Magnets and orthodontics

Authors: P J Sandler, S Meghji, A M Murray, S D Springate, J R Sandy, V Crow, R T
Reed
British journal of orthodontics. 12/1989; 16(4):243-9.

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The use of permanent magnets in the orthodontic clinic

Authors: L S Persin, B P Markov, V I Titov, A Iu Porokhin
Stomatologiia. 02/1995; 74(5):76-8.

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Rare earth magnets in orthodontics: an overview

Authors: J H Noar, R D Evans
British journal of orthodontics. 04/1999; 26(1):29-37.
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Clinical application of magnets in orthodontics and biological implications: a review

Authors: M A Darendeliler, A Darendeliler, M Mandurino
European journal of orthodontics. 09/1997; 19(4):431-42.

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Orthodontic rare earth magnets--in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity

Authors: L Bondemark, J Kurol, A Wennberg
British journal of orthodontics. 12/1994; 21(4):335-41.

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Force generation by orthodontic samarium-cobalt magnets

Authors: J A von Fraunhofer, P W Bonds, B E Johnson
The Angle orthodontist. 02/1992; 62(3):191-4; discussion 195-6.

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Orthodontic extrusion with magnets: A case report

Authors: Christian Mehl, Stefan Wolfart, Matthias Kern
Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985). 06/2008; 39(5):371-9.

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Evaluation of three dimensional orthodontic force produced by magnet of fix appliance
Authors: Xin Dai, Zhi-Ming Hou, Ge Yao, Jing-Long Wen
Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology. 01/2009; 17(6):625-8.

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Attractive magnets for orthodontic extrusion of crown-root fractured teeth

Authors: L Bondemark, J Kurol, A L Hallonsten, J O Andreasen
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of
Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 09/1997; 112(2):187-93.

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Effects of orthodontic magnets on cutaneous epithelial thickness and tibial bone growth
in rats
Authors: A Linder-Aronson, P Rygh, S Lindskog
Acta odontologica Scandinavica. 09/1995; 53(4):259-63.

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Orthodontic traction of impacted canine using magnet: a case report

Authors: Larry Li, Ricky Wong, Nigel King
Cases journal. 01/2009; 1(1):382.

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Orthodontic magnets: effects on gingival epithelium and alveolar bone in monkeys

Authors: A Linder-Aronson, S Lindskog, P Rygh
European journal of orthodontics. 09/1992; 14(4):255-63.

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Orthodontic magnets. A study of force and field pattern, biocompatibility and clinical
effects
Authors: L Bondemark
Swedish dental journal. Supplement. 02/1994; 99:1-148.

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Extent and flux density of static magnetic fields generated by orthodontic samarium-
cobalt magnets
Authors: L Bondemark, J Kurol, A Wisten
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of
Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 06/1995; 107(5):488-96.

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Clinical applications of magnets in orthodontics
Authors: Papadopoulos M.A.
Hellenic Orthodontic Review. 01/1999;

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Magnets in orthodontics
Authors: T M George, A Valiathan, A I George, D J Payapilly
Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (Pierre Fauchard Academy. India Section). 07/1992; 6(2):45-54.

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Force-distance relation and properties of repelling Sm-Co5 magnets in orthodontic

clinical use: an experimental model
Authors: L Bondemark, J Kurol
Scandinavian journal of dental research. 09/1992; 100(4):228-31.

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Effects of gradually increasing force generated by permanent rare earth magnets for
orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Ryo Tomizuka, Hiroyasu Kanetaka, Yoshinaka Shimizu, Akihiro Suzuki,
Kaoru Igarashi, Hideo Mitani
The Angle orthodontist. 12/2006; 76(6):1004-9.

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Tissue response to space closure in monkeys: a comparison of orthodontic magnets and

superelastic coil springs
Authors: A Linder-Aronson, C M Forsberg, P Rygh, S Lindskog
European journal of orthodontics. 01/1997; 18(6):581-8.

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The effect of orthodontic magnets on the oral microbial flora

Authors: N Staffolani, M Cervini, C Giannoni, M Guerra, M Pugliese, F D'Alò, S
Farinelli
Minerva stomatologica. 40(7-8):483-6.

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Magnets and orthodontics. Biological-clinical study. 2

Authors: M Maestripieri, R Giorgetti, P Nannelli, L Nocchi
Dental Cadmos. 04/1989; 57(5):40-51.

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Clinical application of magnets in orthodontics and biological implications: a review
Authors: MA Darendeliler, A Darendeliler, M Mandurino

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A functional orthodontic magnetic appliance (FOMA) after Vardimon. 1. A three-

dimensional analysis of the force system of the attractive magnets
Authors: C Bourauel, A D Vardimon, D Drescher, G P Schmuth
Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie. 10/1995; 56(5):274-82.

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Long-term effects of orthodontic magnets on human buccal mucosa--a clinical,

histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: L Bondemark, J Kurol, A Larsson
European journal of orthodontics. 07/1998; 20(3):211-8.

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Magnets and magnetic fields in orthodontics

Authors: B Bonnet, J M Bonvarlet, J P Loreille, B Roux, G Thépaut
Revue d'orthopédie dento-faciale. 02/1988; 22(1):83-110.

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Proximal alveolar bone level after orthodontic treatment with magnets, superelastic
coils and straight-wire appliances
Authors: L Bondemark, J Kurol
The Angle orthodontist. 01/1997; 67(1):7-14.

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Biocompatibility of new, clinically used, and recycled orthodontic samarium-cobalt

magnets
Authors: L Bondemark, J Kurol, A Wennberg
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of
Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 06/1994; 105(6):568-74.

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Biological aspects of the use of permanent magnets and static magnetic fields in
Orthodontics
Authors: Papadopoulos M.A.
Hellenic Orthodontic Review. 01/1998;
I like this!

The use of magnets in orthodontics: gadget or revolution?

Authors: G Vielfaure
L' Information dentaire. 04/1988; 70(11):815-25.

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Evaluating the integrated force induced by high quality magnet and elastics in
orthodontic fixed appliance
Authors: Zhi-ming Hou, Xin Chang, Xin Dai, Hong-jun Ai, Ge Yao, Jing-long Wen
Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology. 09/2005; 14(4):387-91.

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Rare earth magnets in conjunction with fixed orthodontics. An "attractive" solution for
the positioning of impacted teeth
Authors: B Dereudre
Revue de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale. 12/2001; 102(6):334-41.

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Tissue response to space closure in monkeys: a comparison of orthodontic magnets and

superelastic coil springs
Authors: Agneta Linder-Aronson, Carl-Magnus Forsberg, Per Rygh, Sven Lindskog

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Historic publication on the first use of magnets in orthodontics

Authors: H S Duterloo
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of
Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 12/1995; 108(5):15A-16A.

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An analysis of force between attractive magnets used in orthodontics

Authors: Shazia Naser-ud-Din
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP. 10/2005; 15(10):634-7.

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The use of magnets in orthodontic therapy: panel discussion. 68th Congress of the
European Orthodontic Society
Authors: M A Darendeliler, B Ingervall, A Gianelly, J Kurol, P Rygh, G F Schmuth, A
D Vardimon, O Rönning
European journal of orthodontics. 11/1993; 15(5):421-4.
I like this!

Magnetic strength and corrosion of rare earth magnets

Authors: Khalid A Ahmad, James L Drummond, Thomas Graber, Ellen BeGole
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of
Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 10/2006; 130(3):275.e11-5.

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Advances in orthodontics
Authors: Susan J Cunningham, Steven P Jones, Samantha J Hodges, Elisabeth N
Horrocks, Nigel P Hunt, Howard C Moseley, Joseph H Noar
Primary dental care : journal of the Faculty of General Dental Practitioners (UK). 02/2002; 9(1):5-8.

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A new orthodontic force system of magnetic brackets

Authors: T Kawata, K Hirota, K Sumitani, K Umehara, K Yano, H J Tzeng, T Tabuchi
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of
Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 10/1987; 92(3):241-8.

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The effect of interocclusal repelling magnets in a bite opening splint on the growth of
the craniofacial complex in juvenile Macaca mulatta : a thesis submitted in partial
fulfillment ... orthodontics ... /
Authors: David C. Hoenie

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The effects of samarium-cobalt magnets and pulsed electromagnetic fields on tooth

movement
Authors: M A Darendeliler, P M Sinclair, R P Kusy
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of
Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 07/1995; 107(6):578-88.

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Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie. 03/1994; 55(1):21-7.

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Distalization of maxillary first and second molars simultaneously with repelling

magnets
Authors: L Bondemark, J Kurol
European journal of orthodontics. 09/1992; 14(4):264-72.

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The physical characteristics of neodymium iron boron magnets for tooth extrusion
Authors: G P Mancini, J H Noar, R D Evans
European journal of orthodontics. 11/1999; 21(5):541-50.

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Death by magnets: an unrecognized danger in dentistry

Authors: Ellis Neiburger
General dentistry. 56(4):346-7.

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Magnetic force systems in orthodontics. Clinical results of a pilot study

Authors: A M Blechman
American journal of orthodontics. 04/1985; 87(3):201-10.

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A new method for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of tooth displacement under
the application of orthodontic forces using magnetic sensors
Authors: N Yoshida, Y Koga, K Kobayashi, Y Yamada, T Yoneda
Medical engineering & physics. 06/2000; 22(4):293-300.

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A study of the biomechanical characteristics of magnetic force systems used in

orthodontics
Authors: Papadopoulos M.A.
Hellenic Orthodontic Review. 01/1999;

Can magnets or additional intermaxillary forces improve the mode of action of

jumping-the-bite plates?
Authors: F G Sander, A Wichelhaus
Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie. 01/1995; 55(6):279-89.

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Effect of a static magnetic field on orthodontic tooth movement in the rat

Authors: B S Tengku, B K Joseph, D Harbrow, A A Taverne, A L Symons
European journal of orthodontics. 11/2000; 22(5):475-87.

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The corrosion behavior of Nd2Fe14B and SmCo5 magnets
Authors: A Kitsugi, O Okuno, T Nakano, H Hamanaka, T Kuroda
Dental materials journal. 01/1993; 11(2):119-29.
 
 

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The use of magnets in orthodontics: an alternative means to produce tooth movement

Authors: M Muller
European journal of orthodontics. 12/1984; 6(4):247-53.

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A morphometric study of bone surfaces and skin reactions after stimulation with static
magnetic fields in rats
Authors: S Linder-Aronson, S Lindskog
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of
Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 02/1991; 99(1):44-8.

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Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children

Authors: D Lentini-Oliveira, F R Carvalho, Y Qingsong, L Junjie, H Saconato, M A C
Machado, L B F Prado, G F Prado

D Lentini-Oliveira, F R Carvalho, Y Qingsong, L Junjie,

H Saconato, M A C Machado, L B F Prado, G F Prado
Impact factor: 5.65, Cited half life: 4.1, Immediacy index: 1.31

Journal: Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)

BACKGROUND: Anterior open bite occurs when there is a lack of vertical overlap of
the upper and lower incisors. The aetiology is multifactorial including: oral habits,
unfavourable growth patterns, enlarged lymphatic tissue with mouth breathing. Several
treatments have been proposed to correct this malocclusion, but interventions are not
supported by strong scientific evidence. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this systematic
review was to evaluate orthodontic and orthopaedic treatments to correct anterior open
bite in children. SEARCH STRATEGY: Search strategies were developed for
MEDLINE and revised appropriately for the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health
Group Trials Register; CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2005, Issue 4); PubMed
(1966 to December 2005); EMBASE (1980 to February 2006); Lilacs (1982 to
December 2005); Brazilian Bibliography of Odontology (BBO) (1986 to December
2005); and SciELO (1997 to December 2005). Chinese journals were handsearched and
the bibliographies of papers were retrieved. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised
or quasi-randomised controlled trials of orthodontic or orthopaedic treatments or both to
correct anterior open bite in children. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two
review authors independently assessed the eligibility of all reports identified.Risk ratios
(RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for
dichotomous data. The continuous data were expressed as described by the author.
MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-eight trials were potentially eligible, but only three
randomised controlled trials were included comparing: effects of Frankel's function
regulator-4 (FR-4) with lip-seal training versus no treatment; repelling-magnet splints
versus bite-blocks; and palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup versus no
treatment.The study comparing repelling-magnet splints versus bite-blocks could not be
analysed because the authors interrupted the treatment earlier than planned due to side
effects in four of ten patients.FR-4 associated with lip-seal training (RR = 0.02 (95% CI
0.00 to 0.38)) and removable palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup (RR = 0.23
(95% CI 0.11 to 0.48)) were able to correct anterior open bite.No study described:
randomisation process, sample size calculation, there was not blinding in the
cephalometric analysis and the two studies evaluated two interventions at the same time.
These results should be therefore viewed with caution. AUTHORS'
CONCLUSIONS: :There is weak evidence that the interventions FR-4 with lip-seal
training and palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup are able to correct anterior
open bite. Given that the trials included have potential bias, these results must be
viewed with caution. Recommendations for clinical practice cannot be made based only
on the results of these trials. More randomised controlled trials are needed to elucidate
the interventions for treating anterior open bite.

Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 02/2007;

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Findings in the panoramic tomogram in orthodontic patients with functional disorders

Authors: W Bauer, M Augthun, H Wehrbein, C Müller-Leisse, P Diedrich
Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie. 12/1995; 56(6):318-26.

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Development of a magnetic sensing device for tooth displacement under orthodontic

forces
Authors: N. Yoshida, Y. Koga, A. Saimoto, T. Ishimatsu, Y. Yamada, K. Kobayashi
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on. 04/2001; 48(3):354-360.

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Magnetic materials in dentistry
Authors: A F Espías Gómez, S Alonso Pérez
Avances en odontoestomatologia. 12/1990; 6(9):533-4, 536-8,
540-2 passim. blication details

Magnetic materials in dentistry

Authors:
A F Espías Gómez, S Alonso Pérez
Journal: Avances en odontoestomatologia

In the last 40 years, magnets have been used in dentistry. Initially as anecdotic reports,
but recently, after the development of powerful rare earth magnets, new applications of
them have arised and offer a clinically proved alternative to mechanical systems. Many
experimental and clinical trials have demonstrated their adequate use in prosthetic
rehabilitations, partial removable or overdentures, tooth or implant beared, or in other
like orthodontics. The authors describe the historical evolution of magnetic systems
used in dentistry, their physical and mechanical principles, their attributes as
biomaterials and their designs and way of use.
Avances en odontoestomatologia. 01/12/1990; 6(9):533-4, 536-8, 540-2 passim.
ISSN: 0213-1285

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The physical characteristics of neodymium iron boron magnets for tooth extrusion
Authors: GP Mancini, JH Noar, RD Evans

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Human dental pulp and gingival tissue after static magnetic field exposure
Authors: L Bondemark, J Kurol, A Larsson
European journal of orthodontics. 05/1995; 17(2):85-91.

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In vitro cytotoxicity testing of neodymium-iron-boron magnets

Authors: V E Donohue, F McDonald, R Evans
Journal of applied biomaterials : an official journal of the Society for Biomaterials. 02/1995; 6(1):69-74.

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An application of magnet and magnetic sensor: measurement system for tooth
movement
Authors: Y. Yamada, N. Yoshida, K. Kobayashi, K. Yamauchi
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on. 11/1990; 37(10):919-924.

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Interdental bone changes after orthodontic treatment: a 5-year longitudinal study

Authors: L Bondemark
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of
Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 07/1998; 114(1):25-31.

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Effects of static magnetic fields on human periodontal fibroblasts in vitro

Authors: A Linder-Aronson, S Lindskog
Swedish dental journal. 02/1995; 19(4):131-7.

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Effect of a static magnetic field on orthodontic tooth movement in the rat

Authors: B. S. Tengku, B. K. Joseph, D. Harbrow, A. A. R. Taverne, A. L. Symons

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Integrated magnetic and elastic force systems

Authors: Christoph Bourauel, Saduman O Köklü, Alexander D Vardimon
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official
publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its
constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.
09/2002; 122(2):155-63. Integrated magnetic and elastic force systems
Authors:
Christoph Bourauel, Saduman O Köklü, Alexander D Vardimon

Impact factor: 1.33, Cited half life: >10.0, Immediacy index: 0.18

Journal: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

Magnetic force increases as the distance (d) of the force- generating elements (F
approximately 1/d(2)) decreases, whereas elastic force decreases as the distance
decreases (F approximately kd). These opposing characteristics suggest that combining
both force systems will establish an integrated system with a long-range working
ability. The objective of this study was to determine the vertical closure force (F(X))
and the transverse axis moment (M(Y)) of an integrated force system, ie, attracting
magnets with elastics (vertical or Classes II and III). F(X) and M(Y) were examined on
the orthodontic measurement and simulation system. It was found that the integrated
force system had a positive closure force (+F(X)) that never declined to 0 and a long
working range. Three regions characterized the force-deflection curve of F(X): the
magnetic region (0-3 mm, for magnets with 3/16-in medium elastics), in which the
decline in magnetic force was larger than the increase in elastic force (6.3-2.5 N); the
constant region (3-7 mm), in which the decline in magnetic force equaled the increase in
elastic force (2.5-2.9 N); and the elastic region (7-10 mm), in which there was only an
increase in elastic force (2.9-3.5 N). The transverse axis moment (+M(Y)), which tends
to close the bite, developed especially in magnets with a single vertical elastic.
Clinically, inactivation of vertical elastics by closing the mouth can be overruled by the
integrated force system because it exerts adequate force level at both short and long
distances.
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of
the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American
Board of Orthodontics. 01/09/2002; 122(2):155-63.
ISSN: 0889-5406

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Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field vibration on

tooth movement induced by magnetic and
mechanical forces: a preliminary study
Authors: M Ali Darendeliler, A Zea, G Shen, H
Zoellner
Australian dental journal. 12/2007; 52(4):282-7.
blication details

Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field vibration

on tooth movement induced by magnetic and
mechanical forces: a preliminary study
Authors:
M Ali Darendeliler, A Zea, G Shen, H Zoellner
Impact factor: 1.22, Cited half life: 9.8, Immediacy index: 0.22

Journal: Australian Dental Journal

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine whether or not high-frequency
and low-magnitude vibration affects orthodontic tooth movement caused by magnetic
or/and mechanical forces. METHODS: Forty-four 7-week-old Wistar rats were
randomly divided into four groups, with each group further divided into experimental
and control subgroups. Neodymium-Iron-Boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets and Sentalloy
closed coil springs were placed between maxillary or mandibular first molars and
incisors to activate tooth movement. The animals of experimental subgroups were
exposed to the vibration induced by pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) whilst the
control subgroups were under normal atmosphere. The experiment lasted for 14 days
and all of the animals were sacrificed for examination. The changes in the space
between the molar and incisor were measured to indicate the amount of tooth
movement. RESULTS: The coil springs, either with sham or active magnets, move
molar much more than magnets alone, regardless of absence or presence of PEMF (p <
0.001). Under PEMF, the coil spring moved significantly more amount of tooth
movement than that of coil-magnet combination (p < 0.01), as did the magnets
compared to sham magnets (p < 0.019). Under a non-PEMF scenario, there was no
significant difference in tooth movement between coil spring and coil-magnets
combination, nor was there difference between magnets and sham magnets.
CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the PEMF-induced vibration may enhance the
effect of mechanical and magnetic forces on tooth movement.
Australian dental journal. 01/12/2007; 52(4):282-7.
ISSN: 0045-0421

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3-D force and moment analysis of repulsive magnetic appliances to correct

dentofacial vertical excess
Authors: A D Vardimon, C Bourauel, D Drescher, G P Schmuth
Journal of dental research. 02/1994; 73(1):67-74. Publication details

D force and moment analysis of repulsive magnetic

3-

appliances to correct dentofacial vertical excess

Authors:
A D Vardimon, C Bourauel, D Drescher, G P Schmuth
Impact factor: 3.46, Cited half life: 9.9, Immediacy index: 0.3

Journal: Journal of Dental Research

Repulsive magnetic appliances can intrude posterior teeth, but create a lateral shift of
the mandible and also decrease in force as the mouth opens. To model their optimal use,
the 3-D spatial force/displacement (F/D) and moment/displacement (M/D) diagrams of
four magnetic repulsive appliances in diverse overlapping arrangements were
characterized and compared. In this orthodontic measurement and simulation system,
only the medial eccentric magnetic arrangement, of the four compared, partially met the
criteria of an optimal repulsive force system, i.e., keeping a constant intruding force and
excluding shearing force. The moment analysis found that eccentric arrangements,
however, developed high Z-moment. Thus, a perplexing point was reached where the
force analysis favored medial centric arrangement and the moment analysis favored
centric arrangement. When the gap between juxtaposed magnets increased over 2 mm,
the repulsive force declined and the attractive force was favorably eliminated. At gap
distances of 3 to 6 mm, the intrusive force was almost constant. These data suggest that
centric arrangement is indicated clinically when the gap is minute and Müller prongs are
used to prevent deleterious lateral shearing forces.
Journal of dental research. 01/02/1994; 73(1):67-74.
ISSN: 0022-0345

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Human dental pulp and gingival tissue after static magnetic field exposure
Authors: Lars Bondemark, Jüri Kurol, Åke Larsson Human dental pulp and gingival tissue
after static magnetic field exposure
Authors:
Lars Bondemark, Jüri Kurol, Åke Larsson

The aim of this intra-individual study was to examine human dental pulp and gingival
tissue after exposure to static magnetic fields generated by orthodontic samariumcobalt
magnets. In seven individuals, aged between 11.5 and 17.5 years, the maxillary first
premolars and immediately adjacent gingival tissues were exposed to a static magnetic
field from a bonded magnet on one side (test) and a demagnetized magnet was used as a
control on the contralateral side. After a period of 8 weeks the test and control teeth
were clinically examined regarding gingival conditions, then biopsies of the buccal
gingival tissues were taken and the maxillary first premolars were extracted. The teeth
and the tissue biopsies were examined histologically. The static magnetic field exposure
(flux density) of the coronal pulp sections on the test sides ranged between 100 and 150
Gauss, and the exposure of the buccal gingival tissues ranged between 200 and 900
Gauss. The contralateral control tissues were exposed to flux density values at the level
of the natural magnetic field on earth (0.3–0.6 Gauss). Static magnetic fields produced
by orally placed orthodontic rare earth magnets did not result in any change in human
dental pulp or gingival tissue adjacent to the magnets. There was no difference in
clinical gingival conditions between test and control sites.

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Wireless control of powered wheelchairs with tongue motion using tongue drive
assistive technology
Authors: Xueliang Huo, Jia Wang, Maysam Ghovanloo
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference. 02/2008; 1:4199-4202.
I like this!

A Magnetic Wireless Tongue-Computer Interface

Authors: Xueliang Huo, Jia Wang, M. Ghovanloo
Neural Engineering, 2007. CNE '07. 3rd International IEEE/EMBS Conference on. 06/2007;

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Occlusal splint therapy in reciprocal TMJ clicking. A critical observation within a

follow-up study
Authors: W Bauer, M Augthun, H Wehrbein, C Müller-Leisse, P Diedrich
Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie. 07/1993; 54(3):108-18.

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Introduction and preliminary evaluation of the Tongue Drive System: wireless tongue-
operated assistive technology for people with little or no upper-limb function
Authors: Xueliang Huo, Jia Wang, Maysam Ghovanloo
Journal of rehabilitation research and development. 02/2008; 45(6):921-30.

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Static magnetic field combined with functional appliances: A new approach to enhance
mandibular growth in Class II malocclusion
Authors: Yu Li, Pu Yang, Xiaofeng Fan, Jun Wang, Jun Liu, Zhihe Zhao, Meiying Zhao
Medical hypotheses. 01/2009;
Publication details

Static magnetic field combined with functional appliances: A new approach to enhance mandibular growth in
Class II malocclusion
Authors:
Yu Li, Pu Yang, Xiaofeng Fan, Jun Wang, Jun Liu, Zhihe
Zhao, Meiying Zhao
Impact factor: 1.39, Cited half life: 4.8, Immediacy index: 0.36

Journal: Medical Hypotheses

Class II malocclusion is one of the most common orthodontic problems. The main
aetiology of Class II malocclusion is mandibular retrognathia. A variety of functional
appliances have been used to stimulate mandibular growth in adolescence, however, the
effects remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, new approaches are in need to strengthen the
effects of functional appliances. Static magnetic field (SMF), created by permanent
magnets, has long been proven to be clinically safe and is well accepted as a practical
and non-invasive therapy. Numerous experimental and clinical data suggest that
exogenous SMF can make profound effects on a large variety of biological systems.
There has been increasing interest in curing bone injuries with SMF. More recently,
literatures shed light on the chondrogenic and osteogenic effects of SMF. SMF and
functional appliances may well have a synergistic effect in mandibular growth
promotion. Based on experimental results and theoretical analysis, it is hypothesized
that SMF combined with functional appliances can enhance mandibular growth in Class
II malocclusion. A practical clinical design is also put forward.
Medical hypotheses. 01/01/2009;
ISSN: 0306-9877
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.08.029

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Prevalence of atypical swallowing: a kinesiographic study

Authors: A Monaco, R Cattaneo, A Spadaro, E Marchetti, A Barone
European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 01/2007; 7(4):187-
91.

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Effects of static magnetic fields on bone formation in rat osteoblast cultures

Authors: Y Yamamoto, Y Ohsaki, T Goto, A Nakasima, T Iijima
Journal of dental research. 01/2004; 82(12):962-6.

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Treating anterior open bite

Authors: Yijin Ren
Evidence-based dentistry. 01/2007; 8(3):83.

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荷重時の歯の回転中心に関する研究 : 磁気センサを応用した 3 次元変位測定シ

ステムの生体への応用
Authors: 教明 吉田, 義之 古賀, Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann, 里砂子 阿部, 和英 小
林, 好秋 山田, Noriaki Yoshida, Yoshiyuki Koga, Risako Abe, Kazuhide Kobayashi,
Yoshiaki Yamada

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荷重時の歯の回転中心に関する研究 : 磁気センサを応用した 3 次元変位測定シ

ステムの生体への応用
Authors: 教明 吉田, 義之 古賀, Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann, 理砂子 阿部, 和英 小
林, 好秋 山田, Noriaki Yoshida, Yoshiyuki Koga, Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann, Risako
Abe, Kazuhide Kobayashi, Yamada,

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Do magnetic forces potentiate the histophysiology of orthodontic movement?
Authors: P Cannoni, A Salvadori, D Deroze
L' Orthodontie française. 02/1991; 62 Pt 3:863-73.

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A possible mechanism of action of repelling, molar distalizing magnets. Part I

Authors: A M Blechman, E R Steger
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of
Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 11/1995; 108(4):428-31.

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Histological evaluation of the effects of initially light and gradually increasing force on
orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Ryo Tomizuka, Yoshinaka Shimizu, Hiroyasu Kanetaka, Akihiro Suzuki,
Sachiko Urayama, Masayoshi Kikuchi, Hideo Mitani, Kaoru Igarashi
The Angle orthodontist. 05/2007; 77(3):410-6. Publication details

Histological evaluation of the effects of initially light and gradually increasing force on orthodontic tooth
movement
Authors:
Ryo Tomizuka, Yoshinaka Shimizu, Hiroyasu Kanetaka,
Akihiro Suzuki, Sachiko Urayama, Masayoshi Kikuchi,
Hideo Mitani, Kaoru Igarashi

OBJECTIVE: To investigate histologically the effect of initially light and gradually

increasing force on tooth movement in the rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Cuboids made of neodymium-iron-boron magnets (experimental groups) or titanium
(control group) were bonded to the lingual surface of the right and left maxillary first
molars of 18-week-old male Wistar rats. The initial distances between materials were
1.0 mm generating 4.96 gf (experimental group 1) and 1.5 mm generating 2.26 gf
(experimental group 2). In three groups, rats were killed 1, 3, 7, 10, or 14 days after
treatment. Histological sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin
or for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. The number of TRAP-
positive osteoclasts was counted, and the relative hyalinized area was measured on the
pressure side of periodontal ligament. RESULTS: There were significant differences in
the number of osteoclasts among the three groups (P < .05). On days 1 and 3, the
numbers of osteoclasts in experimental group 2 were greater than in experimental group
1. There were significant differences in the relative hyalinized area between the control
group and experimental group 1 (P < .01) and between experimental groups 1 and 2 (P
< .01). On days 1 and 3, the hyalinized area in experimental group 1 was larger than in
experimental group 2. CONCLUSION: Initially light and gradually increasing force
induced tooth movement without the lag phase and showed smooth recruitment of
osteoclasts and inhibition of hyalinization.