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organization.
Attrition is the rate of shrinkage in the size or a gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel, as
through retirement, resignation, or death. It is Normal and uncontrollable reduction of a work force because
of retirement, death, sickness, and relocation. It is one method of reducing the size of a work force without
management taking any overt actions. The drawback to reduction by attrition is that reductions are often
unpredictable and can leave gaps in an organization.
Attrition causes huge loss to the company, not only in terms of manpower but also in monetary terms. The
cost of attrition would be explained in details later in this report. Moreover, this report will also cover the
reasons why the employees leave a company. Attrition is a universal phenomenon and no industry is devoid
of it, but the degree 10 fluctuates from industry to industry and at different levels. Attrition is a reduction in
the number of employees. Attrition arises with employees leave the company for one of the three reasons:
1. Death of employee
2. Retirement
Attrition Rate
The term 'attrition rate' can be defined as "A reduction in the number of employees through retirement,
resignation or death." It denotes the percentage change in the labour force of an organization. High
percentage of labour turnover is not desirable for the organization because new workers are engaged in place
of the workers who left the organization.
Why Attrition Happens:
Attrition happens in two ways, one is because of employer and other is because of employee
1. Higher pay
2. Work timings
3. Career Growth
4. Higher education
4. Senior management must articulate a clear and compelling vision for the organization in order for it to
succeed. People join and stay with companies where they feel their job is important to organizations
growth.
5. Lack of Positive Direction:
Poorly prepared management can potentially communicate an undesirable message of apathy and
frustration to employees, which can be detrimental the growth of the organization.
6. Limited or Lack-Luster Training:
Employees want to continually upgrade their skills and expect that employers will facilitate. In fact,
research shows that employees are three times more likely to leave a company that does not provide job-
related training.
7. Hiring that Misfires:
While hiring people have to check whether candidate fits for organizational culture and job environment.
Because best suited employee can be stick to organization for longer time.
8. Women in Workforce:
Most of women leave work after marriage or because of social pressure in working hours or working place.
It is true in most cases in BPO industry because of work timings.
9. Inadequate Managers:
The companies should have the foresight to invest in management teams that can grow faster than the
production staff. A lot of firms are losing people because their managers are too thinly staffed who are
always fighting fires rather than doing proactive work.
10. Employee Database Leakage:
Normally database leakage will happen because of the HR staff or database administrators or any other
employee when he joins another organization or through outsourced human resource vendors. It will lead to
attrition.
There are a number of reasons for employees leaving the organization. Well, the most obvious reason for
employees leaving any organization is higher pay. The main problem here is that employees are moved from
one location to another location along with their family. But this problem is taken care of by a salary hike
which may be around 20%-35% per annum.
Another factor is work timings. In some organizations, work timings are such that they are making
employees leave the organization.
Another factor is career growth. In many organizations, only 20% of employees are able to go to senior
levels. This means that the remaining 80% of employees look for other organization where they can get
opportunities for growth.
One more reason for leaving the organization is higher education. These days, in many organizations,
employees are joining at very young age because of lucrative salaries being offered. But with time, they
apply for higher education and try to move on to other organizations or sectors to occupy top management
positions.
The percentage of women workers is also responsible for higher attrition rate. These days, the percentage
of women workers is around 30%. Generally, women workers leave the organization after marriage to take
up their house-hold duties, irregular work hours
80% of employee turnover can also be attributed to the mistakes during hiring process (Harvard Business
Review).
Other factors include accident making the worker permanently incapable of doing work, dislike for the job
or place, unsatisfactory work conditions leading to strained work relationships with the employer; lack of
security of employment et al also contribute for higher attrition rate.
Role of HR Department
Attrition Rate is good for the organization as long as the rate is at normal level. This will help the
organization to get new blood into the organization and for the organization to develop. But it becomes a
problem when the attrition rate is abnormal. Therefore, HR Department has the most crucial role to play in
any organization. At the time of conducting interviews, the HR personnel try to bring right candidate to the
right job. Similar is true even when the attrition rate is abnormal, so they have a very crucial role to play.
Following are some of the tips to reduce attrition rate: -
Hiring individuals who are truly fit to succeed in the position for hire will dramatically increase the
chances of that employee being satisfied with his or her work, and remaining with the company for an
extended period of time. Employees should not only be selected on the basis of communication skills and
educational qualifications.
Communication of employee's roles, job description and the responsibilities within the organization, new
policies will help to retain employees.
Participative Decision Making - It is incredibly important to include employees in the decision making
process, especially when decisions are related to employees. This can help to generate new ideas and
perspectives that top management might never have thought of.
Sharing of Knowledge with Others - Allow the members to share their knowledge with others. This helps
in retention of information. This also lets a team member know that he is a valuable member of the
organization. Similarly, facilitating knowledge sharing through an employee mentoring program can be
equally beneficial.
Shorten the Feedback Loop - This helps the employees to know the feedback to their work within a short
period. This also helps to keep performance levels high and reinforce positive behavior among employees.
Pay Package - Any employee wants to be appropriately paid and fairly for the work he or she does. For
this, conduct a research to find out the pay package in other similar type of organizations at regional as well
as at national levels.
Balance Work & Personal Life - No doubt family is exceptionally important to employees. When work
begins to put pressure on one family, no pay package will keep an employee in the organization. Therefore,
there should be a balance between work and personal life. Small gestures like allowing an employee to take
an extended lunch once a week to watch his son's cricket game will result in loyalty and helps to retain the
employee.
Organizational Culture - Try to select the candidates who believe in the organization culture and adopt with
ease to organization culture.
Exit Interview with the employees who are leaving the organization will help the organization to find out
the reasons why the employees are leaving the organization. This will also help to find out any drawbacks in
the organization.
Another method to reduce attrition rate is that they should find out why employees are leaving the
organization from the employees who are working for the past so many years.
Motivational Training - It is sure that motivational training helps to retain the employees. One of the
crucial aspects to motivate employees is to ensure that they have ample growth opportunities which can be
provided through training.
Multi-Tasking - One of the ways to retain the employees in the organization is try to get people with
different qualities like smart, adaptable, and capable of multi-tasking.
Referrals - Another technique is to try to get the employees hired through referrals. This makes them stick
with the organization.
No Favoritism - One of the surest ways to create animosity and resentment in an organization is to allow
favoritism and preferential treatment towards an employee. Be sure to treat all employees equally and avoid
favoritism at all costs.
80% of employee turnover can also be attributed to the mistakes during hiring process (Harvard Business
Review).
Other factors include accident making the worker permanently incapable of doing work, dislike for the job
or place, unsatisfactory work conditions leading to strained work relationships with the employer; lack of
security of employment et al also contribute for higher attrition rate.
While these HR interventions & initiatives certainly work in pockets, there are some limitations in their
approach:
1. Business Imperative: The current attrition management outlook assumes that the absolute attrition
percentages are of utmost importance. Logically however, the Clients would be more worried about
the organization’s ability to meet the SLAs (Service Level Agreement) consistently, and not the
absolute attrition percentagelevels.
2. Cost–Benefit: The cost–benefit of these HR initiatives are very difficult to calculate at the design
stage. (Usually the cost calculations do not capture the disproportionate amount of time the senior
management spends in creating, validating, implementing & troubleshooting these initiatives –
specially in terms of the opportunity cost due to time spent away from the business opportunity)
3. Effectiveness & Impact: The effectiveness of an initiative is very difficult to predict, and the actual
impact is usually out of whack with the originally estimated level. The choice of initiatives is usually
someone’s preference / gut feel – instead of a very rigorous business decision. (Since some of these
initiatives work, there is a sort of organizational legitimacy granted to this “deciding by gut feel”
when it comes to HR interventions related decision-making.
4. Monitoring & Control: These initiatives / interventions tend to get out of control quite quickly, and
it takes a Herculean effort for the organizational leadership to rein it in. The organizational leadership
also does not have very clear decision-making data to choose between similar / overlapping
interventions or to stop ineffective interventions. The ‘in-process’ monitoring of these initiatives /
interventions is quite difficult given the biases of the implementers & their varying levels of buy-in.
5. Implementation: The success of most of these HR interventions is driven by the passion of the
implementers, specially the first level managers. This does create a possibility of a less effective
initiative being continued without knowing clearly that there was a better one available, and would
have had a higher organizational impact, given the quality of involvement of the first level managers.
6. Focus: These initiatives / interventions are usually backward looking. They are typically driven by
the data from exit interviews of the preceding month / quarter. Also given the fact that the reasons
‘why people leave’ are known to be different from ‘why people stay’, organizations might be aiming
the interventions at the ‘wrong’population, if not also a significantly smaller one! Reliability of exit
interview data is another issue, as call-back validation is typically not a standard practice. One really
does not know how many employees actually joined the organization next door instead of that MBA
they said they wanted to join.
7. Linkage & Alignment: These HR interventions usually do not provide any linkages to other HR &
business processes in the organization & hence to that extent do not add value. Their alignment to the overall
HR framework is therefore tenuous at best, if not completely out of sync.
COST OF ATTRITION
There are a number of costs which are incurred by a BPO when they hire any new employee. These
costs can be in terms of monetary or can be in terms of time wasted or any other intangible things.
Some of these costs can be as stated below: -
I. Recruitment Costs:
1. The cost of advertisements; agency costs; employee referral costs; internet posting costs.
2. The cost of the internal recruiter's time to understand the position requirements, develop and
implement a sourcing strategy, review candidates backgrounds, prepare for interviews, conduct
interviews, prepare candidate assessments, conduct reference checks, make the employment offer
and notify unsuccessful candidates. This can range from a minimum of 30 hours to over 100 hours
per position.
3. Calculate the cost of the various candidate pre-employment tests to help assess candidates' skills,
abilities, aptitude, attitude, values and behaviours.
1. The cost of orientation in terms of the new person's salary and the cost of the person who
conducts the orientation. Also include the cost of orientation materials.
2. The cost of departmental training as the actual development and delivery cost plus the cost of the
salary of the new employee.
3. The cost of the person(s) who conduct the training.
4. The cost of various training materials needed including company or product manuals, computer or
other technology equipment used in the delivery of training.
As the new employee is learning the new job, the company policies and practices, etc. they are not
fully productive. Use the following guidelines to calculate the cost of this lost productivity:
1. Upon completion of whatever training is provided, the employee is contributing at a 25%
productivity level for the first 2 – 4 weeks. The cost therefore is 75% of the new employee’s full
salary during that time period.
2. During weeks 5 - 12, the employee is contributing at a 50% productivity level. The cost is
therefore 50% of full salary during that time period.
3. During weeks 13 - 20, the employee is contributing at a 75% productivity level. The cost is
therefore 25% of full salary during that time period.
4. Calculate the cost of mistakes the new employee makes during this elongated indoctrination
period.
1. The cost of bring the new person on board including the cost to put the person on the payroll,
establish computer and security passwords and identification cards, telephone hookups, cost of
establishing email accounts, or leasing other equipment such as cell phones, automobiles.
2. The cost of a manager's time spent developing trust and building confidence in the new
employee's work.
V. Lost Sales Costs
1. Calculate the revenue per employee by dividing total company revenue by the average
number of employees in a given year. Whether an employee contributes directly or indirectly
to the generation of revenue, their purpose is to provide some defined set of responsibilities
that are necessary to the generation of revenue. Calculate the lost revenue by multiplying the
number of weeks the position is vacant by the average weekly revenue per employee.
Thus we can say that if a person leaves a job company has to suffer losses as it involves many costs.
Employees today are different. They are not the ones who don’t have good
opportunities in hand. As soon as they feel dissatisfied with the current employer or
the job, they switch over to the next job. In prominent Indian metros, there is no
dearth of opportunities for the best in the business, or
even for the second or the third best. Importance of retaining employees remains the
same irrespective of the size of the organization, its nature of business or the country
of operation. The
only difference lies in realizing the fact that frequent employee attrition means there
is something, which needs immediate attention and cure. Employee Retention
involves taking measures to encourage employees to remain in the organization for
the maximum period of time. It involves being sensitive to people's needs and
demonstrating the various strategies in the five families detailed in Roger Herman's
classic book on employee retention, Keeping Good People.
•Growth: No one joins an organization to just do the same work till the end of his
career. If an employee does not see growth in his own organization, there are high
chances that he might opt for leaving the organization. So such strategies must be
framed where an employee
can see his bright future in the company.
•Support: Sometimes not getting the right kind of support and cooperation also leads
an employee to be frustrated and provokes him to leave the organization. This should
be taken care of by providing healthy work relationships.