Soils NEW

Soil Testing
23 In-Situ Sampling and Preparation

23 Moisture Content
24 Soil Index Properties
24 Particle Size Distribution
24 Compaction and CBR
25 Consolidation
25 Permeability
25 Soil Strength (Triaxial)
26 Pressure Systems
26 Direct Shear and Vane Tests
27 Electronic Instrumentation
29 Bearing Capacity
29 In-Situ Density
ELE has been at the forefront of soils testing technology
for around 50 years and has worked closely with
customers and independent Standards organisations
to develop and prove testing procedures that are now
recognised both nationally and internationally.
Our soils testing equipment is used every day by

universities, laboratories and site engineers around the
world, providing accurate, consistent and reliable data,
which can be gathered quickly and simply using tried
and tested methods.
Our test instruments and systems are designed to be easy

to set up and use, offering many years of trouble-free
operation. In addition, they are supported by our global
network of wholly owned sales centres and experienced
distributors, providing lifetime service and support.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: ele@eleint.co.uk
23 Soil Testing - In-situ Sampling and Preparation
In-situ Sampling and Preparation Sample Mixers

The correct sampling, description and preparation of A regular laboratory requirement is the mixing of
soil and soil mixtures is necessary if subsequent tests are samples with water and/or other constituents to provide
to be meaningful and provide representative results. a homogeneous mixture prior to subsequent testing.
Various national and international Standards specify The following range of mixers provide an efficient
a range of procedures and equipment necessary to means of mixing samples.
ensure representative sampling.
Bench-mounting Mixer 5 litre
With the use of simple hand tools, it is often possible to
obtain detailed information regarding the sub-surface
nominal capacity
BS 598-107, 1377-1, 1924-1
structure and hence the likely engineering characteristics
of the area under investigation.
The mixer has two electrically switched mixing speeds
which obviates the need to switch off during speed
Soil Colour Charts selection. The mixing head comprises a beater which
contra-rotates about a central shaft using planetary
u Nine constant hue charts displaying 322 colours gearing. A lever-acting lifting device facilitates the
u Apertures cut between adjacent colours for easy insertion and removal of the bowl.
viewing of sample against colour
u Charts held in pocket-sized loose-leaf binder This mixer is suitable for the mixing of soil samples,
mortar, bituminous mixtures and associated materials
A standard identification of colour is an essential where comparatively small samples are being prepared.
component of a soil-profile description. Soil colour charts Supplied with stainless steel bowl, beater and whisk.
are widely used by civil engineers, agronomists, soil
scientists, geologists and archaeologists as a means of Specification
providing a standard colour reference.
Dimensions (l x w x h) 545 x 380 x 550 mm
Ordering Information Speeds (rpm) Beater Central shaft
Low 140 62
EL23-7100 Soil Colour Charts. The set consists of High 285 125
nine constant hue charts on a neutral gray chart stock. Rated power 500 W
Included in the set is a Gley Colour Chart for submerged Weight 50 kg
soils. This displays 28 matt colour chips, weak cromas
and neutrals on value level 4 to 9 for hues, 5GY, 5G,
5BG and 5B. Weight 910 g.
Ordering Information
EL23-6191/01 Bench-mounting Mixer, 5 litre nominal
capacity. For 220 - 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
Accessory for EL23-6191/01

5 litre Isomantle see EL45-5580/01
Spare EL23-6191/10 Stainless steel bowl
EL23-7100 Soil Colour Charts

EL23-6191/01 Bench-mounting Mixer
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com

Hand Boring and Sampling Extension Rods, Handles and Tools

The items listed provide the engineer with an economic Ordering Information
range of equipment for field survey work. Using
this equipment it is possible to obtain disturbed or
undisturbed samples at reasonable depths, subject to Model no. Description Weight
ground conditions. Most items may be inter-connected. EL23-1541 Extension Rod with tube connector, 1.7 kg
constructed of steel tubing
Soil and Gravel Auger Heads approximately 1 metre long
EL23-1543 Stillson Wrench size 14, for use 1.2 kg
with EL23-1541. Two required
These auger heads are suitable for boring in cohesive
EL23-1547 Handle and T-piece 2.0 kg
soils or sands and gravels. The soil augers are
constructed of heavy duty steel plates forming an open EL23-1587 Jarring Link, for driving sample 4.0 kg
tube partly interlocked at the cutting end. Gravel augers tubes
comprise a one piece steel casting with a spiral point and EL23-1617 Spiral Auger, 40 mm diameter x 1.5 kg
two plates designed to close when lifting samples from 200 mm long with rod and T-piece
the borehole. The Dutch Auger is of similar construction attached. Overall nominal length
to the Soil Augers and is particularly useful in very fine 1250 mm
silt-clay sands.
Ordering Information Sample Tube

Suitability Model no. Description Weight Supplied without Adaptor but with two end caps.
Cohesive EL23-1501 Soil Auger Head, 1.5 kg
soils 100 mm diameter Model Internal Tube length Adaptor
number diameter
EL23-1504 Soil Auger Head, 2.5 kg EL23-1577 38 mm 230 mm EL23-1579
150 mm diameter
Gravel EL23-1517 Gravel Auger Head, 1.2 kg
and Sand 150 mm
Fine Silty EL23-1525 Dutch Soil Auger Head, 1.5 kg
Sand 50 mm
Hand Boring and Sampling Equipment
Riffle Boxes (Sample Dividers)

BS 1377, 1924, 812; EN 932-1
Designed for the rapid preparation of samples, the

ELE range of riffle boxes are constructed of heavy
gauge sheet metal, with particular attention given to
reinforcement of the partitions to maintain the accuracy
of the slot dimensions.
The units offered are supplied in a range of sizes from

7 mm to 64 mm slots.
Model no. Recommended Slot No. Approx Weight

max particle width of capacity kg EL23-3425 Large Sample Splitter
size - mm mm slots kg
(BS) (EN)
EL23-3000 4.5 3.5 7 12 0.3 1.5
Large Sample Splitter
EL23-3050 8.5 6.5 13 12 2.0 6.0
EL23-3070 10.0 7.5 15 12 2.0 8.0
This splitter is designed for the reduction of test samples
EL23-3100 12.5 9.5 19 10 4.0 9.0 which are too large in volume to be conveniently
EL23-3150 16.5 12.5 25 10 4.0 11.5 handled. It divides samples so that half is representative
of the original total sample and handles material up to 6
EL23-3170 20.0 15 30 10 4.0 17.5
inches in particle size.
EL23-3200 25.0 19 38 8 11.0 17.5
EL23-3300 33.0 25 50 8 14.0 22.5 The lever-actuated unit is constructed of heavy gauge
welded steel with a hopper which holds up to 1 ft3.
EL23-3350 42.5 32 64 8 18.0 27.0 The single splitter chute provides wide flexibility in sizes
of opening and adjustment is provided for chutes of
0.5,1.5, 2, 3, 4 or 6 inch by positioning of the chute
bars. Overall height approximately is 1 metre. Hopper
size 735 mm long x 480 mm wide (approx).
EL23-3425 Large Sample Splitter complete with 2
material pans and a bag-loading chute. Weight 61.5 kg.
Sample Reduction
Selection of Riffle Boxes
The reduction of particles within the soil mass is necessary
for a number of tests. For most purposes crushing of
individual particles must be avoided. This reduction
process is best achieved using a porcelain mortar and
rubber headed pestle.
EL23-3500 Rubber Headed Pestle specially made for
gently grinding soils without breaking the individual
particles. Suitable for BS 1377, 1924; ASTM D421;
AASHTO T87. Weight 120 g.
EL23-3505 Mortar and Pestle EL23-3505 Mortar and Pestle porcelain.

Extruders and Soil Lathes Proctor/CBR/Marshall/Core Cutter

BS 1377-1 Extruders
The removal of soil cores from sampling tubes must
Two extruders comprising a frame and hydraulic jack
be accomplished with the minimum of disturbance,
supplied with adaptor plates to enable a range of sample
particularly when small specimens have to be prepared
extrusion from all ELE moulds indicated in the table.
in order to carry out laboratory tests. Large extrusion
forces used indiscriminately will compress soil resulting in
false values of shear strength and consolidation. Model no. Extrudes samples from
EL23-4200 EL24-9000 BS Compaction mould
38 mm Hand-operated Extruder Proctor/Core EL24-9060 Proctor Mould
Cutter EL29-5300 100 mm Core Cutter
Extruder EL45-6310 Marshall Mould
This Sample Extruder comprises a vertically mounted
EL23-4250 EL24-9198 BS CBR Mould
lever action hydraulic jack, with the body extended CBR/Extruder EL24-9228 ASTM CBR Mould
to form a chamber which accommodates a 38 mm
diameter sample tube. Supplied complete with trimming
knife, 38 mm split former and wire saw. Accessories
EL23-4300 Adaptor Set for use with EL23-4250.
Ordering Information Comprising an adaptor plate, retaining screws and a
EL23-4090 38 mm Hydraulic Extruder nominal 100 mm ram plunger. Enables extrusion from
all ELE 100 mm moulds and core cutters listed in the
table. Weight 2.2 kg.
Hand-operated Soil Lathes

EL23-5800 Hand-operated Soil Lathe for producing 38
mm diameter specimens. The lathe platen is adjustable
in height and will accept specimens up to 100 mm in
length.
Accessories
Trimming Knife see EL81-0710
EL23-4090 38 mm Hydraulic Extruder EL23-5800 Hand-operated Soil Lathe
23 Soil Testing - Moisture Content
Moisture Content Important: Calcium Carbide is a hazardous substance.
Attention is drawn to the limitations imposed on the form

Rapid Method by Speedy Moisture of transportation. Only in special circumstances can
Tester Calcium Carbide be transported by air.
BS 812; ASTM D4944; AASHTO T217
EL23-7600 Speedy Calibration Kit. A self-contained unit
u Reliable and accurate moisture measurement in designed to enable an operator to check the accuracy of
the field the Speedy Moisture Tester. The unit comprises a master
u Direct reading in percent moisture dial, integral air pump, control connections and tools
u Rapid results in minutes for checking gauge accuracy and pressure leaks, with
u New versions with heavy duty plastic carrying case instructions for simple re-calibrations.
and portable electronic balance
The standard method for determining the moisture
The new range of Speedy Moisture testers now includes content of soil is the Oven Drying Method, which is
an electronic balance and a heavy duty plastic case. recommended for a Soils Laboratory. Details on suitable
drying and weighing equipment are included in Section
Designed for the most demanding on-site conditions, the 78: Drying and Weighing.
new waterproof and durable case offers high levels of
protection. The new model comprises: Speedy Moisture
tester, electronic balance, beaker, cleaning cloth, cap,
washer, scoop, steel pulverising balls, and cleaning
brushes.
Used to weigh a sample before placing it in the Speedy

Moisture Tester, the portable battery powered balance
includes LCD display with a measuring range 0 – 200
g x 0.1 g. The % moisture content of the sample is read
directly from the calibrated pressure gauge.
Specifications
Model no. EL23-7452 EL23-7462 EL23-7502
EL23-7452 Speedy Moisture Tester D2 Large
Model ‘D2’ Large ‘G2’ Large ‘D2’ Small
Moisture range 0 to 20% 0 to 50% 0 to 20%
Gauge divisions 0.2% 0.5% 0.2%
Sample weight 20 g 8g 6g
Weight complete 8.4 kg 7.5 kg 5.5 kg
Speedy Moisture Testers are supplied without

Reagent (Calcium Carbide) which should be ordered
separately.
Accessories
EL23-7700 Calcium Carbide Powder supplied in 500 g
container.
EL23-7702 Calcium Carbide Powder. Pack of 12 x
500 g containers.

24 Soil Testing - Soil Index Properties
Soil Index Properties Ordering Information

Casagrande method bs 1377, EN 1997-2
Soil index properties are used extensively by engineers
to discriminate between the different kinds of soil within EL24-0410 Hand operated Liquid Limit Device BS with
a broad category, e.g. clay will exhibit a wide range of revolution counter. Complete with metal grooving tool
engineering properties depending upon its composition. and test gauge. Weight 5 kg.
Classification tests to determine index properties will
provide engineers with valuable information when the EL24-0417/01 Motorised Liquid Limit Device
results are compared against empirical data relative to complete with revolution counter and motor.
the index properties determined. Weight 8.5 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
Determination of Liquid Limit Accessories

EL24-0425 Grooving Tool and Gauge. Weight 145 g.
The condition of a soil can be altered by changing
EL24-0430 Glass Plate 500 mm square x 10 mm thick.
the moisture content. The liquid limit is the empirically
Weight 145 g.
established moisture content at which a soil passes from
the plastic to the liquid state. A knowledge of the liquid
Casagrande method ASTM D4318; AASHTO T89
limit allows the engineer to correlate several engineering
properties with the soil. Two main types of test are used.
The Casagrande type (Cup), which has been used for EL24-0434 Liquid Limit Device complete with revolution
many years, and the cone penetrometer method, which is counter. Supplied less grooving tool. Weight 3.0 kg.
now the definitive method specified in BS 1377.
Accessories
Casagrande Method EL24-0461 AASHTO Casagrande Grooving Tool.
Weight 85 g.
u Satisfies International Standards EL24-0453 ASTM Metal Grooving Tool. Weight 100 g.
u Motorised version with integral blow counter
available
Particular design features of the instrument include a

positive action horizontal lead screw, which is rapidly
adjustable and rigidly fixes the height of cup in relation to
the base during the test procedure. The cam mechanism
and cup suspension assembly have been designed to
withstand constant use with minimum readjustment.
Liquid Limit Device with accessories

Phases of Soil and the Atterburg Limits
10
Cone Penetrometer Method Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer

BS 1377, 1924-2, EN 1997-2
u Reduces operator error
u Applicable to a wide range of soils EL24-0545/01 Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer.
u Gives reproducible test results Specification same as EL24-0540 but incorporates Digital
u Provides direct measurement of penetration Automatic controller, which releases the plunger head and
ensures free falling of the penetration device during the test.
The method is fundamentally more satisfactory than The time set is displayed by a bright easy to read display.
the Casagrande method as it is essentially a static test Weight 8.6 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
depending on the soil shear strength. The test is based
on the relationship between moisture content and Determination of Plastic Limit
the penetration of a cone into the soil sample under BS 1377, 1924-2, EN 1997-2; ASTM D4318; AASHTO
controlled conditions. T90
Specification The plastic limit is defined as the lowest moisture content

Dial Indicator 150 mm diameter graduated in 400 of a soil that will permit a sample to be rolled into
x 0.1 mm divisions, indicator point
threads of 3 mm diameter without the threads breaking.
incorporates friction/gear system
The test procedure has remained, in principle, the
Height adjustment Rapid, using integral clamping same since 1932, when Casagrande proposed to
mechanism define the various limits by relating the moisture content
Cone release Manual characteristics of soil under certain conditions. The
Cone 1 x 30º, 35 mm test cone included apparatus required is simple yet effective.
Base Cast aluminium, adjustable levelling feet
The majority of the apparatus required for this test is
Weight 6 kg standard laboratory equipment. For full details see the
Laboratory equipment section of the catalogue.
EL24-0540 Cone Penetrometer Ordering Information
EL24-0811 Rod Comparator
Accessories
Spatula see Laboratory Equipment Section 78.
EL24-0546 Test Gauge for checking the condition of the Glass Plate see EL24-0430
Cone Point. Weight 30 g.
EL24-0548 Penetration Test Cup. 55 mm diameter
by 40 mm deep, with the rim parallel to the flat base.
Weight 100 g.
Spares
EL24-0544 Penetration Test Cone. Stainless steel, 35
mm long with smooth surface at an angle of 30º.
Weight 100 g.
Penetration Test Cone and Test Gauge EL24-0545/01 Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer
11

Determination of Shrinkage
Characteristics
When the water content of a fine-grained soil is
reduced below the plastic limit, shrinkage of the soil
mass continues until the shrinkage limit is reached.
Shrinkage can be significant in clays but less so in silts
and sands.
The equipment listed below enables the engineer to

determine a number of important parameters, including
shrinkage ratio, volumetric shrinkage and linear
shrinkage.
Volumetric Shrinkage
This method of test covers the determination of the

shrinkage limit, shrinkage ratio, volumetric shrinkage and
linear shrinkage.
Ordering Information Volumetric Shrinkage with Prong Plate,

Dish and Glass Cup
EL24-1500 Prong Plate. Made of acrylic plastic fitted
with three prongs, nominal 76 mm square and 2.4 mm
thick. Weight 30 g.
EL24-1550 Shrinkage Dish. Nominal 42 mm diameter
x 12 mm deep. Weight 60 g.
EL24-1600 Glass Cup. Nominal 70 mm diameter x
50 mm deep. Weight 40g.
Accessories
Measuring Cylinder see Laboratory Equipment Section.
Evaporating Dish see Laboratory Equipment Section.
Linear Shrinkage
BS 1377
This test covers the determination of linear shrinkage of

soils and indicates the plastic properties of soils with a
low clay content.
EL24-1800 Shrinkage Mould. To produce a specimen
140 mm long x 12.5 mm radius. Weight 300 g.
Accessories EL24-1800 Shrinkage Mould

Vernier Calipers see Laboratory Equipment Section.
12
Determination of Density, Particle Particle Density: Pyknometer Methods

Density and Specific Gravity BS 1377, 812-2, EN 1097-7, EN 1997-2; ASTM D 854;
AASHTO T 100
The term density refers to mass per unit volume. The
density of a mass of soil is of interest to the engineer for These methods are generally suitable for fine-grained
a variety of reasons including the design of earthworks soils. The larger pycnometers are not usually suitable for
and foundations and in slope stability analysis. clay soils.
Particle density or specific gravity is a measure of the Ordering Information

actual particles which make up the soil mass and is
EL24-2885 Pyknometer. Glass jar complete with non-
defined as the ratio of the mass of the particles to the
corrodible cone. Capacity 1 kg.
mass of the water they displace. A knowledge of the
particle density is essential in relation to other soil tests. EL24-2890 Density Bottle 25 ml (Nominal capacity).
It is used when calculating porosity and voids ratio Supplied complete with capillary vent stopper. Conforms
and is particularly important when compaction and to BS 733 and ISO 3507. Gay-Lussac type.
consolidation properties are being investigated. The
majority of apparatus used for the various tests is general EL24-2900 Density Bottle 50 ml (Nominal capacity).
laboratory equipment. Supplied complete with capillary vent stopper. Conforms
to BS 733, and ISO 3507. Gay-Lussac type.
Gas Jar Method EL24-2950 Density Bottle 100 ml (Nominal capacity).
BS 1377, EN 1997-2 Supplied complete with capillary vent stopper.
Gay-Lussac type.
This method is suitable for soils containing up to 10% of
particles retained on a 37.5 mm BS sieve.
EL24-2830 Gas Jar. 1 litre capacity complete with
rubber bung and glass cover. Weight 1.4 kg.
EL24-2854/01 Mechanical End-over-End Shaker fitted
with friction safety device, capable of rotating two
EL24-2830 Gas Jars at approximately 50 rpm to satisfy
BS 1377. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
Density Bottles
EL24-2854/01 Mechanical End-over-End Shaker EL24-2885 Pyknometer
13

24 Soil Testing - Particle Size Distribution
Particle Size Distribution and Constant Temperature Bath

Sand Equivalent Value
Specially designed for the sedimentation testing of soils
The analysis of soils by particle size provides a and other fine grained material, the bath is supplied
useful engineering classification system from which with a false bottom to assist in circulation of the bath
a considerable amount of empirical data can be liquid. Will accommodate six Sedimentation Cylinders.
obtained.
Specification
Two separate and different procedures are used.
Sieving is used for gravel and sand size particles and Dimensions 535 x 210 x 610 mm external
sedimentation procedures are used for the finer soils. (l x w x h)
Capacity Holds up to 6 sedimentation cylinders
For soil containing a range of coarse and fine particles Construction Stainless steel with toughened glass
it is usual to employ a composite test of sieving and front
sedimentation procedures.
Temperature Heater/Thermostat/Circulation with
control Digital Controller Unit
The Sand Equivalent Test serves as a rapid field test to
Power 1500 Watts
show the relative proportions of clay-like or plastic fines
and dusts in granular soils and fine aggregates. Weight 12 kg
EL24-4865/01 Constant Temperature Bath for 220 –
240 V AC, 50 - 60 Hz, 1 ph.
EL24-4865/01 Constant Temperature Bath
14
24 Soil Testing - Particle Size Distibution
Sedimentation by the Hydrometer Soil Hydrometers

Method BS 1377, EN 1997-2; ASTM D422, E100; AASHTO T88
This method determines particle size distribution in a EL24-4620 Soil Hydrometer BS/EN DD ENV graduated
soil from the coarse sand size down to clay size (about 0.0995 to 1.030 g/ml.
2 µm). The test does not require the weighing accuracy
necessary for pipette sedimentation and is suitable for EL24-4640 Soil Hydrometer ASTM/AASHTO (152H)
use in site laboratories. graduated –5 to +60 g/litre.
EL24-4650 Soil Hydrometer ASTM D422. (151H)
Mechanical Analysis Stirrer graduated 0.0995 to 1.038 g/ml.
ASTM D422; AASHTO T88
Hydrometer Sedimentation
This compact, bench-top stirrer is used for dispersing soil Cylinder
samples in water for hydrometer analysis. The stirrer is BS 1337; ASTM D422; AASHTO T88
supplied complete with Mixing Paddle and Dispersion
Cup. Weight 4 kg.
Ordering Information EL24-4700 Hydrometer Sedimentation Cylinder.
1000 ml capacity complete with rubber bung.
EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer for 220 –
240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph.
Accessories
Accessories EL24-4800 Nomographic Chart for the determination
of Stoke’s Law.
EL24-4145 Sodium Hexametaphosphate, 500 g
Constant Temperature Bath see EL24-4865/01
Spares
EL24-4125/10 Mixing Paddle for EL24-4125/01
EL24-4125/11 Soil Dispersion Cup and Baffle for
EL24-4125/01
A comprehensive range of test sieves, sieve shakers and Soil Hydrometers

associated equipment are detailed in the Laboratory
Equipment section of the catalogue for the determination
of particle size distribution by sieving methods.
EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer
15

24 Soil Testing - Particle Size Distribution
Sand Equivalent Value Ordering Information

ASTM D2419; AASHTO T176 EL24-4919 Sand Equivalent Apparatus ASTM D2419
Set Includes Accessories

EL24-4925 Syphon Assembly with 5 litre polythene
4 Plastic measuring cylinders bottle. Supplied without rubber tubing.
1 Carrying case
1 Weighted foot assembly EL24-4930 Calcium Chloride 2.5 kg.
1 Irrigator tube
EL24-4932 Formaldehyde 40% solution, 2.5 litres.
1 Rubber tubing complete with pinch clip
1 Funnel EL24-4934 Glycerol Analar 2.5 litres.
Mechanical Sand Equivalent

Shaker
Recommended for use in laboratories performing
a large number of tests, motorised shakers provide
a consistent and repeatable oscillation, minimising
variation in test results.
EL24-4945/01 Mechanical Sand Equivalent Shaker
ASTM Method. Weight 32.0 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC,
50 Hz, 1 ph.
EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer
EL24-4945/01 Mechanical Sand Equivalent Shaker
16
24 Soil Testing - Compaction and CBR
Compaction Applications of Compaction

Many civil engineering projects use soils as fill material, Soil used as fill:
with soil normally being compacted to a dense state to
ensure that it has the optimum properties. u To refill an excavation or void
u To provide made-up ground to support a structure
Compaction on site is generally achieved by mechanical u As a sub-base for a road, railway or airfield runway
means such as rolling, ramming or vibrating. Precise u As a structure; e.g. an earth dam
control over the level of compaction is essential to
achieve best results at reasonable cost, with laboratory Improvement by compaction
compaction tests being used as they provide the basis for
control procedures that are subsequently used on site. u Higher stability
u Higher CBR Value
Compaction tests typically enable the following criteria u Lower compressibilty
to be established: u Lower permeability
u Lower frost susceptibility
u The relationship between dry density and moisture
content for a given degree of compactive effort. Effect on mass of fill
u The moisture content for the most efficient
compaction; that is, at which the maximum dry u Greater stability
density is achieved under that compactive effort. u Less settlement
u Less deformation
u The value of the maximum dry density achieved. u Less water absorption
u Less risk of frost heave
There are several different standard laboratory
compaction tests, with the most appropriate in each case
being based on the nature of the project, the type of soil
and the availability of equipment on site.
17

Compaction Test 2.5 kg Compaction Test 4.5 kg

BS 1377-4, 1924-2, EN 1997-2 BS 1377-4, 1924-2, EN 1997-2
This test method utilises a 2.5 kg hand compaction This test method utilises a 4.5 kg hand rammer
hammer and a one litre capacity compaction mould. resulting in a heavier compactive effort than the 2.5
kg test method. Compactive energy some 4.5 times
Often referred to as the ‘Proctor’ test it is suitable for greater is applied to the sample using the heavier
soils containing particles no larger than 20 mm. rammer.
The mould and hammer is manufactured from The method is often specified where higher levels
corrosion protected steel components to withstand the of compaction are necessary in a structure, e.g. an
heavy usage involved in the test. airfield sub-base material.
Compaction Mould, BS Manufactured from corrosion protected steel

components the 4.5 kg rammer is designed to
withstand heavy usage involved in the test method.
Specification
Mould volume 1 litre Compaction Rammer, 4.5 kg, BS
Dimensions 105 mm dia x 115.4 mm high
Construction All steel, threaded studs with wing nuts, Specification
plated
Rammer 50 mm dia, 4.5 kg
Weight 5.5 kg
Drop 450 mm
Guide sleeve Machined steel tubing with air pressure
Ordering Information release holes
EL24-9000 Standard Compaction Mould BS Finish Corrosion resistant
Weight 7.5 kg
Compaction Rammer, 2.5 kg, BS
Specification EL24-9004 Compaction Rammer 4.5 kg BS
Rammer 50 mm dia, 2.5 kg
Drop 300 mm Accessories
Guide sleeve Machined steel tubing with air pressure EL24-9010 Straight edge, 300 mm. Weight 600 g.
release holes
Finish Corrosion resistant
Weight 4.2 kg
EL24-9002 Compaction Rammer 2.5 kg BS
BS Compaction Mould and Rammers
18
Proctor Compaction Mould ASTM Compaction Mould

ASTM D558, D559, D560, D698, D1557; AASHTO T99, ASTM D698, D1557; AASHTO T99, T180
T134, T135, T136, T180
Specification
Specification
Dimensions 152.4 mm dia x 116.4 mm high
Dimensions 101.6 mm dia x 116.4 mm high
Rammer 1 /13.33 ft3
Rammer Mould volume 1/30 ft3 Mould volume
Construction All steel, threaded studs with Construction All steel, threaded studs with wing nuts,
wing nuts, plated plated
Weight 5.4 kg Weight 8.2 kg
Ordering Information Ordering Information

EL24-9060 Proctor Compaction Mould EL24-9066 ASTM Compaction Mould
Proctor Compaction Rammer ASTM Compaction Rammer

ASTM D558, D559, D560, D698; AASHTO T99, T134, ASTM D1557; AASHTO T180
T135, T136
Specification
Specification Rammer 2 in diameter, 10 lb
Rammer 2 in dia, 5.5 lb Drop 18 in
Drop 12 in Guide sleeve Machined steel tubing with air pressure
Guide sleeve Machined steel tubing with air pressure release holes
release holes Finish Corrosion resistant
Finish Corrosion resistant Weight 6.3 kg
Weight 4.1 kg
EL24-9070 ASTM Compaction Rammer
EL24-9063 Proctor Compaction Rammer
Accessories
Straight edge, 300 mm see EL24-9010
Proctor Compaction Mould and Rammer EL24-9066 ASTM Compaction Mould
19

Automatic Compaction of Soils
The time and effort required to prepare specimens for

compaction studies and other test methods can often
be costly and time-consuming. The use of an automatic,
mechanical compactor will show considerable cost
benefits over hand compaction methods. Two models
meeting the requirements of BS/EN and ASTM are
available.
Automatic Compactor
BS1377, EN 1997-2, 1924; ASTM D558, D560, D698,
D1557; AASHTO T99,T134,T135,T136,T180
u Pre-set blow pattern ensures even compaction

u Solid state controls for reliability and ease of
maintenance
u Automatic re-setting of counter after completion of
blow pattern
These machines automatically compact specimens
eliminating the laborious hand compaction method. The
height and weight of the rammer are adjustable to suit
test requirements.
EL24 9090 series Automatic Soil Compactor
An automatic blow pattern ensures optimum compaction with accessory mould
for each layer of soil. The rammer travels across the
mould and the table rotates the mould in equal steps on
a base that is extremely stable. The number of blows per
layer can be set at the beginning of the test.
Specification
Dimensions 430 x 240 x 1400 mm
lxwxh
Rammer BS/EN Circular faced, 50 mm dia, adjustable
to 2.5 kg or 4.5 kg weight.
ASTM Circular faced, 2 in (50.8 mm) dia,
adjustable to 5.5 lb (2.5 kg) or 10 lb
(4.5 kg) weight.
Drop BS/EN Adjustable to 300 mm or 450 mm
ASTM Adjustable to 12 in (305 mm) or 18
in (457 mm)
Weight 98 kg
EL24-9090/01 Automatic Soil Compactor, BS/EN
for 220-240 V AC 50Hz 1ph. EL24-9095 series Automatic Soil Compactor, ASTM
EL24-9095/01 for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph
Accessories
EL24-9095/02 for 110 – 120 V AC, 60 Hz, 1ph
Standard Compaction Mould see EL24-9000
BS CBR Mould Body see EL24-9198 Accessories
BS CBR Extension Collar see EL24-9200 Proctor Compaction Mould see EL24-9060
BS CBR Solid Base see EL24-9204 ASTM Compaction Mould see EL24-9066
20
California Bearing Ratio A number of options are available to collect and

analyse data with the ELE CBR-Test 50.
The California Bearing Ratio test, or CBR test as it is 1 Mechanical, using standard Load Rings and
usually termed, is an empirical test first developed in Penetration Dial Gauges.
California, USA, for estimating the bearing value of 2 Electronic, Load Transducers and Displacement
highway sub-bases and sub-grades. The test follows Transducers in conjunction with the ELE Electronic
a standardised procedure and there is little difference Control and Readout Unit supplied with
between BS/EN and ASTM tests. However, there are download software.
numerous ways of preparing samples and in this 3 Electronic, using Electronic measuring devices
respect American practice differs in detail from British as above in conjunction with the ELE DataSystem
practice. that provides full analysis of CBR Test data.
This test can be performed in the laboratory on CBR-Test 50 Machine

prepared samples or on location. It is important BS 1377, 1924; EN 13286-47; ASTM D1883;
to appreciate that this test, being of an empirical AASHTO T193
nature, is valid only for the application for which
it was developed, i.e. the design of highway base
thicknesses. u Two speed machine (BS/EN and ASTM)
u Rapid platen adjustment
u Complete with stabilising bar
u Compact, bench-mounting design
u Options for mechanical or electronic measurement
Designed for performing laboratory CBR tests to BS

1377, EN13286-47 and ASTM D1883, this bench
mounting machine comprises a twin column frame
incorporating a motorised drive system. Two speeds are
provided, 1.0 mm/min for BS/EN and 1.27 mm/min for
ASTM tests. Rapid adjustment of the platen is provided,
which enables daylight to be taken up quickly and also
close control of application of a seating load.
Specification
Dimensions l x w x h 550 x 400 x 1220 mm
Maximum vertical 800 mm
clearance
Horizontal clearance 255 mm
Platen diameter 133 mm
Platen travel 105 mm
Weight 80 kg
EL24-9150/01 CBR-Test 50. 50 kN load frame complete
with stabilising bar. For 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph
Electronic Control and Readout Unit see EL27-1200/09
Spares
EL24-9170 Stabilising Bar
EL24-9160 series CBR-Test 50 with accessories
21

MultiPlex 50 Machines
BS598, 1377, 1924; EN 12697-23, 24, 13286-47; ASTM
D1883; AASHTO T193
A versatile 50 kN capacity machine for performing

laboratory CBR, Marshall and Quick Undrained
Triaxial tests.
MultiPlex 50 see EL25-3700
Electronic Control and Readout Unit see EL27-1200/09
Penetration Piston and Dial Gauge Assembly
Penetration and Measurement

EL25-3700 series Multiplex 50 with Accessories
EL24-9182 Penetration Piston with 1.935 mm2 (3 in2)
Force Measurement area foot of case hardened steel. Designed to fit all ELE
load rings. Weight 3.7 kg.
A range of load rings will be required depending upon
the type of material being tested. EL24-9183 Penetration Piston as EL24-9182 but with a
coarse stem adjustment. This piston is particularly useful
Detailed below is a selected range of load rings that are for in-situ testing.
suitable for differing values of CBR. EL24-9184 Penetration/Swell Dial Gauge, ASTM.
1 in travel x 0.0005 in divisions. Complete with rack
Model no. Capacity Value of CBR extensions and chisel edge anvil. Weight 220 g.
EL78-0060 2 kN Up to 8% EL24-9186 Penetration Dial Gauge BS. 25 mm travel
EL78-0460 10 kN 8% to 40% x 0.01 mm divisions. Complete with rack extensions and
chisel edge anvil. Weight 220 g.
EL78-0760 28 kN Average range of CBR
EL78-0860 50 kN Above 40%
EL24-9188 Bracket and Adaptor dual purpose
mounting bracket for CBR penetration dial gauges.
Allows gauge to be fixed to penetration piston or load
Full details on the range of available load rings are in
ring. Weight 300 g.
Section 78, Load Measurement.
22
CBR Moulds and Accessories CBR Mould

ASTM D1883; AASHTO T193
A range of moulds and accessories designed
to meet relevant Standards. The equipment is Specification
manufactured from high quality materials and with
Mould 152.4 x 177.8 mm
regular maintenance will give years of satisfactory (inside diameter x height)
performance.
Collar 50.8 mm height, fits both ends of mould
CBR Mould Base plate Perforated
BS 1377, 1924; EN 13286-4, EN 1997-2 Construction All steel, plated
Weight 9 kg
Specification
Mould 152 x 127 mm
(inside diameter x height) EL24-9228 ASTM CBR Mould with collar and perforated
Collar 51 mm height, fits both ends of mould baseplate.
Base plate Solid, fits both ends of mould
Accessories
Construction All steel, plated
EL24-9236 ASTM CBR Cutting Collar to fit ASTM CBR
Weight 7.3 kg mould body, manufactured with a cutting edge to enable
undisturbed samples to be taken in the field. Weight 1.5 kg.
EL24-9238 ASTM CBR Spacing Disc. 150.8 mm
EL24-9198 BS/EN CBR Mould Body diameter x 61.4 mm deep. Weight 6.8 kg.
EL24-9200 BS/EN CBR Extension Collar EL24-9240 Filter Screen. 150 mm dia, 150 µm mesh
for use with ASTM mould.
EL24-9204 BS/EN CBR Solid Base/Top Plate
EL24-9243 4.5 kg Annular Surcharge Weight, ASTM
Accessories EL24-9244 5 lb Split Surcharge Weight, ASTM
EL24-9202 BS/EN CBR Perforated Base Plate EL24-9245 5 lb Annular Surcharge Weight, ASTM
to fit mould body. Weight 1.8 kg.
EL24-9250 Filter Papers, 150 mm diameter.
EL24-9206 CBR Cutting Collar to fit BS/EN mould body. Box of 100.
Weight 1.4 kg.
EL24-9208 C-spanner to fit BS/EN CBR moulds and
collars. Two required. Weight 1.7 kg each.
EL24-9210 Base Plate Tool to fit into base plate to assist
removal from mould body. Weight 700 g.
EL24-9212 Static Compaction Plug. Steel, 150 mm dia
x 51 mm thick. Complete with removable handle. Weight
7.3 kg.
EL24-9214 2 kg Annular Surcharge Weight, BS/EN
EL24-9216 2 kg Split Surcharge Weight, BS/EN
Tamping Rod see EL34-0130
Expansion (swell) Test Equipment
EL24-9220 Filter Papers, 150 mm diameter. Box of 100.
EL24-9260 Swell Plate with adjustable stem. Weight 540 g.
EL24-9262 Swell Tripod for mounting Swell Dial Gauge
in position on CBR mould collar. Weight 700 g.
Soaking Tank see EL34-6575/01
EL24-9275 Swell Dial Gauge, BS/EN. 25 mm travel x
0.01 mm.
Swell Dial Gauge, ASTM see EL24-9184
23

In-situ CBR Conversion of In-situ to Laboratory

CBR
The use of in-situ CBR apparatus on road construction
contracts enables the bearing capacity of soils to be The in-situ CBR jack assembly can be mounted in a
determined quickly and efficiently with minimum delay. simple conversion frame to measure CBR values in the
laboratory. The frame is used with the jack, a suitable
The BS 1377, BS 1924 and ASTM D4429 Standards
load ring, CBR mould and penetration piston.
describe in-situ test procedures.
EL24-9341 50 kN Conversion Frame to adapt the

mechanical jack for laboratory CBR tests. The frame is
of a two-column construction with an overhead beam to
accept the mechanical jack EL24-9290 and is supplied
complete with stabilising bar. Weight 53 kg.
Accessories
EL24-9290 45 kN capacity Mechanical Jack
28 kN Load Ring see EL78-0760

Penetration Piston see EL24-9183
Bracket and Adaptor see EL24-9188
EL24-9290 45 kN Capacity Mechanical Jack. The body Penetration Dial Gauge ASTM see EL24-9184
is corrosion protected and houses an enclosed worm and
wheel gear. The gear ratio has been carefully selected Penetration Dial Gauge BS see EL24-9186
to provide a handwheel speed that can be comfortably
maintained, particularly with soils of high CBR value. A
quick-release device in the screwjack allows the plunger
to be rapidly adjusted prior to the test. Weight 8.2 kg.
EL24-9298 Land Rover Bracket. Fits all models in Land
Rover series 90 and 110.
EL24-9300 Ball Seating Attachment for fitting between
the mechanical jack and reaction point. The ball seating
is used when testing on undulating ground to ensure that
the jack, load measuring ring and penetration piston are
truly vertical. Non-axial loading of the load ring will give
false results and will eventually damage the ring itself.
Weight 1.8 kg.
EL24-9308 Set of Extension Rods made from high-
quality steel with large-section thread for quick assembly.
EL24-9312 Datum Bar Assembly comprising 2 tripod
stands and a datum bar. Weight 5.7 kg.
EL24-9320 4.5 kg Annular Surcharge Weight
EL24-9322 4.5 kg Slotted Surcharge Weight
EL24-9248 9.1 kg Slotted Surcharge Weight
Penetration Piston see EL24-9183
Penetration Dial Gauge ASTM see EL24-9184
Penetration Dial Gauge BS see EL24-9186
Bracket and Adaptor see EL24-9188
Load Rings see Section 78 EL24-9341 50 kN Conversion Frame
24
25 Soil Testing - Consolidation
Consolidation
It is generally understood that clays and other

compressible soils can be subject to long-term
consolidation under the loads imposed by foundations
and above ground structures. Also that settlement may
occur even if the applied pressure is within the safe
bearing capacity of the soil.
Traditionally, consolidation has been measured with an

oedometer and this is generally known as the one-
dimensional consolidation test. We provide a range of
standard consolidation test equipment, with purpose-
written software for precise and fast statistical analyses,
plus specially designed pneumatic and hydraulic
consolidation cells, together with a wide choice of
options.
25

One-dimensional Consolidation Vertical Settlement Measurement

Various methods of measuring vertical settlement
The One-dimensional Consolidation test is used to
can be supplied. These range from dial gauges to
determine the consolidation characteristics of soils of displacement transducers. All devices comply with
low permeability. Tests are carried out on specimens the accuracy specified in BS 1377, ASTM D2435 and
prepared from undisturbed samples. Data obtained D4546. Displacement transducers are supplied with a
from these tests, together with classification data and calibration certificate.
a knowledge of the soils loading history, enables
estimates to be made of the behaviour of foundations The table below shows the range of devices available
under load. for fitting to the EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame.
Transducers are supplied complete with mounting
Consolidation Apparatus brackets as required.
BS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D2435, D4546; AASHTO
T216 Ordering Information
u High capacity – 8800 kPa on 50 mm diameter BS ASTM

specimens using 11:1 beam ratio Dial gauge 10 mm travel x EL25-0440 -
u Triple beam ratio, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1 0.002 mm div
u Compact unit ensures maximum space saving 10 mm displacement EL27-1649 EL27-1649
The ELE Oedometer is rigidly constructed to ensure transducer fitted with 5 pin
DIN plug
minimum frame distortion. The frame is designed to
load the specimen through a yoke assembly and one of
three alternative beam ratios. The beam is fitted with a
counterbalance weight and beam support jack.
The cell platform will accept the complete range of ELE

consolidation cells and is fitted with a central spigot to
ensure accurate centring of the cell under the loading
yoke. Dimensions without hanger 711 x 203 x 508 mm
(l x w x h). Weight 22 kg.
EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame supplied without dial
gauge and weights.
Accessories
EL25-0408 Set of Weights. 100 kg comprising 9 x 10
kg, 1 x 5 kg, 2 x 2 kg, 1 x 1 kg. Weight 100 kg.
For individual weights see EL26-2137 to EL26-2147.
EL25-0429 Floor-mounting Stand. A versatile Displacement Dial Gauge fitting
modular steel stand. Holes in the shelf are provided for
securing up to three EL25-0402 Consolidation Frames.
Dimensions 610 x 915 x 865 mm (l x w x h). Computer Controlled Recording
and Analysis
Geotechnical laboratories make extensive use of
computers and automated testing, and we offer specially
written software packages designed to record and
analyse test data. Presentation of results is in test report
format, giving geotechnical engineers total control over
all areas of analysis where an engineering judgement is
required.
Software packages are described in Section 27.

EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame
26
Consolidation Cells Typical Loading

BS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D2435, D4546; AASHTO
T216 The table below shows typical loading of cells giving unit
stress when used with EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame.
u Fixed ring type
u Integral water reservoir Cell model no. EL25-0455 EL25-0479 EL25-0503
u Choice of three sample sizes Application High ASTM BS/EN
The ELE fixed ring consolidation cells are manufactured pressure 10:1
from corrosion-resistant materials and conform to the Specimen dia 50 mm 2.5 inch 75 mm
requirements of the relevant Standards. An integral water Specimen 1963 mm2 4.909 inch2 4418 mm2
reservoir is incorporated in the cell, which allows the area
specimen to be inundated when required. All cells are
supplied complete with upper and lower porous disc, Beam ratio 10:1 10:1 9:1
pressure pad and cutting (specimen) ring. Load 1 kg 1.55 kg 1 kg
Stress 50 kPa 1000 lbf/ft 2
20 kPa
Consolidation Cells Typical max 8 MPa 103 200 3.2 MPa
stress lbf/ft2
Ordering Information Stress for 1 kg m2 50 kPa 645 lbf/ft2 20 kPa
Nominal 50 mm 2.5 inch 75 mm

sample
diameter
Consolidation EL25-0455 EL25-0479 EL25-0503
cell complete
Accessories
Calibration EL25-0461 EL25-0485 EL25-0509
disc
Spares
Cutting EL25-0458 EL25-0506
ring Fixed Ring Consolidation Cell
Pair of EL25-0455/13 EL25-0479/13 EL25-0503/13
porous
discs
Consolidation Cell components
27

25 Soil Testing - Permeability
Permeability In each case, we offer a full range of testing equipment

including:
Knowledge of the permeability characteristics of soil is u Constant Head Apparatus

essential for construction projects where drainage is an u Falling Head Apparatus
important element. In particular, permeability is a key u Combination Permeameter
parameter for the design and assessment of landfill sites, u Compaction Permeameter
the investigation of contaminated ground, the design of u Guelph Permeameter
earth dams and sheet pile walls, and in assessing the
potential for lowering groundwater levels.
In many applications, the use of a flow-net analysis

together with permeability data enables both the rate
of seepage of water through or under a structure to be
estimated, and seepage pressures to be calculated.
28
Constant Head Apparatus Ordering Information

BS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D2434; AASHTO T215 EL25-0580 Constant Head Permeability Cell, 75 mm
diameter
This equipment is used for testing the permeability of EL25-0591 Manometer Tubes and Stand comprising
granular soils (sands and gravels).The specimen is three glass tubes of constant bore, metre scale and
formed in a permeability cell and water is passed through connecting tubing for cell pressure take-off points, all
it from a constant level tank. Take-off points located mounted on a free-standing panel. Weight 2.8 kg.
along the sides of the permeability cell are connected to
three manometer tubes mounted on a panel complete EL25-0593 Constant Level Tank manufactured from
with a metre scale. Water passing through the specimen transparent plastic with attachment for wall mounting.
is collected and measured, either for a specific quantity The inlet, outlet and overflow pipes are fitted to the base
or over a period of time. The reduction of head is noted of the tank and can be adjusted for height within the
from the variation of water level in the manometer tubes. tank. Supplied complete with connecting tubing.
Weight 2.4 kg.
Specification
Cell model no. EL25-0580
Nominal Cell inside 75 mm
diameter
Cell wall Transparent plastic
Take-off points 3
End plates Anodised aluminium
Weight 2.6 kg
EL25-0580 Constant Head Apparatus
Constant Head Permeability Cell and Apparatus
29

Falling Head Apparatus Compaction Permeameter

Clays and silts are tested using the falling head These Permeameters are designed for performing either
technique. Flow of water through the specimen is constant head or falling head permeability tests on
observed by monitoring the rate of fall of water in the undisturbed, remoulded or compacted soils.
tube. It is essential that soils of very low permeability are
sealed inside the cylinder to prevent seepage along the
Specification
sides of the specimen. Before testing, the specimen must
be completely saturated with water as the presence of air Mould Machined seamless steel tubing, plated
will restrict the flow of water. Capacity 101.6 x 116.4 mm (inside dia x h) 1/30 ft3
Collar 50.8 mm high, machined
Specification
Top Overflow valve assembly and water
Cell Plated seamless tube 100 mm diameter connection
x 130 mm height
Base Cast aluminum, with inlet/outlet fitting
Base Porous plate with three tie rods
Porous 101.6 x 12.7 mm (diameter x thickness)
Top plate Machined to accept smaller tubes stone
Weight 3.4 kg Weights 5.4 kg
Ordering Information Ordering Information

EL25-0605 Falling Head Permeability Cell EL25-0607 Compaction Permeameter, 101.6 mm
EL25-0609 Standpipe Panel complete with three glass
tubes of 1.5, 3 and 5 mm diameter bore, approximately
1.4 metres long. Supplied with metre scale and thick
walled flexible tubing. The glass tubes are fitted to a
panel for wall mounting and connected to a 3-way outlet
valve.
EL25-0611 De-airing Tank manufactured from
transparent plastic with de-airing jet inlet and a flow
outlet connection with flexible tubing. The tank is
manufactured to withstand a reduced pressure and is
suitable for direct wall mounting. Weight 2.9 kg.
EL25-0613 Soaking Tank with fixed overflow. Used for
containing permeability cell during test. Weight 4.2 kg.
Falling Head Permeability Cell with manometer tubes EL25-0607 Compaction Permeameter
30
Combination Permeameter Ordering Information

Constant or Falling Head Methods EL25-0623 Combination Permeameter. Constant or
Falling Head.
u Plated steel chamber head assembly
u Corrosion-resistant cast aluminum base assembly
u Includes accessories for conducting both constant
and falling head permeability studies
This combination permeameter has a transparent plastic
chamber for soil specimens of either fine-grained or
coarse-grained soils. Generally, soils containing 10
percent or more particles passing a 75 µm sieve are
tested using the falling head assembly. More granular
soils, containing 90 percent or more particles retained
on the 75 µm sieve, are tested using the constant head
assembly.
The cell is sealed at the top so that a vacuum may be

used to saturate the specimen. Porous stones located at
the top and bottom of the cell prevent sample flaking or
washout.
For constant head tests, a plastic funnel reservoir is

mounted on an upright attached to the cell, providing
a maximum head of 550 mm. Falling head tests are
performed using the graduated pipette falling head
reservoir, which gives a maximum head of 1000 mm and
is graduated 0.2 ml.
Specification
Specimen size 63.5 x 63.5 mm (dia x l max) when
using lower chamber only, 63.5 x 140
mm (dia x l max) when using both lower
and extension chambers
Chamber Transparent plastic, two sections
Base Cast aluminium
Top seal Plated steel with gaskets
Porous stones 62.7 x 12.7 mm (diameter x thickness)
Constant head Plastic, funnel reservoir, 550 mm
maximum head
Falling head Graduated pipette, 100 ml x 0.2 ml,
1000 mm maximum head
Weight 5 kg EL25-0623 Combination Permeameter
31

Guelph Permeameter
ASTM D5126
u Lightweight and portable

u Robust construction
u Requires only 2.5 litres of water
u Results usually within 2 hours
The Guelph Permeameter is used to obtain accurate

measurements of hydraulic conductivity, soil sorptivity and
soil matrix flux potential. These three factors govern how
liquids will move through an unsaturated soil profile.
Recent significant advances in both the theoretical 1 Auger and prepare hole
and practical techniques of measuring soil hydraulic
conductivity have been made by the University of Guelph,
Canada. This has resulted in the development of the
Guelph Permeameter, utilising the Constant Head Well
principle.
Specification
Cell Plated seamless tube 100 mm diameter
x 130 mm height
Base Porous plate with three tie rods
Top plate Machined to accept smaller tubes
Weight 3.4 kg
2 Install Permeameter and fill with water
EL25-0650 Guelph Permeameter
Guelph Permeameter Set Includes:-

1 Field Tripod
1 Well Auger
1 Well Tripod
1 Preparation Tool
1 Hand Pump
1 Extension Kit (extends depth by 800 mm)
1 Collapsible Water Container
1 Set of Instructions and Carrying Case
3 Record changing water level and calculate results
EL25-0650 Guelph Permeameter
32
25 Soil Testing - Soil Strength (Triaxial)
Soil Strength (Triaxial)
The measurement of total stress or effective stress

requires different procedures and therefore different
equipment.
Total stresses are normally measured in a triaxial cell

where the sample is subject to an all round confining
pressure ( 3). A load is applied ( 1) through a piston
onto a pressure pad, with the sample being confined
within a rubber membrane so that no drainage in or out
of the specimen is allowed. Pore water pressures are
not normally measured and the undrained test is often
referred to as the QU-TXL test.
An extension of the QU test is the unconsolidated

undrained test (UU); this is similar to the QU test but
is run at a slower rate in order to measure pore water
pressure.
By comparison, effective stresses when measured in

a triaxial cell are more complex in their nature, as
numerous parameters can be measured. These include
back pressure, pore water pressure and volume change;
all of which can be used to calculate the required
engineering properties.
Effective stress tests are usually referred to as

consolidated drained (CD) or consolidated undrained
(CU). Generally the CD test is applicable to sands, while
both the CU or CD test can be used with clays. There
are many special test variations within these basic test
groupings.
Our range of triaxial cells and accessories, used in

conjunction with other equipment such as load frames,
pressure sources and measurement devices, have
been specifically designed to meet the wide ranging
requirements of modern soil mechanics laboratories.
Each system is easy to set up and use, providing accurate
and repeatable measurements.
33

34
Load Frames Digital Tritest 50

BS 1377-7, -8 1924-2, ASTM D2850 D4767, AASHTO
T296 T297
The range of ELE designed and manufactured load
frames is the most modern of its kind available to
the discerning test laboratory. The range comprises u Microprocessor control
capacities of 50 kN incorporating the latest u Large on-board LED screen display
microprocessor control systems, clear on-board screen u Direct entry via a touch sensitive keyboard
displays and a range of other high quality features. u Rapid approach and return to datum of platen
u Fully variable speed, 0.00001 to 9.99999 mm/min
u Samples up to 100 mm diameter
This 50 kN capacity machine, designed primarily

for triaxial testing of soil specimens up to 100 mm
diameter x 200 mm long, comprises a rigid twin
column construction with an integral fully variable
microprocessor controlled drive unit and LCD display
with a touch sensitive keyboard. The machine is
normally bench mounted for ease of installation and
operation.
The use of a microprocessor controlled drive system and

keyboard entry provides the Digital Tritest 50 with a wide
variety of features which include pause and speed reset
during test, RS 232C, operator programming of speed
and control functions, self test diagnostics and many
other features.
A robustly constructed steel case houses the motor

drive system with careful attention being given to the
prevention of ingress of water or grit. All operating
controls are mounted on the front panel of the machine,
which is angled and recessed to prevent physical and
environmental damage.
Specification
Maximum vertical 910 mm
clearance
Horizontal clearance 364 mm
Platen speed range 0.00001 to 9.99999 mm/min
EL25-3518/01 Digital Tritest 50 Rapid approach speed 25 mm/minute

Weight 140 kg
EL25-3518/01 Digital Tritest 50 complete with RS
232C interface. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
Accessories
EL25-3650 Unconfined Compression Platens and
Dial Gauge
35

MultiPlex 50 Accessories
BS 598, 1377, 1924; ASTM D3668, D1883;
AASHTO T193 Electronic Control and Readout Unit see EL27-
1200/09
u Large on-board LED screen display CBR Stabilising Bar see EL24-9170
u Fully variable speed, 0.5 to 50 mm/minute
EL25-3650 Unconfined Compression Platens and
u Rapid and momentary approach of platen
Dial Gauge
u Mechanical or electronic measurement
u Triaxial samples up to 100 mm diameter Applications
This 50 kN capacity machine has been designed u Marshall Stability tests
primarily for performing laboratory CBR, Marshall u BS and ASTM CBR tests
stability and quick undrained triaxial tests on one u Quick Undrained Triaxial tests
load frame. It is particularly suitable for those u Unconfined Compression tests
laboratories carrying out a mix of these tests, e.g.
for road construction. The compact bench mounting
design comprises a twin column frame incorporating
a motorised drive system. A robustly constructed case
houses the drive system, with careful attention being
given to the prevention of ingress of water or grit. All
operating controls are mounted on the front panel of the
machine.
Electronic measurement is achieved using the optional

EL27-1200/09 Electronic Control and Readout Unit
(ECU) and appropriate load and axial displacement
transducers, see catalogue Section 27. With digital
readout, data logging capability and download software
included as standard, the Multiplex 50/ECU combination
provides unique features safeguarding not only the
testing equipment, but also test integrity and accuracy.
Among these, the ECU will check its testing mode (CBR,
Marshall, etc) against the frame speed setting and will not
permit the test to run if these settings are incompatible.
The ECU automatically configures its logging rate for
each test type to comply with BS, ASTM or AASHTO
Standards. This means the data exported from the ECU
needs no further manipulation before analysis and
reporting. Finally, if the upper limits of the transducers are
exceeded, the ECU stops the load frame to protect the
test accessories and load frame drive system.
Specification
Maximum vertical clearance 800 mm
Horizontal clearance 265 mm EL25-3700 series MultiPlex 50
Platen speed range 0.5 to 50.0 mm/min
Rapid approach speed 40 mm/min
Weight 100 kg
EL25-3700/01 MultiPlex 50, mechanical load frame
supplied complete with CBR stabilising bar. For 220 –
240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph.
36
Triaxial Cells A feature of these cells is that they all accept a single
diameter piston. The internal height is such that a range
BS 1377; ASTM D2850, D4767; AASHTO T296, T297
of submersible load transducers can be fitted without
any modification. Each cell will accept a range of base
u Working pressure up to 1700 kPa adaptors and various accessories for testing a wide
u All round visibility range of specimens.
u Sample sizes 38 to 100 mm diameter
u Rapid assembly and dismantling Ordering Information
u Accepts a range of interchangeable submersible
load transducers Specification
Model number EL25-4047 EL25-4117 EL25-4157
This range of precision made triaxial cells has been Cell size 50 mm 70 mm 100 mm
designed to meet the requirements of the modern soils
laboratory. The cells have been treated to minimise Max. specimen 50 x 100 70 x 140 100 x 200
corrosion. Particular attention has been paid to the size mm mm mm
quality of finish between the piston and the head. Final
assembly includes the fitting of an O-ring seal and the Working 1,700 kPa 1,700 kPa 1,700 kPa
use of special lubricant to reduce friction to a minimum pressure
and eliminate water leakage.
Max. piston 45 kN 45 kN 45 kN
load
The piston load capacity is designed to accept high
horizontal forces which may be present during the final Vertical 380 mm 430 mm 515 mm
stages of a test. clearance
required
Each cell has five take-off positions drilled in the base for Horizontal 155 mm 180 mm 255 mm
top drainage/back pressure, pore water pressure and clearance
bottom drainage. required
Two no-volume change valves and an anvil for strain Weight 4 kg 7.3 kg 14.3 kg
gauge/transducer datum are supplied for fitting to
the cell.
Triaxial Cells with Base Adaptors
37

Accessories for Triaxial cells Specimen Base Adaptor

Aggressive Materials Each cell will require the correct size of specimen base
adaptor relative to the size (diameter) of sample to be
Although all products are treated to inhibit corrosion, tested.
certain aggressive materials may attack the metal
components. Examples of this are samples obtained Note: all base adaptors are double perforated for
from the seabed or containing high concentrations of bottom drainage/pore pressure measurement. They are
sulphates or chlorides. supplied complete with a solid disc for use in tests where
no drainage is required.
Where aggressive materials are to be tested, ELE will be
pleased to offer advice on any special requirements. Compatibility of Base Adaptors
Ordering Information with Cells
EL25-8090 Silicone Grease Lubricant Tube
EL25-4200 Piston Restraint Clamp to lock loading
piston in position.
Specimen Cell model number
Submersible load transducers see EL27-1573 and size
EL27-1575 EL25-4047 EL25-4117 EL25-4157
Maximum Maximum Maximum
specimen dia specimen dia specimen dia
50 mm 70 mm 100 mm
38 mm EL25-4166 - -
50 mm EL25-4168 EL25-4174 -
70 mm - EL25-4176 -
100 mm - - EL25-4186
Base Adaptors
Tritest 50 complete with Triaxial Cell and Transducers
38
Axial Displacement (strain) and

Load Measurement
Various methods of measuring axial displacement and
load can be supplied.
All devices comply with the accuracy specified in BS

1377; ASTM D2850, D4767. Displacement and load
transducers are supplied with a calibration certificate.
EL25-4210 Dial Gauge. 25 mm travel x 0.01 mm.
Accessories
50 mm Displacement Transducer. 5 pin DIN socket see
EL27-1617
Various methods of measuring load can be supplied,
these include load rings, S-type and submersible load
transducers. The capacity of the load measurement
device will invariably be selected with reference to the
type of specimen and its size. For detailed specification of
axial displacement and load measurement devices refer
to EL27 and EL78 sections of the catalogue.
As a general guide, suggested load measurement

capacities are as follows:
Type of Soil Capacity (max)

Clays 4.5 kN
Frictional materials 20 kN
Soft rocks, frictional soils at high cell pressures 50 kN
Sample Preparation
Sample Diameter 38 mm 50 mm 70 mm 100 mm
O-Ring placing tool EL25-4290 EL25-5470 EL25-6470 EL25-7610
Suction membrane device EL25-5100 EL25-5480 EL25-6480 EL25-7640
Two-way split former EL25-5120 EL25-5500 EL25-6500 EL25-7650
Two-part split mould EL25-5130 EL25-5530 EL25-6530 –
10 ml single-tube drainage burette EL25-4540 EL25-4540 EL25-4540 –
Valve complete with 6 mm connector EL25-4520 EL25-4520 EL25-4520 EL25-4520
Quick undrained tests

The following items will be required in addition to those listed for quick undrained tests:
Pressure Pad EL25-5050 EL25-5430 EL25-6430 EL25-7590

Rubber membrane (pack of 10) EL25-5061 EL25-5441 EL25-6441 EL25-7621
Length 150 mm 200 mm 250 mm 330 mm
Thickness 0.25 – 0.3 mm 0.25 – 0.3 mm 0.25 – 0.3 mm 0.25 – 0.3 mm
Membrane sealing ring (pack of 10) EL25-5081 EL25-5461 EL25-6461 EL25-7631
Additional items for consolidated undrained and drained tests

Porous disc (pack of 2) EL25-5181 EL25-5561 EL25-6561 EL25-7661
Filter paper drain (pack of 50) EL25-5200 EL25-5580 EL25-6580 EL25-7670
39

De-aired Water
It is particularly important that water from which dissolved

air has been removed is used in the pore pressure
measurement system and saturation procedures. Any
dissolved air in the water will lead to errors in the
measurement of pore pressure, particularly at low
pressures, and also give slow or incorrect saturation
results.
ELE De-aired Water Apparatus

BS 1377
This compact self-contained unit will de-air water

quickly and efficiently down to levels of dissolved oxygen
acceptable for geotechnical test methods.
Air is removed from the water by a vacuum system, which

continuously circulates the water in the tank.
The unit is supplied with a clear water container, which

will hold a maximum of 15 litres of water. Input and
output lines are formed using standard 6 mm tube
connectors. Dimensions 380 x 356 x 470 mm (l x w x h).
Weight 13 kg.
EL25-1833/01 ELE De-aired Water Apparatus EL25-1833/01 ELE De-aired Water Apparatus
for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
40
26 Soil Testing - Pressure Systems
Pressure Systems Pressure Reducing Panels and

Bladder Assemblies
The provision and use of constant pressure systems Compressed air must be controlled and delivered to a
in the geotechnical laboratory is essential if testing system designed to transfer the controlled pressure to
methods and equipment are to be fully utilised. the fluid (usually water), which applies the various test
Generally a number of independent and variable pressures, e.g. a confining pressure in a triaxial test.
pressure sources will be required in a laboratory.
Accurate and reliable monitoring systems will also be The pressure reducing panels are used in conjunction
required, which may range from a single pressure with a bladder-type air/water interface assembly. Each
gauge through a whole series of transducers. individual pressure take off from the reducing panel will
require a bladder interface assembly.
We offer a range of products designed to supply and
monitor all those parameters necessary for the successful Connection of the reducing panels to the compressor/
testing of geotechnical materials. Two types of constant water trap outlet and to other reducing panels requires
pressure systems are available: the use of EL26-1769 Nylon Tubing.
1. Air/water system operated by a pneumatic Ordering Information
compressor
2. A motorised oil/water system EL26-1746 Bladder-type Air/Water Pressure Assembly
with transparent plastic chamber for operating
continuously at pressures up to 1000 kPa. A length of
Air/Water Constant Pressure tubing is provided for connecting the air/water cylinder
System outlet to a pressure measuring system. Weight 5.6 kg.
Where a laboratory requires a number of constant but Spare

independent and variable pressure sources, the use of a EL26-1746/10 Replacement Bladder
pneumatic compressor is recommended. Depending on
the capacity and volume of the unit, a series of pressure EL26-1760 1000 kPa Two-way Pneumatic Pressure
sources can be provided to various test stations around Reducing Panel comprising two constant pressure
the laboratory. Two sizes of compressor are available. reducing valves with inlet water trap and pressure
indicator. The unit allows a maximum output pressure of
1000 kPa. Maximum input pressure should not exceed
Ordering Information 1400 kPa. The panel has an inlet connector to accept
700 kPa Air Compressor Unit see EL83-1730/01 EL26-1769 Nylon Tubing from the Air Compressor and
two 6 mm outlets for connecting EL26-1746 Bladder-
1000 kPa Air Compressor Unit see EL83-1735/01 type Air/Water Pressure Assemblies. An outlet connector
is fitted for the connection of an additional panel using
EL26-1769 Nylon Tubing to increase the total capacity of
the system. This outlet is blanked off when not required.
Weight 4 kg.
Accessory
EL26-1769 Nylon Tubing. 30 metre length. For
pressures up to 1700 kPa. Used for connecting Air
Compressors to Pneumatic Pressure Reducing Panels, or
for connecting two Pressure Reducing Panels together.
Weight 2 kg.
EL26-1746 Bladder-type Air/Water Pressure Assembly EL26-1760 1000 kPa Two-way Pneumatic
Pressure Reducing Panel
41

6-Way Pressure Distribution Panel Twin-burette Volume Change Unit

The six-way pressure control systems have been designed Fitted with reversing valve and by-pass valve. The unit is
specifically for the monitoring of up to six independent fitted with burettes graduated 0 to 100 ml x 0.2 ml and is
pressures. They are particularly useful for setting up and mounted on a solid panel for wall or bench mounting.
controlling a 3-cell effective stress system using three
independent cells and three independent back pressures. Ordering Information
EL26-1872 is for use with pneumatic systems. The panel EL26-1892 Twin-burette Volume-change Unit
is used in conjunction with EL26-1880 Universal Pump supplied with 100 ml capacity x 0.2 ml burettes. Weight
and Pressure Indicating Panel which provides pressure 8.3 kg.
monitoring and facilities for filling and de-airing the
system. Accessories
EL26-1900 Red Dye, Kerosene-soluble
EL26-1872 6-Way Pneumatic Pressure Panel
comprising six pneumatic control valves mounted in a System Accessories
housing for controlling six independant outlets. Supplied
with connection ports for coupling panel to EL26-1880.
Maximum inlet pressure 1400 kPa maximum outlet Ordering Information
pressure 1000 kPa. EL26-1922 6 mm Connector with sealing washer
EL26-1926 Nylon Opaque Tubing. 6 mm outside
diameter x 4 mm inside diameter. For use up to a
pressure of 3500 kPa. Priced per metre.
EL26-1928 6 mm Elbow Connector
EL26-1930 6 mm T-connector
EL26-1892 Twin-burette Volume-change Unit
42
Oil/Water Constant Pressure Modular Pressure Panel System

System
u Modular system for flexibility
u 0 to 1700 kPa (250 lbf/in2) fully variable u Wall mounting
u Continuous constant pressure control u Four outlets
u One litre capacity u 6 mm diameter pipework for quick filling and
draining
The ELE oil/water constant pressure system, PressureTest u Standard type valves on all units – on/off with no
1700, is extremely versatile and can be used in volume change
conjunction with a wide range of test equipment. The unit u Ideal system for geotechnical laboratories
provides continuous variable pressure up to 1700 kPa.
Pressure is increased or decreased simply by turning a This modular system provides flexibility and cost saving
control wheel. by enabling only those units that are relevant to the
particular testing requirements to be selected. It is simple
The apparatus is supplied without a gauge for those to update the system with the addition of other units,
customers who have suitable pressure monitoring which can be quickly connected together.
equipment. A digital pressure gauge is offered as an
accessory. The units may be used with a variety of pressure systems,
such as pneumatic and oil/water, and are designed to
The machine features a clear hydraulic/water interface accept pressures up to 1700 kPa where appropriate.
reservoir and up to one litre capacity of water is available
under pressure.
Universal Pump and Pressure
Ordering Information Indicating Panel
EL26-1800/01 PressureTest 1700. Dimensions (without
gauge) 240 x 400 x 500 mm (l x w x h). Weight 17 kg. This is the main pressure display in the system for
For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph. monitoring various pressures and also provides fine
control of pressure within the system using the rotary
hand pump. The unit is fitted with a dual calibrated
Accessories 250 mm diameter pressure gauge, four inlet/outlet
EL26-1820 Digital pressure gauge 1700 kPa no-volume change valves, screw controlled rotary hand
pump, water reservoir and isolating valves. The unit is
Spares housed in a hinged case for wall or bench mounting.
By using an isolating valve the panel may be used to
EL26-1805 Oil, 5 litres monitor cell or back pressure.
EL26-1880 Universal Pump and Pressure Indicating
Panel with dual calibrated pressure gauge, 1700 kPa
and 250 lbf/in2. Weight 12 kg.
Spare
EL26-1865/10 Pressure Gauge 1700 kPa. 250 mm
diameter. Weight 2.5 kg.
EL26-1800 series Pressure Test 1700
EL26-1880 Universal Pump and Pressure Indicating Panel
43

26 Soil Testing - Direct Shear and Vane Tests
Direct Shear and Vane Tests Ordering Information

EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear
Every building or structure that is built in or on the earth Apparatus supplied without shearbox, load ring, vertical
imposes loads on the soil supporting the foundations. and horizontal dial gauges.
The stresses set up in the soil cause deformation of the
EL26-2114/01 for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
soil with stress failure being caused by slippage of soil
particles, which may lead to sliding of one body of soil EL26-2114/02 for 110 – 120 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
relative to the surrounding mass.
The process is known as shear failure and occurs

when shear stresses set up in the soil mass exceed the
maximum shear resistance that the soil can offer, i.e. its
shear strength.
Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus

BS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D3080
u Microprocessor control
u Large on-board LCD screen display
u Direct entry via touch sensitive keyboard
u Rapid approach and return to start datum
u Fully variable speed, 0.00001 to 9.99999
mm/minute
u Accepts specimens up to 100 mm square
The ELE Direct Shear Apparatus accepts specimens 60

mm, 100 mm square or 2.5 inches in diameter.
The use of a microprocessor controlled drive system

and keyboard entry gives the apparatus a wide range EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual
of features that include pause and speed reset during Shear Apparatus
test, RS 232C interface, operator programming of speed
and control functions, self test diagnostics and many
other features. A return to start datum provides a positive
means of reversing the shearbox when either preparing Measurement of Load
for a new test or continuing with residual testing (Shear Stress)
procedures.
Safety forward/reverse travel limit switches are fitted as Various methods of measuring load can be supplied. All
standard and monitored through the electronics system load measurement devices comply with the requirements
control. for accuracy specified in BS 1377 and ASTM D3080.
Transducers are supplied with a calibration certificate.
The electronics are housed in a modern moulded shroud,
which includes a large LCD display and keyboard entry. The table below shows a range of devices available for
The apparatus is enclosed in a robustly constructed case, fitting to EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear
has been designed for floor mounting and is supplied Apparatus. For detailed specification refer to relevant
complete with carriage, loading hanger and 10:1 lever catalogue sections.
loading device.
Capacity 2 kN 3 kN 4.5 kN
Specification Load ring EL78-0060 EL78-0160 EL78-0260
Dimensions (l x w x h) 1140 x 275 x 1260 mm compression
only
Speed range
Standard speeds 0.00001 to 9.99999 mm S-type Load Cell
Fast forward/reverse 10 mm per minute 5.0 kN capacity see EL27-1561
Weight 82 kg
44
Measurement of Horizontal and Shear Box Assemblies

Vertical Movement BS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D3080
Horizontal and vertical movement is measured using dial All shearbox assemblies are designed to fit the carriage
gauges or displacement transducers. All devices comply of EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear
with the accuracy specified in BS 1377 and ASTM D3080 Apparatus. They are supplied complete with two porous
and are supplied with a calibration certificate. plates, one retaining plate and a loading pad. The three
sizes supplied comply with the relevant requirements of
The table below shows devices available for fitting
BS 1377 and ASTM D3080. All assemblies can be used
to EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear
Apparatus. For detailed specification refer to relevant for quick shear tests or drained/residual shear tests.
catalogue sections. All devices are supplied complete with
mounting brackets as required. Optional accessories are available including specimen
cutters and extrusion tools. The table shows the complete
range of shearbox assemblies and accessories.
Vertical Dial Gauge see EL25-0440
Horizontal Dial Gauge see EL83-5456 Shearbox Assemblies
Vertical Displacement Transducer see EL27-1689
Horizontal Displacement Transducer see EL27-1697 EL26-2181 EL26-2197 EL26-2213
Specimen 60 x 60 mm 100 x 100 2.5 inch dia
Application of Normal Stress area mm
Specimen 25 mm 25 mm 1 inch
thickness
Normal stress is applied to the specimen through the
lever loading device and the appropriate slotted weights, Weight 2 kg 5.2 kg 2.8 kg
which can be selected from the table below. Relevant BS 1377 BS 1377 ASTM
Standard D3080
Slotted Weights
Model no. Weight
Accessories and Spares
EL26-2132 50 kg Set of Weights, comprising:
4 x 10 kg, 1 x 5 kg, 2 x 2 kg, 1 x 1 kg Porous EL26-2181/10 EL26-2197/10 EL26-2213/10
Disc
EL26-2137 10 kg
Specimen EL26-2185 EL26-2201 EL26-2217
EL26-2139 5 kg Cutter
EL26-2141 2 kg Specimen EL26-2189 EL26-2205 EL26-2221
EL26-2143 1 kg Extrusion
Tool
EL26-2145 0.5 kg
EL26-2147 0.25 kg Application of Normal Stress
We offer software packages designed to record and
analyse test results. Presentation of results is in test report
format giving geotechnical engineers total control over
all areas of analysis where an engineering judgement is
required.
Software packages are described in the EL27 section of

the catalogue.
Control system of EL26-2114 series Digital

Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus
45

Pocket Shearmeter Inspection Vane

The shearmeter can be used on tube samples, on the This instrument is an essential tool for civil engineers
sides of pits, cuttings etc. It is an invaluable tool for initial involved in site investigation work. The unit is supplied in
site investigation work. kit form with a carrying case incorporating the measuring
head, extension rods, vanes, etc. The measuring head
Ordering Information comprises a T-handle that is spring-loaded against the
EL26-2261 Pocket Shearmeter complete with sensitive extension rod adaptor. Weight 3 kg.
vane, standard vane and high-capacity vane. Range 0 to
1 x 0.05 kgf/cm2. Weight 300 g. Ordering Information
EL26-3335 H-60 Field Inspection Vane Tester. Range 0
to 260 kPa, in carrying case with 6 x 0.5 metre extension
rods, 3 vanes, dummy vane and tools. Supplied complete
with Calibration Certificate.
Spares
EL26-3335/11 H-605 Extension Rod
EL26-2261 Pocket Shearmeter
Laboratory Vane Apparatus

BS 1377
The equipment is based on a design by the Transport

Research Laboratory, England, and is available in hand
or motorised versions. Stress is applied through the 12.7
x 12.7 mm vane by means of any one of four calibrated
springs. The motorised version produces a shearing rate
of 10º per minute. EL26-3335 H-60 Field Inspection Vane Tester
EL26-2270 Laboratory Vane Apparatus.
Hand-operated, complete with 4 calibrated springs and
a 12.7 mm diameter x 12.7 mm long vane.
Weight 7.5 kg.
Accessories
EL26-2281 Vane. 12.7 mm diameter x 19 mm long.
EL26-2283 Vane. 12.7 mm diameter x 25.4 mm long.
Spares
EL26-2275/10 Set of 4 Calibrated Springs for
Laboratory Vane Apparatus.
EL26-2279 Vane. 12.7 mm diameter x 12.7 mm long.
EL26-2270 Laboratory Vane Apparatus

46
27 Soil Testing - Electronic Instrumentation
Data Logging, Software and At ELE we have long specialised in the development
of intelligent processing and recording systems.
Electronic Instrumentation Over the years, our knowledge, skills and resources
have enabled us to help customers move from the
u Multi-tasking early stages of simple digital readout units, through
u Stand-alone systems dedicated computer control, to the latest intelligent
u Digital readout units stand-alone data acquisition systems.
u Total solutions
u Systems consultancy service In each case our expertise in both hardware and software
u Wide range of PC compatibility allows us to deliver dedicated condition monitoring
and software solutions that meet the exact needs of our
customers, while retaining optimum system performance,
functionality and reliability.
Important Ordering Information

To ensure that we are able to respond quickly and
accurately to your enquiry please be prepared to give us
as much information as possible on your hardware and
peripherals.
Our team of highly qualified engineers are always

available to provide technical advice and will, if
necessary, design turnkey laboratory facilities around
your requirements.
47

ELE Datasystem Geotechnical The system has been tailored to suit the requirements
of a wide range of customers including commercial
Testing testing laboratories, educational and government bodies.
Contractors and consultants will quickly realise the
u System comprises software, ADU datalogger and productivity benefits of ELE DataSystem, while students
Transducers in educational institutions will have the added benefit
of direct involvement in the use of computer technology
u Options available for Triaxial, Consolidation,
related to conventional materials testing methods.
Direct/Residual Shear and CBR tests
u Automates data logging, analysis and reporting to Through ELE DataSystem and your computer, you will
British Standards and ASTM/AASHTO achieve not only professional testing procedures in
u Accurate and repeatable test procedures accordance with industry standards, but also cost-effective
u Multi-tasking; perform several tests concurrently benefits in productivity and reduced operator fatigue.
u Easily expandable You can eliminate the need for overtime, night shifts
u Import and export of sample data in AGS format and weekend shifts for data logging purposes, while
automated logging enables greater utilisation of working
The ELE DataSystem is a unique instrument designed hours. Considerable time can also be saved in the
to interface with laboratory testing equipment, thereby recording and calculation of tests, with automatic printing
allowing technicians to perform other activities. It and plotting of test results for direct entry into reports.
provides geotechnical engineers with fully automated
data collection and analysis capabilities for the The ELE DataSystem can be configured to work on a wide
laboratory. variety of laboratory testing devices, including equipment
not manufactured by ELE. Our highly trained technical
service group is always available to help develop a
system that best meets your requirements.
ELE Datasystem equipment can be divided into three main groups
ELE DataSystem Software ELE Autonomous Data Acquisition ELE DataSystem series
Specially writeen spftware packages Unit (ADU) Transducers
designed to record, analyze, and report A sophisticated data acquisition unit A complete range of transducers linking
test data guiding the user through testing with on-board intelligence and memory popular geotechnical soils testing devices
procures in accordance with British capability. to the ADU.
Standards or ASTM/AASHTO.
Datasystem 7 Geotechnical DataSystem 7 Geotechnical software is a powerful data

analysis and reporting software suite designed to work in
Software conjunction with ELE’s ADU datalogger and Transducers.
The software incoporates advanced features such as
u Windows® compatible software packages intelligent data analysis, automatic report generation (MS
u Automatic Report Generation in accordance Word required), and AGS data exchange compatibility.
with British Standards and ASTM/AASHTO
(MS Word required)
u Real-time graphical outputs both to screen and
printer as required
u Tests can be performed using SI, Imperial or
Metric units
u Test stages have built-in functions to aid ‘on the
fly’ calculation of set-up parameters where
appropriate
48
Autonomous Data Acquisition Unit S-type Load Cells

(ADU)
u Repeatability better than ± 0.02% of rated output
u Up to 32 input channels u Non-Linearity better than ± 0.03% of rated output
u Up to 100 readings per second in normal u Supplied complete with 5-pin DIN type connector
multi-tasking mode for connection to ADU
u Standard RS 232C interface
u Compatible with a complete range of transducers Ideally suited for a wide range of applications, ELE
for almost any test requirements S-type load cells provide high accuracy and minimum
deformation. Various models are available, with the
necessary adaptors, for use with ELE Triaxial Load
The ADU is a sophisticated data acquisition unit that
Frames, Multiplex 50/Marshall Test 50/CBR Test 50 and
provides the link between your computer and the
Direct Shear machine.
transducers connected to test equipment.
With complete on-board intelligence and memory Specification

capabilities, the ADU takes control of the data acquisition Excitation 10 V AC or DC
process. The user is not required to do any programming.
All test initiation functions and data transfer procedures Output Non 2.7 mV/V nominal better than ±
are handled by the microcomputer and ADU software. Linearity 0.03% of rated output
With all real time activities controlled by the ADU, the Construction Aluminium alloy/stainless steel
computer may be used for other purposes while testing is
in progress. Environmental IP65
protection
Housed in a free-standing case, the ADU is supplied
complete with an 8-channel input module. The unit can Ordering Information
easily be upgraded to a capacity of 32 channels through
the optional 8-channel Expansion Modules. S-type Load Cells for triaxial tests
EL27-1551 5.0 kN capacity
S-type Load Cells for CBR and Marshall tests
EL27-1559 50 kN capacity
S-type Load Cell for use with Direct Shear Machine
Specification
Dimensions 406 x 445 x 178 mm
(l x w x h)
Case Free-standing, houses power supply,
analogue to digital conversion mod-
ule, 128k bytes of memory storage
and an 8-channel analog input mod-
ule with transducer energisation
Sockets Standard 5-pin DIN type
Input range ± 5 volts to ± 10 mV full scale
Transducer supply 10 V DC
Weight 11.3 kg
EL27-1495/01 Autonomous Data Acquisition Unit
(ADU) for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph.
S-type Load Cells
Accessory
EL27-1502-Channel Expansion Analogue Input
Module
49

Submersible Load Transducers

u Eliminates effects of piston friction on readings
u Unaffected by cell confining pressures
u Easily installed in triaxial cell
u Supplied complete with calibration certificate and
5-pin DIN type connector for use with ADU
Submersible Load Transducers are used to measure

accurately the axial loads applied to triaxial test
specimens. Consisting of a load cell and piston assembly
these units replace the standard triaxial cell loading
piston. A major advantage is that these transducers
measure loads directly on top of the specimen. All Displacement Transducer
transducers are supplied complete with a 5-pin DIN type
connector and calibration certificate.
Specification
Displacement Transducers
Dimensions 75 x 50 mm (dia x h) excluding
piston and adaptor u Ideally suited for use with ADU for accurate
displacement measurements
Overload capacity 150%
u Models available for use in consolidation, shear,
Output 26 mv full range CBR and triaxial test applications
Excitation 10 V DC (15 V DC max) u Supplied complete with mounting hardware for
specified products
Non-linearity 0.1% maximum
Hysteresis Deflection 0.1% maximum 0.05 mm at full Displacement Transducers are used in consolidation,
load shear, CBR and triaxial test applications for accurate
Side force 50% full scale maximum without displacement measurements. They are supplied complete
effect with a 5-pin DIN type connector for direct connection to
the ADU.
Connector 5-pin DIN plug
Compensated 0 to 50°C Specification
temperature range Construction Fully encapsulated electronics,
Weight 850 g sealed in a stainless steel case
Excitation 10 V DC
Ordering Information Connector 5-Pin DIN type

Mounting bracket Included as standard
EL27-1573 5.0 kN capacity Submersible Load
Transducer Weight 0.45 kg
EL27-1575 10 kN capacity Submersible Load

Transducer Ordering Information
Accessory EL27-1617 Axial Strain Transducer.
0 to 50 mm range. For use with Triaxial Cells.
EL27-1293 Distance Piece required when using
submersible load cells. EL27-1649 Consolidation Displacement Transducer.
0 to 10 mm range. For use on One-dimensional
Consolidation Apparatus.
EL27-1689 Vertical Displacement Transducer.
0 to 10 mm range. For use with Direct/Residual Shear
Machines.
EL27-1697 Horizontal Displacement Transducer.
0 to 10 mm range. For use on Direct/Residual Shear
Machines.
EL27-1705 CBR Displacement Transducer.
0 to 50 mm range. For use on CBR Tritest and Multiplex
Series Load Frames.
50
Volume Change Transducer Pressure Transducer

u Reversing valves to increase capacity Pressure Transducers are used to measure the cell, pore
u Steel case for wall mounting and access to piping and back pressures during triaxial testing. Assemblies are
u Supplied complete with calibration certificate supplied complete with a de-airing block, valve, 5-pin
DIN plug connector and calibration certificate.
The Volume Change Transducer provides continuous
measurements of volume change during the triaxial test. Specifications
The assembly includes a valve to reverse the flow through
Construction Stainless steel
the unit, providing increased capacity.
Excitation 10 V DC
Specification Output 143 mV full range
Overall dimensions 178 x 229 x 368 mm Thread ¼“ BSP
(l x w x h)
Maximum pressure 1700 kPa
Excitation 10 V DC
EL27-1633 Pressure Transducer, 1700 kPa
Output 1.25 full range
Capacity 80 ml Digital Pressure Gauge
Connector 5-Pin DIN type
Weight 4.5 kg The Digital Pressure Gauge offers highly accurate
pressure measurement and digital readout for ELE triaxial
cells.
EL27-1641 Volume Change Transducer
EL27-1620 Digital Pressure Gauge,1700 kPa, for ELE
Triaxial Cells
EL27-1641 Volume Change Transducer EL27-1620 Digital Pressure Gauge
51

The software runs on a computer connected to the

ELE ADU data logger with transducers and has
been designed and written for use by engineers and
technicians.
Each package is user-friendly and guides the user

through the test procedure in accordance with the
selected Standard (BS or ASTM/AASHTO). Standard
u Windows® compatible programs available for
screen layouts present sample details, test stage, menu
Triaxial, Permeability Consolidation, Direct/
options and data entry.
Residual Shear and CBR tests
u Automatic Report Generation in accordance
with British and ASTM /AASHTO Standards (MS The engineer has total control over those areas of
Word required) analysis where an engineering judgement is required.
u Real-time graphical outputs both to screen and The test techniques and methods follow generally
printer as required during test accepted geotechnical engineering practice.
u Tests can be performed using SI, Imperial or
Metric units All test data and reports are automatically filed in a folder
u Comprehensive Help screens structure based on Job Number, Test Type and Sample
u Facility to enlarge on-screen transducer readings Number. Files for each test are given a unique name,
during test monitoring
based on sample ID, date and time. This system allows
u AGS (Association of Geotechnical and
easy identification of historical test data and ensures that
Geoenvironmental Specialists) file compatibility for
electronic exchange of data test data will never be accidentally overwritten.
u 5-slope transducer calibration facility for higher
accuracy To take full advantage of the extensive reporting facility
u Useful built-in calculators (e.g. for determining the package provides, Microsoft Word (Version 97 or
rates of strain, weights for consolidation, etc) later) should be resident on the system. This facility will
allow reports to be generated automatically.
With the growing demand for automated testing, we
offer the DataSystem 7 suite of geotechnical data
acquisition, analysis and reporting software providing The packages of software required are accessed by an
significant efficiency benefits in high volume testing activation code, supplied by ELE, allowing the customer to
laboratories. build up a suite of software on an as required basis. Each
module is self-contained and can be integrated into the
DataSystem 7 is designed to record, analyse and report system at any time.
test data per British, ASTM and AASHTO Standards, for
Quick-undrained Triaxial, CU/CD Triaxial, Permeability in
a triaxial cell in accordance with BS 1377, Consolidation,
Direct/Residual Shear and CBR tests.
52
DS7 Geotechnical Software Ordering Information

EL27-1765 Permeability in a Triaxial Cell Software (BS
u Tests are run with step-by-step instructions 1377). This program provides data for the determination
selectable between BS and ASTM/AASHTO of permeability of soil specimens using a triaxial cell and
Standards two volume change units in accordance with BS 1377.
u Automatic Report Generation in accordance with
BS and ASTM/AASHTO Standards (MS Word DS7 One-dimensional
required) Consolidation Software
u Real-time graphical outputs both to screen and
printer as required u Automatic compensation for frame deformation
u Compatible with Windows® operating systems from
Windows 95 onwards Ordering Information
DS7 Quick Undrained Triaxial EL27-1770 One-dimensional Consolidation Software.
DataSystem Consolidation Software provides all basic
Software functions needed to record and analyse consolidation
test data. Options are available for monitoring settlement
u Options for single or multi-stage testing on sample on a log time or square-root time basis. Printouts and
u Mohr circles produced for graphical analyses graphical plots are available for all stages including
Mvand Cv moisture content, voids ratio plots, and initial
Ordering Information sample conditions.
EL27-1750 Quick Undrained Triaxial Software. Options

are available for a single test on one sample, standard DS7 Direct/Residual Shear
three-sample procedure with linking of the results, or for Software
a multi-stage test on one sample. Load and strain are
monitored through transducers. Various printouts and
u Options for both quick undrained and drained
graphical plots are available including basic sample data,
moisture content and density. The program tabulates shear tests
shearing data and plots stress against strain. Mohr circles u Single or Multiple stages
are produced for graphical analyses u Automatic compensation for frame deformation
DS7 CU/CD Effective Stress Triaxial Ordering Information

Software EL27-1790 Direct/Residual Shear Software. This unique
package provides test options for quick undrained or
drained shear tests with the user selectable option of
u Complete package for consolidated drained and residual testing. Individual test results can be linked
consolidated undrained triaxial tests together to produce the Coulomb Envelope. Printouts
and plots are available for sample description and basic
Ordering Information test data such as moisture content, etc. Real-time plots
of settlement, shear versus displacement and vertical
EL27-1760 CU/CD Effective Stress Triaxial Software.
displacement during shearing is readily available via the
This advanced package includes procedures for
consolidated drained and consolidated undrained computer screen or printer.
tests. Standard options are available for saturation,
consolidation and shearing with automatic monitoring of DS7 CBR Penetration Software
the various parameters through transducers linked to the
system. Load, strain, volume-change, pore-pressure, cell
pressure and back pressure can all be monitored. Various u Two tests can be combined under the summary
prints and graphical plots are available to the engineer report for top and base of sample test results
and include saturation data such as pore pressure build-
up and B values, consolidation, volume change against Ordering Information
time, shearing load versus strain with pore pressure
monitoring. EL27-1795 CBR Penetration Software. This program
provides the classical data for the CBR test. Load
and penetration are monitored simultaneously. The
DS7 Permeability in a Triaxial Cell program tabulates the results and provides a graphical
Software presentation report.
S 1100 DS7 Software Suite comprising the following
u Comprehensive Help screens included programs, Undrained and CU-CD, Triaxial, Permeability,
u Clear test information presented Direct & Residual Shear, CBR and One-dimensional
Consolidation tests.
53

Transducer Extension Cables When used in conjunction with the CBR Test 50 and
Marshall Test 50 series machines the ECU will check
Wired with a 5-pin DIN type plug at one end and a 5-pin and select the correct test mode automatically against
DIN type socket at the other, these extension cables are the frame type and will not permit an incorrect mode to
used to increase the length of any ADU/ECU transducer be selected. The ECU also automatically configures its
cable. logging rate per test type to comply with the relevant BS,
ASTM or AASHTO Standards.
The Multiplex50/ECU combination is ideal for many
EL27-1715 Transducer Extension Cable, 1.5 m long laboratories that have requirements for Quick-undrained,
EL27-1717 Transducer Extension Cable, 3.0 m long Unconsolidated undrained, Unconfined compression,
CBR and Marshall testing.
EL27-1719 Transducer Extension Cable, 4.5 m long
With digital readout and datalogging capabilities, the
Multiplex 50/ECU design has unique fool-proof features
ELE Electronic Control Unit (ECU) safeguarding not only the testing equipment, but test
integrity and accuracy as well.
u Metric, Imperial, or SI Engineering Units
u Test stop at transducer limits
u Download software supplied as standard EL27-1200/09 ECU Electronic Control and Readout
u Output for X/Yt plotter Unit for use with ELE CBR, Multiplex and Marshall
machines. Complete with download software.
The ELE-ECU is designed to operate with ELE CBR Test For 110 – 240 V AC 50 – 60 Hz 1ph.
50/Multiplex 50/Marshall Test 50 series testing machines
to provide electronic measurement display and test data For details of suitable Load and Displacement
logging. Transducers see Section 27 Electronic Instrumentation.
54
29 Soil Testing - Bearing Capacity
Bearing Capacity
The design of foundations is a prerequisite of economic

design and construction. In order to guard against shear
failure and unacceptable ground movements due to
loading it is often necessary to determine the ground
bearing capacity.
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer

The TRL (Transport Research Laboratory) Dynamic
Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is used for rapid in-situ
measurement of the structural properties of existing road
pavement constructed with unbound materials. The unit
incorporates an 8 kg weight with a drop of 575 mm, and EL29-3729 ELE Pocket Penetrometer
a 20 mm diameter cone fitted to the end of the shaft,
allowing measurements to be made down to a depth of
approximately 850 mm.
Readings are usually taken after a set number of blows,

Pocket Penetrometer
changing the number according to the strength of
the layer being penetrated. For good granular bases, A lightweight device for determining the approximate
readings every five to ten blows are satisfactory, but for unconfined compressive strength and the estimation of
weaker sub-base layers and subgrades, readings every shear strength, it can also be used to classify cohesive
one to two blows may be appropriate. soils in terms of consistency.
The DCP requires three operators, one to hold the The stainless steel plunger is pushed into the soil until the
instrument in a vertical position, one to raise the hammer penetration mark is reached. The equivalent unconfined
and let it fall and one to record the results. A typical compressive strength of the soil can be read in kgf/cm2 or
test takes only a few minutes, providing a very efficient tons/ft2 from the maximum load indicator provided.
method of obtaining information which would otherwise
require the excavation of test pits. Where pavement layers Important: the readings obtained from the pocket
have different strengths, boundaries can be identified and penetrometer do not replace laboratory test results due
layer thickness determined. to the fact that a small area penetration test is inherently
liable to give misleading results. The instrument should
Ordering Information not be used for obtaining foundation design data.
EL29-3720 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer supplied
complete with all necessary tools, assembly and Specification
operating instructions. Assembled height 1965 mm, Dimensions 19 x 162 mm
assembled weight 20 kg.
Range 0.25 to 4.5 kg/cm2
Spare Scale divisions 0.25 kg/cm2
EL29-3720/10 Replacement Cone Load piston 6 mm dia, stainless steel

Carrying case Canvas, belt-loop style
EL29-3729 ELE Pocket Penetrometer. Weight 80 g.
EL29-3720 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
55

29 Soil Testing - Bearing Capacity
Plate Bearing Test Equipment Bearing Plates

BS1377; EN 1997-3; ASTM D1194, D1195, D1196
Manufactured from machined steel plate with a finished
Applications include the determination of bearing thickness exceeding 25 mm. The plate has concentric
capacity of the soil in situ, designing for static loads on markings on one face. All plates are supplied with two
spread footings, and repetitive and non-repetitive plate lifting eyes except for the 150 mm dia plate.
loading tests of soils and flexible pavements.
Note: to successfully perform the test, a reaction load is
Important: The equipment is used in conjunction with a required.
reaction beam. This is not supplied with the equipment.
EL29-3800 Plate Bearing Apparatus complete,
comprising; Hydraulic Jack 500 kN capacity, Pressure
system, datum bar, four x dial gauges 50 mm travel x
0.01 mm divisions and four bearing plates: 150 mm,
305 mm, 455 mm and 760 mm dia.
Specification
Pressure System
Loading jack 500 kN capacity with integral ball
seating
Pump Hand operated, single speed with
integral oil reservoir
Hose 3 m long. Maximum pressure 70
MPa with quick release couplings
Gauge 100 mm dia with quick release
couplings and graphs to convert
readings to kN, kgf and lbf
Weights Loading jack 24 kg
Pressure system 12.5 kg
Plate Bearing Test Equipment
56
29 Soil Testing - In-situ Density
In-situ Density 100 mm Pouring Cylinder

BS 1377, 1924
Many civil engineering projects require the use of fill Ordering Information
material. Whenever soil is placed as an engineering
fill, it is usually compacted to a dense state, to obtain EL29-4000 100 mm Sand Pouring Cylinder.
satisfactory engineering properties. Compaction on Weight 3 kg.
site is usually effected by mechanical means such as EL29-4020 100 mm Calibrating Container. 100 mm
rolling, ramming or vibrating. Control of compaction is inside diameter x 150 mm deep with 200 mm diameter
necessary to achieve a satisfactory result at reasonable rim. Weight 1.8 kg.
cost. Laboratory compaction tests provide the basis for
control procedures used on site. EL29-4040 Metal Tray. 300 mm square x 40 mm deep
with a 100 mm diameter hole. Weight 1.4 kg.
Proctor Penetrometer
ASTM D1558
This spring-type penetrometer can be used in the field to

control soil compaction. The stem is calibrated to 150 lbf
x 2 lbf divisions, and a sliding collar indicates the applied
load. A rapid estimate of the moisture content of soil can
be obtained by comparing the amount of penetration of
the needle for a corresponding load, with a laboratory
determined moisture/density curve for a similar soil.
EL29-3925 Proctor Penetrometer (spring type) with
stainless steel adaptor stem for larger needles. Supplied
with set of needle points. 1, 3/4, 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, /10, /20,
1/30 and 1/40 in2 area (645, 484, 323, 215, 129, 65, Calibrating Container, Sand Pouring Cylinder, Metal Tray
32, 21.5 and 16 mm2) with adaptor for smaller needles.
Weight 2.0 kg
EL29-3933 Case. An optional carrying case for the
penetrometer and needle points. 150 mm Pouring Cylinder
Sand Replacement Ordering Information
This equipment is used to determine the dry density of in- EL29-4100 150 mm Sand Pouring Cylinder.
situ soils. Apparatus is included which satisfies BS, ASTM Weight 7.5 kg.
and AASHTO specifications. EL29-4120 150 mm Calibrating Container. 150 mm
inside diameter x 150 mm deep with 250 mm diameter
rim. Weight 3.6 kg.
EL29-4140 Metal Tray. 300 mm square x 40 mm deep
with a 150 mm diameter hole.
200 mm Pouring Cylinder

EL29-4200 200 mm Sand Pouring Cylinder. Weight 16 kg.
EL29-4220 200 mm Calibrating Container. 200 mm
inside diameter x 250 mm deep with a 350 mm diameter
rim. Weight 8 kg.
EL29-4240 Metal Tray. 500 mm square x 50 mm deep
with a 200 mm diameter hole. Weight 2.7 kg.
EL29-3925 Proctor Penetrometer
57

29 Soil Testing - In-situ Density
Core-Cutter Apparatus
In this method of determining the dry density of in-situ
soil, a core-cutter of known volume is driven into the soil
by a rammer. The core-cutter is removed, trimmed and
the soil obtained is weighed and dried for a moisture/
density check.
100 mm diameter Core-Cutter

BS 1377
EL29-4300 Sand Cone 6 inch
EL29-5300 Core-Cutter. 100 mm inside diameter x 130
mm long, steel tube. Weight 1 kg.
EL29-5320 Driving Dolly for EL29-5300. Recessed to fit
Sand Cone 6 Inch the core cutter. Weight 340 g.
ASTM D1556; AASHTO T191 EL29-5340 Driving Rammer for use with EL29-5320.
Comprises a steel rod, handle and base. Weight 13 kg.
EL29-4300 Sand Cone 6 inch (152 mm) comprising
Field Density Tools
two cones with a shutter mechanism. Supplied without
sand container. Weight 900 g. Model no. Description Weight
EL29-4320 Sand Container. 5 litre capacity for fitting to EL29-5000 Density Spoon for removing soil 110 g
EL29-4300. Weight 1.4 kg. from the hole
EL29-5020 Soft Headed Mallet 620 g
EL29-4340 Density Plate for 6 inch sand cone. The plate
has a 6.5 inch diameter recessed hole to locate the sand EL29-5060 Density Chisel, with hardened tip 750 g
cone. Weight 1.8 kg.
EL29-5080 Metal Dibber Tool, for 270 g
excavating hole
Accessory for sand pouring methods EL29-5120 Density Hand Pick for 760 g
Standard Sand see EL82-7401 excavating in difficult ground
EL29-5140 Steel Pointed Rod, with wooden 250 g
handle
EL29-5300 Core-Cutter
58

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Soil Testing

23 In-Situ Sampling and Preparation

Our soils testing equipment is used every day by

Our test instruments and systems are designed to be easy

In-situ Sampling and Preparation Sample Mixers

Accessory for EL23-6191/01

Spare EL23-6191/10 Stainless steel bowl

EL23-7100 Soil Colour Charts

For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com

Hand Boring and Sampling Extension Rods, Handles and Tools

Ordering Information Sample Tube

Hand Boring and Sampling Equipment

Riffle Boxes (Sample Dividers)

Designed for the rapid preparation of samples, the

The units offered are supplied in a range of sizes from

Model no. Recommended Slot No. Approx Weight

EL23-3505 Mortar and Pestle EL23-3505 Mortar and Pestle porcelain.

For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com

Extruders and Soil Lathes Proctor/CBR/Marshall/Core Cutter

Hand-operated Soil Lathes

EL23-4090 38 mm Hydraulic Extruder EL23-5800 Hand-operated Soil Lathe

Moisture Content Important: Calcium Carbide is a hazardous substance.

Attention is drawn to the limitations imposed on the form

Used to weigh a sample before placing it in the Speedy

Speedy Moisture Testers are supplied without

For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com

Soil Index Properties Ordering Information

Determination of Liquid Limit Accessories

Particular design features of the instrument include a

Liquid Limit Device with accessories

Cone Penetrometer Method Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer

Specification The plastic limit is defined as the lowest moisture content

For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com

The equipment listed below enables the engineer to

This method of test covers the determination of the

Ordering Information Volumetric Shrinkage with Prong Plate,

This test covers the determination of linear shrinkage of

Accessories EL24-1800 Shrinkage Mould

Determination of Density, Particle Particle Density: Pyknometer Methods

Particle density or specific gravity is a measure of the Ordering Information

EL24-2854/01 Mechanical End-over-End Shaker EL24-2885 Pyknometer

For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com

Particle Size Distribution and Constant Temperature Bath

EL24-4865/01 Constant Temperature Bath

Sedimentation by the Hydrometer Soil Hydrometers

A comprehensive range of test sieves, sieve shakers and Soil Hydrometers

EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer

For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com

Sand Equivalent Value Ordering Information

Set Includes Accessories

Mechanical Sand Equivalent

EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer

EL24-4945/01 Mechanical Sand Equivalent Shaker

Compaction Applications of Compaction

For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com

Compaction Test 2.5 kg Compaction Test 4.5 kg

Compaction Mould, BS Manufactured from corrosion protected steel

BS Compaction Mould and Rammers

Proctor Compaction Mould ASTM Compaction Mould

Ordering Information Ordering Information

Proctor Compaction Rammer ASTM Compaction Rammer

Proctor Compaction Mould and Rammer EL24-9066 ASTM Compaction Mould