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National Textile University, Faisalabad.

BS. Textile Engineering, Spring 2020.

Course Title: Electrical and electronic systems


Course code: EE-3001

Practical No.

Title of Practical Use switches and relays in Proteus professional to model and predict
different electric and electronic circuit.

Group members

Registration No.

Semester / Section
/ Group
Date of Practical May 05, 2020

Date of lab report May 11, 2020


submission
Abstract:
In this experiment, Use of switches and relays in Proteus professional to model and predict
different electric and electronic circuit is studied. Proteus is a simulation and design software
tool developed by Lab center Electronics for Electrical and Electronic circuit design. Different
switches are used and these switches are of four types namely as SPST, SPDT, DPST and
DPDT. Switches are used to ON or OFF the circuit as per required. When the switch is ON then
reading is given by ammeter otherwise, it does not show any reading. Relays are also used which
operates at low voltages and can control the high voltages. They have electromagnetic coil
through which the diode passes the current when back EMF is generated.

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Table of Content:
Abstract:...........................................................................................................................................2
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................3
Title:.................................................................................................................................................4
1. Introduction:.............................................................................................................................4
1.1. Objectives:........................................................................................................................4
1.2. Theory:..............................................................................................................................4
What is switch and relay?.........................................................................................................4
Single pole single throw switch (SPST):..................................................................................4
Double pole single throw switch (DPST):...............................................................................4
SPST momentary action switches:...........................................................................................5
Latching Relay:........................................................................................................................5
2. Apparatus:................................................................................................................................5
3. Procedure:.................................................................................................................................6
Procedure for electrical switches for controlling domestic/industrial loads:...............................6
Procedure for (use SPST momentary action switches):...............................................................7
Procedure for (Use a Latching Relay to control pump motor starters)........................................8
4. Results......................................................................................................................................8
5. Discussion:...............................................................................................................................9
6. Conclusion:.............................................................................................................................11

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Experiment # 08

Title:
Use switches and relays in Proteus professional to model and predict different electric and
electronic circuit.

1. Introduction:
1.1. Objectives:
 Use electrical switches for controlling domestic/industrial loads.
 Use SPST momentary action switches.
 Use a Latching relay to control pump motor starters.

1.2. Theory:

What is switch and relay?


A switch is a component that is used to either make or break a circuit path. Proteus provides
different types of switches such as DPST and SPST.

Single pole single throw switch (SPST):


It is a switch that only has a single input and can connect to only one output. It serves in a circuit
as an on-off switch. When the switch is closed, circuit is on.

Figure1: SPST

Double pole single throw switch (DPST):


Double throw switches, can divert the flow of electricity from one set of screw terminals to
another. These screw terminals are mounted on the side of the switch. A double pole single
throw switch is used for turning electricity either on or off.

Figure2: DPST

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Relay is an electromagnetic or electromechanical switch operated by a control signal generated
by a control signal given by human. It controls the opening and closing of the circuit contacts of
an electronic circuit. When the relay contact is open (NO), the relay isn't energized with the open
contact.

Figure3: relay switch diagram

SPST momentary action switches:


SPST (Normally Open) Momentary switch is exactly what is inside a computer keyboard - press
for on, let go for off. It sounds like you are looking for a Latching switch (works like a ballpoint
pen) instead of Momentary. In industries they are used as start and stop switches.

Figure4: SPST momentary

Latching Relay:
A latching relay is a two-position electrically-actuated switch. It maintains either contact position
indefinitely without power applied to the coil. It is controlled by two momentary-acting switches
or sensors, one that 'sets' the relay, and the other 'resets' the relay.

2. Apparatus:
In proteus software we selected the following,
 Battery
 Lamp
 SPST
 DPST
 Motor
 Ammeter
 Relay
 Diode
 SPST Momentary

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3. Procedure:
Procedure for electrical switches for controlling domestic/industrial loads:
Select component mode. Click on Pick devices ‘P’ to select switches category from the library
Scroll down categories to find ‘Switches and Relays’. Select this category and it shows the
available switches in the result. Scroll to find the SPST and SPDT switches. Remember to select
components with ACTIVE property under Library column of the search results for interactive
simulation Also select a Battery, Lamp and Dc Motor from libraries. Place the components in
workspace and connect the components as per circuit diagram. Set the voltage level of battery
and lamp to 9V and click ‘OK’ as 9V battery is easily available. Run the simulation, Keep SW1
switch pushed throughout the simulation. Record current from each lamp in a manner as shown
in the Table 1.

Figure3 electrical switches for controlling domestic/industrial loads

Figure4 SW2 on and all other OFF

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Figure 5 SW2 and SW3 are ON all other are OFF

Figure6 SW2 SW3 and SW4 are ON and all other OFF
Procedure for (use SPST momentary action switches):
For SPST momentary action switches.
Again Click on Pick devices ‘P’ to select switches category from the library Scroll down
categories to find ‘Switches and Relays’. Select this category and it shows the available switches
in the result. Scroll to find SPST momentary action switch and select. Also select a Battery,
Lamp and Dc Motor from libraries. Place the components in workspace, also place ammeter and
voltmeter and connect the components as per circuit diagram (one time with voltmeter and one
with ammeter in circuit. Set the voltage level of battery and lamp to 9V. Record reading of
ammeter and voltmeter.

Figure 7 use SPST momentary action switches

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Figure 8 when the switch status was Push
Procedure for (Use a Latching Relay to control pump motor starters)
Again Click on Pick devices ‘P’ to select switches category from the library Scroll down
categories to find ‘Switches and Relays’. Select this category and it shows the available switches
in the result. Scroll to find Relay and select. Also select a Battery, Lamp, two SPST momentary
action switches, and a Diode 1N4007 from libraries. Place the components in workspace, also
place ammeter and voltmeter and connect the components as per circuit diagram (one time with
voltmeter and one with ammeter in circuit. Set the voltage level of battery and lamp to 9V. Then
push one SPST momentary action switch permanently and press SPST momentary action switch
2 relay charge and then analysis the Relay response on 1V of battery.

Figure 9 Use a Latching Relay to control pump motor starters

4. Results.

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SPST Switch Lamp1 Lamp2 Lamp3 DC Motor/A
Status Current /A Current /A Current /A
SW2 on and all +0.37 00 00 00
other OFF
SW2 SW3 are +0.37 +0.37 00 00
ON and all other
OFF
SW2 SW3 and +0.36 +0.36 +0.36 00
SW4 are ON and
all other OFF
SW5 ON all 00 00 00 +0.73
Other OFF
Table 1 Current though Loads.

Battery Voltage/V Switch Status Lamp1 Current/A Lamp1 Voltage/V

9 Push +0.37 9

9 Released 00 9

Table 2 Momentary switch measurements.


When SW2 was ON only Lamp 1 only lightens because others are not connected or they were
OFF. From above table it can be said that, that particular lamp will shine which is connected and
those with connection are OFF would not shine. In second table when the switch is pushed (ON)
then lamp gives current value. When the switch is not connected value of current is zero as
shown in table2.

5. Discussion:
Question:
Change the battery voltage to 1V and write down your observations.
Ans: When the battery voltage is 12V that is equal to Relay voltage. So, when we momentarily
close SW-SPST-MOM the Relay energizes, and the lamp glow and the lamp remain glowing
also the Relay remain energize. That’s why this circuit is used as motor starter
When we change battery voltage to 1V and momentarily close SW-SPST-MOM the Relay is not
energize and lamp does not glow.
Question:
Why diode is connected in latching relay circuit?

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The relay has electromagnet coil so this coil will act as an inductor which means it can’t change
its current instantly, the purpose of the diode connected to relay is to avoid damaging some
nearby components sensitive to high voltage. This voltage is generated in the coil when the
current flow is interrupted. So, the diode provides a path for the current when the coil is switched
off. Otherwise, a voltage spike will occur causing arcing on switch contacts or possibly
destroying switching transistors.
Question:
Comparison of SPST momentary and ordinary SPST:
Ordinary SPST, it is a switch that only has a single input and can connect to only one output. It
serves in a circuit as an on-off switch. When the switch is closed, circuit is on. While the
Momentary switches are switches which only remain in their on state as long as they’re being
actuated (pressed, held, magnetized, etc.).
Question:
Explain how the loads shown in figure 15 can be controlled? state the functions of SPST
and DPST?
As we know that switches are used to control the current flow. In this circuit when we use 4
SPST and 1 DPST switches. When we ON the DSPT (SW1) current flow in the circuit but lamps
are not glowed. Lamp L1 glow when the SPST SW2 is ON, L2 glow when SPST SW3, L3 glow
when SPST SW4, and the motor start when SPST SW5 is ON.
Here we can see that we can control current flow by ON and OFF SPST and DSPT. We can
easily glow any of the lamps and the motor which we want to start while the others are OFF. It’s

all with the help of Switches.

Functions of SPST and DPST:


The SPST is a basic ON/OFF switch, it is a switch that only has a single input and can connect
to only one output. It serves in a circuit as an on-off switch. When the switch is closed, circuit is

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on. it is used to connect or break the connection between two terminals. The
power supply for the owl circuit is given by this switch.
A  DPST switch turns two circuits on or off. A DPST switch has four
terminals: two inputs and two outputs. The most common use for a DPST
switch is to control a 240-volt appliance, where both supply lines must be switched, while the
neutral wire may be permanently connected.

6. Conclusion:
Proteus is helpful in constructing electrical circuits and to run the circuits. Different switches are
used to run the circuit. Switches provides with facility to run or not to run the circuit by ON and
OFF state respectively. When the switch is ON then current passes and ammeter shows the
reading. In other case, no current passes and no reading is given by ammeter. Similarly, when the
switch is pushed then reading appears in case of momentary switch. Relays provide advantage to
control high voltages and current and operated at low voltages. They have magnetic coil through
current passes by diode and it prevents the components from damaging. All the components used
were selected as “ACTIVE” because the simulation was to run as well and “ACTIVE” runs in
simulation.

RUBRIC FOR ASSESSING LAB REPORTS

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Course & course code: Electrical and Electronics System EE-3001.

Title: The use of Switches and Relays in Proteus Professional to Model and Predict Different Electrical and Electronic circuits.

Total Marks Obtained: _____________

Attributes Max. Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Obtained


Marks
Mark Beginning or incomplete Developing Accomplished Exemplary
s

Abstract/ Several major aspects of the Abstract misses one or Abstract references most of The abstract contains reference
experiment are missing, student more major aspects of the major aspects of the to all major aspects of carrying
04
Summary displays a lack of understanding carrying out the experiment, some minor out the experiment and the
about how to write an abstract experiment or the results details are missing results, well-written

Introduction Very little background Some introductory The introduction is nearly Introduction complete and
information provided or information, but still complete, missing some well-written; provides all
04
information is incorrect missing some major minor points necessary background
points principles for the experiment

Experimental Missing several important Written in paragraph Written in paragraph Well-written in paragraph
procedure experimental details or not format, still missing format, important format, all experimental details
04 written in paragraph format some important experimental details are are covered
experimental details covered, some minor
details missing

Results: Figures, graphs, tables contain Most figures, graphs, All figures, graphs, tables All figures, graphs, tables are
errors or are poorly constructed, tables OK, some still are correctly drawn, but correctly drawn, are numbered
data, figures, 08 have missing titles, captions or missing some important some have minor problems and contain titles/captions.
graphs, numbers, units missing or or required features or could still be improved
tables, etc. incorrect, etc.

Discussion Very incomplete or incorrect Some of the results have Almost all of the results All-important trends and data
interpretation of trends and been correctly have been correctly comparisons have been
comparison of data indicating a interpreted and interpreted and discussed, interpreted correctly and
08 lack of understanding of results discussed; partial but only minor improvements discussed, a good
incomplete are needed understanding of results is
understanding of results conveyed
is still evident

Conclusions Conclusions missing or missing Conclusions regarding All-important conclusions All-important conclusions have
the important points major points are drawn, have been drawn, could be been clearly made, the student
04 but many are misstated, better stated shows good understanding
indicating a lack of
understanding

Spelling, Frequent grammar and/or Occasional Less than 3 All grammar/spelling correct
grammar, spelling errors, the writing style grammar/spelling errors, grammar/spelling errors, and very well-written
sentence 04 is rough and immature generally readable with mature, readable style
structure some rough spots in
writing style

Appearance Sections out of order, too Sections in order contain All sections in order, All sections in order, well-
and much-handwritten copy, sloppy the minimum allowable formatting generally good formatted, very readable
formatting 04 formatting amount of handwritten but could still be improved
copy, formatting is
rough but readable

PS: Make necessary conversion as per the number of laboratory

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