SKU3073 Chemistry

Semester 1 2020/2021

EXPERIMENT 9

SOLUBILITY, SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANT (KSP) AND COMMON ION EFFECT

9.1 OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this experiment, students should be able to:

1. determine the Ksp for certain hydroxide salt

2. explain the effect of common ions which can influence in the solubility for certain salt

3. differentiate between solubility and Ksp

9.2 INTRODUCTION

Certain ionic compounds such as Ca(OH)2 are slightly soluble in water. Therefore if we take
some Ca(OH)2 and dissolve it in water and then we shake the solution we observed that some
of the Ca(OH)2 do not dissolve in water. At this point we obtain a saturated solution. For a
saturated solution we obtained an equilibrium between the solid Ca(OH)2, Ca2+and OH-.

Ca(OH)2(s) → Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)

The solubility product constant (Ksp) can be expressed as below:

Ksp= [Ca 2+][OH-]2

Common ion effect can be studied easily when adding another salt, where one of the ions is the
same with the ion in the saturated solution. Suitable with Le Chatelier principal, if the addition of
Ca2+(in the form of CaCl2.2H2O) into a saturated solution of Ca(OH)2,the concentration of Ca2+
ion from Ca(OH)2 will decrease because the presence of Ca2+ ion from CaCl2.2H2O, shifted the
equilibrium of the Ca(OH)2 solution to the left of the equation. Thus more precipitate of Ca(OH)2
appeared in the solution As a result the solubility of Ca(OH)2 will be less in the presence of
CaCl2.2H2O. Even though the cause of the common ion will reduce the solubility of the salt, the
Ksp of the salt remain unchanged. In other word the Ksp remain the same when the same ion is
added to the saturated solution. This experiment will give experience to student about equilibrium
between solid materials which slightly soluble, and its saturated solution. Student will determine
the concentration of saturated solution which have been prepared through titration with
hydrochloric acid. Ksp of Ca(OH)2 can be determine from the concentration of hydroxide ion and
calcium ion. Common ion effect to solubility of Ca(OH)2 also can be studied by the same way.

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 SKU3073 Chemistry
Semester 1 2020/2021

Apparatus

Burette

Pipette 20/25 mL

Conical flask

Filter funnel

Beaker 250 mL

Thermometer

Chemicals

Saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 (Solution A)

Mixture of Solution A and CaCl2.2H2O salt (Solution B)

Standard solution of HCl 0.0400 M

Phenolphthalein

9.3 PROCEDURE

Part A Determination of the Solubility of Calcium Hydroxide in Water

1. Pour amount of 150 mL Solution A into a beaker (CAUTION!!! Do not take the solid part
at the bottom of the container).

2. Pipette 20/25 mL Solution A into a conical flask. Record the temperature.

3. Rinse the burette with standard solution of HCl twice. Fill in the burette with standard
solution of HCI, remove the air bubble. Record the initial burette reading.

4. Titrate solution A with standard solution of HCl using Phenolphthalein as an indicator.

5. Repeat the titration for 3 times.

Part B Common Ion Effect to Molar Solubility of Hydroxide Calcium

1. Repeat the procedure of part A using Solution B.

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 SKU3073 Chemistry
Semester 1 2020/2021

9.4 QUESTIONS

1. Give the meaning of saturated solution and give the differences between saturated
solution and normal solution. Explain the effect of temperature to solubility of salt in
certain solvent.

2. In experiment 1A, during titration, if the end point is missed, is the Ksp of Ca(OH)2 will
increase, decrease or not change? Explain your answer.

3. If a student add a little amount of Ca(OH)2 solid at initial experiment, give the explanation
to the following items:

a. The amount value of HCl during titration

b. Ksp value of Ca(OH)2

c. Molar solubility value of Ca(OH)2

4. Phenolphthalein has the colour change in the range between pH 8.2 – 10.0, and methyl
orange in the range of 3.2 – 4.4. Explain what is the value of the Ksp for Ca(OH)2 if:

a. Phenolphthalein is used as an indicator

b. Methyl orange is used as an indicator

5. If we use tap water and not distilled water during the experiment, how it will influence the
Ksp value of Ca(OH)2? (Note: The explanation may require some calculations).

9.5 REFERENCES

1. Silberberg, M. S. (2017). Chemistry: The molecular nature of matter and change. 8th
Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education: New York.

2. Chang, R. (2013). Chemistry. 11th Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education: New York

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 SKU3073 Chemistry
Semester 1 2020/2021

9.6 WORKSHEET

Part A Determination of the Solubility of Calcium Hydroxide in Water

Calculate the Ksp value of Ca(OH)2 in Part A

Part B Common Ion Effect to Molar Solubility of Hydroxide Calcium

Calculate the Ksp value of Ca(OH)2 in Part B

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DATE LECTURER’S SIGNATURE/STAMP