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The history of philosophy, scientific discoveries and development in India

dates back to the Vedic era. It is believed that, ancient Indian scholars
had developed geometric theorems before Pythagoras who did in the
sixth century B.C. The concept of squares, rectangles, circles, triangles,
fractions, and the ability to express the number ten to the twelfth power,
algebraic formulas, and astronomy have all their origins in Vedic
literature; some are as early as 1500 B.C. The decimal system was
already in use during the Harappan civilization. This is evident in their
use of weights and measures.
Moreover, the concepts of astronomy, metaphysics,
and perennial movement are all embodied in the Rig Veda. Although the
Chinese used a decimal based counting system, it was the formal
notational system of the Indians that reached the west through the Arabs.

India·s development in the field of science and technology was

substantial from British period. In 1947 when India got her independence,
the process of development was further enhanced by receiving funds
from the government. Today for the government, science and technology
is an important part of its five-year plans.

Today, one can easily realize that India has achieved significant success
in varied fields of science and technology in global arena. India can boast
of leading scientists and their path breaking research. The government-
sponsored scientific and technical developments have aided research in
diverse areas such as agriculture, medical, biotechnology, cold regions
research, communications, environment, industry, mining, nuclear
power, space, and transportation..

Now India has expertise in the fields of astronomy and astrophysics, liquid
crystals, condensed matter physics, molecular biology, virology, and
crystallography, software technology, nuclear power and defense
research and development.

India·s technological discoveries in the fields of pharmacology, brain

surgery, medicine, artificial colors and glazes, metallurgy,
recrystallization, chemistry, the decimal system, geometry,astronomy,
and language and linguistics (systematic linguistic analysis having
originated in India with Panini's fourth-century B.C. Sanskrit grammar, the
Ashtadhyayi) have led to the practical applications in various allied
sectors.

The government·s early ´Scientific Policy Resolution ² 1958µ states that,

"by all appropriate means, the cultivation of science and scientific
research in all its aspects ² pure, applied, and educational" should be
encouraged. In 1983, the government issued a similar statement, which,
while stressing the importance of international cooperation and the
diffusion of scientific knowledge, put considerable emphasis on self-
reliance and the development of indigenous technology .

The goals are to be achieved restlessly with the cooperation from

individuals and institutions as well, so as to make India a prosperous and
developed nation in the world.

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