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1. It is a fact that the academic qualifications, knowledge of the subject matter, competence and skills of teaching and the commitment of the teacher
have effective impact on the teaching-learning process. Recognizing the deteriorating quality of education at various levels, efforts need to be intensified
to accord adequate priority to the effectiveness of teacher education programs in the country.
2. Many factors are responsible for shaping the quality of teacher education in the country. These factors range from ideological and socioeconomic
needs to the existing structure of education system.
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A Brief Introduction of Teacher-Training Programs in Punjab
3 The existing teacher education program is considered not being adequately responsive to the demands for quality education in the school system.
To improve the existing situation, in the field of teacher education, development of any strategy should give due consideration to these issues.
4 Some of the major issues and concerns emphasized by the experts are indicated as under:
5. Imbalances between the demand and supply of teachers due to poor planning
6. Poor learning material / text books (for teacher and student)
7. No standardized procedure for the appointment of teachers in teacher training institutions
8. No institutionalized arrangement for providing regular training to teachers and teacher educators
5. Since Independence, there has been a substantial expansion in teacher education institutions. At present, there are 90 elementary colleges and 30
high schools which offer teacher training programs for PTC (-Primary Teaching Certificate) and CT (Certificate in Teaching) to teachers.
Institutions which prepare secondary school teachers are known as Colleges of Education. There are 11 Colleges of Education, 4 Institutes of
Education and Research and 2 Departments of Education of universities which offer programs of secondary school teacher education leading to a
Bachelor's degree in Education (B.Ed).
The Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) is also contributing in the training of teachers by means of distance learning. It offers PTC, CT, B.Ed and
M.Ed programs of teacher education.
6 The annual training capacity of all the formal training institutions is about 30,000. The total enrollment of AIOU is about 10,000 per annum of which
about 7,000 complete various courses every year.
7 Keeping in view the existing capacity of our teacher training institutions, which is around 40,000 including AIOU, one may safely conclude that the
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A Brief Introduction of Teacher-Training Programs in Punjab
existing institutions are sufficient to meet the quantitative requirements of teacher training in the country. It is estimated that around 65,000 teachers
with different qualifications are unemployed because of the imposition of a continuous ban on new recruitment during the past six years.
Objectives
2. To increase the effectiveness of the system by institutionalizing in-service training of teachers, teacher trainers and educational administrators.
3. To upgrade the quality of pre-service teacher training programs by introducing parallel programs of longer duration at post-secondary and post-
degree levels.
4. To make the teaching profession attractive for the young talented graduates by institutionalizing a package of incentives.
5. To develop a viable framework for policy, planning and development of teacher education programs, both in-service and pre-service.
Policy Provisions
1. The annual requirement of teachers in each province shall be worked out on short and long-term basis. The teacher training institutions shall be
required to restrict their admissions accordingly.
2. For training educational administrators during the coming years, departments of educational administration and management offering M.Ed. and
B.Ed. degrees shall be opened. The Academy of Educational Planning and Management shall develop specialized training programs for in-
service educational administrators.
3. Effective measures shall be taken to strengthen in-service institutions for providing regular and quality in-service training to the existing corps
of educational administrators.
4. Both formal and non-formal means shall be used to provide increased opportunities of in-service training to the working teachers, preferably at
least once in five years.
5. Special arrangements shall be made for the training of teacher educators by using the National Institute of Teachers Education and its affiliated
centers.
6. The curriculum and methods of instruction in teacher training institutions shall be reviewed and revised for bringing them in line with the
requirements of modern trends in this field.
7. On the pattern of B.S.Ed, being offered in only two institutions in Punjab, FA/F.S.Ed and BA Ed shall be introduced.
8. Special incentives shall be provided to attract and retain talented students in the teaching profession.
9. A special package of incentives package shall be provided to rural females to join the teaching profession.
10. A new stream of vocational and technical training shall be introduced in pre-service teacher training institutions, initially at post-degree level.
12. In order to make the integration of secondary and higher secondary level possible pre-service training shall be made compulsory for those
teaching at the higher secondary level.
13. Academy of Higher Education in the University Grants Commission shall be strengthened to provide in-service training programs to the degree
and post-degree teachers.
Implementation Strategies
1. In order to strengthen the primary level teacher training programs, it is proposed to start a 3 year Diploma in Education for matriculates. This
will enable them to pursue either general studies up to BA, B.Sc. and M.Sc. level or continue to serve the teaching profession.
2. Like B.S.Ed program it is proposed to expand this facility horizontally to those students who want to pursue general education as well as obtain
a B.Ed degree through an integrated BA + B.Ed. program at the colleges of education. The students of these programs will have the opportunity
to continue their studies at MA, M.Sc. or M.Ed. levels.
3. To impart management capability, the M.Ed degree at the university level will be improved/strengthened to produce a corps of trained
educational administrators and supervisors who can become headmasters/headmistresses of middle and high schools as well as DEOs, SDEOs
and ADEOs to provide leadership in the field of education.
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A Brief Introduction of Teacher-Training Programs in Punjab
4. Good governance in educational institutions will be achieved by imparting intensive training in management and supervision through Provincial
Institutes of Teacher Education (PITES) to all headmasters/headmistresses and personnel of supervisory cadres.
5. A National Institute of Teacher Education (NITE) will be set up at the national level to improve the capability of academic staff in teacher
training institutions. About 300 teacher educators will be enabled to improve their professional qualifications through this Institute every year.
6. The curricula of PTC., CT., B.Ed. and M.Ed. levels will be improved so as to make these programs learner-centered. They will also provide
opportunities to the prospective teachers to receive necessary training in pedagogical skills involving creativity, problem-solving project method
and use of other innovative approaches.
7. The academic calendar of these institutions will be extended by curtailing spring, winter and summer vacations.
9. Apart from the sporadic non-formal education training programs run by NGOs, an extensive nation-wide orientation program for providing basic
teaching skills will be run under the umbrella of Allama Iqbal Open University.
10. In order to attract talented students to the teaching profession, a stipend scheme will be started for studies at the intermediate and degree levels.
Those receiving higher qualifications during their service will be given adequate incentives of advance increments, as well as, rapid promotion
within their cadres so as to retain them in the profession.
11. The Academy of Educational Planning and Management (AEPAM) is the prime training institute at the national level educating
administrators, supervisors and planners. Its training capacity and resources shall be strengthened and long-term training programs shall be
launched for school administrators.
12. Teacher Foundations shall be established in all the provinces. These will provide financial assistance to the spouse of the deceased teachers and
scholarships to their talented children for pursuing higher education.
13. There is sufficient evidence to substantiate the fact that female teachers are more effective than male teachers at the primary level. In order to
encourage more female teachers to join the primary institutions, three-pronged measures will be adopted, viz:
· 70% newly established primary schools will be staffed by female teachers.
· staggered pro-service training courses during summer vacation will be launched at PTC and CT levels through which untrained female teachers
will be provided pre-service training during summer vacation: and
· there will be no upper age restriction for female teachers joining the teaching profession.
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