Book of Abstracts - NIMACON 2020

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY OF
NIGERIA
19 Annual th
NIMACON 2020
Congress
Book of
Abstracts
THEME:
INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS

FOR ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION
Date: December 7 - 10, 2020
Venue: Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Collaborators
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NIMACON 2020 PROGRAMME OF EVENTS
DAY 1 (Monday, 7th December, 2020)

8.00 a.m. – 12.00 noon Arrival and Registration of participants
12.00 noon Visit of the NEB to the Conference Media Centre
2.00 p.m. Courtesy visit of the NEB to the Vice Chancellor, Obafemi Awolowo University
5.00 p.m. NEB meeting
DAY 2 (Tuesday, 8th December, 2020) - Opening Ceremony

Moderators: Dr. Babaniyi Babatope & Dr. A. R. Adetunji
10.00 a.m. – 1.00 p.m.  Introduction of Dignitaries 10:00 – 10:10 am
 National Anthem 10:10 – 10:15 am
 Welcome Address and Declaring the Conference Open by OAU Vice-Chancellor
10:15 – 10:30 am
 MSN National President’s Opening Speech 10:30 – 10:45 am
 Goodwill Messages 10:45 – 10:50 am
 Keynote Address 10:50 – 11:50 am
 Investiture of New Fellows 11:50 – 12:50 pm
 Vote of Thanks by the LOC Chairman – Dr. J. O. Olawale 12:50 – 1:0 pm
1.00 – 1.30 pm Break
1.30 – 2.00 pm Plenary Lecture 1: Interfacial Modification in Nanocomposites to Tailor

Functionalities - Prof. Sabu Thomas.
Moderators: Dr. Babaniyi Babatope & Dr. L. O. Olasunkanmi
2:00 – 2:30 pm Plenary Lecture 2: Innovative Materials for Economic Diversification: The Role of
Natural Rubber - Dr. A. I Aigbodion.
Moderators: Dr. A. S. Adekunle & Dr. O. Fasakin
2:30 – 2:45 p.m. Health Break
2:45 – 3:15 pm Plenary Lecture 3: Iron and Steel Development for Economic Diversification –
Prof. Ben. Adewuyi.
Moderators: Prof. A. P. Akinola & Dr. Ezekiel Omotosho
3:15 – 3:45 pm Plenary Lecture 4: Achieving Nigeria’s Economic Diversification through Strategic and
Focused Innovative Investment in Materials Research and Product Development and
Manufacturing
Engr. Sir Kunle Ogunade & Dr. Babaniyi Babatope
Moderator: Dr. B. A. Taleatu
3:45 pm Closing
2 NIMACON 2020 Book of Abstracts, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Monday 7 –
Thursday 10 December 2020
DAY 3 (Wednesday, 9th December, 2020)
9.00 a.m. Technical Session 1
Group A: Group B: Group C:
Advance Manufacturing Solid Minerals Processing Materials Selection,
Technology Steel Processing and Corrosion, Composites,
Simulation and Modelling Recyclable Materials Alternative & Renewable
Energy
Chairman: Prof. A. P. Akinola Chairman: Dr. A. R.
Rapporteurs: Dr. O. O. Ige Adetunji Chairman: Prof. O. E.
Rapporteurs: Dr. L. O. Olorunniwo
Olasunkanmi Rapporteurs: Dr. O.
Fasakin
9:00 – 9:10 DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT MORPHOLOGY AND
am FUNTIONALIZED ZEOLITE- PHYSICO- THE HARDNESS
A FOR CARBON CAPTURE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
CHARACTERIZATIOIN DIFFERENT WOOD
Lawan, S., *Shuwa, S.M., Atta, OF WASTE LOW MATERIALS FOR
A.Y., Jibril, B.Y., Omar, U.A. DENSITY APPLICATION
and Gano, Z.S. POLYETHYLENE PURPOSES
REINFORCED
COMPOSITE Aramide T. M, Alo F. I.
and Oluyamo S. S
Igwe Chris, Yibowei,
Moses Ebiowei,
Ichetaonye Simon
Ikechukwu, Idemudia
Lawrence, Nwigwe,
Samuel Uzoma ,
Adediran, Adeolu
Adesoji, Ugo Ugonna
Kingsley, Nwokenkwo
Uchenna
9:10 – 9:20 TAGUCHI OPTIMIZATION RECOVERY OF NICKEL MECHANICAL AND
am OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM THE SOLUTION OF MICROSTRUCTURAL
PRODUCTION FROM ZNCL2 IRON, NICKEL AND PROPERTIES OF AL-
IMPREGNATED TYPHA CHROMIUM USING SIC AUTO BRAKE
GRASS USING DUOLITE A7 RESIN DISC ROTOR
MICROWAVE HEATING COMPOSITE
Akinbola Boladale
Sadiq M. A, Seriki Y. G, Umar Wuraola, Alo Francis Ireti, Oladerin Kola, Kuye
M, and Makama A. B Adebayo Albert O Sidikat I., Adetunji
Olayide R and Makinde
Victor O
9:20 – 9:30 KINETICS AND MECHANISM THE APPLICATION OF PHYSICO-
am OF FREE FATTY ACID SORPTION METHOD OF MECHANICAL
ACCUMULATION IN BRUISE NICKEL AND CHROMIUM PROPERTIES OF
MESOCARP OF OIL PALM FROM SOLUTION USING HYBRID WOOD
FRUITS DUOLITE A7 RESIN PLASTIC COMPOSITE
Umar Etsu Shehu; Azhari Samsu Akinbola Boladale Akindiya, I. O,

Baharuddin; Nazmi Mat Nawi. Wuraola, Alo Francis Ireti, Alebiosu, S. O,
And Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar Adebayo Albert O. Adekeye, T. O,
Muhammed, R. A &
Atuegwu, S.C.
9:30 – 9:40 DEVELOPMENT OF A EVALUATION OF MATERIAL PROTECTION
am COMPUTATIONAL MODEL SURFACE AND IN THE INDUSTRY: A
FOR MONITORING UNDERGROUND WATER CASE FOR 2-(2-
PIPELINE NETWORK QUALITY IN THE BROMOPHENYL)-1-
USING UNMANNED SOUTHERN PART OF METHYL-
AERIAL VEHICLE ORIADE LOCAL 1HBENZIMIDAZOLE AS A
GOVERNMENT AREA OF MULTIPURPOSE
O.O. Oladejo OSUN STATE CORROSION INHIBITOR
Akinbola, B.W., Aiyesanmi, Ikenna B. Onyeachu, Abel

A.F, Alo F.I Inobeme, Chinenye
Eziukwu, Tawakalit Kelani,
Muniratu Malik
9:40 – 9:50 BILATERAL PARTICLE SIZE INVESTIGATION INTO
am TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION THE BATING POTENTIAL
MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS OF A OF MUSA ACCUMINATA
PROFILING AND CURVE KAOLINITE ORE FOR (BANANA) PEEL IN THE
FITTING BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF
DIGITAL INFRARED AND APPLICATIONS LEATHER
THERMOCOUPLE
THERMOMETERS Abdullah S. Ibrahim, Bulus Habila., Adamu
Alafara A. Baba, Daud Audu., Muazu B.
AKINLUWADE, K. J., FAOLA, T. Olaoluwa, Dele P. Babangida., Ahmed Salim.,
A. E., IBITOYE, F. P., Fapojuwo, Sadisu Tachye. N. B. Shekarri .,
ADESINA, O. S., ISADARE, D. Girigisu, Kuranga I. Igbehinadun O. Joseph.,
A. and TAIWO, A. T. Ayinla Sunday D. Ture
9:50 -10:00 SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL COMPARATIVE INDUSTRIAL
am CHARACTERISATION OF STUDY OF AMMONIUM
UNDOPED AND COPPER- CORROSION METATUNGSTATE
DOPED ZNO- AND NIO- PROPERTIES OF PREPARATION FROM
POLYANILINE LOCALLY SULPHURI-CUM-
NANOCOMPOSITES MANUFACTURED PHOSPHORIC ACID
AND IMPORTED MILD LEACHING SOLUTIONS
Adetoye, Banji STEELS IN ACIDIC BY SOLVENT
Olasunkanmi; MEDIA EXTRACTION WITH
Okelola, Olayemi ALIQUAT-336
Zaccheus; Turoti F. I. Alo, O.O. Ige, S.S.
Olumuyiwa and Oluyamo, D.A, Isadare, Sadisu Girigisu Alafara A.
Babatope Ngozi E and P.A Baba , Daud T. Olaoluwa,
Babaniyi Olubambi Abdullah S. Ibrahim
Kuranga I. Ayinla,
Christianah O. Adeyemi,
Mustapha A. Raji, Aishat
Y.Abdulkareem
10:00 - GROWTH AND OPTICAL EVALUATION OF A THE RE-IMAGINATION
10:10 am CHARACTERIZATION OF NIGERIA OF ELECTROCHEMICAL
ELECTRODEPOSITED III-VI REFRACTORY GOLD POWER: A GLOBAL
AlSe THIN FILMS ORE FOR EFFECTIVE AWAKENING AND
METALLURGICAL THOUGHTS FROM
O. I. Olusola, O. O. Olusola, A. BENEFICIATION OBAFEMI AWOLOWO
Gbadamosi, N. E. Adesiji and S. UNIVERSITY, ILE-IFE
S. Oluyamo Teniola, O.S., Adeleke, A.
A., Ibitoye, S. A. and Shitu, B. Aremo, M. O. Adeoye, I.
M. D. B. Obioh, C. T. Okuwa,
S. I. Oyinseye, D. A.
Isadare, S. A. Ayodeji, B. J.
Abiodun, and O. A.
Adeboye
10:10 – EFFECT OF TITANIUM ON DEVELOPMENT OF PROPERTIES OF
10:20 am ITAKPE IRON ORES USING GATING SYSTEM MATERIALS
MATHEMATICAL CALCULATOR FOR CONSIDERATIONS
MODELLING APPROACH NON-FERROUS LIGHT FOR BUILDING
WITH RESPECT TO METALS PROJECTS
SECOND LAW OF EXECUTION AND
THERMODYNAMIC Shittu M. D., Ibitoye S. A., CONTROL IN PARTS
PRINCIPLE Olawale J. O. OF NIGERIA
Achuenu, I., Mallo, S.J., and Ojo Oyewale Julius

Ikeadighi J. O.
10:20 – INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT NIGERIAN BERYL CORROSION
10:30 am OF MATERIALS FOR ORE DISSOLUTION INHIBITION OF OIL
ECONOMIC KINETICS STUDY FOR WELL STEEL (N-80) IN
DIVERSIFICATION: BERYLLIUM 0.5 M H2SO4 BY
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND CHLORIDE IMIDAZOLE
ENGINEERING EDUCATION PRODUCTION AS
INDUSTRIAL RAW J. Micheal, A. K.
Uranta Charles Atemie, Everest MATERIAL AHMED I. Iliyasu, M.
Okwudiri Keke, Obomanu A. Adamu & A.M.
Cecilia Alex And Ndiokwere Daud T. Olaoluwa, Abdulmalik
Gabriella Chioma Alafara A. Baba, Ayo F.
Balogun, Abdullah S.
Ibrahim, Sadisu
Girigisu, Kuranga I.
Ayinla
10:30 – APPRAISAL OF CHARACTERIZATION OF A REVIEW OF LOAD
10:40 am HYDROCARBONS ISASA RIVER SAND FOR FREQUENCY CONTROL
(ABIOGENIC OIL) USING FOUNDRY USE TECHNIQUES IN A
MATHEMATICAL POWER SYSTEM
H.A. Owolabi, B.V. Omidiji,
MODELLING APPROACH:
and D.A. Adetan
KASSA VOLCANIC FIELD Z. Hamdana and H. Bello
JOS PLATEAU STATE
(KVF)
Achuenu, I., Mallo,S.J., and

Joro. J.
10:40 – EFFECT OF COAL BOTTOM COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE
10:50 am ASH AS MINERAL FILLER ON STUDY OF THE INHIBITIVE ACTION
PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT PHYSICO- OF MUSA
CONCRETE MECHANICAL PARADISIACA ON
PROPERTIES OF RICE CORROSION OF MILD
A. Mohammed, I. Aliyu, T. A HUSK AND SAW DUST STEEL IN AN ACIDIC
Sulaiman, H. A. Umar, Y. Jubril PARTICLE BOARD MEDIUM
PANEL
Idemudia O. S and
J. Micheal, D.S Yawas, Maliki M.
M. Dauda, G M. Jibril,
& R. M. Gadzama
10:50 – ASSESSMENT OF SESAME LEACHING INVESTIGATING THE

11:00 am STRAW ASH AS PARTIAL BEHAVIOUR AND PRODUCTION QUALITY
REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT DISSOLUTION OF ELECTRICAL
IN MORTAR KINETICS OF COPPER PORCELAIN INSULATORS
ORE IN SULPHURIC FROM NIGERIA CERAMIC
Sulaiman, T. A., Mohammed ACID RAW MATERIALS FOR
A.,Aliyu, I., Ja’e, I. A, and Wada HIGH VOLTAGE
S. A Tajudeen Justice APPLICATIONS
Ayodele, Abraham
AdewaleAdeleke, Dare S. I. Bello, A. S. Ahmed,
Victor Abere, Bola P. C. Okonkwo, M. T.
Emily Dada and Isa and A. A.
Omoyemi Ololade Ola- Abdelmalik
Omole
11:00 - FABRICATION OF SOLAR THE EFFECT OF FABRICATION AND
11:10 am DEHYDRATORS: EFFECT OF ANNEALING CHARACTERIZATION OF
SUNLIGHT/HEAT ON FOOD TEMPERATURES ON DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR
DRYING: A MINI REVIEW THE IMPACT AND CELLS USING
HARDNESS EXTRACTED
Adewale George Adeniyi, Joshua PROPERTIES OF 0.17% PHYTODYES OF SOME
O. Ighalo, Comfort Abidemi C HSLA STEELS PLANT SPECIES AS
Adeyanju, Samuel Ogunniyi PHOTOSENSITIZERS
Emordi Ngozi Grace,
Chiedu Ekene L. T.M. Dada, O.O.
Kebodi Onyekpe Basil Fadahunsi, O.O. Ilori, A.J.
Onyemma Alo Francis Akinloye, H.C. Iloh, T.A.
Ireti Kuku
11:10 - COMPARATIVE EVALUATION PARTICLE SIZE EVALUATION OF

11:20 am OF THE STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION ABRASION,
EFFECTIVE MODULI FOR IN ANALYSIS OF A BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND
SITU POLYMERISED AND KAOLINITE ORE FOR DEGRADATION
MELT EXTRUDED INDUSTRIAL BEHAVIOR OF
PA6/GRAPHITE APPLICATIONS POLYPROPYLENE/SUGAR
NANOPLATELETS (GNP) CANE BAGASSE ASH
COMPOSITES Abdullah S. Ibrahim, PARTICULATE
Alafara A. Baba, Daud T. COMPOSITES FOR
Umar Muneer, Anwar, S.Auwal, Olaoluwa, Dele P. DENTAL APPLICATION
Ofem Ikpe Michael, Makama Fapojuwo, Sadisu Girigisu,
Abdullahi Baba Kuranga I. Ayinla R. M. Dodo, I. I. Abubakar,
K. A. Bello, F. Asuke, I.
Abdullahi, M. Shamsu
11:20 - DEVELOPMENT AND LEACHING OF A COMPACT CPW

11:30 am EVALUATION OF NIGERIAN TRANSMISSION LINES
HYDRAULICALLY POWERED REFRACTORY GOLD DESIGN APPROACH
SCISSORS LIFT ORE USING AQUA USING 3D MMICs
REGIA TECHNOLOGY IN ADS
S. T Auwal, Auwal Ibrahim, M.S MOMENTUM
Dambatta, N.Muaz Teniola, O.S., Adeleke,
A. A., Ibitoye, S. A. and Habeeb Bello, Z.M
Shitu, M. D Hamdana
11.30 – Break/Messages from Conference Sponsors

12:00 pm
Technical GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C

Session 2 Chairman: Prof. M. O. Adeoye Chairman: Dr. A. S. Chairman: Dr. B. A.
Rapporteurs: Dr. Ezekiel Adekunle Taleatu
Omotosho Rapporteurs: Dr. Rapporteurs: Dr. B. A.
Emmanuel Ajenifuja Olokuntoye
12:00 – NOVEL ZEOLITE – GEOCHEMICAL THE STABILITY AND
12:10 pm SUPPORTED IONIC LIQUID CHARACTERIZATION OF PERFORMANCE OF
FOR CARBON CAPTURE GOLD & ASSOCIATED TERMINALIA CATAPPA. L
ELEMENTS IN IPERINDO, DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR
Suleiman, M., Shuwa, S.M., Atta, ILESHA SCHIST BELT, CELL
A.Y., Jibril, B.Y., Omar, U.A. SOUTHWESTERN
and Gano, Z.S. NIGERIA A. O. Boyo, B. A. Idowu., R.
Ahmed K. Usman, Olawale O. Kesinro., A. T.
O. Osinowo Saidat O. Akinwunmi
Abdulrasheed, Amoka A.
Addelmalik
12:10 – CHARACTERIZATION OF INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF BIOCHAR
12:20 pm ALLIUM CEPA MEDIATED POTENTIALS OF ON THE GROWTH OF
LEAD COPPER SULFIDE LACTITOL AND MAIZE SEEDLINGS
NANO-COMPOSITES (PbCuS MALTINOL AS
NCs) PLASTICIZER Imoisi. C., Chukwuedo,
SUBSTITUTES TO M.E., and Ekebafe M.O.
Adeleke J.T., Daramola O.O., ENVIRONMENT HOSTILE
Ayeni A.A., Ajayeoba Y.A., PHTHALATES IN PVC
Ayoola Y. A., Alabi A.B., and SHEETS
Fasasi A.Y.
Abba, H., Musa, A. and
Iji, M.
12:20 – ENHANCING THE COMPARATIVE STUDIES SOLID STATE SYNTHESIS
12:30 pm ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY ON THE OF NANiXCO1-XO2
OF POLYETHYLENE BIOREMEDIATION OF (X≥0.1≤0.7) CATHODE
TEREPHTHALATE (PET) CRUDE OIL MATERIAL SODIUM ION
FUNCTIONALIZED WITH CONTAMINATED SOIL BATTERY APPLICATION
MULTI-WALLED CARBON USING COW DUNG, A.C. Nwanya, F.I.
NANOTUBES INDUSTRIAL SLUDGE, Ezema and C. Grey
AND POULTRY
E.B. Iliya,O.K. Sunmonu and DROPPINGS
R.E. Gorga
I. H.Ifijen, T.O.
Akintoye, A. I.
Aigbodion, E.U.
Ikhuoria
12:30 – DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND INFLUENCE OF DEVELOPMENT AND
12:40 pm PRODUCTION OF PERSONAL POLYMER EVALUATION OF LOW
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REPROCESSING CYCLES COST GURASA BAKING
USING POLYPROPYLENE FOR ON THE MECHANICAL OVEN
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS AND MORPHOLOGICAL
Giwa A., Ibrahim HD., Bukhari PROPERTIES OF S.T Auwal, K.M Gano,
MM., Iliya EB., Ameuru US., RECYCLED Auwal Ibrahim , M.S
Suleiman AM., Kwaya EI., POLYPROPYLENE Dambatta, N. Mu’az,
Mustapha A., Aduagba NO., and Abdu Yaro
Suleiman M., Musa AB., and Achukwu, E. O.,
Mikail MS. Isma’il, F. D., Owen,
M.M. and Daniel, D
12:40 –1:00 - -
pm -
1:00 – 1:30 Break/Messages from Conference Sponsors
pm
1:30 – 2:30 Technical Session 3 and Students Papers
pm
Group A: SPILLOVER Group B: STUDENTS
ARTICLES PAPERS
PRESENTATION
Chairman: Dr. A. O. Moderators: Dr.
Oluwajobi/Dr. Bolu Babaniyi Babatope
Olofinjana & Dr. A. R. Adetunji
Rapporteur: Dr. A. A.
Daniyan
1:30 – 1:40 JATROPHA CURCAS SYNTHESIS AND
pm DERIVED PESTICIDE FOR OPTICAL
THE CONTROL OF SPIDERS CHARACTERIZATION
OF CU-DOPED
Hassan Abdulsalam and AG/PVK
Shamsudeen Abdulkarim NANOCOMPOSITES
Jibia
Adegbite Peace
Ikeoluwa
1:40 - 1:50 MORPHOLOGY AND COMPUTATIONAL
pm FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES STUDY OF CO
OF ELECTROSPUN ADSORPTION POTENTIAL
EXPANDED OF MgO, SiO2, Al2O3, and
POLYSTYRENE/REDUCED Y2O3 USING A SEMI
GRAPHENE OXIDE EMPIRICAL QUANTUM
NANOFIBRE COMPOSITE CALCULATION METHOD
F. J. Okparaocha Oyegoke Ademola Jacob

John Olusanya, Oyegoke
Toyese
1:50 – 2:00 EFFECT OF COAL BOTTOM CHARACTERIZATION

pm ASH AS MINERAL FILLER OF SOME SELECTED
ON PROPERTIES OF SILICA SAND
ASPHALT CONCRETE DEPOSITS IN SOUTH
WEST NIGERIA FOR
Ashiru Muhammed SAND MOULDING IN
FOUNDRY INDUSTRY
Omotajo, A. A. &
Omotola, T. E.
2:00 - 2:10 TREATMENT OF A FAILURE ANALYSIS
pm NIGERIAN BIOTITE-RICH OF A GASOLINE
KAOLINITE ORE BY ENGINE
SULPHURIC ACID CRANKSHAFT
SOLUTION
B.T. Adeyemo
Mustapha A. RAJI, Alafara A.
BABA, Aishat Y.
ABDULKAREEM
2:10 – 2:20 EVALUATING STORAGE BIODIESEL
pm AND EFFECTIVE MODULI PRODUCTION FROM
FOR IN SITU NEEM SEED OIL:
POLYMERISED AND MELT CATALYST
EXTRUDED PA6 GRAPHITE SYNTHESIS, EFFECT
NANOPLATELETS OF TIME, AND
NANOMPOSITES TEMPERATURE ON
BIODIESEL YIELD.
Umar Muneer
Ibraheem Kazeem AJADI,
*Toyese OYEGOKE,
Geoffrey Timothy
TONGSHUWAR, Habib
Adebisi ABUBAKAR,
Opeoluwa FASANYA,
Ayodeji Oluwatobi
OJETUNDE
DETERMINATION OF
THE SUITABILITY OF
LOCALLY
AVAILABLE
ALUMINIUM SCRAP
FOR PRODUCTION OF
MOTORCYCLE
BRAKE SHOE
Adeyemi & Sogbesan

2.20 - 2.30 Break/Messages from Conference Sponsors
pm
2.30 pm  Announcements 2:30 – 2:40 pm
Webinar  Prof. O. O. Adewoye Award 2:40 – 2:50 pm Deji Adewoye
 National Anthem & Closing 2: 50 pm
THURSDAY 10 DECEMBER 2020: DEPARTURE
CONGRESS ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Dr. J. O. Olawale Chairman
Dr. Bolu Olofinjana
Dr. Babaniyi Babatope
Dr. A. R. Adetunji
Dr. B. A. Taleatu
Dr. G. M. Oyatogun
Dr. M. D. Shittu
Dr. O. O. Ige
Dr. O. Sanda
Dr. A. A. Daniyan
Dr. A. O. Ayeni
Dr. B. V. Omidiji
Dr. W. O. Makinde
Dr. Emmanuel Ajenifuja
Dr. S. O. Alayande
Dr. O. O. Fadodun
Dr. B. A. Olokuntoye
Dr. A. S. Borokinni
Dr. L. O. Olasunkanmi
Dr. A. S. Adekunle
Dr. B. Aremo
Dr. O. B. Malomo
Dr. Ezekiel Omotosho
Dr. K. J. Akinluwade
Engr. A. O. Oyatogun
Mr. S. P. Olayiwola
Mr. A. O. Aransiola
Dr. O. Fasakin
Mr. Emmanuel Ajoge
Engr. A. T. Taiwo
Dr. D. A. Isadare Secretary
PAPER ID 001
DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT-FUNTIONALIZED ZEOLITE-A FOR CARBON

CAPTURE
1
LAWAN, S., 1*SHUWA, S.M., 1ATTA, A.Y., JIBRIL, B.Y., 2OMAR, U.A., 2GANO,
Z.S.
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria
2
National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria-Nigeria
Corressponding Author E-mail: smshuwa@yahoo.com, smshuwa@abu.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Recently, researches have been carried out to investigate the absorption performance of
ionic liquids in carbon capturing. Although, ionic liquids have shown to be effective
materials, their toxicity, high cost and high viscosity are some of its known drawbacks. In
this study, an ionic liquid analoque also called deep eutectic solvent (DES), which is cheap,
easy to prepare and biodegradable was immobilized on zeolite A to enhance its carbon
dioxide adsorption capacity. A commercially procured zeolite. A was initially characterized
using XRD, FTIR and BET techniques. A 1:2 molar ratio of choline-chloride-glycerol DES
was synthesized and impregnated (30 wt%) on zeolite A. The physicochemical properties of
adsorbent prepared was successfully obtained using FTIR and BET techniques. The
presence of ChCl-Gly DES in the impregnated zeolite A was detected by the presence of
sp3 hybridize CH stretches, CH2 bending peaks and N-H stretching. The adsorption
performance for the carbon capture study was evaluated by passing the CO2-N2 gas mixture
to a gas board 3100p gas analyzer through a cylindrical adsorption column equipped with
the adsorbent at a bed dosage of 2, 4 and 6g. Results from the experimental investigations
showed that the DES functionalized zeolite-A proved to be an effective adsorbent for carbon
dioxide as significant improvement in the adsorption capacity of zeolite. A was observed
after DES impregnation. The optimum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was found out
to be 150mg/g.
Keywords: deep eutectic solvent, zeolite A, physicochemical properties, carbon capture,
adsorption capacity
PAPER ID 002
THE HARDNESS PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT WOOD MATERIALS FOR

APPLICATION PURPOSES
ARAMIDE T. M, ALO F. I. and OLUYAMO S. S.

1
Departmet of Physics (Condensed Matter), Federal University of Technology, Akure
2
Material Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolo University, Ile Ife
3
Department of Physics (Condensed Matter), Federal University of Technology, Akure
*E-mail of the corresponding author: temitopearamide2@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The study examines the hardness of five different wood species: Milicia exelsa Pterygota
macrocarpa, Celtis phillipensis Guarea cedrata and Antiaris africana of the families of
Sterculiaceae, Moraceae and Ulmaceae. The samples were obtained from different saw-
mill in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State. The results of the analysis
showed a significant variation in hardness value of the same wood species as the particle
sizes changed. Among the particle sizes considered, 106 μm has the highest value of
hardness compared with all other sizes. This could be due to decrease in porosity as the
particle size decreases. The spaces or voids in wood particles are filled up with air which
causes intermolecular distances between the grains in the samples. As particle size
decreases, the voids are filled up with particles thereby causing reduction in the
intermolecular distances between the grains. It was revealed that all the samples have their
highest hardness value at 106 μm with Milicia exelsa recording the highest hardness value
of 6.65 BHN and Pterygota macrocarpa having the least hardness value of 2.78 BHN. At
1180 μm, Antiaris africana has the highest hardness value of 2.39 BHN and Pterygota
macrocarpa has the lowest hardness value of 1.27 BHN. Based on the results obtained from
this research, it was noted that hardness of wood particle materials is dependent of particle
sizes. Similarly, most of the wood materials could be used in flooring especially Milicia
exelsa due to its ability to resist deformation.
Key words: Wood materials, hardness, particle size, voids
PAPER ID 003
KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF FREE FATTY ACID ACCUMULATION IN

BRUISE MESOCARP OF OIL PALM FRUITS
U. E. SHEHU, A. S. BAHARUDDIN, N. M. NAWI, . and M. N. MOKTAR

1
Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering, College of Engineering,
Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, P.M.B. 2021, Kaduna, Nigeria.
E-mail addresses: suetsu@kadunapolytechnic.edu.ng; azharis@upm.edu.my

nazmimat@upm.edu.my; noriznan@upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
The several mechanical processes in which oil palm fruits (OPF) bunches are subjected
before the extraction of CPO caused a lot of mechanical damages (bruise) to the thin, pliable
exocarp of the fruit. The damage to the mesocarp ruptures the oil-bearing cells, mixing the
oil with the cytoplasm fluid (water) to form an emulsion which is a good interface for
enzymatic hydrolysis by the endogenous lipase leading to the accumulation of free fatty acid
(FFA). This study determines the degree of bruise for oil palm fruits as a criterion for use in
the design of grading system for fresh fruit bunch of oil palm fruits. Bruise has been
classified into two (minor and major) based on the percentage of FFA accumulated when
exposed to environmental temperature of 37oC for six hours. Fruits with a ratio of bruise
volume to fruit mesocarp volume (degree of bruise) of less than 0.032 are categorised as
minor bruised fruits. While fruits with higher than 0.032 degree of bruise are classified as
fruits with major bruise. The FFA accumulated by each category of the bruise was
determined at different delay period of 1 to 6 hours between bruising and heat treatment to
inactivates the endogenous lipase. Statistical analysis showed that FFA accumulation in
bruised Fruits was significantly affected at 5% significant level by bruise volume,
environmental temperature and delay time. The amount of FFA accumulation has positive
relationship with the bruise volume. A dynamic kinetic model was developed and the
experimental data fitted to it. The important parameters of the model were adequately
estimated. The model was able to predict the optimum temperature for FFA accumulation in
bruised fruit to be 31oC. This temperature coincides with the prevailing temperature in the
palm oil producing regions.
Key words: Bruise, Oil palm fruit, Free fatty acid (FFA), reaction kinetics
PAPER ID 004
MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF AL-SIC AUTO
BRAKE DISC ROTOR COMPOSITE
OLADERIN K., KUYE S. I., ADETUNJI O. R. and V. O. MAKINDE

1
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Federal University of
Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B.2240, Abeokuta
2
Physics Department, College of Physical Science, Federal University of Agriculture,
Abeokuta, P.M.B.2240, Abeokuta
*Correspondence Author; e-mail; adetunjiolayide@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMC) comprise Aluminium alloy, forming a matrix phase
alongside other components usually non-metal and commonly ceramic such as SiC and
Al2O3 in order to change its physical and mechanical properties. This research work
examined the mechanical and microstructural properties of Al-SiC auto brake disc rotor
composite. Aluminium ingots were first preheated and SiC were added to the melt. The
samples were produced by varying reinforcement of (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of SiC) to
the melt of Al and then stirred for 10 minutes at 850 rpm to ensure homogenous distribution
of Composite Metal Particles (CMP) prior to pouring into the preheated metallic mold at
940oC. A control sample without SiC additions was also produced. The produced samples
were shaped into standard samples for the purpose of hardness, impact, tensile, compression
properties determination and wear. The morphology examination and elemental composition
analysis of phases present in the produced composite samples were carried out using
scanning electron microscope, with the attached energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Auto
brake disc rotor was produced with standard dimension. The mechanical properties showed
improvement in terms of hardness, impact toughness, compressive stress, , decrease in yield
stress and wear rate, it is observed that there is an increase in the Charpy impact strength of
the reinforced AMC when compared with unreinforced Al. The highest impact strength was
recorded at 15 wt. % reinforcement. This obviously translate that, with the presence of SiC
the impact strength of the composite is improved. The Scanning Electron Microscope
(SEM) results revealed the phases present in the composite while the Energy Dispersive X-
ray indicated the elemental composition of the composite.
Keyword: Aluminium matrix composite; Mechanical property; SEM, EDX, Silicon Carbide
PAPER ID 005
INVESTIGATION INTO THE BATING POTENTIAL OF MUSA accuminata

(BANANA) PEEL IN THE PRODUCTION OF LEATHER
B. Habila, A. Audu, M. B. Babangida, A. S. Tachye, N. B., Shekarri, Igbehinadun O.

J., and S. D. Ture
Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology P M B 1034 Samaru Zaria

Corresponding author: bulus1973@gmail.com (08030758059)
ABSTRACT
This research investigates the bating potential of Musa acuminata peel in the production of
shoe upper leather and x-raying the physical properties of the resultant leather.
Consequently, the pH of M. acuminata, fresh and dried were determined. The functional
groups present in both conventional bate and dried sieved M acuminata were analyzed using
Fourier Transform Infrared instrument (Cary 620-Agilent Technology).
Bating trials were carried out to ascertain the degree of bating involving the use of: 1%, 2%
and 3% of M. acuminata respectively, the control was 1% at 37oC for 35 minutes using
conventional bate while M. acuminata at 1% 80 minutes, 2% 60 minutes 3% 50 minutes.
The results of physical analysis such as: porosity, shrinkage temperature and ball burst /
lastometer, were carried out on the resultant leather.
Keywords: Musa acuminata, shoe upper, bate, porosity, ball burst
PAPER ID 006
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF A KAOLINITE ORE FOR

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
A. S. IBRAHIM1*, A. A. BABA1, D. T. OLAOLUWA1, D. P. FAPOJUWO2, S.

GIRIGISU1, K. I. AYINLA1.
1
Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, 240003,
Nigeria.
2
Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
*Correspondence author: herbdul@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
For an effective choice in predicting kaolinite use in cosmetics, drug design among others,
its particulate properties must be quantitatively established. In this work, an indigenous
kaolinite ore particle size distribution (PSD) was analyzed using the two-parameter
mathematical models by Rosin-Rammler (RR) and Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann (GGS). The
results showed that the GGS model with R2 value of 0.994 provides a more accurate
description for the ore particle than the RR model with R2 value of 0.988. The mean size
values estimated from the GGS prove its reliability for describing the distribution analysis
for defined industrial design.
Keywords: Kaolinite ore; Rosin-Rammler (RR); Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann (GGS); mean

value; particle size distribution; industrial design.
PAPER ID 007
RECOVERY OF NICKEL FROM THE SOLUTION OF IRON, NICKEL AND
CHROMIUM USING DUOLITE A7 RESIN
AKINBOLA, B. W.1*, ALO, F. I.2, ADEBAYO ALBERT O3

1
Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
2
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife,
Nigeria
3
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
* Correspondent Author
ABSTRACT
Recovery of nickel, chromium and iron was conducted using precipitation and adsorption
techniques. Thus, the present study includes precipitation of iron and adsorption of nickel in
aqueous solution on Duolite A7 resin. The effect of pH was investigated for precipitation of
iron while the effects of pH (1-5.5), ionic strength (1-5M), resin dosage (1.g),
temperature(30-500C) and equilibration time (5-150minutes) was investigated on the
recovery of nickel. The optimum pH at which iron precipitated out while the other two
metals are still in solution was 2.0. Up to 91% adsorption of nickel by the resin was
observed at the pH of 4.5. It was observed that adsorption of nickel increased with
increasing ionic strength.
The uptake was rapid with maximum adsorption being observed at 10 min equilibration
time, increasing resin dosage also favoured the adsorption of nickel. However, decrease in
adsorption of nickel was observed with increase in temperature. FTIR spectra of the
unloaded and the loaded resin showed that Duolite A7 resin is suitable for optimum
recovery of the metal ion from the solution.
Keywords: Ni(II) adsorption, Duolite A7, FT-IR.
PAPER ID 008
THE APPLICATION OF SORPTION METHOD OF NICKEL AND CHROMIUM
FROM SOLUTION USING DUOLITE A7 RESIN
AKINBOLA B. W1*, ALO F.I.2, ADEBAYO, A3

1
Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
2
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University,
Ile-ife, Nigeria
3
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Adsorption study of nickel and chromium from solution was conducted using adsorption
techniques. Effect of Temperature on Separation of Ni and Cr Using Duolite A7 resin was
studied at 2 M concentration of NaCl, pH 1.0 and 1 g of resin. The solution was heated at
various temperature range (30, 35, 40 and 50 0C) and equilibrated for 10 minutes. It was
observed that adsorption of nickel decreased with increase in temperature. Negative values
of ΔG0 (-3.758 to -1.289 for nickel and -6.855 to -6.398 for chromium at temperature range
of 298K to 323K) and ΔH0 (-333.181 for nickel and -12.296 for chromium) showed that the
adsorption is spontaneous and that the reaction is exothermic. Adsorption of both metal can
best be described by pseudo second order model and the process can be fitted to Freundlich
model.
Keywords: Ni(II) adsorption, Duolite A7 resin, Adsorption isotherms, Kinetics
PAPER ID 009
EVALUATION OF SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATER QUALITY IN THE

SOUTHERN PART OF ORIADE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OSUN
STATE.
AKINBOLA, B.W.1, AIYESANMI, A.F.2, ALO, F.I.3

1
Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
2
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
3
Department of Material Science and Engineering,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The physico-chemical parameters and dissolved metals of surface and underground waters
were examined with a view to determine their suitability for human consumption. The pH,
conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined using Oyster pH-conductivity-
TDS meters, the dissolved metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer.
Results of surface water analysis showed pH (5.74-6.95), TDS (43.33-63.33μs/cm), acidity
(11.67-38.33mg/L CaCO3), dissolved oxygen (4.60-6.8mg/L), BOD (1.10-1.33 mg/L),
nitrates (0.15-4.12 mg/L), alkalinity (3.33-6.00 mg/L CaCO3), nitrite (0.07-0.33 mg/L),
phosphate (0.007-0.398 mg/L), chloride (7.289-84.727 mg/L), sulphate (1.40-7.47 mg/L),
and total hardness as CaCO3(50.00-88.33 mg/L), while Cd, Mn, Fe and Cu were below the
detection limit of the instrument used. In underground water samples, pH (4.55-5.86), TDS
(40-290μs/cm), acidity (16.67-31.67mg/L CaCO3), dissolved oxygen (4.63-6.5mg/L), BOD
(1.18-1.67 mg/L), nitrates (1.00-25.59 mg/L), alkalinity (2.00-3.67 mg/L CaCO3), nitrite
(0.44-1.44 mg/L), phosphate (0.007-0. 015 mg/L), chloride (7.896-84.727 mg/L), sulphate
(0.57-1.97 mg/L), and total hardness as CaCO3(63.33-176.67 mg/L) were obtained. A
comparison made with WHO and FEPA guidelines showed that with the exception of pH of
underground waters, these concentrations were within the safe limits.
PAPER ID 010
SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF UNDOPED AND

COPPER-DOPED ZNO AND NIO – POLYANILINE NANOCOMPOSITES
Adetoye, B. O., 1Okelola, O. Z., 1Turoti, O. and *Babatope, B.
Department of Physics and Engineering Physics,

1
Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. 220005. Nigeria.
*Corresponding author: bbabatop@auife.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Undoped and Cu-doped ZnO- and NiO-polyaniline nanocomposites have been synthesized
by interfacial polymerization of aniline in the presence of the undoped and doped metal
oxides nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by polyol method, which were
incorporated into the polyaniline (PANI) matrix in an in-situ interfacial polymerisation of
aniline with ammonium persulphate (APS) to obtain the nanocomposites. The synthesized
PANI and nanocomposites were characterised by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The
optical bandgaps of the nanocomposites were estimated from the modified Tauc equation,
and it was observed that the bandgaps increased when the nanoparticles (undoped/doped)
content was 10% and then decreased when the nanoparticles (doped) content was 30%.
Interfacial polymerisation is an established method of synthesising PANI nanofibres, which
in this study has been extended to PANI nanocomposites, which are organic-inorganic
materials that can serve as active materials in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices
(photodetectors, LEDs, etc.), electromagnetic radiation shields, supercapacitors, etc.
Keywords: Conducting polymers; Nanoparticles; Interfacial polymerisation;

Nanocomposites; Optoelectronic devices.
PAPER ID 011
THE RE-IMAGINATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL POWER: A GLOBAL

AWAKENING AND THOUTHS FROM OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY,
ILE-IFE
B. AREMO1, M. O. ADEOYE1, I. B. OBIOH2, C. T. OKUWA1,,
S. I. OYINSEYE1, D. A. ISADARE1, S. A. AYODEJI1, B. J. ABIODUN1, and O. A.
ADEBOYE3
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
2
Institute of Physics and Ecology, Abuja, Nigeria,
3
Diophantus Ltd., Lagos Nigeria
*
Email: okuwa.charles@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
From its humble beginnings as Alessandro Volta’s “voltaic pile”, electrochemical power
(EP) has been powering paradigm shifts in technology for the past 150 years. From the early
telephone exchange of the late 1800s, the life-support systems in manned space exploration
of the 1960s, to the electric vehicles of the last 20 years, EP has been the unsung hero. EP is
enjoying renewed focus and a flurry of R&D activities in today’s resource-constrained and
environment-conscious world that is urgently looking for a “silver-bullet” for its global
warming and pollution problems. This paper discusses the impetus for the renewed interest
in EP, with emphasis on its storied high operating efficiencies and green credentials,
compared with traditional power production systems. It highlights the impact of cumulative
years of EP R&D, the basic electrochemistry of mature EP systems, the global energy
conundrum and the steady permeation of EP in the global energy mix. Recent re-
imagination trends of EP into applications hitherto the preserve of traditional power
technologies and novel applications outside of its native scope of portable and reserve
power were also discussed. In view of the inevitable global shift towards EP as a veritable
future energy source, the urgent need for a strategic local R&D focus on EP in Nigeria was
emphasised. In view of this, the research efforts and direction of our team at the Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife are presented
and put in context.
PAPER ID 012
A REVIEW OF LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN A POWER

SYSTEM
Z. Hamdana1, and H. Bello2

1
Center for Renewable Energy Research, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina
2
Department of Electronic & Telecommunication Engineering, A.B.U, Samaru Zaria
zaharaddeen.hamdana@umyu.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
A power system, in most cases, is a complex interconnection of electrical power

connections that are difficult to control. Load Frequency Control (LFC) is an important tool
for the management, control, and coordination of frequency in a power system. Over the
years, hundreds of LFC techniques have been developed to make the steady-state error zero
for frequency deviation in an interconnected power system. Each method aims to make the
control process effective, adaptive, robust, and fast-acting to ensure system stability. This
paper presents the key concepts of LFC and emerging LFC techniques. Additionally, the
responsibilities of each stakeholder are explored in the coordination of LFC in the power
sector. Finally, the role of LFC in smart grids is also discussed.
Keywords: Loaf Frequency Control (LFC), Power System, Interconnected System
PAPER ID 013
EFFECT OF COAL BOTTOM ASH AS MINERAL FILLER ON PROPERTIES OF

ASPHALT CONCRETE
A. MOHAMMED, *I. ALIYU, T. A SULAIMAN, H. A. UMAR, and Y. JUBRIL
Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Email addresses: ibshazali03@hotmail.com; tasiuashirusulaiman@gmail.com
Phone numbers: 08036061389, 07035644308, and 08036397717
* Corresponding author’s email address: ibrahimaliyu67@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The accumulation of the byproduct of coal-fired power plants for the generation of
electricity which includes fly ash and coal bottom ash (CBA) and the challenges for its
proper disposal prompted researchers to develop the means of its utilization. This study was
conducted to ascertain the suitability of using coal bottom ash as mineral filler in the
production of asphaltic concrete using the Marshal Mix design method of asphaltic samples
preparation and testing. Fifteen (15) samples were prepared and compacted for volumetric
and stability testing at a varying percentage of bitumen contents; 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%,
and 7.0%, following the Asphalt Institute and Nigeria General Specification for Road and
Bridges approach for determining optimum bitumen content, after which an OBC of 5.5 %
was obtained and used throughout the study. Another set of 15 samples were prepared and
compacted at varying percentage replacement of cement with CBA in the order of 15%,
20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% by volume of cement to determine the optimum dosage of the
coal bottom ash. Based on the results obtained from the Marshall Stability, flow, and
volumetric properties, the sample prepared with 25% CBA as filler with OBC of 5.5%
satisfies the requirements of the Nigerian General Specification for Road and Bridges
(NGSRB) for wearing course of flexible pavement. Hence, the addition of up to 25% CBA
by volume cement in asphalt concrete can reduce the consumption of cement and provide a
proper means of CBA disposal.
Keywords: Coal Bottom Ash (CBA), Dry Process, Optimum Bitumen Content (O.B.C)
PAPER ID 014
ASSESSMENT OF SESAME STRAW ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF

CEMENT IN MORTAR
SULAIMAN, T. A., MOHAMMED A., ALIYU, I., JA’E, I. A, and WADA S. A.
Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Email addresses: tasiuashirusulaiman@gmail.com and ibshazali03@hotmail.com
Phone numbers: 07035644308, 08036061389, and 08036397717
* Corresponding author’s email address: ibrahimaliyu67@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Ashes produced from Agricultural waste have shown great potentials for used as
supplements for cementitious materials. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effect of
Sesame Straw Ash (SSA) as a partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement in a mortar.
The ash was produced using the uncontrolled burning process, ground after cooling, and
sieved through 75 microns’ sieve. The SSA was found to have combined oxides (SiO2 +
Al2O3 + Fe2O3) composition of more than 50%, which makes it a class C pozzolana.
Samples of size 100mm x 100mm x 100mm were prepared using a mix ration of 1:3 and a
water-cement - ratio of 0.55 at varying ratios of SSA in the order of 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %,
and 20 % by volume of cement. The samples were cast and cured in water for 3, 7, and 28
days respectively. The preliminary test results revealed that with an increase in SSA content,
the workability (flow) decreased, and setting times and soundness of SSA-cement paste
increases. However, the compressive strength of SSA-mortar increases as the curing age
increases, and it also increases as the SSA content increases up to 10 % at 28 days then
decreases. Hence, the SSA is a good source of pozzolanic material having satisfied the
requirement of ASTM C 618 (1991) with more than 50% combine oxides (SiO2 + Al2O3 +
Fe2O3) composition, and up to 10% can be added as a replacement of cement in cement
mortar mixes.
Keywords: Sesame straw ash (SSA), workability, mortar, compressive strength and
pozzolana
PAPER ID 015
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR

CELLS USING EXTRACTED PHYTODYES OF SOME PLANT SPECIES AS
PHOTOSENSITIZERS
T.M. DADA1, O.O. FADAHUNSI1, O.O. ILORI1, A.J. AKINLOYE2, H.C. ILOH2, T.A.
KUKU1*
1
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University
2
Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University
*
Corresponding author: E-mail: titilakuku@yahoo.com, Mobile: +2348062541929
ABSTRACT
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) were assembled using organic dyes extracted from the
stem bark of Enantia chlorantha, the root of Sarcocephalus latifolius, the flower calyx of
Hibiscus sabdariffa, the root of Sphenocentrum jollyanum, the stem bark of Harungana
madagascariensis, and the leaf sheath of Sorghum bicolor as photosensitizers. The study
sought to exploit local availability of the plants, high optical contrast of the dyes and
environmental friendliness of the phytodyes. The photoelectrochemical performance of the
dye sensitized solar cells based on these dyes showed that the short circuit photocurrent
density (Isc) ranged from 0.167mA/cm2 to 0.475mA/cm2 and the open circuit voltage (Voc)
ranged from 0.27V to 0.431V. Specifically, a high Voc of 0.431V was obtained from the
dye extracted from Enantia chlorantha. The efficiency of the fabricated DSSC ranged from
0.021% to 0.141% with phytodye extracts of Sorghum bicolor exhibiting the highest
efficiency.
Keywords: Dye sensitized solar cells; organic dyes; photosensitizers
PAPER ID 016
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE STORAGE AND EFFECTIVE MODULI

FOR IN SITU POLYMERISED AND MELT EXTRUDED PA6/ GRAPHITE
NANOPLATELETS (GNP) COMPOSITES.
1
UMAR, M., 1ANWAR, S. A., 2OFEM, I. M., and 3A, B, MAKAMA
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Kaduna Polytechnic,
2
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Calabar,
3
Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa , Nasarawa Local Government, Nasarawa State.
muneerumar4@kadunapolytechnic.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Four PA6/ graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) nanocomposites systems were made. In two, in situ
polymerisation was used where theoretically equivalent mixing strains were applied to
disperse the GNP in the molten monomer, Epsilon Caprolactam. In the other two systems,
melt extrusion was used where theoretically, equivalent processing strain of 600 was used to
disperse the GNP. The effective modulus of the GNP, room temperature storage modulus
(E25) and storage modulus at 80 ⁰C (E80) were evaluated. The nanocomposite/unfilled PA6
ratios of E25 and E80 for GNP 40/10 system are 1.08 and 1.23 respectively. These ratios in
the GNP 20/20 system were respectively 1.25 and 1.39. For the melt extruded systems, GNP
100/6 respectively had E25 and E80 ratios of 1.18 and 1.02 whereas, for GNP 200/3 system
the ratios were respectively 1.15 and 1.28. The relatively better E25 and E80 exhibited by
GNP 20/20 is associated with better filler connectivity network owing to better aspect ratio
retention. The effective modulus of the GNP in GNP 40/10 and GNP 20/20 systems are
4.8GPa and 22.4GPa respectively. Those in the melt extruded systems of GNP 200/3 and
GNP 100/6 are 13.8GPA and 17.3GPa respectively. The best effective modulus, E25 and
E80 occur in INP 20/20 system thus upholding the superior interaction and dispersion
ability of the GNP which is associated to its milder sonication power that led to lesser GNP
fragmentation.
PAPER ID 017
THE STABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF Terminalia catappa. L DYE-

SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL
A. O. BOYO1, B. A. IDOWU1, R. O. KESINRO2, and A. T. AKINWUNMI1

1
Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State
2
Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State
ABSTRACT
The effect of extracting solvent and adjustment of pH on the stability of Terminalia catappa
L dye-sensitized solar cell was investigated. Zinc oxide (ZnO) as an alternative to titanium
dioxide (TiO2) in the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to its band gap similar to TiO2
and higher electron mobility was utilized. Dye extracts from Terminalia catappa .L was
obtained using water (A), ethanol (B) and a mixture of ethanol and water in the ratio 1:1 by
volume (C). The best performing dye sensitized solar cell (DSSCs) was obtained from
extracts A and achieved current density (Jsc) of 1.51 mAcm−2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of
0.75 V, fill factor (FF) of 0.88 and power conversion efficiency (η) of 0.63 %. It is observed
that as pH decreases there is increase in DSSC efficiency. There is long period of stability in
efficiency of the cells prepared using A than in C and fair stability in efficiency of B cell.
The results obtained with extracts B and C confirmed that ethanol with water could not be
considered as a suitable solvent for the extraction of natural dye.
Keywords: Dye-sensitized solar cell; Terminalia catappa L; zinc oxide, titanium dioxide
PAPER ID 018
TAGUCHI OPTIMIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCTION FROM

ZnCl2 IMPREGNATED TYPHA GRASS USING MICROWAVE HEATING
1
SADIQ M. A., 2SERIKI Y. G., 3UMAR M., and 2MAKAMA A. B.
1
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa
2
Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic
Corresponding author: abmakama@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the optimal operating conditions to obtain cost effective production
of activated carbon (AC) from ZnCl2 impregnated Typha grass by microwave heating.
Interactions among the independent variables namely irradiation time, microwave power,
and impregnation ratio of ZnCl2 and Typha grass powder were considered for optimising
the process parameters during the production of AC by Taguchi design method. The
response (yield %) data were analysed via the Response Table method. The optimum
conditions for the independent process variables were 10 minutes of irradiation time,
microwave power of 600 W and impregnation ratio of 0.5. The results of this study showed
that the irradiation time is the most significant factor that influenced the yield of activated
carbons from ZnCl2 impregnated Typha grass followed by the microwave power. The
impregnation ratio showed only marginal influence. The predicted maximum yield of the
AC of 81.1 % was confirmed by validation test within 2 % error.
PAPER ID 019
MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF

WASTE LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE REINFORCED COMPOSITE
1
C. Igwe, C., Y. M. Ebiowei.1, I. S. Ikechukwu1, I. Lawrence1, N. S. Uzoma2, A. A,
Adediran3, U. Kingsley1, and N. Uchenna4
1
Department of Polymer & Textile Technology, Yaba College of Technology,
PMB 2011, Yaba Lagos, Nigeria.
2
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering,
Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering,
Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.
4
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Alex Ekwueme University,
Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: E-mail: moses.yibowei@yabatech.edu.ng.
ABSTRACT
The plastic waste product is a major challenge to our environment worldwide because of the
large numbers of products consumed daily. The use of recycled sachet water waste
(wLDPE) and carbon black for the production of composite has been studied. Tensile
strength, tensile modulus, flexural, impact, swelling tests and morphological examination
were conducted on the composite samples produced. The results of the physicomechanical
property evaluation showed that the 80 g carbon black/w LDPE sample had the highest
tensile strength and tensile modulus of 9.92 MPa and 96.76 MPa respectively. The swelling
test showed an increase in the filler content resulting in a decrease in the swelling level of
2.08%, 9.47% and 3.33% for water, petrol and methanol respectively. Also, the impact and
flexural data demonstrated that carbon black incorporation led to a progressive drop in these
properties. The results from this study revealed that carbon black offers good strength and
stiffness.
Keywords: Plastic waste, LDPE, Composites, Recycled Polymer, Carbon black.
PAPER ID 020
PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID WOOD PLASTIC

COMPOSITE
*AKINDIYA, I. O, ALEBIOSU, S. O, ADEKEYE, T. O, MUHAMMED, R. A &

ATUEGWU, S.C.
Department of Polymer & Textile Technology,

Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos. Nigeria.
Corresponding author*; oludare.akindiya@yabatech.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Fibre reinforced composite materials constitute an important class of engineering materials
as they offer outstanding mechanical properties, unique flexibility in design capabilities and
ease of fabrication. This work is about hybrid composite sheets made from chemically
modified mango seed (Magnifera indica) shell and Balanite aegyptiaca shell as
reinforcements in high density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix. The sheets were moulded
using a saumya compression moulding machine in Mango/Balanite fibre ratio of 100/0;
70/30; 50/50; 30/70 and 0/100 after milling on a saumya two roll mill machine. The
mechanical, hardness and swelling behaviour properties of the sheets were then evaluated.
The tests reveal that sample with 50/50 fibre loading has the highest young modulus and
tensile strength at 1770.83 N/mm2 and 12.50 N/mm2 respectively while sample with fibre
ratio 30/70 comes closest to it at 956.25 N/mm2 for young modulus and 9.21 N/mm2 for
tensile strength. The hardness test reveals that sample with 30/70 fibre loading has the
highest value at 71 shore D which is also closely followed by sample at 50/50 fibre loading
at 60.8 shore D. Sample with fibre ratio of 30/70 also shows highest elongation and
swelling.
Key words: Hybrid, Wood Polymer Composite, Balanite aegyptiaca, Magnifera indica.
PAPER ID 021
INDUSTRIAL AMMONIUM METATUNGSTATE PREPARATION FROM

SULPHURIC-CUM-PHOSPHORIC ACID LEACHING SOLUTIONS BY SOLVENT
EXTRACTION WITH ALIQUAT-336
*
S. GIRIGISU1,2 A. A. BABA1, D. T. OLAOLUWA1, A. S. IBRAHIM1, K. I. AYINLA1,
C. O. ADEYEMI1,2, M. A. RAJI1, A. Y. ABDULKAREEM3
1
Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
2
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa, P.M.B. 420,
Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria.
3
National Mathematical Centre, Sheda, Kwali, P.M.B 118, Abuja, Nigeria.
*Corresponding authors:baalafara@yahoo.com, alafara@unilorin.edu.ng;

sadisu.girigisu@fedpoffaonline.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
The industrial demands for pure tungsten and its compounds due to their high tensile
strength make them a versatile material in catalyst, heavy alloy and cemented carbide
utilities till date. This exceptional property warrants its high interest by industrialists for use
in the engineering and manufacturing sectors. Consequently, the preparation of Ammonium
metatungstate (AMT) from a Nigerian wolframite ore with sulphuric-cum-phosphoric acid
solution has been studied. The effect of process parameters such as reaction temperature,
concentration and particle size were investigated, at optimal conditions (2.0M
H2SO4+0.15M H3PO4, 75°C, -63µm), 93.7% of the ore reacted within 120 minutes The
shrinking core model and Avrami model were proposed and considered, with average
correlation of R2 = 0. 958.based on the experimental data. Comparing the plot obtained from
the kinetic data, it was observed that both model fits into the experimental data.
In all, comparison of the results demonstrated that the Avrami model best describe the
kinetic model based on the R2 value (0.958), > (0.930) respectively, further the activation
energy of 12.32 kJ/mol obtained in this study suggests an internal diffusion reaction model.
The purification of the leach liquor by Aliquat-336 extractant yielded 95% of pure tungsten
at an optimum condition (A/O=1, v/v, 27 °C ± 2) in the pH range of 1–6.5; subsequently
optimized to produce AMT of industrial value.
PAPER ID 022
INVESTIGATING THE PRODUCTION QUALITY OF ELECTRICAL

PORCELAIN INSULATORS FROM NIGERIA CERAMIC RAW MATERIALS
FOR HIGH VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS
S. I. BELLO1, A. S. AHMED2, P. C. OKONKWO3, M. T. ISA4 and A. A.

ABDELMALIK5
1
Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa
2,3,4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
5
Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Corresponding Author’s Phone No.: 08060933769 & 08053822879
Email: sadikubello@rocketmail.com & sadikubello.sib@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In this work, physical, mechanical and electrical properties of electrical porcelain insulators
produced in Nigeria were determined to ascertain the suitability of their high voltage
applications. The raw materials: clay, feldspar and quartz were obtained from Ozanzagogo,
Okene and Zariagi respectively. Test pieces porcelain bodies were produced from different
material combinations by dry pressing method and fired at a temperature of 1200 °C.
Afterwards, the properties were determined and the results showed that the test samples
have on average: porosity between 0.94 and 1.86 %, water absorption between 0.4 and 1.2
%, bulk density between 1.5 and 2.2 %, bending strength between 25 and 50 MPa and
dielectric strength between 25 and 70 kV/mm with respect to the frequency considered. The
results were in agreement with the standard electrical porcelain insulators for high voltage
applications.
Keywords: porosity, water absorption, bulk density, bending strength and dielectric
strength.
PAPER ID 023
NOVEL ZEOLITE -SUPPORTED IONIC LIQUID FOR CARBON CAPTURE
1
SULEIMAN, M., 1*SHUWA, S.M., 1ATTA, A.Y., 1JIBRIL, B.Y., 2OMAR, U.A.,
2
GANO, Z.S.
1: Deprtment of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria

2: National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria-Nigeria
Corressponding Author E-mail: smshuwa@yahoo.com, smshuwa@abu.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Ionic liquids have shown promising results when used in carbon capturing process.
However, their high viscosity coupled with high cost prohibit their widespread application.
One convenient approach to solve the problem is to immobilize the ionic liquids on a variety
of supports which leads to many benefits such as ease of recycling, low consumption, and
increase in CO2 adsorption capacity. In this study, an ionic liquid, triethylammonium
hydrogen sulphate (TEA-HS) was synthesized and characterized for viscosity, density,
conductivity and FTIR. A commercially available zeolite-A which was characterized using
XRD and BET techniques was used as a support and about 10wt% of the ionic liquid
impregnated on the zeolite. The adsorption performance for the carbon capture study was
evaluated by passing the CO2-N2 gas mixture to a gas analyser through a cylindrical
adsorption column equipped with the adsorbents at bed dosage of 2, 4 and 6g. The results
showed improvement of the CO2 adsorption performance after modification of the sorbent
with the TEA-HS ionic liquid. The optimum adsorption capacity was found to be 134.1
mgCO2 /g. Hence, the results revealed that high porous zeolites can be modified with protic
based ionic liquids to improve the CO2 adsorption ability and selectivity from gas mixture
stream.
Keywords: Ionic liquids, carbon capturing, zeolite-A, viscosity, adsorption performance
PAPER ID 024
MATERIAL PROTECTION IN THE INDUSTRY: A CASE FOR 2-(2-

BROMOPHENYL)-1-METHYL-1HBENZIMIDAZOLE AS A MULTIPURPOSE
CORROSION INHIBITOR
I. B. ONYEAHU*, A. INOBEME, C. EZIUKWU, T. KELANI, M. MALIK

Department of Chemistry, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria.
*
Correspondence: onyeachu.benedict@edouniversity.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Material degradation caused by metal corrosion is a serious challenge which leads to loss of
huge revenue in many industries. The use of corrosion inhibitors is a common practice to
ameliorate corrosion in these industries. However, current International regulations demand
inhibitors with low toxicity and greener properties. Additionally, identifying a single
inhibitor that can function for different alloys and under different corrosion conditions
would save both cost and effort for the industries. Such inhibitor would serve as an
important active material for the development of corrosion inhibitor formulations. Recent
research publications have revealed 2-(2-Bromophenyl)-1-methyl-1Hbenzimidazole (BMB)
as a potential low–toxic multipurpose inhibitor against the corrosion of heat exchanger Cu-
Ni (90-10 and 70-30) alloys under acid cleaning conditions and crude oil pipeline–type
carbon steel under static and dynamic acid cleaning and sweet corrosion conditions. BMB
could deliver inhibition efficiency greater than 90 % for all the reported alloys. A short
review that summarizes the strengths and weakness of BMB for this purpose is presented
herein. The review would contribute to the identification of benzimidazoles as highly
promising, low–toxic corrosion inhibitors for industrial application.
Keywords: Corrosion inhibitor; Benzimidazole; Carbon steel; Cu-Ni; Green chemistry.
PAPER ID 025
INVESTIGATING POTENTIALS OF LACTITOL AND MALTITOL AS

PLASTICIZER SUBSTITUTES TO ENVIRONMENT HOSTILE PHTHALATES IN
PVC SHEETS
1
*ABBA, H., 1MUSA, A., 2IJI, M.
1
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B.1045, Zaria-810006, Nigeria.
2
Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi,
Nigeria.
*Author for Correspondence: habba@abu.edu.ng, hamzaabbah@yahoo.com,

+2348028333784
ABSTRACT
Sheet of pure poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) measuring 45 x 11 x 3 mm3 was prepared to serve
as control by compression moulding method. Sheets of the same dimension were also
prepared by the same method after addition of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5 and 20.0
parts per hundred resin (phr) of two isomers of a polyol (lactitol and maltitol). Glass-
transition temperature (Tg), elongation-at-break, tensile strength, leaching and migration of
the control and the eight polyol-containing PVC sheets were determined to evaluate effects
of isomerism and concentration of the two polyols on their plasticizing efficiencies in the
prepared PVC sheets. From the experimental results, Tg and tensile strength of the samples
were found to decrease with increase in plasticizer concentration. In contrast, leaching,
migration and elongation-at-break increased with increase in plasticizer concentration.
Lactitol had reduced the Tg by 33.20oC (from 84.32oC for the control sample to 51.12oC for
the 20phr-containing sample) and maltitol reduced the Tg by 37.81oC (from 84.32oC for the
control sample to 46.51oC for the 20phr-containing sample). With respect to weight loss,
maltitol migrated and leached from the PVC sheets to a greater extent than lactitol. From the
mechanical properties’ viewpoint, lactitol increased the elongation-at-break better than
maltittol in sharp contrast to tensile strength where higher decrease in tensile strength was
exhibited by maltittol. The results obtained were attributed to maltitol being relatively more
planar in structure than its lactitiol isomer. It was concluded that although both isomerism
and concentration affected plasticizer efficiency, plasticizer concentration was found to be
the most important parameter that influenced plasticizer efficiency in the PVC sheets. Since
an ideal plasticizer is that which significantly lowers the Tg of a polymer without
compromising its desired mechanical properties, is biodegradable, nonvolatile, nontoxic,
and exhibits minimal leaching and/or migration during use or ageing, the two polyols were
recommended for use in PVC sheets in place of the toxic and environment non-friendly
phthalates conventionally used.
Keywords: Lactitol, maltitol, plasticizer, polyol, poly(vinyl chloride)
PAPER ID 026
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR MONITORING

PIPELINE NETWORK USING UNMANNED AERIAL VECHICLE
O.O. OLADEJO
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife. Osun State.
08038613807, seyiolad@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The study identified and acquired relevant data for pipeline monitoring model, formulated a
mathematical model, simulated the model and evaluated it. This is with a view to
developing an intelligent information gathering for pipeline monitoring and security. Data
was acquired by taking different aerial images of vandalisation tools and probable vandals
using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Surfer 10 application was used to digitize the
Nigerian pipeline grid and distribution network to obtain the pipeline coordinates. The
itinerary of the UAV for monitoring pipeline was formulated while Sobel edge detection
algorithm was engaged with template matching algorithm for vandal detection. Stored
image templates of digging equipments around the vicinity of the pipeline were used in a
template matching model to detect the presence or absence of digging activities. The
different template matching algorithms method such as sum of absolute difference (SAD),
sum of squared differences (SDD) and maximum absolute differences (MAD) were used on
random images, where best fit results which produced optimal correlation and peak signal to
noise ratio (PSNR) values were adopted for object detection and classification. The
designed model was simulated using simulink in MATLAB and evaluation was done by
comparing the efficiency of the model.
Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Pipeline, SAD, SDD, MAD, PSNR, Sobel
PAPER ID 027
EVALUATION OF A NIGERIA REFRACTORY GOLD ORE FOR EFFECTIVE

METALLURGICAL BENEFICIATION
*,1
TENIOLA, O.S., 2ADELEKE, A. A., 2IBITOYE, S. A., 2SHITTU, M. D.
1
Department of Chemical and Minerals Resources Engineering,
First Technical University, Ibadan.
2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, OAU, Ile-Ife.
e-mail: oluwasanmi_teni@yahoo.com; 08062450597
ABSTRACT
In this studies, gold ore from Imogbara in Iperindo gold mine of Osun State, was collected
from 2 pits dug at 3m by 3m surface dimension and at a depth of 4m. Ores mined from each
pit was thoroughly mixed after washing to achieve homogeneity and representative sample
of 300g was taken from each pit using random sampling. The sample was air dried and
subjected to milling, screen distribution, free moisture test, equilibrium moisture test, loss
on ignition test, roasting, reflected light microscopy, thin section microscopy and
preliminary leaching. The micrographs obtained from both reflected light and thin section
microscopy was analysed using imageJ image analyzer software to determine the shape and
size of gold particles in the ore. Samples of gold ore from 80 % passing 75 µm was leached
using 2 M hydrochloric acid on a magnetic stirrer operated at 300rpm at a temperature of 80
o
C for 2 hours.
The filterate was analysed for total gold using Shimadzu UV spectrophotometer. The
imageJ and uv spectrometry results revealed presence of gold particles and absorbance at
gold standard wavelength respectively.
Keywords: Gold, leaching, microscopy, ore, roasting.
PAPER ID 028
THE EFFECT OF BIOCHAR ON THE GROWTH OF MAIZE SEEDLINGS

1
IMOISI. C*., 2CHULWUEDO, M.E., and 3EKEBAFE M.O.
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
P.M.B.1154, Benin City.
2
Department of Chemistry, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
P.M.B.14, Ekpoma.
3
Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR).
imoisi.chinyere@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Biochar is charcoal that is produced by pyrolysis of biomass, yet in the absence of oxygen,
and is used as a soil ameliorant for both carbon sequestration and soil health benefits.
Biochar is a stable solid that is rich in carbon and can endure in soil for thousands of
years. In this study, the effects of biochar prepared from coconut fibre on the growth of
maize was evaluated. Coconut fibres was purchased from Iruekpen market, weighed and
pyrolysed at 300oC for three hours using the METM-525 muffle furnace and then subjected
to characterization. The milled biochar was added to the measured soil sample earlier
characterized. On biometric observations of the maize seedlings in sample, showing the
height and leaf number. In the second week the height and leaf number was 8.9 cm and 3
respectively as compared to the control which is 5.2cm and 2 respectively and also in
subsequent weeks, there was a proportional increase with respect to the control. Biochar
application has been found to improve the growth of maize seedings. Therefore, biochar
may increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils) and increase agricultural
productivity.
Keywords: Biochar, coconut fibre, pyrolysis, characterization, maize seedlings, slurry,

water holding capacity.
PAPER ID 029
DEVELOPMENT OF GATING SYSTEM CALCULATOR FOR NON-FERROUS

LIGHT METALS
Shittu M. D.*, Ibitoye S. A., Olawale J. O.

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife,
Nigeria.
* Corressponding author: mdshi2000@yahoo.com, mdshittu@oauife.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
This paper developed a simple calculating platform for quick design of appropriate gating
and risering systems for light weight non-ferrous metals in green sand. Codes for calculation
of gating elements’ and risering parameters were generated from standard fluid mechanics
and empirical rules with MATLAB. Guided Users’ Interfaces (GUIs) were developed to
guide the users in the use of the calculating device. The tool was used to generate and design
gating and risering systems for aluminium-silicon components. These were moulded in
green sand, cast and evaluated. The results of evaluation revealed sound aluminium-silicon
castings devoid of any form of gating related defects.
Keywords: gating system, runners, ingate, non-ferrous metals, green sand, Guided User
Interface (GUI).
PAPER ID 030
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE BIOREMEDIATION OF CRUDE OIL

CONTAMINATED SOIL USING COW DUNG, INDUSTRIAL SLUDGE AND
POULTRY DROPPINGS
I. H. IFIJEN1, T.O. AKINTOYE2, A. I. AIGBODION, and E.U. KHUORIA2*

1
Product Development Laboratory, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B. 1049,
Benin City. Nigeria
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Email of corresponding authors: esther.ikhuoria@uniben.edu
ABSTRACT
One of the major sources of environmental pollution is petroleum hydrocarbon

contaminated soil caused by crude oil exploration and spillages during transportation,
storage and usage. Bioremediation is one of the most promising technique for the treatment
of petroleum contaminated sites as it is recognized as cost effective and environment
friendly. This study compared the efficiency of various organic wastes (industrial sludge,
cow dung and poultry droppings) in the treatment of soil artificially contaminated with
petroleum hydrocarbon with the control. The amended soils showed an appreciable decrease
in their nitrate contents, total organic carbon and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) when
compared to the control, signifying that there was a continuous consumption of the
aforementioned nutrients and TPH by the microorganism during the remediation. In view of
the low nitrogen content in the contaminated soil, the use of the studied organic waste as
sources of nitrogen enhanced the bioremediation process. The efficiency of the organic
wastes in depleting the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in the contaminated soils was
found to be of the order: 94.0% > 89.5% > 84.5% > 57.0% for the soil amended with
industrial sludge, poultry droppings, cow dung and control sample (soil without
amendment) respectively.
Keywords: Bio-stimulation, Industrial sludge, contaminated soil, biodegradation.
PAPER ID 031
GROWTH AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRODEPOSITED

III-VI ALSE THIN FILMS
O. I. OLUSOLA1*, O. O. OLUSOLA2, A. GBADAMOSI1, N. E. ADESIJI1 and S. S.

OLUYAMO1
1
Department of Physics, School of Science, The Federal University of Technology, Akure
(FUTA), Ondo State, P.M.B. 704, Nigeria.
2
Department of Physics, School of Science, College of Education, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State,
P.M.B. 250, Nigeria.
*olajideibk@yahoo.com; +2349060619725
ABSTRACT
Over the years, electrodeposition has become a strong research focus particularly in areas
linked with photovoltaic technologies and other optical applications such as antireflective
coatings and optical windows. This report shows the effects of voltage variation on the opto-
electronic properties of electrodeposited aluminum selenide (AlSe) thin films at growth
temperature of 80oC and pH of 2.50 ± 0.02. The cathodic growth voltages explored in this
work are 1000 mV, 1400 mV and 1600 mV. The optical and electrical properties of the
electrodeposited AlSe layers were studied using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and
photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell measurement instruments respectively. Results of optical
characterization revealed that the optical properties of the layers are strongly influenced by
the varied voltages. Results from the photoelectrochemical cell measurement showed that
the materials are all n-type in electrical conduction. Both optical and PEC cell results point
to the fact that AlSe layers grown at 1000 mV can be a suitable n-type window layer for
photovoltaic applications.
Keywords: AlSe, Electrodeposition, Energy band gaps, Cathodic growth voltage, Electrical
conductivity.
PAPER ID 032
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS CONSIDERATIONS FOR BUILDING PROJECTS

EXECUTION AND CONTROL IN PARTS OF NIGERIA
OJO, OYEWALE JULIUS
Department of Project Management Technology

The Federal University of Technology, Akure,Ondo State.
E-mail: ojojo@futa.edu.ng; Phone No: 08033744960
ABSTRACT
There are several materials used in building construction projects. The choice and use of
these materials depend on some factors, such as availability, local conditions, technology
available and practices of the industry among others. These materials include cement, sand,
gravel, timber, metals, water and so on. The application of these materials requires the
knowledge and experience of the building professionals. In Nigeria, there are incidences of
regular and persistent building collapses resulting from failure of the materials used and
other factors. Therefore, the study assessed the properties of materials considerations for
building projects execution and control in Nigeria. Also, investigated the class of the
projects affected and stated the characteristics of the materials. This was with a view to
preventing building failures that associated with the neglect of properties of materials. The
study was based on the secondary data. Descriptive statistical tool was used to analyze the
study. The findings revealed that all the studies reviewed (100%) were privately owned
projects meaning that public projects were not affected. Also, seventy percent (70%) of the
review were failed projects due to the use of substandard materials. Majority of the people
involved in the failed projects were from the informal sector of the industry. They do not
know what chemical reaction (hydration) is, when cement is mixed with sand, gravel and
water (concrete). They use ‘rule of thumb’ forgetting that, there are rules to follow when
mixing these materials together. The study recommends among others that both the clients
and the contractors of any failed projects should be jailed for the minimum of six months
without the option of fine.
Keywords: Properties of Materials, Materials Considerations, Building Projects, Projects

Execution and Control.
PAPER ID 033
SOLID STATE SYNTHESIS OF NaNixCo1-xO2 (x≥0.1≤0.7) CATHODE MATERIAL

SODIUM ION BATTERY APPLICATION
1*
A.C. NWANYA, 1,2,3 F.I. EZEMA and 4C. GREY
1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
2
UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences-Nanotechnology, College of Graduate
Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk ridge, South Africa
3
Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research
Foundation, 1 Old Faure road, Somerset West 7129, PO Box 722, Somerset West, South
Africa;
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
*Corresponding author: chinwe.nwanya@unn.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
We synthesized NaNixCo1-xO2 (x≥0.1≤0.7) cathode material using the solid-state method for
sodium ion battery application. X-ray diffraction and Rieitveld refinement of the NaNixCo1-
xO2 (x=0.1) using Na0.74CoO2 (space group: P63/mmc neutron diffraction data) yielded
lattice parameters of a= b = 2.831618, c = 10.81100, α = β = 90.0000, γ= 120.0000. The
scanning electron microscopy results indicated that at x=0.1, irregular nanosheet-like
particles are formed while at higher concentration of (x˃0.1) a mix of the nanosheet-like and
spherical nanoparticles are obtained. This confirms the two–phase nature of the materials
formed at x ˃ 0.1. The discharge capacities were observed to reduce with increase in the x
value due to the two-phase nature of the material at x ˃ 0.1 resulting in increased mass that
does not participate in the electrochemical reaction. We further cycled the NaNi xCo1-xO2 @
x=0.1 at various voltage windows and the result indicate that when cycled at potential below
1.5, degradation of the electrolyte as well as irreversible phase change in the cathode occurs
leading to lower capacity. Further cycling was maintained between 1.5-3.0 V/Na/Na+ and
the rate capability obtained at this potential range showed that charge-discharge capacity of
about 70 mAh g-1 was maintained at 200 mA g-1.
Keywords: capacity, cathode, nanoparticles, sodium ion battery, solid state
PAPER ID 034
CORROSION INHIBITION OF OIL WELL STEEL (N-80) IN 0.5M H2SO4 BY

IMIDAZOLE
J. MICHAEL*, A. K. AHMED, I. ILIYASU, M. A. ADAMU, A.M. ABDULMALIK
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Corresponding Author: 1J. Micheal, jmicheal@abu.edu.ng, 07062067519
ABSTRACT
The inhibitive action of imidazole on the corrosion of oil well steel (N-80) in 0.5M H2SO4
solution was investigated using a chemical method i.e weight loss techniques and the dose
of the inhibitor was varied at 0.1M, 0.5M and 1M concentration.
The Inhibition Efficiency was found to have increased as the inhibitor concentration was
increased, the results obtained showed that the corrosion reaction of H2SO4 after 2 hours
exposure is 0.0681mm/yr which is the maximum corrosion rate when compared with the
various concentration of imidazole in 0.5M H2SO4 while at 72 hours exposure a maximum
corrosion rate of 1.8608 mm/yr was observed without inhibition as compared with the
various concertration of imidazole in H2SO4 with maximum corrosion rate of 0.0794 mm/yr
at 0.1M Inhibitor with H2SO4. It had the maximum corrosion rate hence it is spontaneous
and there is good agreement between the data gotten from the techniques employed.
However, it was found that the corrosion rate decrease with increase in concentration of
imidazole inhibitor. So therefore, the study showed that imidazole acts as an efficient
inhibitor for oil well steel N-80 in H2SO4 environment.
Key words: Oil well steel (N-80), inhibition, Inhibition Efficiency, corrosion rate
PAPER ID 035
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

RICE HUSK AND SAW DUST PARTICLE BOARD PANEL
1
J. MICHAEL*, 1D. S. YAWAS, 1M. DAUDA, 1G. M. JIBRIL,
2
R. M. GADZAMA
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
2
Department of Industrial Design, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola
Corresponding Author: 1J. Micheal, bobj4real2007@gmail.com, 07062067519

ABSTRACT
The development of locally produce composite panels, laminates, components etc. from
agro-based waste for research purposes is commendable for structural and household
application, by producing particle boards from SDp/PR and RHp/PR under the same
pressing condition of Temperature (150 °C), Pressure (5000 psi) and curing time (20 min).
The Phenolic Resin (PR) was varied from 20 to 40 % wt. at interval of 5 % wt.. The
physical and mechanical properties test sample results showed that the Rice husk panel
performed favorably compared to the Sawdust panel using Hot compression molding
process.
Key words: Hydraulic Hot Press, Hot Pressing, Particle board, Phenolic Resin, Sawdust,
Rice Husk, Mechanical Properties.
PAPER ID 036
STUDIES ON THE INHIBITIVE ACTION OF Musa paradisiaca STEM EXTRUDE

ON CORROSION OF MILD STEEL IN AN ACIDIC MEDIUM
IDEMUDIA, O. S.1* and MALIKI, M.2

1
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Benin, Benin City.
2
Department of Chemistry, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State.
ABSTRACT
The corrosion rate of mild steel was monitored in sulphuric acid, using Musa paradisiaca
stem extrude as corrosion inhibitor at temperatures of 303 and 333K. The corrosion rate and
the inhibition efficiency were determined with gravimetric technique. Results reveals that
Musa paradisiaca stem extrude could serve as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in acidic
media. The inhibition efficiency of Musa paradisiaca stem extrudes (MPSE) recorded
maximum values at lower temperature, increasing inhibitor concentration and decreasing
concentration of corrodent. The sorption data gave adequate fit for Langmuir, Freundlich
and Florry-Huggins isotherms. The Gibbs free energy ranged between - 4.488 to -3.237
kJmol-1, activation energy ranged between 6.335 - 27.651kJ and the heat of adsorption
ranged between - 2.282 to -2.776kJmol-1. The results obtained shows that the inhibitive
process is spontaneous, exothermic and a physisorption process.
Keywords: MPSE, sulphuric acid, adsorption isotherm, corrosion.
PAPER ID 037
NIGERIAN BERYL ORE DISSOLUTION KINETICS STUDY FOR BERYLLIUM

CHLORIDE PRODUVTION AS INDUSTRIAL RAW MATERIAL
D. T. OLAOLUWA1,2*, A. A. BABA1, A. F. BALOGUN1,3, A. S. IBRAHIM1,

S. GIRIGISU1,4, K. I. Ayinla1
1
Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
2
Department of Science Laboratory Technology,
The Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Nigeria.
3
Department of Chemistry, Kogi State College of Education (Technical),
Kabba. Nigeria.
4
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic,
Offa, Nigeria.
*Correspondence authors: daudolaoluwa@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Hydrochloric acid leaching kinetics of a Nigerian beryl ore for possible industrial
production of beryllium chloride (BeCl2) was studied. The effects of varying acid
concentration, reaction temperature and different particle sizes on the leaching rates were
investigated. The dissolution efficiency rates were greatly enhanced by increasing acid
concentration, reaction temperature and reducing particle diameter. The kinetic data analysis
showed the rate-controlling step of the dissolution to be by a diffusion-controlled
mechanism with 69.1% of the ore reacted at optimal leaching conditions of 120 minutes, 2.5
mol/L HCl, 75oC and 75 µm particle diameter with moderate agitation. A reaction order of
0.50 with an activation energy of 38.88 kJ/mol supported the proposed mechanism as
calculated from appropriate Arrhenius plot. The residual unleached product at optimal
leaching was characterized by XRD to contain blends of siliceous products such as calcite
(CaCO3), kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4), orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) and pistomesite ((Mg,Fe)CO3)
which would possibly serve as industrial components or ingredients for other defined
applications.
Keywords: Beryl ore; beryllium chloride; hydrochloric acid; leaching; dissolution kinetics.
PAPER ID 038
CHARACTERIZATION OF ISASA RIVER SAND FOR FOUNDRY USE

H.A. OWOLABI, B.V. OMIDIJI, D.A. ADETAN
Department of Mechanical Engineering

howolabi@oauife.edu.ng; 08067276378
ABSTRACT
The greater number of castings produced globally are made by using sand casting
techniques that utilize sand as major moulding material. This paper characterizes sand from
Isasa River, situated in Osun state of southwestern Nigeria, based on its physical and
chemical properties with the aid of Tandem pelletron electrostatic accelerator, trinocular
microscope, mechanical sieve shaker, box furnace, moisture teller, and clay washer, for
Foundry application. Results obtained revealed that the River sand has moisture content of
4.30%, clay content of 2.22%, grain fineness number (GFN) of 49, Silica (SiO2) content of
93%, and sintering point of 1400oC. The River sand is a 4-screen sand, having angular
grains with medium sphericity. Isasa River sand will be suitable for casting of gray iron and
non-ferrous metals, with the addition of binding agent in suitable proportion.
Keywords: Sand, Casting, Foundry, Properties, Metals.
PAPER ID 039
ACHIEVING NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION THROUGH

STRATEGIC AND FOCUSED INNOVATIVE INVESTMENT IN MATERIALS
RESEARCH AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND MANUFACTURING
Babaniyi BABATOPE
Department of Physics and Engineering Physics,

Advanced Materials and Devices Research Laboratory,
Obafemi Awolowo University, 220005,
Ile-Ife. Nigeria.
bbabatope@oauife.edu.ng; +2348025672474
ABSTRACT
The Nigerian economy recently slipped into another recession within 5 years based on
recent National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) largely due to external factors beyond Nigeria’s
control. The last recession was in 2015/2016 and through a combination of policies, the
economy was brought back to growth. The Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP.
2017-2020) which was launched by the FGN as a short-term plan ‘for the purpose of
restoring economic growth while leveraging the ingenuity and resilience of the Nigerian
people – the nation’s most priceless assets’. The Nigeria Economic Sustainability Plan, 2020
had just been launched and the economy is in back in recession. Achieving steady and
sustainable growth of the economy is the most important target of any government. The
status of Nigerian economy, is largely mono-product, where the manufacturing sector is
largely undeveloped. The largest economy in Africa, Nigeria, cannot afford to continue to
experience the well-known economic cycle of ‘expansion-peak-recession-depression-
recovery’. The need to diversify the economy into different yet-untapped areas with several
‘hanging-fruits’ are available to be tapped cannot be overemphasized. This paper gives a
short analysis of the Nigerian economy from the point of view of a Materials Professionals
presenting few alternative approaches that would revive the manufacturing sector (in the
medium term) especially the Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises by investing
strategically into innovative development of Conventional and Advanced Manufacturing
Technologies that would be proliferated into the various levels of our technical and
engineering education for the much-needed sustainable products development and
manufacturing. It concludes that Nigeria needs to invest heavily (through borrowing) into
the modernization of targeted infrastructure for Technical and Engineering Education and
Training for manufacturing.
PAPER ID 040
LEACHING BEHAVIOUR AND DISSOLUTION KINETICS OF COPPER ORE IN

SULPHURIC ACID
*T. J. AYODELE1, A. A. ADELEKE2, D. V. ABERE3, B. E. DADA3 O. O. OLA-

OMOLE4
1
Bioresources Development Center (BIODEC), Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
2
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile –Ife, Nigeria
3
Department of Mineral Processing, National Metallurgical Development Centre, Jos,
Nigeria 4Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The leaching behaviour of Akiri copper ore in sulphuric acid was investigated in detail to
evaluate the influence of various factors, and to determine the kinetics of the leaching. The
XRD analysis indicated that the ore is made up of four major mineral groups that is;
sulphide, silicate, carbonates and oxide. The chemical composition of the copper ore
revealed that the ore contains Si, Al, Fe, Cu, as the major elements while Mg, S, Ti, Mn, Ca,
C, and K were minor elements. The leaching process tests on bench scale were performed
using 33 factorial design experiments by varying temperature, acid concentration and
leaching time. The results indicated that the increase in the leaching time, acid concentration
and low temperature enhanced the leaching rate of copper. The leaching rate increased up to
a certain value with increasing temperature and later reduced with a further increment.
Maximum copper recovery of 90.38% from copper ore was achieved at experimental
conditions of 1.5 M, 50 °C, and 30 min as the optimum leaching conditions. It was observed
that the leaching reaction is by diffusion mechanism through the product layer model and
liquid film model. The activation energies of the leaching process were determined to be
25.67 and 13.3 kJ/mol, respectively. This has shown that the copper leaching behaviour is
slightly dependent on the reaction temperature and the leaching kinetics can be described by
the following equation: x + 1-3( + 2( = 0.90944 × .
Keywords: Copper ore, leaching behavior, Recovery, Kinetics, Activation energy
PAPER ID 041
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF HYDRAULICALLY POWERED

SCISSORS LIFT
*S. T AUWAL, I. AUWAL, M. S. DAMBATTA, N.MUAZ

1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kano University of
Science and Technology, Wudil, 3244 Kano, Nigeria
satgn06@gmail.com; 08064442984
ABSTRACT
Over the years the use of scissor-type systems for maintenance, repair and cleaning in both
domestic and industry is growing. In this study, a scissor lift system was designed and
evaluated with a load carrying capacity of 100 g and a working height of 1.5 m. The solid
modelling and structural analysis of the system were carried out using SolidWorks. The
results showed that the stresses and forces acting in the various members of the system were
within the permissible limits of the materials used to fabricate the parts hence the device.
Therefore, the system can be safely used within the load carrying capacity and height limit
of the device.
Keywords: Lifting System, SolidWorks, Static Analysis, Deflection,
PAPER ID 042
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF LOW COST GURASA BAKING OVEN
S.T AUWAL1*, K.M GANO2, AUWAL I.1 , M.S DAMBATTA1, N. MU’AZ1, and A.
YARO3
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kano University of
Science and Technology, Wudil, 3244 Kano, Nigeria
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agric and Agricultural
Technology, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, 3244 Kano, Nigeria
3
Department of Agric Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agric and Agricultural
Technology, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, 3244 Kano, Nigeria
*
Corresponding author: satgn06@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
With growing global energy rises, the need to develop economical, efficient and alternative
energy source to power heating oven is paramount. In this work, a Gurasa oven was
developed with a choice of two kinds of heat sources (Charcoal and Gas). Based on the tests
carried out, the time require to bake the Gurasa decrease significantly with increase in
temperature for both heat sources. Compared to conventional oven, the customized Gurasa
oven demonstrated higher energy efficiency by reducing the energy, cost and the time of the
baking. These results showed that, the oven developed can be suitable for baking Gurasa at
domestic and commercial levels.
PAPER ID 043
THE EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURES ON THE IMPACT AND

HARDNESS PROPERTIES OF 0.17% C HSLA STEELS
1
EMORDI, N.G., 2CHIEDU E.L.K., 3ONYEKPE B. O., 4 ALO, F. I.
1
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Delta State Polytechnic,Ogwashi Uku, Nigeria
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delta State Polytechnic,Ogwashi Uku, Nigeria
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, university of Benin Edo state.
4
Department of Materials Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife
Email: hisministersng@gmail.com; Phone Number : 08037789717
ABSTRACT
The properties of Steel are rtielated to its structural make-up. The desired levels of
mechanical properties can be obtained by altering the size, shape and distributions of
various constituents. This study deals with the effect of annealing temperature on the impact
and hardness properties of 0.17% C of High Strength Low Alloy Steel the research was
achieved by annealing samples of the steel by varying the annealing temperatures. The
starting temperature is got by calculating the carbon equivalent which is 840; an interval of
30oC was used to get the following temperatures used which were 840, 870,900, 930, 960
and 990oC and a soaking time of 60 seconds. Hardness, impact strength value was
calculated also analyzed were their micro structures. From the mechanical analysis result,
the annealed sample at 840oC has a highest hardness value of 111.3 BHN and an impact
value of 61.69J. and impact value of 63.76 J 990OC was seen to have the least value of
hardness value of 93.36 BHN and highest impact value of 66.49 J. This study shows that
annealing enhanced the fatigue property and tensile strength (wear strength) of the steel in
study. It was then concluded that annealing of steel influenced positively the mechanical
properties of HSLA steels with 0.17% C.
Keywords: High Strength Low Alloy Steel, Microstructure, Hardness, impact properties,
annealing temperature
PAPER ID 044
CHARACTERIZATION OF ALLIUM CEPA MEDIATED LEAD COPPER

SULFIDE NANO-COMPOSITES (PbCuSNCs)
ADELEKE J.T.1, DARAMOLA O.O.2, AYENI A. A3., AJAYEOBA Y. A1., AYOOLA

Y. A4., ALABI A. B3, and FASASI A.Y.5
1
Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
2
Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
3
University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
4
Osun State College of Education, Ilesa, Nigeria
5
Centre for Energy Research and Development (CERD) OAU, Nigeria.
Corresponding author:– joshua.adeleke@uniosun.edu.ng, +2348160873375
ABSTRACT
This work reports the successful bio-synthesis of Allium cepa mediated lead copper sulfide
nano-composites (PbCuS NCs) by sol-gel technique. The PbCuS NCs were annealed at 100
o
C, 150 oC, 200 oC, 300 oC and were characterized for chemical composition,
morphological, optical and structural properties using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
(EDX), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy and Powder X-ray
Diffractometer (XRD) respectively. The EDX confirms the presence of lead (Pb), cupper
(Cu) and sulfur (S) as major elemental contents of the PbCuS NPs. The morphology was
agglomerated, clustered and sponge-like nanospheres as shown by SEM images. The UV –
Vis shows a good absorbance 2.4 - 4.0 (a.u) in the UV region ranges from 295 – 300 nm.
The absorbance increases with increase in annealing temperature. The XRD spectral show
the highly crystalline nanoparticles with prominent peaks of Anglesite, Galena, Marshite
and Chalcocite phases of Pb, PbS, Cu and CuS respectively.
Key words: Allium cepa, nanoparticles, PbCuS, EDX, SEM, XRD
PAPER ID 045
EFFECT OF TITANIUM ON ITAKPE IRON ORES USING MATHEMATICAL

MODELING APPROACH WITH RESPECT TO SECOND LAW OF
THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLE
*
ACHUENU, I., MALLO, S.J., IKEADIGHI, J. O.
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jos,

Plateau State, Nigeria.
Correspondence: achuenuifeanyi@gmail.com; 09035057116.
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of titanium on iron ores and how it
controls the strength, magnetization, and density (grade) of iron ores. The effectiveness of
iron ores in Extractive Industry depends on the ratio of titanium to iron in the solid solution
during crystallization of magma with respect to Gibbs free energy and can be
mathematically expressed as [Fe3-xTix]O4 and [Fe2-xTix]O3. Methodologically, 1Kg of
each of five samples of iron ores were collected from Itakpe iron ore, which were pulverized
and were compared with those that were obtained from 20Kg of Cassiterite after processing
with the help of ordinary hand magnet of about 0.01Tesla. Findings have shown that, the
high magnetization by ordinary hand magnet, with low strength and greater density of
Itakpe iron ore indicated that the ores have not been affected by titanium. Conversely, the
low magnetization by hand magnet with greater strength and lower density indicated that the
ores from cassiterite have been affected by titanium. In conclusion, the presence or absence
of titanium in an iron ore determines the types of magnetic separators used to separate the
ores, as well as their genetic rock origin, in which the amount of titanium in iron ore
increased from Basic, with ∆G = 0, e.g. basalt to more Acidic, with ∆G > 0, e.g. granite
which gives the account that oceanic basalt is more magnetic, denser, weaker strength than
the granite. After comparative analyses between Itakpe iron ores and cassiterite in Jos
Plateau state, using magnetism, strength, and density to appraise the iron ores according to
titanium to iron ratio, concise valuable substantive empirical novel models were developed
and can be employed to study iron ore. These concise empirical novel models were, “Matrix
equations,” Oxidation and the Titanization, as well as Periodic Table of an iron ore, and can
be recommended to study the effect of titanium on iron ores and the application can improve
mineral processing in extractive Industry.
Key Words: Periodic Table of an Iron Ore; Oxidation; Titanization; Magnetization;

Strength; Density.
PAPER ID 046
APPRAISAL OF HYDROCARBONS (ABIOGENIC OIL) USING

MATHEMATICAL MODELING APPROACH: KASSA VOLCANIC FIELD JOS
PLATEAU STATE (KVF)
ACHUENU, I., MALLO, S.J., JORO, J.

*
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
achuenuifeanyi4@gmail.com; ;09035057116
ABSTRACT
The possibility of finding petroleum hydrocarbons in sedimentation (sedimentary rock) or
magmatic hydrothermal (igneous origin) is a matter of probability. Mathematical modeling
approach is employed to appraise hydrocarbon petroleum using certain elements and rocks.
Methodologically, ten samples were collected at random at different points in Kassa
Volcanic Field (KVC). These samples were examined in thin section in University of Jos
Geology laboratory, using petrographic microscope both plane and crossed polarized light
and the minerals revealed were olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase and iron ore. Two kilograms
(2kg) of each of the samples were pulverized and subjected to chemical analysis using
inductively coupled plasma – Mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and revealed the following
major and trace elements such as
etc.in percentage and in part per million. Using set notation
approach to analyze these elements, three possibilities were made to trace the origin of
petroleum hydrocarbon whether it is a sedimentary origin (biogenic) or igneous origin
(abiogenic). These possibilities include; the sial consisting of silicon, aluminum, the Titi
consisting of tin and titanium as well as Niva, consisting Nickel and Vanadium. The
presence of the three possibilities in the crude oil could be as a result of infiltration of the
elements from the source igneous rocks into the crude oil during and after formation. If the
abiogenic origin using the three possibilities is considered, then drilling petroleum
hydrocarbons should be extended to igneous environment, especially the study area Kassa
Volcanic Field (KVF).
Keys words: Matrix equation, set notation, Polymerization reaction, Abiogenic oil
PAPER ID 047
ENHANCING THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYETHYLENE

TEREPHTHALATE (PET) FUNCTIONALIZED WITH MULTI-WALLED
CARBON NANOTUBES
*1E.B. ILIYA, 1O.K. SUMMONU, and 2R.E. GORGA
*Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
**Department Textile Engineering, Chemisry and Science (TECS), College of Textiles,
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
ABSTRACT
Polyester fabric (100%) was plasma treated using a capacitively coupled dielectric barrier
discharge (DBD) atmospheric plasma set-up. It was then functionalized by dyeing in
pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Miranol at different shades (0.1 - 6.0) % shade
(owf). Aniline was then polymerized within the fabric using Sulphuric acid and Potassium
peroxydisulphate at oxidant: monomer ratio 1.25 and LR 40:1. The polyester fabric became
electrically conductive at a percolation threshold between 1.0 – 2.5 % shade (owf) and from
then increased with increase in concentration of carbon nanotubes up to 5.5 – 6.0 % (5 x
10¯³ S/m), after which the fabric ceases to absorb more carbon nanotubes. After
polymerization, the percolation threshold reduced from 1.0 – 2.5 % to 0.5 – 1.0 % and the
electrical conductivity increased by 14 orders of magnitude. Comparing 1.0 % and 3.5 %,
the difference in conductivity was 680 orders of magnitude.
Key Words: Plasma; Carbon nanotubes; Monomer; Oxidant; Polymerization; Percolation

threshold; electrical conductivity.
PAPER ID 048
INFLUENCE OF POLYMER REPROCESSING CYCLES ON THE MECHANICAL

AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE
1
*ACHUKWU, E. O., 1ISMA’il, F. D., 2OWEN, M. M., and 3DANIEL, D.
1
Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering,
Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
2
Department of Polymer and Textile Technology,
Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
3
Department of Textile Technology, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology,
Zaria, Nigeria
*Correspondence: achukwuemmanuel@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
As recycled materials are increasingly used in design of structural components, it is
necessary to understand the effect of recycling on the properties and durability of these
materials. In this work, the effect of reprocessing cycles of recycled polypropylene (rPP) on
the mechanical and morphological properties were studied. To this end, rPP was subjected
to as many as 4 reprocessing cycles by extrusion and compression moulding techniques.
Mechanical and morphological characterization was conducted to evaluate any property
changes due to reprocessing. The obtained results showed that PP suffers progressive
degradation after repeated number of reprocessing cycles that significantly decreases the
failure stress. In general, the sample had lowest density (0.82 g/cm3) at the 4th cycle, the
maximum hardness value (48.9 Vickers) was at the 4th cycle, with decreasing flexural
strength ending at 20.95 MPa for the 4th reprocessing cycle. The mechanical reprocessing
likely induced scission of PP chains, which progressively led to: (i) a decrease in densities
of the PP, (ii) an increase in the hardness property iii), a decrease in the tensile and flexural
strength values. Moreover, the micrographs of tensile fractured surfaces further confirmed
the polymer deformation with dark patches for the last processing cycle. Therefore, recycled
PP from food packaging cannot be reused for the same product without the knowledge of
the mechanical properties and this will help in optimizing the recycling process for
obtaining the desired properties needed to correctly design recycled structural part.
Keywords: polymer reprocessing, recycled polypropylene, mechanical properties

PAPER ID 049
BILATERAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT, PROFILING AND CURVE

FITTING BETWEEN DIGITAL INFRARED AND THERMOCOUPLE
THERMOMETERS
1,2
AKINLUWADE, K. J., 1FAOLA, A. E., 1IBITOYE, F. P., 3ADESINA, O. S.,
2
ISADARE, D. A. and 1TAIWO, A. T.
1
Department of Research and Development, Prototype Engineering Development Institute
(PEDI), Ilesa
[National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure, NASENI]
2
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University, Kwara State.
ABSTRACT
The sensitivity of infrared and thermocouple thermometers was investigated using both
laboratory technique and polynomial fitting, a 1300 °C capacity thermocouple thermometer
and a 300 °C capacity digital infrared thermometer were used simultaneously to monitor the
variation of temperature with time at laboratory scale. The thermocouple was perpetually
inserted in a flask of water at room temperature, a heat source was applied to the flask which
mounted on a small gas stove to achieve a gradual rise in temperature as the water is boiling
while the infrared thermometer was clamped in a rigid position over the boiling water, the
data was further analysed using the Curve Fitting Toolbox of MATLAB, the results have
proved that the infrared thermometer responds faster to heat changes with time than
thermocouple thermometer.
Keywords: Infrared, thermocouple, Matlab, thermometer, polynomial
PAPER ID 050
LEACHING OF A NIGERIAN REFRACTORY GOLD ORE USING AQUA REGIA

*,1
TENIOLA, O.S., 2ADELEKE, A. A., 2IBITOYE, S. A., and 2SHITTU, M. D.
1
Department of Chemical and Minerals Resources Engineering, First Technical University,
Ibadan.
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, OAU, Ile-Ife.
e-mail: oluwasanmi_teni@yahoo.com; 08062450597
ABSTRACT
In this research, refractory gold ore from Imogbara deposit in Iperindo area of Osun state
Nigeria were collected systematically from various segments of the deposits at different
depths to obtain a set of samples that truly represent the deposits. The 50 kg sample
collected was subjected to panning in a flowing river to obtain about 1 kg upgraded sample.
The upgraded sample was air dried for few days, pulverized to pass through 300 µm sized
sieve and concentrated using shaking table. About 50 g of the gold concentrate was roasted
in a furnace operated at temperature of 850oc with a slightly opened door. Reflected light
and thin section microscopic observation of the ore sample was carried out. Samples of As-
received and roasted gold concentrate from 80 % passing 75 µm were leached in a single
stage leaching using 32 factorials at temperature of 90oC, with aqua regia prepared from HCl
and HNO3 concentration of 1M, 2M, and 4M, leaching time 30 min, 60 min and 90 min.
The leaching was done using an oven operated at 90oC and a magnetic stirrer operated at
300rpm at a temperature of 80oC. Leachates from combinations that gave the best leached
result were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Roasted sample leached
with high acid concentration of 4M and low time of leaching on a magnetic stirrer operated
at a speed of 300 rpm at temperature of 90oc gave the highest percentage of weight loss of
6.58 %. The AAS test carried out on the roasted sample leachate confirms gold
concentration of 2.2 g/t.
Keywords: Concentrate, leaching, panning, refractory gold, roasted
PAPER ID 051
FABRICATION OF SOLAR DEHYDRATORS: EFFECT OF SUNLIGHT/HEAT ON

FOOD DRYING: A MINI REVIEW
A. G. ADENIYI*1, J. O. IGHALO1, 2, C. A. ADEYANJU1 and S. OGUNNIYI1

1
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
*adeniyi.ag@unilorin.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
The effect of solar dehydration cannot be overemphasized on food preservation. More than
80% of fresh fruits and vegetables which are considered as highly perishable products is
moisture thus they are dried to enhance storage ability, minimize packaging requirements
and reduce transport weight. Over 70% of food is sun dried (open air drying) by exposing
them to direct radiation from the sun, this method exposes food to rodents, other
contamination and the heat removal is uneven. Thus there is a need to proffer a better way
of drying to curb these harmful effects which are detrimental to human health. Solar
dehydrator has been found a safer method of drying food/fruits and vegetables using the
recent time technology because the drying temperature can be controlled thus preserving the
useful nutritional content of the food. It was confirmed that 90% of the food dried using this
equipment are safe for human consumption. The effect of heat on food; materials,
equipment and parameters needed to locally fabricate a solar dehydrator and the gaps in
knowledge are stated in the work.
PAPER ID 052
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD AND ASSOCIATED

ELEMENTS IN IPERINDO, ILESHA SCHIST BELT, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
A. K. USMAN1,2*, O. O. OSINOWO2,3, S. O. ABDULRASHEED4, and A. A.

ABDELMALIK1
1
Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Kaduna, Nigeria
2
Pan African University, Earth and Life Sciences Institute, University of Ibadan, Ibadan,
Nigeria
3
Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
4
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Kaduna, Nigeria
*Corresponding author E-mail:akusman@abu.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
This study applied geochemical investigation technique to evaluate the gold mineralization
potential of Iperindo in Ilesha Schist Belt, southwestern Nigeria, where thriving artisanal
mining of the resource have been reported and commercial exploitation capable of
generating revenue and employment for the inhabitants has been challenged by lack /
inadequate subsurface geological/geophysical information.
Purposively collected nine soil samples and eleven stream sediments analyzed at the Bureau
Veritas Minerals Laboratories, Vancouver, Canada were used for geochemical mapping.
The generated geochemical data were processed using MS Excel and SPSS software
packages to generate different plots. The results revealed Au concentration ranges from 0.2
– 5.4 ppb with a mean of 1.36 ppb in soil samples and ranges from 0.4 – 3.1 ppb with a
mean of 1.2 ppb in stream sediments and the calculated background values for Au in both
soil samples and stream sediments for the study area were 1.3 ppb each. The maximum Au
contents recorded in the analyzed soil and stream sediments were observed to have higher
values than the computed statistical threshold values used for discriminating background
from Au anomalies in the study area as well as the strongly positive correlation with Arsenic
(As), a pathfinder element for Au, suggests Au anomalous concentration in the study area.
This high gold concentration could be attributed to the occurrence of conductive material
such as gold and associated base metals which probably exist in pegmatitic veins in the
study area.
Keywords: Gold Mineralization, high conductivity Zones, Vertical Faults, Pegmatitic Veins,
Iperindo.
PAPER ID 053
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT USING POLYPROPYLENE FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
1
*GIWA, A., 2IBRAHIM, H. D., 1BUKHARI, M. M., 1ILIYA, E. B., 1AMEURU, U. S.,
3
SULEIMAN, A. M., 2KWAYA, E. I., 2MUSTAPHA, A., 2ADUAGBA, N. O.,
1
SULEIMAN, M., 1MUSA, A. B., and 2MIKALI, M. S.
1
*Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
2
Raw Materials Research and Development Council, Abuja, Nigeria
3
Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu
Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
*agiwa@abu.edu.ng; 08037033052
ABSTRACT
The current prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic has led to the urgent need for mass
production of several effective personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect not only the
healthcare workers (HCWs) but also patients and visitors. Personal protective equipment,
such as Medical masks, face shields, respirators, helmets, goggles, gloves, safety shoes and
safety glasses, are often very effective in the prevention of exposure/impact to biological
agents, chemicals, hot particles and radiation. In addition, the PPE lessen the severity when
an exposure or an impact takes place. Undoubtedly, the global spread of the COVID-19
pandemic warrant universal precautions to slow the rate of infection. The unexpected
volume of sick patients with COVID-19 has depleted the PPE supply chain, in addition to
other life-saving health care resources. This review will cover the technical details of the
PPE raw materials, Machine design and fabrication and also the production of the PPE and
testing methods for the efficiency of the materials produced.
Keywords: COVID-19, PPE, Polypropylene, Melt bowing machine, Non-woven fabrics.
PAPER ID 054
EVALUATION OF ABRASION, BIOCOMPATIBILITY AN DEGRADATION

BEHAVIOR OF POLYPROPYLENE/SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH
PARTICULATE COMPOSITES FOR DENTAL APPLICATION
R. M. DODO1, I. I. ABUBAKAR2, K. A. BELLO3, F. ASUKE, I. ABDULLAHI, and

M. SHAMSU
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University,
Zaria, Nigeria
rdmamuda@abu.edu.ng, iiabubakar@abu.edu.ng; bellkam@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
This study reports abrasion, biocompatibility and degradation behavior of Polypropylene

(PP)/Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Particulate (SBAP) composites for possible application as
dental implant materials. PP composites prepared with varying weight per cent of SBAP
ranging from 10 – 50 wt% at regular interval of 10. Hardness test and wear analysis were
conducted. Degradation test was performed using different media, namely artificial human
saliva (AHS), artificial human saliva with sodium floride (ASSF) and Hank’s balanced salt
solution (HBSS). Biocompatibility test was conducted using different sex of rats by varying
dose injected into their mouth. Results reveal an increase in hardness values and wear
resistance with the filler loading. Additionally, the degradation rate of the composites
decreases averagely with the filler addition. It was deduced from the results the composites
are biocompatible and non-toxic. Therefore, PP/SBAP composites would be compatible to
human body. Hence, the composites could be recommended to be used as dental restorative
materials.
Keywords: dental implant, Sugarcane bagasse ash particulate (SBAP), wear rate,
degradation, Polypropylene (PP), biocompatibility.
PAPER ID 055
TREATMENT OF A NIGERIAN BIOTITE-RICH KAOLINITE ORE BY

SULPHURIC ACID SOLUTION
A. A. BABA1*, M. A. RAJI1*, and A. Y. ABDULKAREEM1,2,

1
Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin-240003,
Nigeria.
2
National Mathematical Centre, Sheda-Kwali, P.M.B 118, Abuja, Nigeria.
* mustaphaadekunle48@gmail.com; baalafara@yahoo.com, alafara@unilorin.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
The significant rise in demanding for pure aluminum and aluminum compounds of
industrial value addition from kaolinite ore cannot be over-emphasized. Thus, with wide
array of industrial applications in paper filling, refractories, porcelain, adsorbent, catalysis,
rubber and paint additives, possible improvement of whiteness and brightness properties of
a Nigerian Biotite-rich Kaolinite ore was investigated in sulphuric acid media. During
leaching investigations, parameters such as reaction temperature, leachant concentration,
and particle size on the extent of ore dissolution were examined. At optimal leaching
conditions (2.5 mol/L H2SO4, 75 °C, 0.09 µm), 85.1% of the initial 10 g/L ore reacted
within 120 minutes. The dissolution curves from the shrinking core model were analyzed
and found to conform to the proposed surface diffusion reaction, as the activation energy
was calculated to be 24.9 kJ/mol. The unreacted product (~24.9%) analyzed by XRD was
found to contain siliceous impurities (MnSiO3: 45-209-1788) which could serve as a viable
material for some defined indigenous industries.
PAPER ID 056
COMPACT CPW TRANSMISSION LINES DESIGN APPROACH USING 3D

MMICs TECHNOLOGY IN ADS MOMENTUM
H. BELLO1, and Z.M HAMDANA2

1
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University,
Zaria, Nigeria
2
Center of Renewable Energy Research, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina
koachila@yahoo.com , 07036667227
ABSTRACT
Two dimensional monolithic microwave integrated circuits (2D MMIC) is associated with
some disadvantages ranging from the use of very thin substrate which makes it less reliable,
to very delicate substrate due to the use of via-hole technology, coupling issue and high cost
due to large area it occupies. To solve these problems a three-dimensional multilayer
technique 3D MMIC was used. The design of the 3D MMIC is based on coplanar
waveguide (CPW), in these designs, the signal is protected by the two grounds on both
sides, the circuit becomes more compact, cost-effective and with improved performance.
This research work was aimed at the design, modelling and investigation of a GaAs based
multilayer compact 3D MMIC transmission line. Different transmission line was designed
and modelled using Agilent’s Advanced Design System (ADS) and their S-parameters were
extracted using Electromagnetic (EM) simulator momentum. The research work in this
report described the characterisation, performance and design of newly developed CPW
transmission lines which include the V-shaped and the overlapped transmission lines which
could have low loss, relatively compact (miniaturized) and has wide range of characteristics
impedance for different applications.
PAPER ID 057
SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CU-DOPED AG/PVK

NANOCOMPOSITES
ADEGBITE, P. I. and B. BABATOPE
Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife.
peaceadegbite1@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Nanocomposites of silver and copper doped silver poly (N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) have
been synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole
monomer containing silver and copper doped silver respectively. Ferric chloride was used as
oxidizing agent. The weight percentage of the metal nanoparticles in the polymer was 5%
and the weight percentage of the dopant - copper nanoparticle in the silver nanoparticle
varied from 20% to 40%. The optical properties of the Ag and Cu-doped Ag PVK
nanocomposites were assessed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the optical band gaps were
estimated. The optical band gap of the nanocomposites was observed to change only slightly
compared to pure PVK. They are wide band gap semiconductors.
PAPER ID 058
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF CO ADSORPTION POTENTIAL OF MgO, SiO2,
Al2O3, and Y2O3 USING A SEMIEMPIRICAL QUANTUM CALCULATION
METHOD
A. OYEGOKE1 J. J. OLUSANYA1 and T. OYEGOKE2*

1
Chemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria;
2
Chemical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: OyegokeToyese@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Air pollution has been a vital subject attracting experts' attention to ways this can be
minimized as they called for global warming dues to release these poisonous gases that are
friendly to our health. Bulk the discharged gases are traced to the use of fossil fuel and the
burning of biomass, which pollutes our environment by the emission of carbon monoxide
(CO) to the atmosphere, which has been said to be a dangerous air pollutant with adverse
effects on man and its environment. As a way for devising a solution for the better
management of air pollution, this study computationally screen and evaluate the CO
adsorption potential of different selected metallic oxides, MgO, SiO2, Al2O3 and Y2O3which
could be used as an active agent for CO capture and sensation as an adsorbent with the aid
of a molecular modeling application called Spartan. The Lewis acidity of the cluster’s
adsorption sites was equally evaluated using ammonia as a basic molecular probe. Findings
from the study reveal that the site acidity has a direct relation to adsorption strength. The
study indicates the metal site of the various clusters were generally more acidic compared to
oxygen sites. Moreover, the MgO was found to be of higher acidity, lesser stability, and
better adsorption potential for CO compare to the other metal oxide considered. Thus, MgO
would be more promising for the CO adsorption based on the findings from this study.
Keywords: Adsorption, Pollution, Carbon Capture, Adsorbent, Binding Energy, Lewis Acidity.
PAPER ID 059
CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME SELECTED SILICA SAND DEPOSITS IN

SOUTH WEST NIGERIA FOR SAND MOULDING IN FOUNDRY INDUSTRY
*1
OMOTAJO, A. A., 1OMOTOLA, T. E., 1OLAWALE, J. O., 1ISADARE, D. A.,
1
ADETUNJI, A. R., 2ADEKOYA, O., and 3O. ADEYEMI
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, OAU, Ile-Ife, Osun-state, Nigeria.
2
Boulos Enterprises Limited, Ogba Industrial Scheme, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
3
Midwal Engineering Services Limited, Eleganza Mall, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: omotajoadewole@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This study determined the clay content, chemical composition, grain fineness number,
distribution and shape of some selected silica sand deposits in south west Nigeria. This is
with a view to document the silica sand deposits in Nigeria for sand moulding in the foundry
industry. The silica sand deposits were collected from four river bed deposits in Igbokoda
(Ondo State), Ote (Ogun State), Opa (Osun State), and Osooro (Oyo State), respectively.
The clay content of sand samples from these deposits were determined using washing off
method; grain fineness number and distribution were evaluated using sieve analysis; grain
shapes were observed using magnifying lens; chemical compositions were characterized by
x-ray fluorescence; and the phases were characterized by x-ray diffractometer. The results
showed that the clay content for samples taken from Igbokoda, Ote, Opa, Osooro are 2.18%,
2.40%, 3.44%, 6.96% respectively. The average grain fineness number of 48.23, 53.74,
61.82, and 68.48 were obtained for samples taken from Igbokoda, Ote, Opa and Osooro
respectively. All the silica sand from the study area has a mixed of angular and sub-angular
grain shapes. X-ray diffraction and fluorescence result showed quartz as the most prominent
mineral in the selected sand deposits with silica contents of 83.14%, 80.56%, 86.46% and
82.71% for Igbokoda, Ote, Opa, and Osooro respectively. From the outcome of this study, it
was concluded that all the silica sand deposit in the study area are grade D.
Keywords: Silica Sand; Clay; Grain Fineness; Grain Shape; Quartz; X-Ray Diffraction
PAPER ID 060
FAILURE ANALYSIS OF A GASOLINE ENGINE CRANKSHAFT

B. T. ADEYEMO, J. O. OLAWALE, and D. A. ISADARE
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, OAU, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
adeyemobarnabasoluwatimilehin@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This study conducted preliminary investigation, mechanical test, chemical analysis,
metallographic analysis and fractographic examination of a failed GX-160 crankshaft. This
is with a view to determine the cause of its failure. Preliminary investigation was conducted
on the failed crankshaft by obtaining the documentary evidence, checking through the
maintenance history, and studying the fractured surface. Hardness and tensile tests were
conducted to determine the crankshaft’s mechanical properties and its chemical composition
was analyzed using spectroscopy. The internal structure of the failed crankshaft was studied
by metallographic analysis. Fractographic examination was conducted at macro level via
visual inspection, and at micro level with the aid of a Scanning Electron Microscope.
Preliminary investigation showed that the replacement of lubrication oil was often done
after about 170-180 working hours of the engine as against 52 working hours in design
specifications. The hardness value (247.4 HB) and tensile strength (836.2 MPa) conformed
to A983M-06 Class 4 hardness and tensile requirements for crankshafts. Chemical analysis
revealed that it conformed to ASTM A536 grade 65-45-12. Metallographic analysis showed
the presence of graphite nodules within the matrix of ferrite, thus revealing that the
crankshaft was produced from ductile iron. The macrofractograph showed shiny facets in
the fractured region, while the microfractograph showed striations, which are indications of
failure by fatigue mode. This research revealed that the mode of failure of the crankshaft is
by fatigue. The root cause of the failure is improper maintenance. Irregular lubrication of the
engine enhanced friction in the moving parts in contact, leading into heat generation and
further resulted into crack initiation on the crankshaft which under cyclic loading continued
to propagate and failed prematurely.
PAPER ID 061
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM NEEM SEED OIL: CATALYST SYNTHESIS,

EFFECT OF TIME, AND TEMPERATURE ON BIODIESEL YIELD
I. K. AJADI, T. OYEGOKE, G. T. TONGSHUIWAR, H. A. ABUBAKAR, O.

FASANYA, and A. O. OJETUNDE
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
2
Biochemistry Department, Federal University Dutsinma, Nigeria.
3
National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Zaria, Nigeria.
4
Physiology Dept, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: OyegokeToyese@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This study explores the use of mixed-oxide (CaO-MgO) catalysts in biodiesel production
from neem seed oil and assessing the effect of time and temperature on biodiesel yield.
(CaO-MgO) obtained from synthesis for the 75% CaO 25% MgO formulation was
characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. The catalyst characterization
indicated the presence of microparticles with an atomic concentration of Ca (80%), Mg (9),
and O (10%). Esterification of the neem seed oil gave a free fatty acid value of 1.6% from
20.035% by two-step esterification processes. The transesterification reaction temperature
was varied from 50oC to 80oC. 12g of the pretreated oil was heated to 50oC and 6:1g
methanol to oil ratio with 1% w/w of the catalyst. The stirring speed was kept at 500rpm.
The process was repeated at 60-80oC, and time was varied from 50-70min for each
temperature, leaving other parameters constant. For this study, an increase in temperature
beyond the boiling point of methanol resulted in a decreased yield when left for a longer
time. The highest yield of 96.4% was obtained at 70oC temperature, 60min, 500rpm, 6:1g-
methanol-to-oil-ratio, and 1% w/w catalyst. This study shows that an increase in
temperature increased the rate of transesterification, which reduced the reaction time
required for biodiesel production. The findings obtained from this study would improve the
biorefinery potential of complementing or substituting the current petrol-diesel.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Neem seed oil, Effect, Catalyst synthesis, Time, Temperature
PAPER ID 062
DETERMINATION OF THE SUITABILITY OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE

ALUMINIUM SCRAP FOR PRODUCTION OF MOTORCYCLE BRAKE SHOE
1
*ADEYEMI S. S., 1SOGBESAN, O. A., 1ADETUNJI, A. R., 1ISADARE, D. A.,
OLAWALE, J. O., 2ADEKOYA, O., and 3ADEYEMO, O.
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife,
Osun State, Nigeria.
2
Boulos Enterprises Limited, Ogba Industrial Scheme, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
3
Midwal Engineering Services Limited, Eleganza Mall, Ikota, Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: ade.shola27@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Aluminum scraps were obtained from two local aluminum companies and were
characterized via chemical analysis with positive material identification machine, tensile test
with Instron 300DX, hardness test with Wolpert Wilson instrument MLIE/TL/003, and
fatigue test with Mitsubishi A200. The results were compared with the composition and
properties of aluminium 360, 380, 383, and B390 standards selected from previous research.
Appropriate master alloy was selected based on the chemical composition of the metal to be
obtained, chemical composition of the scrap to be charged and oxidation of elements during
the process of melting. Appropriate quantities of charge required was calculated
analytically. The results obtained shows that the scraps conformed to the 6xxx series of
aluminium alloy and the mechanical properties (hardness, fatigue, ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength and percentage elongation) of the scraps has a lesser value when compared
with aluminum 360, 380, 383, and B390 standards. The local scraps were not suitable for
the production of motorcycle brake shoe and therefore requires some quantities of Al - Si 50
and Al – Cu 33 to meet up with aluminum 360, 380, 383 and B390 standards selected for
brake shoe production.
Keywords: Aluminium, Scraps, B390, Fatigue, Brake Shoe
PAPER ID 063
INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS FOR ECONOMIC

DIVERSIFICATION: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION
1
URANTA, C. A., 2EVEREST O. K., 3 URANTA, C.J.D., 4NDIOKWERE, G. C.,
4
OBOMANU, C. A.
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Rivers State University, Nkpolu, Orowurokwu, Portharcourt, Rivers State
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering,
Federal Polytechnic, Ukana, Akwa-Ibom State
3
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering,
4
Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, School of Engineering,
Emails:urantacharlesatemie@yahoo.com; kekeeverest@gmail.com;
obomanucecilia@hotmail.com; chiomandiokwere@gmail.com;
obomanucecilia@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
The phrase “Materials is everything and everything is materials”, is no less true for either
the Materials engineer, the Industrial Microbiologist, the Petroleum/Chemical engineer or
the Mechanical engineer. It tends to take on a deeper meaning when considered from the
perspective of materials as a constituent of the physical universe and a necessity in
engineering practice or education. The research work builds upon the latter, considering the
numbers of institutions of higher learning (Universities) that accords the study of both
Materials Science and Engineering its proper significance in the innovative development of
materials to aid the economic diversification of the Nation. Using Comparative Analysis as
Methodology, a premium statistical analytic software known as SPSS is utilized in the
analysis of the research data. The research findings shows that of the approximately one
hundred and fourteen (114) accredited universities offering engineering based education,
only eleven-point-four percent (11.4%) offers material science and engineering as a
specialized form of engineering education. This implies that the usage of innovatively
developed materials as a means for economic diversification is truncated mainly due to, the
unavailability of the necessary engineering education based knowledge. The research work
proffers some obvious and unorthodoxly viable solutions that is geared towards national
greatness through materials science and engineering.
Keywords: SPSS, Comparative Analysis, Economic Diversification.
PAPER ID 064
MORPHOLOGY AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBROUS EXPANDED

POLYSTYRENE (EPS)/ CARBON BASED FILLERS NANOCOMPOSITES
1,2
OKPARAOCHA, F. J., 2IPEAIYEDA, A., 3ALAYANDE, S.O.
1
Department of Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan,
Nigeria.
2
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
.3First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
Corresponding author: funmiokparaocha@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Polymer nanocomposites are gaining popularity in recent times because of their huge
potentials in many fields of applications. In this study, nanofiber composite of synthesized
reduced graphene oxide (RGO); and expanded polystyrene (EPS); a recycled polymer,
produced by solution mixing and electrospinning was investigated for its functional
properties. Analytical instrument such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, and RAMAN were used to
study the morphology of the synthesized RGO and nanofiber composite. Electrical, thermal,
and mechanical properties of EPS/RGO composite were also investigated and compared
with that of EPS/Carbon Black composite. A significant drop in resistivity at a very low
filler loading of RGO with percolation threshold of 0.07 wt. % was recorded for EPS/RGO
at conductivity value of 0.132 x 10-4S/cm. Drastic improvement in thermal stability and
Young’s Modulus were also observed at very low loading of RGO as compared with Carbon
black.
Keywords: Nanofiber composites, recycled polymer, functional properties, percolation

threshold.
PAPER ID 065
EFFECTS OF COATING THERMAL DECOMPOSITION AND PROCESS

PARAMETERS ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF Al-Si-Cu ALLOY CASTINGS
H.A. OWOLABI, B.V. OMIDIJI

Department of Mechanical Engineering
*E-mail of Corresponding Author: howolabi@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Aluminium alloy is a peculiar non-ferrous metal which finds its use in engineering because
of its light weight, excellent strength, and good casting characteristics. This paper presents
the influence of thermal decomposition of refractory coatings, and other process parameters
on the mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu alloy casting. The process parameters were
combined at three levels by using Taguchi design of experiment approach. Decomposition
temperatures of developed coatings were obtained by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)
using Perkin elmer TG4000, controlled by pyris software. Aluminium alloy castings were
produced in nine experimental runs, based on combinations of process parameters and their
levels, and specimens for tensile test were machined from castings produced. Then tensile
tests were carried out using Instron universal strength testing machine. Results obtained
from analysis of tensile properties showed that pouring temperature and grain fineness
number were significant factors that affected the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of castings
produced. Decomposition temperature and grain fineness number (GFN) were significant on
percentage reduction in area (%RA). Also, decomposition and pouring temperatures were
significant on modulus of elasticity. Response surface plots revealed maximum UTS of 123
MPa at GFN of 67 and a pouring temperature of 620oC; maximum %RA of 38 at GFN of 67
and decomposition temperature of 730oC; and maximum MOE of 168 GPa at pouring
temperature of 700oC and decomposition temperature of 620oC. The paper recommends the
use of range of parameters that are significant in the production of Al-Si-Cu alloy castings
based on the tensile property required for a particular application.
Key words: Aluminium alloy, thermal decomposition, process parameters, casting, tensile
property.
PAPER ID 066
EFFECTS OF INGATE TYPES ON SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

CAST ALUMINIUM 6063 ALLOY
SHITTU M. D., OWOLABI B. M., IBITOYE S. A., OLAWALE J. O.

Corresponding author: +2348032897799, mdshi2000@yahoo.com; mdshittu@oauife.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
This study examined the effects of inner-gate (ingate) types on some mechanical properties
of a cast aluminium 6063 (Al-Mg-Si) alloy. In this work, rods of aluminium 6063 alloy
were cast using top gating, bottom gating and parting line gating designs. Ingot of 6063
aluminium alloy was melted using crucible furnace and poured into already prepared sand
moulds. The casting from each gating system design was machined and tested for tensile,
hardness and impact energy. The results from the tensile test revealed strength of 133.29,
122. 46 and 101.26 MPa for bottom gating, parting line gating and top gating respectively.
Also, the results from the hardness test gave 61.25, 43.25 and 36.25 BHN for bottom gating,
parting line gating and top gating respectively while impact test revealed that castings from
top gating, parting line gating and bottom gating systems gave impact energy of 38.800,
36.108 and 34.476 Joules respectively. The study showed that the bottom gating system
design produces casting of high tensile and hardness strength but least impact strength,
followed by castings from parting line gating system while castings from top gating system
produced castings of low tensile and hardness strength but hight impact energy. Therefore,
bottom gating design is recommended for use in applications that require high values of
tensile strength and hardness while top gating design is recommended for use in applications
that require high impact energy.
Keywords: Crucible furnace, Gating system, Ingate, Tensile Strength, Impact energy
THE EFFECT OF DIFFUSION ANNEALING AND NORMALIZING ON GASEOUS

CONTENTS AND TENSILE PROPERTIES OF WIRE ROD
ADEDOJA1,*, A. O., ISADARE1, D. A, ADESINA2, O. S, AKINLUWADE2, K. J.,

IGE1, O. O., DANIYAN1, A. A., OROGUN1, J. O. and ALO1 , F. I.
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State
3
Department of Research and Development, Prototype Engineering Development Institute,
Ilesa Osun State, Nigeria
*
Corresponding Author: portablemercy004@yahoo.com (Tel: +2347060715608)
ABSTRACT
This paper investigated the influence of diffusion annealing and normalizing on gaseous
contents and tensile properties of steel wire rod with a view of improving its strength and
ductility for subsequent drawing operations, and ultimately, to replace the expensive and
toxic patenting heat treatment of wire rod with a less expensive and eco-friendly
normalizing heat treatment. Standard tensile samples were subjected to diffusion annealing
heat treatment at 1000 oC, soaked for 1 hour, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours and then cooled inside the
furnace to room temperature. Another set of these samples were normalized at 950 oC,
soaked for 1 hour, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours and then air cooled to room temperature. The heat
treated samples above were subjected to gaseous content analysis with the aid of LECO
ON732 Analyzer, tensile test with instron electromechanical testing machine in accordance
with BSEN 10002-1 Standard. Optical microscopy imaging was also carried out. Diffusion
annealing and normalizing heat treatments improved the tensile properties of the treated
wire rod samples. With diffusion annealing, the ductility as indicated by percentage
elongation and reduction in area, increases with soaking time with corresponding decrease
in yield and tensile strengths. In the case of normalizing, there was an optimum
improvement in ductility, yield and ultimate tensile strengths, simultaneously. The gaseous
contents of diffusion annealed and normalized samples decreases with soaking time across
board. The morphology of the grains and constituents’ phases in the microstructure of
normalized samples showed grain refinement as compared with as-received microstructure.
It can be concluded that diffusion annealing and normalizing heat treatments can be used to
reduce gaseous contents and improve the drawing characteristics of steel wire rods.
Key Words: Diffusion, annealing, normalizing, patenting, eco-friendly

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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS

Venue: Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

DAY 1 (Monday, 7th December, 2020)

5.00 p.m. NEB meeting

DAY 2 (Tuesday, 8th December, 2020) - Opening Ceremony

1.30 – 2.00 pm Plenary Lecture 1: Interfacial Modification in Nanocomposites to Tailor

Umar Etsu Shehu; Azhari Samsu Akinbola Boladale Akindiya, I. O,

Akinbola, B.W., Aiyesanmi, Ikenna B. Onyeachu, Abel

Achuenu, I., Mallo, S.J., and Ojo Oyewale Julius

Achuenu, I., Mallo,S.J., and

10:50 – ASSESSMENT OF SESAME LEACHING INVESTIGATING THE

11:10 - COMPARATIVE EVALUATION PARTICLE SIZE EVALUATION OF

11:20 - DEVELOPMENT AND LEACHING OF A COMPACT CPW

11.30 – Break/Messages from Conference Sponsors

Technical GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C

F. J. Okparaocha Oyegoke Ademola Jacob

1:50 – 2:00 EFFECT OF COAL BOTTOM CHARACTERIZATION

Adeyemi & Sogbesan

THURSDAY 10 DECEMBER 2020: DEPARTURE

DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT-FUNTIONALIZED ZEOLITE-A FOR CARBON

THE HARDNESS PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT WOOD MATERIALS FOR

ARAMIDE T. M, ALO F. I. and OLUYAMO S. S.

Key words: Wood materials, hardness, particle size, voids

KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF FREE FATTY ACID ACCUMULATION IN

U. E. SHEHU, A. S. BAHARUDDIN, N. M. NAWI, . and M. N. MOKTAR

E-mail addresses: suetsu@kadunapolytechnic.edu.ng; azharis@upm.edu.my

OLADERIN K., KUYE S. I., ADETUNJI O. R. and V. O. MAKINDE

INVESTIGATION INTO THE BATING POTENTIAL OF MUSA accuminata

B. Habila, A. Audu, M. B. Babangida, A. S. Tachye, N. B., Shekarri, Igbehinadun O.

Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology P M B 1034 Samaru Zaria

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF A KAOLINITE ORE FOR

A. S. IBRAHIM1*, A. A. BABA1, D. T. OLAOLUWA1, D. P. FAPOJUWO2, S.

*Correspondence author: herbdul@yahoo.com

Keywords: Kaolinite ore; Rosin-Rammler (RR); Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann (GGS); mean

AKINBOLA, B. W.1*, ALO, F. I.2, ADEBAYO ALBERT O3

Keywords: Ni(II) adsorption, Duolite A7, FT-IR.

AKINBOLA B. W1*, ALO F.I.2, ADEBAYO, A3

EVALUATION OF SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATER QUALITY IN THE

AKINBOLA, B.W.1, AIYESANMI, A.F.2, ALO, F.I.3

SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF UNDOPED AND

Adetoye, B. O., 1Okelola, O. Z., 1Turoti, O. and *Babatope, B.

Department of Physics and Engineering Physics,

Keywords: Conducting polymers; Nanoparticles; Interfacial polymerisation;

THE RE-IMAGINATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL POWER: A GLOBAL

A REVIEW OF LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN A POWER

Z. Hamdana1, and H. Bello2

A power system, in most cases, is a complex interconnection of electrical power

Keywords: Loaf Frequency Control (LFC), Power System, Interconnected System

EFFECT OF COAL BOTTOM ASH AS MINERAL FILLER ON PROPERTIES OF

A. MOHAMMED, *I. ALIYU, T. A SULAIMAN, H. A. UMAR, and Y. JUBRIL

Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

* Corresponding author’s email address: ibrahimaliyu67@yahoo.com

ASSESSMENT OF SESAME STRAW ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF

SULAIMAN, T. A., MOHAMMED A., ALIYU, I., JA’E, I. A, and WADA S. A.

Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

* Corresponding author’s email address: ibrahimaliyu67@yahoo.com

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE STORAGE AND EFFECTIVE MODULI

THE STABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF Terminalia catappa. L DYE-

A. O. BOYO1, B. A. IDOWU1, R. O. KESINRO2, and A. T. AKINWUNMI1

TAGUCHI OPTIMIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCTION FROM

MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF