Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
THE PROMISE OF 3G
BY
GOOTY
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receiver. We investigate the bit error rate at both uplink and downlink
of WCDMA systems.
wideband services like high speed Internet access, video and high
Network (PSTN)
• Support of high data rate. The following table shows the data
PDC ARIB(WCDMA)
Multicarrier
GPRS WCDMA
Multicode
GSM UTRA(WCDMA)
FDD
EDGE
136 HS
136+
cdmaOne cdma2000
IS-95B
Figure : Evolution of 3G
WCDMS: Air Interface for 3G
This wide bandwidth has given rise to the name Wideband CDMA or
the capability to operate in either FDD or TDD mode allows for efficient
Support of high data rate transmission: 384 kbps with wide area
Mbps. The 200 KHz carrier raster has been chosen to facilitate co-
uplink and downlink data structure for the DPCHs is described. The
spreading and scrambling codes used in both the links are investigated
control information.
channels defined as :
• Primary and secondary Common Control Physical Channels
DPCCH for both the links are described in the following two
subsections.
spreading and modulation for an uplink user. The uplink user has
Channel Coding
Error Detection
bits:
G (D) = D + D +D + D + D +1
G (D) = D + D +D + D +1
G (D) = D + D +D + D + D +1
[10].
Error Correction
• Convolution Coding
• Turbo Coding
Both rate ½ and 1/3 convolution coding has been specified. For high-
standardization bodies.
Simulator
• Uplink Simulator
• Downlink simulator
The major differences between them are :
1. Frame structure
interfering MS within the system. Each interfering user has its won
The chip rate of the WCDMA signal is 3.84 Mcps. This narrow
pulse width means that the multipaths would be resolved most of the
1. Indoor channel
Addition of Noise
Rake Receiver
four. However any number of finger between three and six can be
Frame Z1
Alignment Resampling Descrambling Despread
Frame Z2
Alignment Resampling Descrambling Despread
Received
----
Frame
MRC
---
-------
Frame ZN
Alignment Resampling Descrambling Despread
with each path so that we know the frame boundary at each branch.
Coded System
uplink voice application that has a data rate of 9.6 kbps. A rate 1/3
that. The following figure shows the encoder used at the transmitter:
We investigated the bit error rate at both uplink and downlink for
two different time varying channels. As expected the system is
interference limited for higher number of users. We observed that
without any channel coding schemes and antenna diversity
techniques, the BER approaches to 10% as the system load goes
beyond 50%. This is not an acceptable performance. However the BER
can be pushed back to an acceptable limit with channel coding and
antenna diversity techniques.
Future Work
The simulator employs a simple rake receiver to exploit the gain
[14] at the downlink are gaining rapid popularity since they do not
receivers for the WCDMA system. The simulator was modified so that a
frame at a time.
very low bit error rate. Turbo coding schemes can be incorporated to