- f

1.2 1.3
Principle Of Management 1Il.1'/oricaldevelopment
against plans. This Breech concerns administration as part oft The development of theory of management has come only in the past
management. hidl' ccntury because it was felt that for attainment of an effective

3. Administration and management are the same 'ilierprise systems, proper handling of human factors was necessary.

The third view is a more practical one, where there is no distinction The Second World War and the subsequent defence and space
between the two terms 'management' and 'administration'. Management IHugrams also contributed to the development of a theory of management.
is used for higher level functions like plans, organising~ directions and rile increasing complexities of business activities and the growing
controlling in a business organization where as administration is used for NvslcllIatic management concepts and principles. Early contributions to
the same set of functions in government organizations. Many experts is IIlanagcment thought have come from Egyptians, the early Greeks and the
like Henry Fayol, William Newman, George. R. Terry favoured this view. IIlIciclIl Romans. The real development of management thought began
",ith Frederick Winslow Taylor's scientific approach of management.
Table 1.1: Difference between administration and management
It acts through the
Sl broad
It is higher
policieslevel with
and functions
Administration principles
It execution
ItManagement
is lower
organisation
Management
acts ofis
level
It refers
through decision
functions
concerned
to
the the employees. 1.1.1. Introduction
eon 2. with decision making Management
policies inexecutes these
to practice.
1.
wn Administration
ners of the is concerned Management is as an art and science of getting work done through
people. It is the process of giving direction and controlling the various
activities of the people to achieve the objectives of an organisation.

1.1.2. Definitions of Management

"Management is the process of designing and maintaining of an
"l1viJ'lIf1Inentin which individuals working together in groups, efficiently
C/c;colil/,lishselected aims". - Koontz and weihrich

"Management is the art of knowing what do you want to do and then

steil/,I: that it is done in the best and cheapest way". - F. W. Taylor

1.1.3. Nature Of Management

Management is continuous process.
Evolution o/management thought
The practice of management is as old as human civilization. The Management aims at achieving the organisations goals by ensuring
ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome and Indus vpIley clTcdlvc use of resources.
displayed the marvelous results of good management practices.
Managers use the resources of the organisation, both physical as well
The origin of management as a discipline was the work of Fredrick as hUlllan to achieve the goals.
Winsolw Taylor and his associates during the scientific management
movement that developed around 1900.