CONTENTS

Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................................   xi
Preface.............................................................................................................................................   xiii
Nomenclature...................................................................................................................................   xv

Chapter 1
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................   1
1.1 Scope of Pipe Stress Analysis...................................................................................................   2
1.2 Piping Components and Connecting Equipment.....................................................................   4
1.3 Modes of Failure......................................................................................................................   9
1.3.1 Static Stress Rupture.....................................................................................................   9
1.3.2 Fatigue Failure............................................................................................................   12
1.3.3 Creep Rupture............................................................................................................   14
1.3.4 Stability Failure...........................................................................................................   17
1.3.5 Miscellaneous Modes of Failure.................................................................................   18
1.4 Piping Codes..........................................................................................................................   19
1.5 Industry Practice....................................................................................................................   22
1.5.1 Load Cases..................................................................................................................   23
1.5.2 Local Support Stresses................................................................................................   24
1.5.3 Local Thermal Stresses...............................................................................................   24
1.5.4 Pressure Effect on Flexibility......................................................................................   25
1.5.5 Stress Intensification for Sustained Loads..................................................................   25
1.5.6 Support Friction.........................................................................................................   25
1.5.7 Guide and Stop Gaps..................................................................................................   26
1.5.8 Anchor and Restraint Stiffness...................................................................................   26
1.5.9 Small Piping................................................................................................................   26
1.6 Design Specification..............................................................................................................   26
1.6.1 Owner’s Design Specification.....................................................................................   26
1.6.2 Project Specification...................................................................................................   28
1.7 Plant Walk-down...................................................................................................................   30

Chapter 2
Strength of Materials Basics.............................................................................................................   33
2.1 Tensile Strength.....................................................................................................................   33
2.1.1 Modulus of Elasticity..................................................................................................   34
2.1.2 Proportional Limit......................................................................................................   34
2.1.3 Yield Strength, Sy. ......................................................................................................   35
2.1.4 Ultimate Strength, Su..................................................................................................   35
2.1.5 Stresses at Skewed Plane............................................................................................   35
2.1.6 Maximum Shear Stress, Ss,max.....................................................................................   36
2.1.7 Principal Stresses........................................................................................................   36
2.2 Elastic Relationship of Stress and Strain...............................................................................   36
2.2.1 Poisson’s Ratio...........................................................................................................   37
2.2.2 Shear Strain and Modulus of Rigidity.........................................................................   38