Isabel
?

C“carorwln oprisncV
e”

Isabel
II Fernando
VII
queen”
“The innocent
was only
ne knew
3 years
old
rnando VII died, everyo
When in 1833 the King Fe s did not
e wa r wa s ab ou t to ex plode. His brother Carlo
that th t approved,
ce pt th e Pr ag m at ic Sa nction, a law that was jus
ac erefore, he
access to the throne. Th
and permitted women s the
ion ag ain st Isa be l, his 3 year old niece. This wa
took posit
st t War.
beginning of the 1 Carlis

Is there any law that discriminates women? What do you think?

Yes No

8
 Genealogy
of the
Maria Luisa
Borbons
Carlos IV of Parma

Fernando VII María Cristina

Carlos V María Teresa Francisco Luisa Carlota
of Borbón
(1808-1833) of Braganza
of Paula of Napoles

Francisco
Isabel II
Luisa Duke of
Juan III Mª Beatriz Enrique
of Asis
(1833-1868) Fernanda Montpensier of Modena of Borbón

Margarita
Princess María Carlos VII
Alfonso XII Cristina
of Parma
Isabel (1874-1885)

Victoria Eugenia of Blanca

Alfonso XIII Battenberg of Borbón
(1886-1931)

Mª Mercedes of Borbón
Juan Dos Sicilias

Juan Carlos I Sofía of Grecia

(1975- )

Elena Cristina Felipe

9
 10
Caricatures
s
of the Borbon
Who is
who?
LO”Satirical magazine
“UNA FAMILIA MODE : D.P.
lona, 20-II-1870. Autor
LA FLACA. Nº35, Barce

in had a
In less than eight years (1868-1876) Spa
pretenders between
queen, two kings and thee different In this caricature we can see a fight
to the . In this caricature we can g at the
throne throne. The Borbons for the throne. The paintin
see a fight between Borbons for the s a fight
caricature left backside of the caricature reflect
painting at the left backside of the er, Carlos
and his between Fernando VII and his fath
reflects a fight between Fernando VII ing the
7 to 1814 VI, as they did from 1807 to 1814 dur
father, Carlos VI, as they did from 180 Napoleonic war.
during the Napoleonic war.
 sband of bel II. The
I am Francisco of Asis, hu I am Alfonso XII, son of Isa
rt. I have sier, Carlos IV I have a
Isabel II, former king conso I am the Duke of Montpen I am Fernando VII, son of next king (5 years later).
both arms II and left arm
a moustac he and I have brother in law of Isabel and father of Isabel II. My weapon.
raised. I have is raised. 10
1 pretender to the throne.
my hair 7
a moustac he and I have
in a mess. r of Isabel II. 11
Fernando I am Fernando VII, fathe
I am Carlos IV, father of 4 throned
I am Isabel II, recently de
VII. My right leg is raised. e striped
2 queen. I am wearing a blu
rnanda, dress. etender,
I am the Princess Luisa Fe I am Carlos VII, carlist pr
of duke of 8 ord have
Duke of sister of Isabel II and wife my white beret and my sw
I am Enrique of Borbon, n.
brother, Montpensier. I have a fa 5 dropped.
Sevilla, Francisco of Asis’s est 12
law of I am Blanca of Borbon, eld
also cousin and brother in am wearing
I am daughter of Carlos VII. I
Isabel II. In the right hand Fernando a red beret. successor of
I am Carlos V, brother of I am the princess Isabel,
holding a newspaper. beret. 9 blue dress. 13
VII. I am wearing a white

11
3 6 Isabel II. I am wearing a
 *
THE FUEROS
were
fig h ti n g , g u n in hand, they
were eoretical
asque people r Queen. The th
When in 1833 B o f th e K in g o f
t w o rr ie d a b o ut the option f sp e e ch , e q u ality in front o
no e right o r most
lism, such as th out of hand fo
n y
supposed ma
rights of Libera and so o n , w e re ju st
ls politic rights,
law, individua s
it e o f that, the Fuero

advantages
e sp
peop le . D for the country.

Mark in the next two maps where wwere

situated the customs* in 1833 and w
where
were changed in 1841.

customs in

1833
customs in

1841

* Fueros: conjunct of laws that completed the uses and

a costumes of each territory in writing.
* Customs: public office or fiscal institution established
estab generally at the coasts and frontiers, in
order to registry the international
tional goods traffic which are imported or exported in and from a
specific country and charge taxes that they owe.
12
 rned
o w n F u e ro s, privileges conce
gion had its ws recompilati
ons
Each Basque re g e . If th o se la
e middle a ot easy their in
tegration
by law from th ti sm , it w a s n
e absolu nd legal
only limited th o st ly b e ca u se their fiscal a
em, m
in a Liberal syst
eros from
peculiarities. d th e a b o lis h ment of the Fu
on cause
French revoluti beroa.
u rd i, L o w N a varrase and Zu fo r a longer and m
ore
Lap is p ro ce ss
ions suffered th
Peninsular reg
e.
Classify next concepts complicate tim
in the correct column

Bourgeois without institutional position Fiscal exempt Military service exempt

Lack of protection in front of European competition Frontiers situated at the Ebro
Facilities to import American and European products Better dressed
Lack of integration in the Spanish market cheaper tobacco

es
Advantacogm mon people:
Disadvantageasls:
of the Fueros for of the Fueros for the lib
er

2008

13
ARMIES
+ : www.zumalakarregimuseoa.net/ekintzak-eta-zerbitzuak/ikerketa-eta-dokumentazioa/xix.mendeko-
historia-euskal-herrian

Carlists Troops:

Liberal Troops:
re equipped a
s the a t th e b e ginning, the ca
ly some group
rlists were
s of guerrilla
the liberals we o n gest
s o f th e ti m e announced. ie rs a rm e d badly. The big
cano n so ld i was
e u n if o rm s fo llowed French su cc e ss o f Zumalakarreg
Th ith only
se of their bad regular army w
models. Becau lays fa ci n g u p a
ere taught in
ey suffered de farmers, who w
organization, th 10 0 0
military tactics.
e ir p a y a n d provisioning
in th , they
n st a n tl y, b u t even though
co rs.
100.000 soldie
moved around

And the Carlist Infantry?

osed the
How many soldiers comp
Liberal Infantry?

Why is the soldier

of the image naked?

Who were known as

“Txapelgorriak”?

14
FOREIGNER
T I C I PAT I O N When the war started th
ey did not take any priso
PAR the enemies were directly
both parts sign an agreem shot . Lo rd Ell iot
ent in order to exchange
m
ners,
ade
prisoners. The British colla
boration also affected
to the “Agreement of Be
rgara”. As it does nowa
the humanitarian goals days,
kept political and econom
interests. ical

Whic h kind of help did

the Liberals received?
What about Carlists?

igner
Does nowadays any fore
participate in civil wars?

Where? What kind of

participation?

15
 the
G R E E M E N T
“A
B E R G A R A ”
OF

oposed the declaration

Although Muñagorri pr
“Paz y Fueros”
the Agreement of Bergar
, it did not success, but
a, one year later, had th
e same
ros”
ap th e en d of th e wa r for strengthen the “Fue
basis: sw rgara
d sa lar ies of th e Ca rlis t officers. The hug of Be
an
n between both sides.
represents the conciliatio

nt of
What says the “Agreeme
os?
Bergara” about the Fuer

ñ a g o r r i k d iona
Mu
re p r o k l a m ian:
b e gaitu
And about the dynastic af
fair?
o n d a tz e n
gerrak
a r r e n u r t i an;
bostg a rlos
r i z a n K
igaz jar
a d r i l g o b idian,
M
z a z u te n a tzera, After the war ended, mo
st of
bult nded Fueros.
r ra b e r e o ñ ian... the Basque liberals defe
ge Why?

k”
orr iren kanta
v e rs e fr o m “Muñag
A
Lertxundi
by Benito

16
 the su cc e ss o f p o lit ical revolution
s
Period
It is not possible
S
ical
R
al and ideolog
W A
o m ic

N
e co n

E
soci a l,

BETWE
if there are no ctories,
rm a ti o n . T o u rism, paper fa l and
transfo
xp a n si o n o f ci ties, economica
emigration, e r factors,
ideologica l d e ca d e n ce a nd many othe
ed the
2) (1839-187
b e e n e a sy ch anges, as show
had not ar.
e 2nd Carlist W
explosion of th
F A C T O RI E S
N
From the IRO N D R I E S
to the F OU
The importance of the iro
n has been the main ch
Basque industrialization aracteristics of the
process.
Iron factories did not ins
tall modern technologies
did. As a result, most of , as Europeans
those factories disappear
the 2nd half of the 19th ed during
industrialization Century and new foundr
ies brought
, process to the Basque
Country.

in an Iron factory?
Is it made in a foundry or
POT
What is it made of ?
Only iron?

What is written on it?

What was it used for?

PLOUGH Is it made in a foundry or

in an Iron factory?

What is it made of ?
Only iron?

What was it used for?

Do modern ploughs have

this form? 17
17
 : C U S T O M S
1841
R O M E B R O TO
F
t W a r, th e lo ca l B I D A S O A
er the 1 Carlis
st
Aft most
changing. The
system started to
dification was
important mo
s.
change custom

INDUSTRIALIZATION

THE RAILWAY
innovation on
The railway was the main
munication lines.
the development of com
n see the viaduct
In the engraving you ca
ed in 1864.
of Ormaiztegi, inaugurat

The industrialization sta

rted with the paper
production, where the fa
ctories situated in
Tolosa took 80% contro
l of the Spanish paper
market.

FUERISM
became
In the politic area fuerism
ading of
much stronger. The spre

N I N G O F “Gernikako
the
W I D E arbola” song of
the
Iparragirre is a sample of
THE CITIES Demolishing walls of Sa
Iparragirre
popularity reached by th
fuerism, defended by dif
e
ferent
n Sebastian in
1863 justifies the necessity political options.
of expansion of
the cities.

18
 2nd
The injuries that showed
up during the 1st

I S T W A R
CARL
properly, so that
Carlist war did not cure
started in
the 2nd Carlist War
1872 and finished 1872-18 76
in 1876.
Why did the 2 Carlist
nd

War explode?

es
Whic h were the differenc
e
between the First and th
Second War?

Where did occur the first

failure of the Carlists?

polemic
Who has been the most
character of this war?
Why?

State.
Carlists tried to create a
velop?
Whic h areas did they de

mbol
Whic h fight became a sy
for the carlists?

2nd C.War
1st C.War breech-loading
muzzle-loading Weapons

19
 st Carlist War the king was Carlo
s V, in the second was
If during th e 1 e
ection of most part of th
CarlosinhV II . He was also under prot
abitants.
Basque rural

1st Biba Karlos septimo

As happened during the
Carlist war, who controlle
d the eta Margarita,
laister ikusiko deu
ere
cities? And which cities wh
besieged?
tronuan jarrita.

Txapela zuri eta

borlia berdia,
zaldi gañian dator
Don Karlos guria

Borondate guztiaz
Who lost the artu nuben arma,
war? negarrez utzirikan
aita eta ama
Whic h was the most Karlosek bidali du
important consequence
of this failure? Frantzitik ordena
txanponian saltzeko
beltzik aundiena

20
 RI O SI T I E S
CU When we pron
ounce th
n two troo
e w
p
o
s.
rd w
Press
a r it does not only
mean
would have
d
a fight betwee e rt is in g to o ls for a group an
f the main ad v n
pretty much o
PRESS become one o ss w o rk e d o n
e European pre
for another. Th 2nd Carlists Wa
r.
d o w n s o f th e
the ups and

ess issues
Whic h of the following pr
st War?
concerns to the First Carli
nd
What about the 2 ?

21
Satirical irical m
agazine

magazines:
own sat
ame for your
Cre ate a n

chnical progress,
From 1879, factors like te
by the new political
or opportunities offered
nce of satirical
situation, carried abunda
ines reflect their
magazines. These magaz
eir titles.
style and intentions at th

La Bomba. Barcelona El Alacrán. Valladolid

Fray Gerundio. Madrid El Caimán. Madrid
El Cohete. Madrid
Arlequín. Madrid La Caricatura. Madrid
Robinson. Barcelona
El Burro. Madrid El Charlatán. Barcelona
a La Porra. Barcelona
El Pájaro Verde. Barcelon Letras y Cuernos. Madrid
a La Calavera. Barcelona
El Pájaro Azul. Barcelon Barcelona El Caballero de Gracia.
Madrid
La Carcajada. Madrid,
El Cascabel. Madrid La Semana en San Seba
stián.
El Loro. Barcelona
El Tiburón. Barcelona id El Coco. Madrid
Chorizos y Polacos. Madr . Barcelona
Gil Blas. Madrid La Esquella de la Torratxa
La Mosca. Barcelona
La Víbora. Barcelona drid El Danzarín. Vitoria
drid El Rompe-Cabezas. Ma
Aventuras de Pichichi. Ma a La Cigala. Barcelona
Barcelona La Marsellesa. Barcelon
La Campana de Gracia. El Matute. Madrid
El Gallo. Barcelona
Jeremias. Madrid La Retaguardia. Madrid
El Motín. Madrid
El Trueno. Madrid La Jota. Logroño.
El Tupé. Barcelona
Don Quijote. Madrid El Último Mono. Madrid
La Avispa. Madrid
La Flaca. Barcelona
El Busilis. Barcelona
La Gorda. Madrid

22
 ee s
Liberal The trunk represents thre
Tof thhe etreebreprreseantnthce h
caricature Carlist symbol: provinces:
ical magazine,
GOD ARABA
M A D E JA P OLÍTICA”satir COUNTRY
“LA 4 GIPUZKOA
celona, 2-V-187
number 22 Bar KING BIZKAIA
(Dios, Patria y Rey).

are
Although the decline of Gernika Tree bears ed priests.
the 1st Republic of Spain Carlists and always arm
, es, some
after the knock of Pavia As many other caricatur
ms,
carlists look like mushroo
this
feminine of them
others seem rats, but all
ret on
are wearing a Basque be
their heads.
figue.rIneherstihallndrepr, weesecantns
the Stat
wn the
see the axe that cuts do
Gernika Tree.

G
a su
eppornteer ofrreapulbliCcanso, isnrecpresehntaed, whbyoawasaw.s k”, creremataineds
troleo
eontrCaorlols otelapen
z de la Concha was the re “D
Tthehbrocehup
General Manuel Gutierre is brochure reflects
s in the North provinces, by Vicente Manterola. Th
leader of Spanish troop ort, where the image of
their triumph. He died in carlist´s ideological supp
and it was also hope for
The rryostuordy:ts of Gernika
tree are ve
er. proclaim law and order.
Lizarra, two months lat churches on fire is used to
ABSOLUTISM ge Don Carlos with the
At this time, they exchan
INTOLERANCE ”.
Basque law code “foruak
FANATICISM

23
 Carli st s c a r ic a t u r e s are a bit clumsy, less
ns are generally more
d images. The republica
funny, in both, texts an ed republicans
ive an d fu nn y, bu t no less cruel. If carlist identifi eys or
creat
bli ca ns ca rlis ts ar e do gs, lambs, monkeys, donk
with pigs, for re pu
even rats.

politician and
In this caricature, priest,
erola, adores the carlists
ideologist Vicente Mant
“lambs” .

?
What is written on the flag
nce in this
Is there any other refere
museum?

24
 ALLELUIAS Each publi ca tio n ha s a dif fer en t format, starting from a
wh
white and black
ich where used for singin
g in
lui as ” in big fo rm at
El maestro de escuela
simple sheet, until “alle ta lke d about different topics,
the one
s. Th e “a lle lui as ”
EL MOTIN. streets and square
above is about teachers.
9). Madrid
AÑO IX. Nº11 (17-III-8
de Madrid
Hemeroteca Municipal

Juan era un hombre Pero le dió la manía Y diez arrobas cabales Obtubo escuela, y en breve A todas las horas el cura
honrado,gordo, lucio y de estudiar pedagogía pesaba entonces Juan Bales solo llegó a pesar nueve le quemaba la figura
colorado

Si algún bruto no aprendía, O el padre de algún inculto Su sueldo pedía en balde Y como nunca cobraba, Al dormir, sus pesadillas
la madre le escarnecía quería buscarle el bulto al gobierno y al alcalde el hambre le devoraba eran panes y tortillas

Se iba al sol frecuentemente La libertad de enseñanza Se desmayó cierto día Contemplaba su alacena Como no daba dinero
por tomar algo caliente practicaba de esta traza frente à una pastelería más limpia que una patena le echó a la calle el casero

Y el hombre salió del paso Quiere atraer,¡vano intento! Tan flacucho ya se hallaba Cuando el viento oir se deja Una día de hambres crueles
habitando à campo raso las aves con el aliento que ni sombra proyectaba tiene que subir a una reja se engulló cuatro carteles

Y de allí a pocos momentos Murió, y à su cuerpo enjuto Sin clérigos y si canto Y España que tal consiente,
le dieron los sacramentos sirvió de caja un canuto lleváronle al camposanto mantiene gorda à esta gente.
25
 MAIN CHARACTERS
OF
THE 19TH CENTURY
m o s t k n ow n …
The
Why were they famous?

26
 o we r e n o t t h a t f a m o u s…
and wh itzuak/ikerketa-eta- rb
ka rre gi m us eoa.net/ekintzak-eta-ze
+ : ww w. zu m ala
endeko-pertsonaia-xum
eak
dokumentazioa/xix.m

Miguel Joaquín
Eleizegi
(1818-1861)
ll and had
Alzo giant was 2,42m ta
a 64cm tall
203kg weigh. He needed
chair, used 33cm large glo
ves and Juan Crisostomo
alent of shoe
42cm size brogues, equiv
number 63.
de Arriaga
(1806-1826)
He composed his first wo
rk when he
was eleven years old, th
e assay was
titled “Nada y mucho”.
When he was
fourteen, he debuted in
Bilbao with
the successful opera “Los
esclavos
felices”.

“El moro
vizcaino”
(1827-1876)
He worked in Morocco,
t,
as a storyteller, merchan
pilgrim or even beggar.
After having all those
an
professions, he became
expert on Maghreb daily
life and also, mosques.

Eugenio
Bizenta Avir)aneta
Mogel (1792-1872
spy, and
(1782-1854) He was conspirator and
carlists
When she was 22 years provoked division inside
ad around
published “Ipui onac”, Ba
old troops. To do so, he spre
sque false documents and rumours,
translation of Esopo`s leg
ends. decreasing confidence between
This is the first legends bo ent
published in Basque lan
ok officials and discouragem
guage. between soldiers.

27
 and you GAMES
Send the answers
will get a presena.tnet
PARTICIPATE mzumalakarregi@gipuz
ko

de th is “b er tso ” of Be ña t Gaztelumendi: Code used by carlists

Deco
a b c d e f g h i j

k l ll m n ñ o p q r s

t u v x y z

What are those objects?

Some people say that Tomas Zumalakarregi invented the potato

omelette “patata tortilla”. What do you think about it? Is it true?
Yes No

+ VIRTUAL ZM, Education virtual service of the Zumalakarregi Museum:

www.zumalakarregimuseoa.net/actividades/educacion
28
 S T R I A L
INDU I O N
2nd half of
During the
the 19 centu
th ry,
REV O L U T rted in the
industrial revolution sta
ments were
Basque Country. Develop
d Bizkaia, but
located in Gipuzkoa an
which sector with different models.
Look at the map and say
uzkoa.
was distinguished in Gip
What about Bizkaia?

TRANSPORT
REVOLUTION
low on each map:
Classify each transport be
On wheel(stagecoach, carriage, galley), on food, cavalry (muleteer), sailboat,
steamboat (wheel steamboat, propeller steamboat, locomotive).
Also communications (railway, roads, highway, county road)

1788 1865

29
 THE VIADUCT This viaduct is the most
the railway that connec
important work of
ts Madrid with Paris
the 15th of august, in
OF ORMAIZTEGI and it was inaugurated
s large
288metrheig
1864. It is
h
and34metres , that is
to cross the valley
how it gives de possibility
1800tons weigh
above
below.
s the engineering
four main columns; it wa
Alexander Lavalley
,
Eiffel, who constructed a
predecessor of Gustave al
e and light viaduct. A re
wide, comfortable, secur
keynote work mostly m
ade of iron , which
ng
revolutionary constructi
was an innovating and
any options in building.
material that offered m

for
du ct of Or m aiz te gi, which has been working
old via at they foresee
Result of his work is the en th e tra in traffic duplicated wh
131 years of daily us e, ev en wh ated the new
en th e old via du ct wa s definitely closed and cre
in 1864. It was in 1995 wh lle y` s construction was ruino
us.
ply ing th at La va ristics,
viaduct, without im try co m pa ra ble to its technical characte
sque Co un
There is no work in all Ba ctu re , admired by locals and fo
reigners.
foundations
iro n m ad e ar ch ite are
historical importance or ht , th e bu ilding
is no t in sig es
But the most admirable lcu lat ion hig hli ghts among other bridg
etres deep and the fo rce s ca
20em
time.
of th

30
 1864
Ina u gu ra ti o n a ct o f th e viaduct 1912 ack
on 1864 the cities of
Since it was inaugurated etime brought
Doubleactr
our Pe
connected by train and
Madrid and Paris were nt improvements and new
ry ch an ge d co m ple te ly. It has a very importa
histo rst technologies.
y wars have been its wo
strategic value that isndwh
rlist war 1872-1876, the
enemy. During the 2 ca
was fired, but only a few
Train Station of Beasain
duct of Ormaiztegi.
faults affected to the via

1928
Electrification 1936 Wartime
destruction
th
war, on the 15 and
During the Spanish Civil
ers from the blast
16th of September, work
down the bridge
furnace of Bergara cut
in order to stop
with their soldering irons
an excellent work,
Francoist troops. It was
sives… But francoist
clean and without explo
y, and shooted all
Reinforce with soldiers arrive the next da
ll of the cemetery of
workers against the wa
concrete made to the bridge.
Ormaiztegi, which is next
columns 1941
Inauguration of thout the train
Everyone knows that wi
1995 t. They constructed
the new viaduct world would be differen
ment signal and
the viaduct as a develop
odel of that time.
it became a progress m
new viaduct was
Next to the old one, the
that the old bridge
inaugurated in 1995, so
viaduct will also
stopped working. Today’s
e ay and somebody
ns tru ction , it wa s re inf orced with concrete mad become obsolete somed
For its reco

31
ce. to future needs.
ns . Th is co nfi gu re s to day’s viaduct appearan will purpose to adapt it
colum
 nt
We have a very importa
characters
connection with the main
past, because
and witnesses from the
rstand our
it is not possible to unde
out them.
nowadays life-style with

Our historic heritage nts. Some of

has a variety of compone
others express
them offer information,
increase
feelings, and all of them
lves.
knowledge about ourse

a lot to say with the

Identity of a nation has
dscape. Usually, each
natural and human lan
meaningful
big city has its own
monuments : Statue of Liberty
r in Paris, and so on.
in New York, Eiffel Towe
s which have a special
There are also small town
different from the
element that makes them
e of those. You can see
others; Ormaiztegi is on
rspective of the town.
the viaduct from each pe
an important element
Besides, it has become in
tegi. Nowadays, it is
of the daily life of Ormaiz
320 m.

maiztegi without old

impossible imagining Or
bridge.

ke
Metres are not what mabut…
the viaduct important,

Eiffel Tower Viduct of Ormaiztegi

34 m.

s
Pisa Tower Underground foundation
and columns
51 m.

Column of the Blue whale

viaduct

32
 ay pass
hin g sp ec ial th e po int that Madrid-Paris railw
et ay conjunction.
Nowadays, it is not som nd ay a m ake an important railw
th at Iru n- He
through Gipuzkoa, or ha t if the train would be co
nstructed in the
be en dif fer en t. W knows,
But it could have
uld ar riv e to Ba ion a th rough Pamplona? Who
u co
Alduides? And what if yo es co uld sp en d their holidays in the re
gions
rre se Py re ne
inhabitants of the Nava tion, although
ea , m ay be . Na va rre se bet strongly for that op
of Goierri or Tolosald
possible.
nowadays, it seems not
would go through
If Madrid-Paris railway
Paris

me the Industrial
Navarra, would be the sa
Baiona
Revolution of Gipuzkoa?
Ormaiztegi
Iruña

Madrid

What
Baiona What about your town?
the train?
influence had or will have
Donostia

Ormaiztegi

Gasteiz
Iruña

Paris Piemonte
on the
Miles of Basques worked
ay directed
construction of the railw
machinery and
by French engineering;
ch. 600 workers
materials were also Fren
from PIAMONTE , specialised
on in the Franco
on the tunnels constructi Ormaiztegi
ItalianALPS , at the gap between 1863
Beasain and Olazagutia.
with some
Those workers together
rked
Basque workers, who wo
VIADUCT of
on the
ORMAIZTEGI the , continued with
works of
French company at the
SUEZ CANAL . One of them
rn in Tolosa.
was Nemesio Artola, bo

33
 T R A IN could carry 1000
tons from
In 1864, O N E
stian in ONE HO
UR…
Ormaiztegi to San Seba

1000tons

1 TRAIN
1 hour
…the same load would need
100 CARRIAGES during a
WHOLE DAY.

1000 tons

100
CARRIAGES
1 day

34
 of the railway.
This alleluia expresses a perspective

35
 Idea, texts and graphic design realization:
K6 Gestión Cultural

Zumalakarregi Museum:
www.zumalakarregimuseoa.net

“XIX Century Album”

www.albumsiglo19mendea.net/en/index.php?

ZUMALAKARREGI MUSEUM
Muxika egurastokia 6.
20216 Ormaiztegi (Gipuzkoa)
Tel.: +34 943 88 99 00 Fax.: +34 943 88 01 38
mzumalakarregi@gipuzkoa.net
www.zumalakarregimuseoa.net

© zumalakarregi museum 2011

impreso con materiales reciclados