Name : Faradina Primarini Noorhaya Sari

SRN : 1923042001

Subject : Pragmatics

Lecturer : Dr. Ari Nurweni, M.A.

24th November 2020

Faradina Primarini Noorhaya Sari

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MID TERM

A. Please choose three sets of speech (chat) events in different contexts through WA that you
have on your handphone.

1. Copy three sets of speech (chat) events. 

2. Explain each of the persons' status involved in each of the chat.

3. Analyze each of the written utterances in each speech/chat event in terms of deixis, reference,
presupposition cooperative principles, implicature, and politeness strategies.

4. Based on the data, what can you conclude?

B. Please write what you have learnt from the pragmatics subject

and what the teachers have to do to make the students get a pragmatic competence,  
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Chat 1

2. From the chat above, each person there shares different status where MPBI Ewo and Rinda
(me) are students and both of them are friends even though their age is different. Meanwhile, pak
Bams and Prof Cucu there are lecturer. On top of that, the context there is asking for help
(checking grammar) and there are 72 utterances where 10 of them are stickers.

3. Several pragmatics concept there are identified particularly deixis, reference, presupposition,
cooperative principle, implicature, and politeness strategies as follows:

a) Deixis

From the chat above, it is identified that there is temporal deixis particularly from utterances
“senin yo” (Monday yo), “yowes minggu” (all right, Sunday), and “wuy kak bisa besok gak
koreksiannya? (Yo brother, can you finish the correction tomorrow?”). Then, it is also clarified
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that there is person deixis in the chat above such as ‘it’. This person deixis is found from the
utterances "Mepet gak?” (Is it cutting close?), and “is it possible to teach reading through zoom?
The interpretations of these expressions depend on the context where technically the first one is
pointing to deadline while the other one is pointing to condition (pandemic).

b) Reference

It is identified from chat that there is pragmatics concept particularly reference from utterance
“Enggak rin… lg corat coret pak bams” (no I am not, currenctly scratching pak bams). Here,
what he meant by ‘pak bams’ is Data Analysis task and pak Bams is the lecturer for the subject.

c) Presupposition

From chat there, it is identified that there are existential presupposition and lexical
presupposition. Utterance “Belum… Biasanya kirim malam” (not yet, usually send it late at
night) presupposes unstated concept such as “later at night, I’ll send it” and this utterance is
lexical presupposition. On the other hand, the utterances “Nah, Gilang lebih jago wah..” (Well,
Gilang is better than me) and “Ksh abang judul dlu ini wah” (Give this brother title first)
presuppose firstly that Gilang exists and he is better than Ewo in checking grammar. Secondly
the second utterance presupposes that Abang exists (Ewo himself) and he needs title for thesis.

d) Cooperative principle

Several utterances from the chat are identified violating the cooperative principle particularly
maxim of quantity, relevance.

Maxim quantity

MPBI Rinda: boleh minta tolong? (May I ask for help?)

MPBI Ewo: buleh buleh (sure sure)

And

MPBI Ewo: Mepet gak? Is it cutting close?

MPBI Rinda: It is uy
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Another one

MPBI Ewo: mulai sedikit cerah (getting little brightened)

MPBI Rinda: Apaan? Emang sebelumnya mendung? (What? Was is cloudy before?)

MPBI Ewo: Dark

Then

MPBI Rinda: Wuy kak bisa besok gak koreksiannya? (Wuy Bro, can you finish the correction
tomorrow?)

MPBI Ewo: Kagak bisa lah (I can’t lah)

Maxim of relevance

MPBI Ewo: Deadline kpn? (When is the deadline?)

MPBI Rinda: bisanya kapan? Disuruh seminar rabu (when then? Told to do seminar on
Wednesday)

Then

MPBI Ewo: ini udh ada novelty nya Y? (Does it already have the novelty?)

MPBI Rinda: Buat sendiri kak noveltynya (Make it yourself for the novelty)

And

MPBI Rinda: Judulku atau gimana ini? Jangan ambigu (my title or which one? Please be brief)

MPBI Ewo: Mine wah

Lastly

MPBI Rinda: Is it possible to teach reading through zoom?

MPBI Ewo: mulai sedikit cerah (getting little brightened)

MPBI Rinda: ngajar gak? (do you teach?)

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MPBI Ewo: kalau ngajar berarti kudu online (teaching should be online)

On top of that, there are also several utterances that have fulfilled cooperative principle

MPBI Rinda: mau yang gimana wah? (What do you want then?)

MPBI Rinda: judul opo? (Title of what?)

MPBI Ewo: Judul thesis (title of the thesis) Maxim of quantity

Then

MPBI Rinda: Mau yang gimana wah?

MPBI Ewo: Basing yang penting enak… simple… gak ribet… dan gak terlalu keliatan
sampahnya sih… sesuai dengan pandemic ini. Maxim of quantity

Then

MPBI Rinda: Emailnya apa kak? (What is your email)

MPBI Ewo: Ewopake@gmail.com Maxim of quantity

And

MPBI Rinda: mau ngajar atau tak? (wanna teach or not?)

MPBI Rinda: skillnya mau apa? (what skill you want?)

MPBI Ewo: reading

MPBI Ewo: Mau

Those utterances above do not violate cooperative principle

e) Implicature

From the utterances below, there is conversational implicature

MPBI Rinda: checking thesis grammar, how then?

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MPBI Ewo: Nahh… Gilang lebih jago (Nah, Gilang is better than me)

From the utterance above, it is inferred that MPBI Ewo has conveyed more than he said where he
refused checking the grammar since Gilang is better than him.

f) Politeness Strategies

From the utterances number (1) “Kak” (brother), (2) “Sibuk gak kak?” (are you busy,
brother?) and (3) “boleh minta tolong?” (May ask for help?) , for number (1) it belongs to
positive politeness since this strategy is intended to minimize the distance between speaker and
interlocutor and to show friendliness between them. Meanwhile, utterances from number 2 and 3
are negative politeness because this strategy is used to minimize impolite situation between the
speaker and interlocutor (here, MPBI Ewo is older than MPBI Rinda (me)). Hence, utterances
number 67 “Wuy kak bisa besok gak koreksiannya?” (Oy Brother, can you finish the correction
tomorrow?) indicates the use of positive politeness.

Chat 2

Mr. Mahpul: Dear MPBI students, this is our tomorrow’s writing topic for scientific writing
class: how to write a conclusion properly. The homework for you to do regarding the topic,
please write a conclusion, a summary, and suggestions, based on the chart I provided to you last
week. Keep up the good work. Cheers

MPBI Dwi 2019: Alright, Sir. Thank you (P)

MPBI Vivien: So, Sir… I haven’t submitted the discussion for the chart yesterday, should I
combine it as well with the conclusion? Or should I separate them to different file?

Mr. Mahpul: Fine bu ustadzah almukaromah

MPBI Vivien: okay, Sir… noted. Thank you (P)

MPBI Vinsen: Alright, Sir. Thank you (P)

MPBI Rizky: Alright, Sir. (P)

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Mr. Mahpul: Some grammatical errors were found through out the students’ work. Please have
your work carefully proofread before submitting your it as this necessarily results in marking
process. Submiting Your it corrected to submitting it

MPBI Vivien: okay Sir

MPBI Gilang: what language is this? Creole or pidgin? I found it to be rather incomprehensible.

MPBI Vivien: anglo saxon

MPBI Gilang: Viking?

Mr. Mahpul: That’s why corrected

MPBI Vivien: exactly. Don’t mind him Sir, he’s kinda looney

MPBI Gilang: shut the hell up, you fool…

Mr. Mahpul: Not to get accustomed to using harsh utterances

MPBI Gilang: I did not intend to, Sir. Yet there are unpleasant things in life that drive us mad
sometimes.

Mr. Mahpul: it’s fine to produce colloquial languages particularly in non formal settings

MPBI Jaja: Alright, thank you Sir.

2. From the chat above MPBI Gilang, MPBI Vivien, MPBI Dwi, MPBI Vinsen, MPBI Rizky,
and MPBI Jaja share common grounds and have same status as student meanwhile Mr. Mahpul
has higher status than them since he is a lecturer.

3. Several pragmatics concepts such as deixis, reference, presupposition, cooperative principle,

implicature, and politeness strategies are identified and analyzed as follows:

a) Deixis
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It can be inferred above from the chat that there are person deixis, spatial, and temporal
deixis. Person deixis can be seen from the first person ‘I’, third person ‘you’, ‘he’, and Sir.
Meanwhile, ‘Sir’ is addressed to Mr. Mahpul since he has higher status and also lecturer. On top
of that, temporal deixis there are tomorrow, last week, and yesterday. Hence, for the spatial
deixis are ‘there’ and ‘this’ where ‘this’ refers to the attached file before the chat and ‘there’
refers to unpleasant things. Both of them are still connected to the context in the chat.

b) Reference

From the utterances in the chat above, anaphoric reference ‘it’ is identified while it refers to
the discussion for the chart and students’ work. There the discussion and the students’ work are
classified as antecedent and the second or subsequent expression is the anaphor.

c) Presupposition

Existential presupposition can be seen from the utterance “Some grammatical errors were
found through out the students’ work”. From the utterance, “some grammatical errors were
found out” presupposes that there are some grammatical errors whereas the students’ work
presupposes students’ work exists.

d) Cooperative Principle

It is identified that utterances there have fulfilled cooperative principle mainly maxim of
quantity and maxim of relevance.

e) Implicature

Some types of implicature are found in the chat typically scalar implicature, particularized
implicature, and conventional implicature. For scalar implicature, it is seen from the utterance
“some grammatical errors” and this utterance implicates not many. On top of that, particularized
implicature is seen from the utterance ‘vikings’ where here it requires the reader to interpret the
hidden meaning. In thisa case, the hidden meaning perhaps is the language used by Mr. Mahpul
is incomprehensible and difficult to decipher. Furthermore, “Not to get accustomed to using
harsh utterances” has also hidden meaning where the language used by MPBI Gilang is harsh
and he does not appreciate it. Meanwhile, conventional implicature is found in utterance “Yet
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there are unpleasant things in life that drive us mad sometimes” and “I found it to be rather
incomprehensible”.

f) Politeness strategies

From the chat above, it is analyzed that there are several types of politeness strategies
particularly: positive politeness and bald on record.

Chat 3

Translation

MPBI Rini: Sis, are you busy? Wanna call..hehehe

MPBI Rinda: In the afternoon, kay Rin… I am outside

MPBI Rini: okay siss, also wanna ask about Bambang lho hahaha, have you done it, sis

MPBI Rinda: I have. Okay Rin

MPBI Rini: let me see it after you are already at home. Hehehe

MPBI Rinda: Okay. Have you done Om Ipul? Mam Ari?

MPBI Rini: Not yet, all of them. For Mam Ari, I think I can. Om Ipul along with bambang are
hard to understand that is why wanna see yours. Sis, I am so sad, have been 4 days leaving my
son and private course for Bimbtek yet I don’t even get paid.

MPBI Rinda: Check your email. Where are you for Bimbtek?

MPBI Rini: In bukit randu sis, alright thank you yaaa sis. Sis, how is pak Mahpul’s? we are told
to compare? Don’t understand

MPBI Rinda: That is what he wanted

MPBI Rini: what did you compare? There should be an article?

MPBI Rinda: well, data in the chart. Nope, free writing Rin
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MPBI Rini: what should be done with the chart? Hahahah. Please be serious, I’m an easy person
to believe

MPBI Rinda: I’m serious Rini. Interpret…

MPBI Rini: Sis, this is yours for om Ipulll. I just read it wkkk. There is only Bambang in mobile
phone wkkk. Sis, this is just an act right

MPBI Rinda: Yes

MPBI Rini: Sis, are we asked to explain what is given by Mapul or create new? This is Vivien’s.
confused

MPBI Rinda: Explain, Rin. What was given by Vivien is different. She did not give hers but
something similar to Mahpul’s task.

MPBI Rini: -_- you are the best indeed. Thanks Sis. I thought that should create something like
that but different.

2. From the chat above, speaker and interlocutor share common ground and have same status as
students.

3. This paper also identifies deixis, reference, presupposition, cooperative principle, implicature,
and politeness strategies as follows:

a) Deixis

From the chat above, it is identified that there is person deixis particularly first person ‘I’,
second person ‘you’, and third person ‘he’. Furthermore, temporal deixis also exists in the chat
and it can be seen from ‘in the afternoon’.

b) Reference

Some reference exists in the chat that requires the interlocutor to have same interpretation
and perception with the speaker. The reference from the chat there are ‘bambang’, ‘om ipul,
mahpul, mapul’, and ‘mam Ari’ where all of them refer to different tasks. Bambang refers to
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Data Analysis task where the lecturer is Bambang, Om ipul, mapul, and Mahpul refers to
Scientific writing task, and Mam Ari refers to Pragmatics task.

c) Presupposition

In this case for presupposition, there is existential presupposition from utterance “I am so

sad, have been 4 days leaving my son and private course for Bimbtek yet I don’t even get paid”.
This utterance presupposes that Rini has son and private course yet she has been leaving them for
4 days for Bimbtek in which she does not get paid for it.

d) Cooperative Principle

From the chat above, some utterances violate maxim of quality and relevance as follows

MPBI Rini: Sis, are you busy? Wanna call..hehehe Maxim of quality

MPBI Rinda: In the afternoon, kay Rin… I am outside Maxim of relevance

And

MPBI Rini: what did you compare? There should be an article?

MPBI Rinda: well, data in the chart (Maxim of quantity). Nope, free writing Rin Maxim of
quantity

The first utterance indicates violating the maxim of quality since she did not call yet for the
second utterance the answer was not relevant with the question. The answer of the questions
should be ‘yes/no’. On top of that, some utterances below are identified that they have fulfilled
cooperative principle:

MPBI Rini: okay siss, also wanna ask about Bambang lho hahaha, have you done it, sis?

MPBI Rinda: I have. Okay Rin Maxim of relevance

MPBI Rini: let me see it after you are already at home. Hehehe

MPBI Rinda: Okay. Have you done Om Ipul? Mam Ari? Maxim of relevance

MPBI Rini: Not yet, all of them. Maxim of relevance

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Technically, hedging strategy is also found from the chat between MPBI Rini and MPBI
Rinda particularly from the utterance “for mam Ari, I think I can”. The underlined utterance
there indicated that she was not sure with her answer but by doing that she did violate maxim of
quality.

e) Implicature

Scalar implicature and conversational implicature are used in the chat above and it can be
seen from “all of them” for scalar implicature and “have been 4 days leaving my son and private
course for Bimbtek yet I don’t even get paid” for conventional implicature. Additionally, ‘all of
them’ expresses quantity in which she had not done all tasks assigned by Mr. Bambang, Mr.
Mahpul, and mam Ari. On the other hand, ‘yet’ expresses the opposite condition from what she
wants. In this case, it is assumed that Rini wanted to get paid for attending Bimbtek.

f) Politeness

From the chat above, several utterances are identified as having positive politeness strategy
as follows:

MPBI Rini: okay siss, also wanna ask about Bambang lho hahaha, have you done it, sis (Positive
politeness)

MPBI Rinda: I have. Okay Rin (Positive politeness)

MPBI Rinda: Okay. Have you done Om Ipul? Mam Ari? (Positive politeness)

MPBI Rini: Not yet, all of them.

Hence, it is assumed that MPBI Rini also used bald on record strategy from the utterance
“let me see it”.

4. From the data above, it can be inferred that students often use their lecturers’ names for
indicating the tasks instead of the name of subject. Moreover, some students are found using
harsh language in the group chat and are not ashamed for it even though the lecturer is in the
same group. On the other hand, positive politeness strategy is used in the chats and it can be
concluded that the speaker and interlocutor share solidarity; furthermore, they are aware of their
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friends face. Nevertheless, bald on record is also used in some utterances and it might happens
since the speaker feels offended or they feel that using direct and clear language is appropriate.

5. After eight meetings, it is suggested that the lecturer gives feedback to the students’ work so
that they will understand the topics better. Furthermore, it is better to open Q&A session in order
to enhance and check the students’ understanding because there are some parts in Pragmatics
which need more explanation directly from the lecturer rather than reading some articles.

On top of that, I learnt several pragmatics concepts such as deixis, reference, presupposition,
implicature, speech act, cooperative principle, and politeness from this subject. Additionally,
studying pragmatic is so important because it allows for clear, proper communication between
people. If one does not know how to use pragmatic language, they will likely have problems with
confusing others, or sounding confrontational when they do not intend to be that way.
Furthermore, knowing what to say and when to say it is crucial for displaying emotional
intelligence.