DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL OF
3.0M HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND LEVEL
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE RETAINING WALL
* INPUT DATA

DIMENSIONS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL: SOIL PARAMETER:

DEGREE
TOP WIDTH OF STEM X1 = 0.30 m ANGLE OF FRICTION j = 30
2
BOTTOM WIDTH OF STEM X2 = 0.80 m COHESION C = 0.00 Kg/CM
TOE PROJECTION X3 = 1.30 m DENSITY OF BACKFILL tb = 2.00 T/M3
HEEL PROJECTION 4X = 2.60 m DENSITY OF CONCRETE tc = 2.50 T/M3
BOTTOM WIDTH X5 = 4.70 m S.B.C. OF SOIL = 15.00 T/M2
TOP R.L. A = 5.000 m
BOTTOM STEM R.L. B = 0.900 m
MID. LEVEL ABOVE FRL C = 0.450 m
F.R.L. D = 0.000 m
GROUND LEVEL E = 2.000 m
LENGTH OF RETURN WALL L = 100.00 m
COVER OF REINF. AT FOOTING = 75 mm
COVER OF REINF. AT STEM = 40 mm
P.C.C. OFFSET = 0.15 m
THICKNESS OF P.C.C. = 0.15 m
GRADE OF CONCRETE = M 30
GRADE OF STEEL = FE 500
Q = 40.08 kg/cm2
DESIGN:
STEM HEIGHT H1 = ( 5.000 - 0.900 ) = 4.100 m
TOTAL HEIGHT H2 = ( 5.000 - 0.000 ) = 5.000 m
HEIGHT H3 = ( 0.900 - 0.450 ) = 0.450 m
HEIGHT H4 = ( 0.450 - 0.000 ) = 0.450 m
HEIGHT H5 = ( 2.000 - 0.000 ) = 2.000 m
HEIGHT H6 = ( 0.900 - 0.000 ) = 0.900 m
WIDTH X = ( 0.800 - 0.300 ) = 0.500 m

CALCULATION OF EARTH PRESSURE CO-EFF:

2
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE COEFF. Ka = COSj ---(1)
1 + n

2
COSj ---(2)
PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE COEFF. Kp = 1 - n

WHERE, n = SIN ( j + d ) SIN j AND d = 2/3 xj = 20

COSd

n = SIN( 30 + 20 ) x SIN 30 .
COS 20

= 0.407604 = 0.638
This value put in Eq (1) & (2), So That
Ka = 0.279 , FOR j = 30
Kp = 5.737 , FOR j = 30

Earth pressure at R.L. 0.90 m

= 0.279 x 2x 4.100 + 0.279 x 2x 1.20
= 2.29 + 0.670
= 2.96 T/M2 Working Stress

Earth pressure at R.L. 0.00 m (HEEL SIDE)

= 0.279 x 2x 5.000 + 0.279 x 2x 1.20
= 2.790 + 0.67
= 3.460 T/M2 Working Stress

* PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION:
5.000 m

0.900 m
2.29 T/M2
0.000 m
0.67 T/M2 2.790 T/M2
Max B.M. in vertical slab at R.L. 0.90 m
(Neglect earth pressure effect of soil located at toe side)

B.M. = 0.67 x 4.1 x 4.1 x /2 + 0.5 x 2.2878 x 4.1 x 4.1 x /3

= 5.63 + 6.41
= 12.04 tm Working Stress
= 12.04 x 1.5 = 18.06 Tm Limit state

Shear at distance 'd' from face of slab

= 0.5 x 3.348 x 1.868 + 3.348 x 0.67

= 5.37 t Working Stress
= 5.37 x 1.5 = 8.06 T Limit state

18.0615 x 100000 = 21.23 cm

Eff depth reqd = 40.08 x 100

Eff depth prov. = 80 - 4- 0.8 = 75.20 cm > 21.23 cm OK

Ast req = 0.5 Fck 1 - 1 - 4.6 Mu bd

2
Fy Fckbd

= 15 x 1.00 - 1.00 - 4.6 x 18.062 x 10000000.0 x 752.0 x 1000.0

500 30 x x 1000 x 565504.0

= 5.59 Sq.cm for 1.0 m width

Min steel = 0.12 x 100 x 80 = 9.60 cm2

100

Provide 20 j @ 225 c/c (Ast prov = 27.93 cm2 )

20 j @ 225
On earth face side > 9.60 cm2 OK

Provide 12 j @ 150 c/c (Ast prov = 7.54 cm2 )

on vertical face > 4.80 cm2 OK

0.12 x 100 x 55 = 6.60 cm2

Dist. steel = 100

Provide 12 j @ 150 c/c (Ast prov = 7.54 cm2 ) on both faces

> 4.80 cm2 OK

100*Ast/bd= 0.371 Tc permissible = 0.54 Mpa

Shear stress= 8055.75 = 1.1 Kg/cm2

100 x 75.20 = 0.11 Mpa < 0.54 Mpa OK
* SBC CHECK: @ Toe
Point
Mk COMPONENTS VERT. HORI L.ARM MOM.
No LOAD T T M T-M

W1 4.10 x 0.30 x 2.50 3.08 - 1.450 4.46

W2 0.50 x 4.10 x 0.50 x 2.50 2.56 - 1.767 4.53

W3 0.80 x 0.90 x 2.50 1.80 - 1.700 3.06

W4 1.30 x 0.45 x 2.50 1.46 - 0.65 0.95

W5 2.60 x 0.45 x 2.50 2.93 - 3.40 9.95

W6 0.50 x 0.45 x 1.30 x 2.50 0.73 - 0.87 0.63

W7 0.50 x 0.45 x 2.60 x 2.50 1.46 - 2.97 4.34

W8 4.10 x 2.60 x 2.00 21.32 - 3.40 72.49

W9 0.50 x 0.45 x 2.60 x 2.00 1.17 - 3.83 4.49

W10 0.50 x 4.10 x 0.50 x 2.00 2.05 - 1.93 3.96

 Wp Extra load at top of stem 0.00 - 1.45 0.00

W11 1.10 x 1.30 x 2.00 2.86 - 0.65 1.86

W12 0.50 x 0.45 x 1.30 x 2.00 0.59 - 0.87 0.51

DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE

EP 0.279 x 12.50 x 2.00 - 6.98 2.10 -14.65
DUE TO L.L. SURCHARGE
LL 0.279 x 5.00 x 1.20 x 2.00 - 3.35 2.50 -8.37

SV = 42.00 T Sm = 88.20
Sh = 10.32 T Tm
Sm = 88.20 = 2.100 m
Z = Sv 42.00
e = B --Z = 4.70 - 2.100 = 0.250 m
2 2
B/6 > e 0.783 m > 0.250 m STABILITY IS O.K......

Pmax = SV ( 1 + 6e/B )
B
= 42.00 ( 1 + 6 x 0.250 )
4.70 4.70
= 11.79 T/M2 < 15.00 T/M2 (S.B.C. OF SOIL) OK

Pmin = SV ( 1 - 6e/B )
B
= 42.00 ( 1 - 6 x 0.250 )
4.70 4.70
= 6.08 T/M2 (COMPRESSION).......O.K.
STABILITY CHECK
LOAD
Mk VERT. HORI L.ARM MOM. FACTOR
No LOAD T T M T-M

W1 4.15 - 1.45 6.02 1.35

W2 3.46 - 1.77 6.11 1.35

W3 2.43 - 1.70 4.13 1.35

W4 1.97 - 0.65 1.28 1.35

W5 3.95 - 3.40 13.43 1.35

W6 0.99 - 0.87 0.86 1.35

W7 1.97 - 2.97 5.86 1.35

W8 28.78 - 3.40 97.86 1.35

W9 1.58 - 3.83 6.05 1.35

W10 2.77 - 1.93 5.35 1.35

Wp 0.00 - 1.45 0.00 1.35

W11 3.86 - 0.65 2.51 1.35

W12 0.79 - 0.87 0.68 1.35

EP - 10.46 2.10 -21.97 1.50

LL - 5.02 2.50 -12.56 1.50

SV = 56.71 T
Sm = 115.62 Tm
Sh = 15.48 T
* CHECK FOR F.O.S. AGANIST OVERTURNING:

Restoring Moment = 6.019313 + 6.11156 + 4.131 + 1.28334 + 13.426 + 0.8555625 + 5.857313 + 97.8588 +
6.05475 + 5.3505 + 0.00
= 146.95 tm
 Overturning Moment = 21.97 + 12.555 = 34.526

F.O.S. Aganist Overturning = 146.95 = 4.26 > 2.00 O.K.

34.53

* CHECK FOR F.O.S. AGANIST SLIDING:

External Hori. force /m = SH = 15.48 T

Resisting force = SV x Tan 30
= 56.71 x 0.57735
= 32.74 T
F.O.S. Aganist Sliding = 32.74 = 2.11 > 1.50 Min Reqd.
15.48

* CALCULATION OF B.M. FOR TOE SLAB :

Sm = 115.62 = 2.039 m
Z = Sv 56.71
e = B --Z = 4.7 - 2.039 = 0.311 m
2 2
B/6 > e 0.783 m > 0.311 m

Now, Pmax = 16.86 T/M2 Pmin = 7.27 T/M2

Ptoe = = 14.21 T/M2 Pheel = 12.57 T/M2

1.30 m 0.80 m 2.60 m

7.27 T/M2

12.57
14.21 T/M2
16.86 T/M2 T/M2

B.M. due to upward pressure,

= 14.21 x 1.30 x 1.30 + 0.50 x 2.65 x 1.30 x 1.30 X2/3 -1.28 -0.43
2
= 12.00 + 1.5 -1.28 -0.43
= 11.79 TM/M

Shear at distance d from face of slab

= 15.87 x 0.48 + 0.50 x 0.98 x 0.48
= 7.67 + 0.2
= 7.90 T
11.786 x 100000 = 17.15 cm
Eff. depth reqd. = 40.08 x 100

Eff depth prov. = 90 - 7.5 - 0.8 = 81.70 cm > 17.15 cm OK....

Ast req = 0.5 Fck 1 - 1 - 4.6 Mu bd

2
Fy Fckbd

= 15 x 1.00 - 1.00 - 4.6 x 11.786 x 10000000.0 x 817.0 x 1000.0

500 30 x x 1000 x 667489.0

= 3.34 Sq.cm for 1.0 m width

0.12 x 100 x 90 - = 10.80 cm2

Min steel = 100

Provide 20 j @ 225 c/c (Ast prov = 22.90 cm2 )

16 j @ 225 c/c
at bottom of toe slab > 10.80 cm2 OK
Provide 12 j @ 150 c/c (Ast prov = 7.54 cm2 )
at top of toe slab. > 5.40 cm2 OK

0.12 x 100 x 90 = 10.80 cm2

Dist. steel = 100

Provide 12 j @ 150 c/c (Ast prov = 7.54 cm2 )

on both faces > 5.40 cm2 OK

100*Ast/bd= 0.28 Tc permissible = 0.35 Mpa

 Shear stress= 7.903866 x 1000 = 1.0 Kg/cm2
100 x 81.70 = 0.10 Mpa < 0.350 Mpa OK

Hence no shear reinforcement required

* CALCULATION OF B.M. FOR HEEL SLAB :

Net B.M. at face of heel slab = Moment due to (soil + self wt.) - Moment due to upward pressure

=( 28.782 x 2.60 + 3.94875 x 2.60 + 1.974375 x 2.60 + 1.5795 x 2.60

2 2 3 1.5
- ( 7.27 x 2.600 x 2.600 + 0.5 x 5.30 x 2.600 x 2.600 /3)
2
= 37.42 +5.13 +1.71 +2.74 - 30.56
= 47.00 - 30.56 = 16.44 tm

Net Shear =( 28.78 +3.95 +1.97 +1.58 ) - ( 12.57 +7.27 )/2 x 2.600

= 36.3 - 25.80 = 10.48 t

Eff. depth reqd.= 16.4423 x 100000 = 20.25 cm

40.08 x 100

Eff depth prov. = 90 - 7.5 - 0.8 = 81.70 cm

Ast req = 0.5 Fck 1 - 1 - 4.6 Mu bd

2
Fy Fckbd

= 15 x 1.00 - 1.00 - 4.6 x 16.442 x 10000000.0 x 817.0 x 1000.0

500 30 x x 1000 x 667489.0

= 4.67 Sq.cm for 1.0 m width

0.12 x 100 x 90 = 10.80 cm2

Min steel = 100

Provide 20 j @ 225 c/c (Ast prov = 22.90 cm2 )

16 j @ 225 c/c
@ Top of Heel slab > 10.80 cm2 OK

Provide 12 j @ 150 c/c (Ast prov = 7.54 cm2 )

@ Bottom of Heel slab

0.12 x 100 x 90 = 10.80 cm2

Dist. steel = 100

Provide 12 j @ 150 c/c (Ast prov = 7.54 cm2 )

both faces > 5.40 cm2 OK

100*Ast/bd= 0.280 Tc permissible = 0.435

Shear stress= 10.4823 x 1000 = 1.3 Kg/cm2

100 x 81.70 = 0.13 Mpa < 0.435 Mpa OK

Hence no shear reinforcement required

DESIGN OF STEM AT VARIOUS HEIGHTS

LEVEL HT OF HT INCL EP COEF EP BM d Reqd D Prov Ast Reqd Ast Provided Ast
STEM SURCHA Mini.
1.51
5.000 0.000 1.200 1.004 0.00 0.00 0.252
10 T @ 225 c/c 3.49 2.98
3.000 2.000 3.200 2.678 3.12 0.09 0.496 1.46
12 T @ 225 c/c 5.03
12 T @ 225 c/c 5.03 4.44
1.000 4.000 5.200 4.352 16.96 0.21 0.740 5.34
12 T @ 225 c/c 5.03
25 T @ 225 c/c 21.82 5.90
-1.000 6.000 7.200 6.026 48.21 0.35 0.984 11.49
12 T @ 225 c/c 5.03
25 T @ 225 c/c 21.82 4.51
0.900 4.100 5.300 4.436 18.06 0.21 0.752 5.59
12 T @ 225 c/c 5.03
 5.00 Wp

W10

AVG GL 2.00
4.10
W8
1.10 W1 EP
W12 W2

0.9
W11 W6 W3 W7 W9 0.45
0.90
TOE 0 W4 W5 0.45 HEEL

1.30 0.80 2.60

4.70