LAKSHMIPATHY

DEN/Works/MAS

SEWERAGE

SRCETC/TBM
 SEWAGE DISPOSAL

SEWAGE: Sewage may be defined as the

used water or liquid waste of the community
which includes human and house hold
wastes, industrial waste and storm water.

SRCETC/TBM
 CLASIFICATION OF
SEWAGE SYSTEM
Separate system: The domestic sewage
and industrial waste are carried in one set
of sewer, where the storm water is
carried in the another set of sewer.
Combined system: The same sewer is
intended to carry both the domestic
sewer, industrial waste as well as the
surface and the storm water flow.
SRCETC/TBM
CHOICE OF MATERIAL FOR
SEWERS
For all sewers and drains in all soils
except where supports are required.
SALT GLAZED STONEWARE PIPES:
They are particularly suitable where
acid effluents or acid sub soil condition
are likely to be encountered.

SRCETC/TBM
CEMENT CONCRETE PIPES
These can be used as an alternative to
S.W.pipes of over 150mm dia.
Not to be used to carry acid effluent
CAST IORN PIPES:
These pipes shall be used in unstable or
made up grounds where sewer line laid
at insufficient depth.
Where pipes are suspended
Suitable where velocity of flow is more
than 2.4 m/second
SRCETC/TBM
 ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPES:
Commonly used for house drainage system
Not recommended for underground system
Not suitable to carry acid effluents
PVC PIPES:
Unplasticised PVC pipes may be used for
drainage purposes.

SRCETC/TBM
 Self Cleaning Velocity.
The velocity that would not permit the solids
to settled down and which will even scour
the deposited particles of a given size.
Normally a minimum of 1m/second and
maximum of 2m/sec.are allowed.
On steep slopes one or more drop manholes
may be provided.

SRCETC/TBM
 INVERT LEVEL
Invert is the lowest point of the interior of a
sever or drain at any cross section.
Manhole: It is a masonry chamber provided
at the junction of two underground sewer
lines or at a change of direction to facilitate
inspection and clearing of any obstruction.
SCUM: The greasy and other substances
floating on surface of the sewer.

SRCETC/TBM
 SPACING OF MANHOLE

Sewer dia. Spacing

Up to 300mm 45m

301mm to 500mm 75m

501mm to 900mm 90m

SRCETC/TBM
 Depth of flow
From consideration of Ventilation, severs should
not be designed to run full.
up to 400mm dia, sewer may be designed to run
at half depth,
400mm to 900mm dia. at two third depth and
larger sewer at three fourth depth at ultimate
peak flow.

SRCETC/TBM
 Gradient of Sewer Lines
Normally the sewer shall be designed for
discharging three times the dry weather
flow, flowing half full with a minimum self
cleaning velocity of 1m per sec. The
approximate gradient which give this
velocity for the size of sewer pipes
commonly used in the building.

SRCETC/TBM
Dia Minimum gradient Maximum gradient
mm Gradient discharge Gradient discharge
cum/min cum/min
100 1 in 57 0.18 1 in 5.60 0.59
150 1 in 100 0.42 1 in 9.70 1.32
200 1 in 145 0.73 1 in 14 2.40
230 1 in 175 0.93 1 in 17 2.98
250 1 in 195 1.10 1 in 19 3.60
300 1 in 250 1.70 1 in 24.5 5.30

SRCETC/TBM
Where it is not practicable to provide
minimum gradient indicated in table, a
flatter gradient may be adopted but the
minimum velocity in such case should
not be less than the 0.60m per sec.

SRCETC/TBM
Under a road way minimum cushion
of 900mm is recommended.
For all dia. Up to an average depth of
1200 mm, width of trench shall be
equal to dia of pipe plus 300mm
For all dia. For a depth above
1200 mm, width of trench shall be
equal to dia of pipe plus 400mm

SRCETC/TBM
Testing of Joints: SW pipes used for
sewer lines shall be subjected to a test
pressure of 2.50m head of water at a
highest point of the section under test.
The test shall be carried out by suitably
plugging the lowest end of the sever and
filling the system with water. A knuckle
bend shall be temporarily joined in at the
top end and a sufficient length of vertical
pipe jointed to it so as to provide the
required head.
SRCETC/TBM
 Design of Septic Tank.
1.It is a primary sedimentation tank cum
digestion tank.
2.Anaaerobic digestion of the settled
sludge occurs in its bottom zone.
3.The supernatant liquid has to under go
treatment in a soak pit or filter bed.
4.The effluent from the septic tank is
hazardous from point of view of health
and pollution.
SRCETC/TBM
5.Intervel of cleaning should not normally
exceed 12 months.
6.Detention time of 24 to 48 hrs for tanks
serving less than 50 persons and a
period of 10 to 18 hrs for tank serving
for more than 50 persons.

SRCETC/TBM
Design a septic tank for a colony of 50
quarters with soak pit. Assume
necessary datas.
Given No of Qrs = 50
No.of persons = 50X5 = 250 Nos.
(Assuming 5 persons in family)
Supply of water per person = 200 lits
80% of water will come back as sewage.
Total water supply = 250X200=50,000lits
80% of total water supply = 40,000 lits
SRCETC/TBM
Assumed detention time is 12 hrs
Cleaning period of septic tank is taken as
12 months.
Capacity required for 12 hrs detention
4000X12/24 = 20000lits
Sludge accumulation for 12 months
250X30=7500
(Sludge deposit will be 30lits/person/1 year
Total capacity required = 27500lits
27.50cum
SRCETC/TBM
Take depth of septic tank = 1.50m
surface area of the septic tank
=27500/1.5 = 18.33sqm
Assume L:B = 3:1
Surface area = 3B X B = 18.33
B = 2.47m
say Breath = 2.50m
Length = 7.50m
Depth (1.50+0.50)= 2.00m
( Free board 0.5m)
SRCETC/TBM
Soak pit:
For disposal of soak pit , the under ground
soil should be highly porous with percolation
rate not exceeding 30min.
Effluent from septic tank = 40000lits/day
assume percolation rate is 1250 lit/cum/day
Volume of soak well =40000/1250=32cum
depth of soak well is taken as 3.00m
Area of soak pit well required
=32/3=10.67sqm
SRCETC/TBM
Dia of well = 22/7 XDxD/4=10.67
D=3.68
say 3.75m
Provide soak pit of D=3.75m
Depth of soak pit =3.00m

SRCETC/TBM
THANK YOU

SRCETC/TBM