Să se armeze grinda din figură la moment încovoietor, forță tăietoare și forță de torsiune, având

următoarele date:
- lumina dintre reazeme: 14.5 m
- încărcarea utilă: 40kN/m
- schema statică: simplă rezemare
- forța de torsiune T=75 kNm, constantă pe toată lungimea grinzii
- lungimea de rezemare = minim 15 cm
- clasa de expunere XC0
- clasa structurală S4
Se va utiliza beton de înaltă rezistență și oțelul este ales de proiectant.
Se va optimiza secțiunea grinzii, clasa de beton și diametrul armăturii astfel încât sa rezulte o
grindă cat mai economică.

Prețuri:
C55 - 500 RON/m^3
C70 - 600 RON/m^3
C90 - 650 RON/m^3
C100 - 680 RON/m^3

S400 - 3,9 RON/kg

S500 - 4,4 RON/kg
S600 - 4,9 RON/kg

până la 7 mărci de armătură, pretul se înmulțește cu coeficientul 1

la 8 mărci -> 1.05
la 9 mărci -> 1.15
la 10 mărci -> 1.20
la 11 mărci -> 1.25
la 12 mărci -> 1.30

cofraj - 100 RON/m^2

Predimensionarea grinzii
L ≔ 14.5 q ≔ 40 ―― TEd ≔ 75 ⋅
L
h ≔ ― = 0.725 h ≔ 80
20
h
b ≔ ―= 0.4 b ≔ 30
2
Aleg beton C55/67 fck ≔ 55 γc ≔ 1.5 γs ≔ 1.15 η1 ≔ 1
Aleg otel S600 fyk ≔ 600 αcc ≔ 1
cnom ≔ 2.8 ϕ ≔ 28
ϕ
Verificare la SLU d ≔ h − cnom − ―= 75.8
2
⎛ 2 ⎞ 2
⎜ 1.5 q + 2588.3 ⋅ 25 ―― ⋅ 1.35 ⎟⋅L
3
⎝ ⎠
MEd ≔ ――――――――――――― = 1806.455 ⋅
8
⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜1.5 ⋅ q + 1.35 ⋅ 2588.3 ⋅ 25 ――
3 ⎟
⋅L
⎝ ⎠
VEd ≔ ――――――――――――= 498.332
2
-1-
 fck − 50 fck − 50
λ ≔ 0.8 − ――――― = 0.788 η ≔ 1 − ――――― = 0.975
400 200

MEd ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2⋅μ
μ ≔ ―――― = 0.286 y1 ≔ 1 − 1 − ―― = 0.357
2 fck αcc ⋅ η
b ⋅ d ⋅ ――
γc
⎛ 2⋅μ ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ λ ⎛ 2⋅μ ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
x' ≔ d ⋅ ⎜1 − 1 − ――⎟ = 0.27 z ≔ d − ―⋅ d ⋅ ⎜1 − 1 − ――⎟ = 0.652
⎝ αcc ⋅ η ⎠ 2 ⎝ αcc ⋅ η ⎠
fck ⎛ 2⋅μ ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
αcc ⋅ ―― ⋅ η ⋅ λ ⋅ d ⋅ ⎜1 − 1 − ――⎟ ⋅ b
γc ⎝ αcc ⋅ η ⎠ 2
Asl ≔ ―――――――――――― = 43.782
fyk
――
γs

0.18 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
200 Asl
CRd.c ≔ ―― = 0.12 k' ≔ 1 + ―――= 1.514 ρl' ≔ ―― = 0.019
γc d b⋅d
⎛ 1
―⎞
2
ρl ≔ if ρl' ≤ 0.02| = 0.019 k ≔ if k' ≤ 2| = 1.514 ⎜ 3
― ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎟
2
‖ρ | ‖ k' |
‖ νmin ≔ ⎜0.035 ⋅ k ⋅ ⎜fck ⋅ ――⎟ ⎟ ――
‖ l' | | ⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠ 2

else | else |
‖ 0.02 ‖2
‖ | ‖ |
⎛ 1
―⎞
3
⎜ 2 ⎞ ⎟
⎛ ⎛ 75 ⎞
VRd.c' ≔ ⎜CRd.c ⋅ η1 ⋅ k ⋅ ⎜100 ⋅ ρl ⋅ fck ⋅ ――⎟ ⎟ ⋅ ――⋅ b ⋅ d α ≔ atan ⎜――― ⎟⎠ = 27.031
2
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ 147

VRd.c ≔ if VRd.c' ≤ νmin ⋅ b ⋅ d| = 195.415 verificare ≔ if VRd.c ≥ VEd | = “cu etrieri”

‖ν ⋅b⋅d | ‖ “fara etrieri” |
‖ min | ‖ |
else | else |
‖V ‖ “cu etrieri”
‖ Rd.c' | ‖ |

⎛ 1 ⎞
ctgθ ≔ 1.55 θ ≔ atan ⎜―― = 32.829
⎝ ctgθ ⎟⎠

ν1 ≔ if fck ≤ 60 | = 0.6
‖ 0.6 |
‖ |
else |
‖ 2
fck | 6.16 fyk ⎛ 1 ⎞
‖ ―― | VRd.s ≔ ―――― ⋅ z ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⎜ctgθ + ―――⎟ ⋅ sin (α) = 247.193
‖ 0.9 − ―― > 0.5 | 147 γs ⎝ atan (α) ⎠
‖‖ 200 |
1
ctgθ + ―――
fck atan (α)
VRd.max ≔ b ⋅ z ⋅ ν1 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ―――――= 4825.695
2
γc 1 + ctgθ

⎛ 1 ⎞
sbmax ≔ 0.6 ⋅ d ⋅ ⎜1 + ―――⎟ = 148.652
⎝ atan (α) ⎠

-2-
 2
b ⋅ 55 948.7
tef1 ≔ ――――― = 9.706 tef2 ≔ ―――― = 7.435
2 ⋅ (b + 55 ) 127.6

2
Ak1 ≔ ⎛⎝55 − tef1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝b − tef1⎞⎠ = 0.092 uk1 ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝⎛⎝55 − tef1⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝b − tef1⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 1.312
1 2
Ak2 ≔ ⎛⎝25 − tef2⎞⎠ ⋅ ―⋅ ⎛⎝⎛⎝45 − tef2⎞⎠ + 22.5 ⎞⎠ = 0.053
2
uk2 ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝25 − tef2⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝⎛⎝45 − tef2⎞⎠ + 22.5 ⎞⎠ = 0.952 Ak ≔ Ak1 + Ak2 uk ≔ uk1 + uk2

TEd ⋅ uk 1 2 ΣAsl 2
ΣAsl ≔ ―――― ⋅ ――― = 17.432 ―― = 1.937
fyk tan (θ) 9
2 ⋅ Ak ⋅ ――
γs

Armare longirudinala
2
ΣAsl 2 ϕ 2
Asl.eff ≔ Asl + ―― ⋅ 3 = 49.593 Arie.jos ≔ 7 ⋅ ⋅ ―― = 43.103
9 4
fyk
Mcap ≔ Arie.jos ⋅ z ⋅ ―― = 1465.13 ⋅ Med ≔ MEd − Mcap = 341.325 ⋅
γs
25
d1 ≔ cnom + 2 ⋅ ϕ + ――― = 9.65 d ≔ h − d1
2
Med
μ ≔ ―――― = 0.063 ω ≔ 0.066 ϕ ≔ 25
2 fck
b ⋅ d ⋅ ――
γc f
ck
―― 2
γc 2 ϕ 2
Asl ≔ ω ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ ―― = 9.789 Arie.sus ≔ 2 ⋅ ⋅ ―― = 9.817
fyk 4
――
γs

Armare transversala Ved ≔ VEd − VRd.s

⎛ TEd ⎞
x2 ≔ ⎜―――― ⋅ tan (θ)⎟ = 0.321
Ved fyk
x1 ≔ ―――― = 0.477 ⎜ 2 ⋅ Ak ⋅ ―― ⎟
fyk γs
z ⋅ ―― ⋅ ctgθ ⎝ ⎠
γs

2
Asw.nec ≔ ⎛⎝x1 + x2⎞⎠ ⋅ 12.5 = 0.996 de la 0 la 1.5 etr. θ 8/12.5

⎛ 2 ⎞
Ved − ⎜1.5 ⋅ q + 1.35 ⋅ 2588.3 ⋅ 25 ―― ⋅ 1.5
3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
x1 ≔ ――――――――――――――― = 0.281
fyk
z ⋅ ―― ⋅ ctgθ
γs

2
Asw.nec ≔ ⎛⎝x1 + x2⎞⎠ ⋅ 15 = 0.902 de la 1.5 la 2.25 etr. θ 8/15

-3-
 ⎛ 2 ⎞
Ved − ⎜1.5 ⋅ q + 1.35 ⋅ 2588.3 ⋅ 25 ―― ⋅ 2.25
3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
x1 ≔ ―――――――――――――――― = 0.183
fyk
z ⋅ ―― ⋅ ctgθ
γs

2
Asw.nec ≔ ⎛⎝x1 + x2⎞⎠ ⋅ 20 = 1.007 de la 2.25 la 3.55 etr. θ 8/20

⎛ 2 ⎞
Ved − ⎜1.5 ⋅ q + 1.35 ⋅ 2588.3 ⋅ 25 ―― ⋅ 3.55
3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
x1 ≔ ―――――――――――――――― = 0.014
fyk
z ⋅ ―― ⋅ ctgθ
γs

2
Asw.nec ≔ ⎛⎝x1 + x2⎞⎠ ⋅ 30 = 1.002
⎛ TEd ⎞ 2
x2 ≔ ⎜―――― ⋅ tan (θ)⎟ ⋅ 30 = 0.962
VRd.c = 195.415 fyk
⎜ 2 ⋅ Ak ⋅ ―― ⎟
⎝ γs ⎠
⎛ ⎞
a ≔ VEd − ⎜1.5 ⋅ q + 1.35 ⋅ b ⋅ h ⋅ 25 ―― ⋅ 4.45 = 195.287
3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
de la 2.25 etr. θ 8/30

Ancoraje ϕ ≔ 28

2
⎛ ⎞ (2.5 )
MEd ≔ VEd ⋅ 2.5 − ⎜1.5 q + b ⋅ h ⋅ 25 ―― ⋅ 1.35⎟ ⋅ ――― = 1033.019 ⋅
3
⎝ ⎠ 2
2
ϕ 2 fyk
Arie.jos ≔ 5 ⋅ ⋅ ―― = 30.788 Mcap ≔ Arie.jos ⋅ z ⋅ ―― = 1046.522 ⋅
4 γs

fctm
fctm ≔ 3 fbd ≔ 2.25 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ―― = 4.5 α4 ≔ 0.7 α5 ≔ 1 α3 ≔ 1
γc
fyk
――
γs (28 − 3 ⋅ ϕ) |
lb.rqd ≔ 0.25 ⋅ ϕ ⋅ ―― = 81.159 α1 ≔ 1 α2 ≔ if 1 − 0.15 ⋅ ―――――≤ 1| = 1
fbd ϕ
‖ |
(28 − 3 ⋅ ϕ)
‖ 1 − 0.15 ⋅ ――――― |
lbd ≔ lb.rqd ⋅ α1 ⋅ α2 ⋅ α3 ⋅ α4 ⋅ α5 = 56.812 ‖ ϕ |
else |
lbd ≔ 57 ‖1
‖ |

ϕ ≔ 28 bara forta taietoare cele mai apropiate de camp

fctm
fctm ≔ 3 fbd ≔ 2.25 ⋅ 0.7 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ―― = 3.15 α4 ≔ 0.7 α5 ≔ 1 α3 ≔ 1
γc

-4-
 fyk
――
γs (25 − 3 ⋅ ϕ) |
lb.rqd ≔ 0.25 ⋅ ϕ ⋅ ―― = 115.942 α1 ≔ 1 α2 ≔ if 1 − 0.15 ⋅ ―――――≤ 1| = 1
fbd ϕ
‖ |
(25 − 3 ⋅ ϕ)
‖ 1 − 0.15 ⋅ ――――― |
lbd ≔ lb.rqd ⋅ α1 ⋅ α2 ⋅ α3 ⋅ α4 ⋅ α5 ⋅ 0.7 = 56.812 ‖ ϕ |
else |
lbd ≔ 57 ‖1
‖ |

ϕ ≔ 28 bara forta taietoare de langa reazem

fctm
fctm ≔ 3 fbd ≔ 2.25 ⋅ 0.7 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ―― = 3.15 α4 ≔ 0.7 α5 ≔ 1 α3 ≔ 1
γc
fyk
――
γs (25 − 3 ⋅ ϕ) |
lb.rqd ≔ 0.25 ⋅ ϕ ⋅ ―― = 115.942 α1 ≔ 1 α2 ≔ if 1 − 0.15 ⋅ ―――――≤ 1| = 1
fbd ϕ
‖ |
(25 − 3 ⋅ ϕ)
‖ 1 − 0.15 ⋅ ――――― |
lbd ≔ lb.rqd ⋅ α1 ⋅ α2 ⋅ α3 ⋅ α4 ⋅ α5 = 81.159 ‖ ϕ |
else |
lbd ≔ 82 ‖1
‖ |

ϕ ≔ 25 2 ϕ25
fctm
fctm ≔ 3 fbd ≔ 2.25 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ―― = 4.5 α4 ≔ 0.7 α5 ≔ 1
γc
fyk
――
γs (25 − 3 ⋅ ϕ) |
lb.rqd ≔ 0.25 ⋅ ϕ ⋅ ―― = 72.464 α1 ≔ 1 α2 ≔ if 1 − 0.15 ⋅ ―――――≤ 1| = 1
fbd ϕ
‖ |
(25 − 3 ⋅ ϕ)
‖ 1 − 0.15 ⋅ ――――― |
lbd ≔ lb.rqd ⋅ α1 ⋅ α2 ⋅ α3 ⋅ α4 ⋅ α5 = 50.725 ‖ ϕ |
else |
lbd ≔ 51 ‖1
‖ |

ϕ ≔ 16 6 ϕ16
fctm
fctm ≔ 3 fbd ≔ 2.25 ⋅ 0.7 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ―― = 3.15 α4 ≔ 0.7 α5 ≔ 1
γc
fyk
――
γs (25 − 3 ⋅ ϕ) |
lb.rqd ≔ 0.25 ⋅ ϕ ⋅ ―― = 66.253 α1 ≔ 1 α2 ≔ if 1 − 0.15 ⋅ ―――――≤ 1| = 1
fbd ϕ
‖ |
(25 − 3 ⋅ ϕ)
‖ 1 − 0.15 ⋅ ――――― |
lbd ≔ lb.rqd ⋅ α1 ⋅ α2 ⋅ α3 ⋅ α4 ⋅ α5 = 46.377 ‖ ϕ |
else |
lbd ≔ 47 ‖1
‖ |

-5-
 2 3
Volum ≔ (L + 30 ) ⋅ 2588.3 = 3.831
2
Cofraj ≔ (236.89 − b) ⋅ (L + 30 ) − 45 ⋅ 30 = 30.485

Otel ≔ 784
1 100 4.9
PB ≔ Volum ⋅ 500 ⋅ ――= 1915.342 PC ≔ Cofraj ⋅ ―― = 3048.472 PO ≔ Otel ⋅ ―― = 3841.6
3 2

P ≔ PB + PC + PO = 8805.414

-6-