Strength Characteristics of Fly Ash Based Rigid Pavement Using Lime and Fibres

International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org

Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2020 ISSN 2319 - 4847
Strength Characteristics Of Fly Ash Based Rigid

Pavement Using Lime And Fibres
T.Subramani1, J.Karthick Rajan2, S.Priyanka3, M.Aravinthan 4 , Richard Selvam 5
1
Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College,Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, India
tsmcivil2007@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College,Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation
3
PG Student, Structural Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College, Mallasamudram,
Trichengodu Taluk, Namakkal District, TamilNadu
4,5
Former UG Student, , Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College,Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation
Abstract
The most commonly used building material in rigid pavement is concrete. The conduct of the rigid pavement is now being
extended and further research is required to enhance the concrete's properties. To solve this issue, researchers concentrate
primarily on certain materials that can substitute conventional materials in the construction of pavements. This paper focuses
primarily on partial cement substitution in rigid construction of the pavement. Here we are replacing cement with fly ash and
lime. These materials have a reduced carrying capacity and poor settling characteristics as their main drawbacks. The concert
of these materials can be greatly enhanced by the implementation of reinforcing element to boost its compressive and bending
strength for superior durability.The use of natural materials such as jute, coir and bamboo, as fly-ash and lime reinforcing
materials, are very cheap and readily accessible in large quantities, with the greatest tearing intensity and even under wet
conditions. We substitute cement partly with different portions of fly ash, lime and coir fiber in M30 concrete in our project.
Workability tests such as slump cone tests and strength tests such as compression tests and bending strength tests were
performed to determine the behaviour of concrete mix.
Keyword: Strength, Flyash, Rigid Pavement, Lime and Fibres.
1. INTRODUCTION
The pavement consists of different layers of materials treated above the subsoil, the basic purpose of which is to
transfer the load applied to the subsoil. The paving system shall be provided with good surface quality, adequate skid
resistance, desirable light reflecting ability and low noise emissions. The main goal is to ensure that the stress caused
by wheel loads is properly reduced. The rigid paving system consists of a concrete surface on which a granular or sub-
bases may be built. The availability of a good foundation or sub-floor layer below the concrete surface increases
pavement life and is also cheaper in the longer term. Thanks to its rigidity and its high strength, a rigid pavement
appears to spread the load over a very large subgrade area and the slab itself provides a significant portion of the
structural energy. The rigid flooring is used for heavy loads and can be built over relatively small subgrades. One of the
biggest issues in the production and recycling sectors is the disposal of waste materials. Ash is an easily-accessible by-
product – particularly in India, because of the coal consumption in power generation. When this supply becomes more
evident, the need for economic paving materials which have a low impact on the environment is increasingly growing.
Consequently, Ash is considered in this article as an alternate subbasic material. As a powdered material, because of its
pozzolanic properties and consistency with cement, it can fullfill the requirements of a cement-based sub-base. Instead
of cement, lime can also be used to give similar long-term strengths. The addition of steel reinforcement increases the
strength of concrete significantly and leads to concrete with uniform tensile properties but it must be monitored for the
development of micro splits within a ceiling structure. In general, fibres are used as a solution for creating concrete in
order to improve their flexural and tensile strength.
Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2020 Page 76

1.1 Aim of the Study

Following are the main aim of our study:
 To determine ways of using fly ash as a partial cement replacement material in road construction that deliver
adequate structural performance and that are economic.
 To understand the behaviour of fly ash mixed with admixtures, namely, coir fibre and lime.
 To find out the optimum percentage of fly ash, lime and coir fibre used in rigid pavement construction.
2. METHODOLOGY
Figure 1 shows the methodology of the study.
Figure 1 Methodology
3. ROAD PAVEMENT
The roadway pavement is an overlay system of engineered material over the subgrade of natural soil, whose primary
purpose is to assign loads to the subgrade for the applied vehicle loads. A good surface quality, sufficient skid
resistance, favourable light characteristics and minimal noise pollution should be supported by the pavement structure.
The goal is ultimately to achieve adequate reduction in transferring stresses due to the loads, so that the load capacity of
the subgrade is not exceeded. Two types of pavements, namely flexible pavements and rigid pavements, are commonly
recognized for this purpose. Figure 2 shows the Load transfer in granular structure
Figure 2 Load transfer in granular structure
Figure 3 shows the Typical cross section of a flexible pavement

Figure 3 Typical cross section of a flexible pavement

Figure 4 shows the Typical Cross section of rigid pavement.
Figure 4 Typical Cross section of rigid pavement
4. COLLECTION OF MATERIALS AND ITS PROPERTIES

4.1 Cement
Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) has been used in the present study. Table 1 provides the physical characteristics of
the cement that can be found in different tests in accordance with Indian Standard IS: 8112:1989.
4.2 Fine Aggregate
In this work, natural sand river was used. The most frequently passed aggregates through IS sieves, 4.75 mm are called
fine aggregates.
4.3 Coarse Aggregate
The coarse aggregate has been locally available in sizes of 20 mm and 10 mm in sizes 70:30. The aggregates have been
rinsed so that dirt, pollution and dried to surface dryness.
4.4 Water
For mixing and curing of concrete, potable water has general importance. Accordingly, this potable water was used in
the material testing laboratory for the production of concrete. Water was significantly free of toxicity and therefore
suitable for use in the concrete mix
4.5 Fly Ash
Fly ash is defined as the finely divided particles which arise from combustion of soil or powdered charcoal and are
conveyed to the removal system through gases from the combustion zone. Fly ash is a spherical particle of the form,
thinner than cement and lime, with diameters not exceeding 1 μm and 150 μm. Table 1 shows the physical
characteristics of fly ash.
Table 1: Properties of fly ash

Figure 5 shows the fly ash
Figure 5 Fly ash
4.6 Lime
Calcium oxide (CaO) is a chemical compound used widely as quick-lime (CaO), hydrated-lime (Ca(OH)2) and lime-
slurry soils. Quicklime is made from calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by high-temperature transformation into calcium
oxide. When quicklime chemically reacts with water, hydrated lime is created. The calcium used in this study was
obtained as a quicklime from the open market. This lime was then mixed in the required weight with fly ash and water.
Table 2 shows the properties of lime.
Table 2: Properties of lime
Figure 6 shows the lime powder.
Figure 6 Lime powder
4.7 Coir Fibre

Fibres can be defined as a small reinforcing material with certain dimensional features. A fibre is described by its
aspect ratio as the most important parameter. Fibres are secondary strengthening materials and act as a cracking agent.
Preventing cracks from internal flaws can lead to improved static and dynamic characteristics of the matrix. Coir fibre
is a coconut fibre extracted from the coconuts external shell. It is available in many places, including nearby temples or
oil industries.The coir fibre is taken from the oil industry in this study. It was then cleaned and shredded in suitable
shape and size. Figure 7 shows the coir fibre.
Figure 7 Coir fibre

Table 3 shows the properties of coir fibre.
Table 3: Properties of coir fibre
5. MIXING AND CASTING

5.1 Mixing
The mixed concrete proportions were approximated by means of the absolute volume method in accordance with IS
10262:2009, based on the properties of the available materials. Table 6 presents selected fly ash-based concrete mixed
proportions of lime and coir fibre. We tried to replace cement in concrete with different target strengths of 30 MPa by
using different proportions of fly ash, lime and coir fibres. Table 4 shows Mix proportions of concrete
Table 4: Mix proportions of concrete
5.2 Casting
For various agro-waste concrete mixtures, the cube and beam samples were prepared. a) Standard compression strength
150 x 150 x 150 mm cubes. b) Flexural strength 150 x 150 x 700 mm beams. The standard cube and beam moulds are
moulded in the cubes and beams. During casting cubes, the slumps were measured. After 24 hours, the cube and the
beam are demoulded and cured for 7, 14 and 28 days.
6. TESTING OF SPECIMENS
6.1 Compression Strength Test
The resistance or resistance to compression of the material or structure is called compressive strength. The material's
compressive strength is determined by the ability of the material to resist crack failure. The push force on both sides of
the concrete specimen and the maximum compression are identified without fail during this test. Figure 8 shows the
compression test on cube.
Figure 8 Compression test on cube

6.2 Flexural Strength

Determining the flexural strength of concrete, when a road surface with inadequate substrates is subject to wheel loads
and/or the volume changes due to the reduction in temperature.
6.2.1 Equipment & Apparatus
 Beam mould of size 15 x 15x 70 cm
 Tamping bar
 Flexuraltest machine
Figure 9 shows the flexural strength test arrangement.
Figure 9 Flexural Strength Test Arrangement
6.3 Slump Cone Test

Concrete slump testing or slumping cone test is performed to determine how the concrete mix produced during
laboratory or working site work is workable or consistent. Batch-to-batch concrete slumping tests are done to check
uniform concrete quality.The slump test is the simplest concrete workability test, with low cost and immediate results.
The workability of concrete slump values is generally used to indicate the water-cement ratio, but several factors,
including material properties, methods of mixing, dose, admixture etc, also affect the concrete value of slumps.
7. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

7.1 Compression Strength Test Results
Compressive strength of concrete can be represented as the performance of concrete subjected to ultimate load. This
concrete property is represented in Table 7 and Chart 1. The tests were performed on concrete specimens varying from
the age of 7 days, 14 days and 28 days and each point presented in the graphical plots were taken from the average of 3
readings. Table 5 shows the compression strength test results.
Table 5: Compression strength test results
Figure 10 shows the chart of Compression strength

Figure 10 Chart of compression strength

7.2 Flexural Strength Results
Table 6 shows the flexural strength test results.
Table 6: Flexural strength test results
Flexural strength of concrete can be represented as the performance of concrete subjected to ultimate load. This
concrete property is represented in Table 8 and Chart 21. The tests were performed on concrete specimens varying from
the age of 7 days, 14 days and 28 days and each point presented in the graphical plots were taken from the average of 3
readings. Figure 7 shows the chart of flexural strength test.
Figure 7 Flexural strength
7.3 Slump Cone Test Results

Table 7 shows the slump test results.
Table 7: Slump test results

The values are graphically represented in Figure 8.
Figure 8 slump test
9. CONCLUSION
The following conclusions are drawn on the basis of the findings and inferences of this experimental study:
 Concrete mix with 20% fly ash, 20 % lime & 1% coir fibre as partial replacement of cement is the optimum level.
It shows better compressive strength compared to nominal concrete mix.
 The flexure strength also tends to increase with the increase percentages of fly ash and lime with constant
percentage of coir fibre.
 In slump cone test, mix-2 shows higher degree of workability when compared to conventional concrete mix
References
[1] T.Subramani., S.Krishnan. S.K.Ganesan., G.Nagarajan ”Investigation of Mechanical Properties in Polyester and
Phenyl-ester Composites Reinforced With Chicken Feather Fiber” International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 4), pp.93-104, 2014.
[2] T.Subramani, J.Jayalakshmi , " Analytical Investigation Of Bonded Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Sheets With
Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Ansys" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 105-112 , 2015
[3] T.Subramani, D.Latha , " Experimental Study On Recycled Industrial Waste Used In Concrete" , International
Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 113-122
, 2015
[4] T.Subramani, V.Angappan , " Experimental Investigation Of Papercrete Concrete" , International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 134-143 , 2015
[5] T.Subramani, V.K.Pugal , " Experimental Study On Plastic Waste As A Coarse Aggregate For Structural
Concrete" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) ,
Volume 4, Issue 5, pp.144-152 2015
[6] T.Subramani, B.Suresh , " Experimental Investigation Of Using Ceramic Waste As A Coarse Aggregate Making
A Light Weight Concrete " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management
(IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 153-162 , 2015
[7] T.Subramani, M.Prabhakaran , " Experimental Study On Bagasse Ash In Concrete" , International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 163-172 , 2015
[8] T.Subramani, A.Mumtaj , " Experimental Investigation Of Partial Replacement Of Sand With Glass Fibre" ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5,
pp. 254-263 , 2015
[9] T.Subramani, S.B.Sankar Ram Experimental Study on Concrete Using Cement With Glass Powder, IOSR
Journal of Engineering,Volume 5 , Issue 5, Version 3, pp43-53, 2015
[10] T.Subramani, S.Kumaran , " Experimental Investigation Of Using Concrete Waste And Brick Waste As A Coarse
Aggregate " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) ,
Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 294-303 , 2015
[11] T.Subramani, G.Ravi, “Experimental Investigation Of Coarse Aggregate With Steel Slag In Concrete”, IOSR
Journal of Engineering, Volume 5,Issue 5, Version 3, pp64-73, 2015

[12] T.Subramani, K.S.Ramesh , " Experimental Study On Partial Replacement Of Cement With Fly Ash And
Complete Replacement Of Sand With M sand" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5 , pp. 313-322 , 2015
[13] T.Subramani, G.Shanmugam , " Experimental Investigation Of Using Papercrete And Recycled Aggregate As A
Coarse Aggregate " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
, Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 323-332 , May 2015
[14] T.Subramani, P.Sakthivel , " Experimental Investigation On Flyash Based Geopolymer Bricks" , International
Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 5, Issue 5, pp. 216-227
, 2016 .
[15] T.Subramani, R.Siva, “Experimental Study On Flexural And Impact Behavior Of Ferrocement Slabs”
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 5, Issue 5,
pp. 228-238 , 2016
[16] T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental Study Of Palm Oil Fuel Ash As Cement Replacement Of Concrete
" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue
3, March 2017 , pp. 001-005 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[17] T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental Study Of Mineral Admixture Of Self Compacting Concrete " ,
March 2017 , pp. 006-010 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[18] T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental Test On Bitumen With Addition Of 35% Of Plastic Fibre " ,
March 2017 , pp. 017-022 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[19] T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Stabilization Of M30 Concrete Pavement By Partially Replacing Cement By
20% Of Flyash And Sodium Silicate " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017 , pp. 023-031 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[20] T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental Investigation On Flexural Behavior Of Folded Ferro Cement
Panels " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume
6, Issue 3, March 2017 , pp. 045-049 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[21] T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental Study On Replacement Of Concrete Material By Water Treatment
Plant Waste Sewage " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management
(IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017 , pp. 050-057 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[22] T.Subramani, A. Fizoor Rahman , " An Experimental Study On The Properties Of Pet Fibre Reinforced Concrete "
, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 3,
March 2017 , pp. 058-066 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[23] T.Subramani, M.Meganathan, S.Priyanka , " Experimental Study On Strength Properties Of Diaphanous
Concrete With Vermiculite " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management
(IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017 , pp. 229-238 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[24] T.Subramani, T.Anandavel, S.Priyanka , " Experimental Investigation Of Waste Plastic Fiber In Reinforced
Cement Concrete Using Recycled Coarse Aggregate " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017 , pp. 239-250 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[25] T.Subramani, S.Priyanka , " Experimental Test On Carbon Nano Powder On The Properties Of Concrete " ,
May 2017 , pp. 294-303 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[26] T.Subramani, P.Babu, S.Priyanka , " Strength Study On Fibre Reinforced Concrete Using Palmyra Palm Fibre
Using Fem Software " , International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science
(IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp. 198-207 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[27] T.Subramani, G.Unni Krishnan, R.Arumugam, A.Godwyn Michael Cornelies, H.Gopu , " Experimental Study
Of Quarry Sand And Rice Husk Replacing In Concrete " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017 , pp. 312-319 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[28] T.Subramani, R.Sengottaiyan, K.Roop Kumar, V.Arun Kumar , S.S.Shanjay Sundara Sood , " An Expremental
Investigation On Mineral Admixture For High Perfomence Of Concrete " , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2017 , pp. 320-326 , ISSN 2319 -
4847.
[29] T.Subramani, M.Senthilkumar, V.Ashok Kumar, Pawan Kumar Singh, R.Silambarasan , " Experimental Study
On M-Sand With Addition Of Sugar As Admixture In Concrete " , International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 , pp. 100-107 , ISSN 2278-
6856.

[30] T.Subramani, A.Fizoor Rahman, K.M.Mohamed Irfan, G.Ramajayam, Shubram Mohan , " Experimental Study
Of Applying Translucent Concrete In Green House Building Concrete Using M-Sand " , International Journal of
Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 , pp.
116-125 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[31] T.Subramani, M.Senthilkumar, G.Gopinathan, A.S.Kabil, R.Naveen Kumar , " Experimental Study On Pervious
Concrete Using Different Size Of Coarse Aggregate " , International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology
in Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 , pp. 126-133 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[32] T.Subramani, S.Sekar, Kuriakose saji, Syam gopalakrishnan, A.Arul prakash , " Experimental Study On
Pollution Control Concrete " , International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science
(IJETTCS), Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 , pp. 149-157 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[33] T.Subramani, N.Liyamin Ahad, Eldhose Jolly, Manuel Cheriyan, S.Priyanka , " Experimental Study On
Mechanical Behavior Of Roof Panel Using Steel Fibre With Alkaline Solution " , International Journal of
Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 , pp.
169-176 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[34] T.Subramani, S.Gunalan, Hari Prasath, K.Vasantha Sethupathi , S.Priyanka , " Experimental Investigation Of
Concrete Using Peengan Waste " , International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science
(IJETTCS), Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 , pp. 208-215 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[35] T.Subramani, V. Karthick, A. Mohammed Asif, Mohammed Salman, S.Priyanka , " Experimental Study on
Hybrid Fiber Concrete With Banana And Sugarcane Fiber " , International Journal of Application or Innovation
in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2019 , pp. 200-209 , ISSN 2319 - 4847
[36] T.Subramani, Akshay Vijayan, P.Mohammed Fayas, Jestin Thomas, S.Priyanka , " Experimental Study on Flyash
and Lime With Gypsum in Concrete " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM), Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2019 , pp. 257-268 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[37] T.Subramani, J.Karthick Rajan, F.Mohamed Ibrahim, K.Mano Vikaram, P.M.Rajesh , " Experimental Study on
Hybrid Fiber Concrete (Polypropylene Fiber with Basalt Fiber) " , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2019 , pp. 269-278 , ISSN 2319
- 4847.
[38] T.Subramani, Febin Skaria Jacob, Limil Antoney, Rahul Pillai Suresh, S.Priyanka , " Experimental Study On
Concrete With Plastic Waste And Master Gelinium " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2019 , pp. 288-296 , ISSN 2319 – 4847
[39] T.Subramani, S.Priyanka , " Experimental Study on Research of Bricks with Copper Tailing Waste " ,
March 2019 , pp. 329-334 , ISSN 2319 – 4847
[40] T.Subramani, S.Priyanka, K.Thirunavukkarasu , " Experimental Investigation of Concrete using Basalt Fibre And
GFRP Sheet " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM),
Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2019 , pp. 335-340 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[41] T.Subramani, J.Karthick Rajan , " Experimental Study on Hybrid Fibre Concrete " , International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2019 , pp. 349-
356 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[42] T.Subramani, J.Karthick Rajan , " Experimental Investigation Paver Block Natural Fiber " , International Journal
of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2019 , pp. 357-
364 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
AUTHOR
Prof. Dr. T. Subramani Working as Dean of Civil Engineering in Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar
Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions AUTHORAUResearch Foundation (Deemed to be University),
Salem, Tamilnadu, India. Having more than 29 years of Teaching experience in Various Engineering
Colleges. He got awarded Doctoral degree in Civil Engineering from Anna University, Chennai, got awarded
his Post Graduation M.E degree in Urban Engineering from College of Engineering, Anna University in
1992, got awarded his graduation B.E degree in Bharathiar University in 1989. He also got awarded Post
Graduation in Business Administration - MBA from Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation,[Deemed to be
University] - Salem. He is serving as reviewer for many International Journals and also published 285 papers
in International Journals. He published 21 Indian Patents and got grant for 2 Indian Patents and 9 International
Patents (Australia). He has presented more than 100 papers in conferences, especially 70 in International and
30 National Level. He has authored 07 books. Guided more than 259 students in PG projects. Currently he
is guiding 06 Ph.D., Research Scholars. He is serving as examiner and Valuer for B.E & M.E Degree Theory
and Practical Examinations for Madras University, Periyar University, Anna University, Annamalai

University and Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation [Deemed to be University]. He is Question paper
setter and Valuer for UG and PG Courses of Civil Engineering in number of Universities. He is serving as
Academic Council member of VMRF(Deemed to be University) and Chairman of Board Of Studies (Civil
Engineering), Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation [Deemed to be University]. Also he is a member of
Board of studies in Periyar University. He is Life Fellow in Institution of Engineers (India) and Institution of
Valuers. Life member in number of Technical Societies and Educational bodies like MISTE, MIGS,
MIRC,ISRMTT, UWA, Salem District Small and Tiny Association (SADISSTIA), SPC – Salem Productivity
Council. He has delivered much technical talk in various field. He is a Chartered Civil Engineer and
Approved Valuer for many banks. He is a Licensed Building Surveyor in Salem City Municipal Corporation-
Salem, and Licensed Civil Engineer in Salem Local Planning Authority- Salem. He is the recipient of many
prestigious awards
J.Karthick Rajan is working as a Assistant Professor in Department of Civil Engineering,

V.M.K.V.Engineering College,Salem, TamilNadu. He did his B.E.Degree in the branch of Civil Engineering
in VMKV Engineering College, VinayakaMissions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University),Salem,
TamilNadu, India. He did his M.E Degree in the branch of Structural Engineering in Anna University. He
worked as a Design Engineer in Priyanka Associates, CivilEngineers & Valuers, Salem, TamilNadu for Four
Months. He published 09 Indian patents and got grant for 01 International Patent(Australia). He published 16
international Journal Publications. Currently he is doing Ph.D Scholar in the Department of Civil Engineering
VMRF(DU), Salem, TamilNadu. He has presented more than 10 papers in conferences, especially 07 in
International and 03 National Level. She received “BEST YOUNG ENGINEER AWARD ” from Institution
of Engineers(India), Salem local centre on Engineers day (15.09.2018). She received “SCIENTIFIC &
YOUNG ENGINEER AWARD ” from Sozhiya Vellalar Association, Salem on VOC Birthday function at
Salem on 02.10.2018
S.Priyanka did her B.E. Degree in the branch of Civil Engineering in Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda
Variyar
Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem,
Tamilnadu, India.
She is doing M.E degree in the branch of Structural Engineering in the department of Civil Engineering in
Mahendra Engineering College, Mallasamudram, Trichengodu Taluk, Namakkal District, TamilNadu. She
published 42 papers in International Journals. She has presented more than 13 papers in conferences,
especially 08 in International and 05 National Level. She published 09 Indian Patents and got grant for 01
Indian Patent and 01 International Patent (Australia). She has well knowledge in AUTOCAD drawing and
STAAD Pro. She received “BEST ENGINEERING COLLEGE STUDENT AWARD” from Institution of
Engineers(India), Salem local centre on Engineers day (15.09.2018). She received “EXCELLENCE IN
RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AWARD” from Sozhiya Vellalar Association, Salem on
VOC Birthday function at Salem on 02.10.2018
M.Aravinthan did his B.E Under graduate in the branch of Civil Engineering at Vinayaka Missions
Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be
University) , Salem. He has well knowledge in AUTOCAD drawing. His hobbies are playing Basketball,
Hockey and Cricket.
Richard Selvam did his B.E Under graduate in the branch of Civil Engineering at Vinayaka Missions
Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be
University), Salem. He has well knowledge in AUTOCAD drawing. His hobbies are playing Basketball,
Hockey and Cricket.

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org

Strength Characteristics Of Fly Ash Based Rigid

Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2020 Page 76

1.1 Aim of the Study

Figure 2 Load transfer in granular structure

Figure 3 shows the Typical cross section of a flexible pavement

Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2020 Page 77

Figure 3 Typical cross section of a flexible pavement

Figure 4 Typical Cross section of rigid pavement

4. COLLECTION OF MATERIALS AND ITS PROPERTIES

Table 1: Properties of fly ash

Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2020 Page 78

Figure 5 shows the fly ash

Figure 5 Fly ash

Table 2: Properties of lime

Figure 6 shows the lime powder.

Figure 6 Lime powder

4.7 Coir Fibre

Figure 7 Coir fibre

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Table 3 shows the properties of coir fibre.

Table 3: Properties of coir fibre

5. MIXING AND CASTING

Table 4: Mix proportions of concrete

Figure 8 Compression test on cube

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6.2 Flexural Strength

Figure 9 Flexural Strength Test Arrangement

6.3 Slump Cone Test

7. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figure 10 shows the chart of Compression strength

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Figure 10 Chart of compression strength

Table 6: Flexural strength test results

Figure 7 Flexural strength

7.3 Slump Cone Test Results

Table 7: Slump test results

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The values are graphically represented in Figure 8.

Figure 8 slump test

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J.Karthick Rajan is working as a Assistant Professor in Department of Civil Engineering,

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