Chapter – 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

TYPE OF RESEARCH
The type of research used in this project is descriptive in
nature. Descriptive research is essentially a fact finding
related largely to the present, abstracting generations by
cross sectional study of the current situation . Its use in
social science is more common, as in socio economic
surveys and job & activity analysis.

AIMS OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

• To portray the characteristics of a particular individual’s
situation or group(with or without specific initial
hypothesis about the nature of this characteristics).
• To determine the frequency with which something
occurs or with which it is associated with something
else( usually , but not always ,with a specific initial
hypothesis).
The descriptive method has certain limitation; one is
that the research may make description an end itself.
Research is essentially creative and demands the discovery
of facts on order to lead a solution of the problem. A second
limitation is associated whether the statistical techniques
dominate. The desire to over emphasize central tendencies
and to fact in terms of Average, Correlation, Means and
dispersion may not always be welcomed. This limitation
arises because statistics which is partly a descriptive tool of
analysis can aid but not always explain causal relation.

DESIGN OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES:

Descriptive studies aim at portraying accurately the
characteristics of a particular group or solution. One may
undertake a descriptive study about the work in the factory,
health and welfare. A descriptive study may be concerned
with the right to strike, capital punishment, prohibition etc:

A descriptive study involves the following steps:

1. Formulating the objectives of the study.
2. Defining the population and selecting the sample.
3. Designing the method of data collection.
4. Analysis of the data.
5. Conclusion and recommendation for further
improvement in the practices.
Description of statistical tools used
• Percentage method
• Correlation

Percentage method
In this project, percentage method test is used. The following is the formula

Percentage of Respondent = No. of Respondent X 100

Total no. of Respondent

CORRELATION

Correlation analysis deals with the association between two

or more variables. It does not tell anything about cause and
effect relationship. Correlation is described or classified in
several different ways. Three of the most important ways of
classifying correlation are :

1. Positive and Negative

2. Simple, Multiple and Partial
3. Linear and Non-Linear
 Karl Pearson’s method is popularly known as Pearson’s coefficient of
correlation. It is denoted by the symbol ‘r’.
∑xy
Formula for Karl Pearson’s coefficient r = ______________

√∑x2 * ∑y2

The value of the coefficient of correlation as obtained by the above

formula shall always lie between +1 and -1. When r = 1, it means there is
perfect positive correlation between variables. When r = -1, it means
there is perfect negative correlation between variables. When r = 0, it
means no relationship between variables.

Data collection method

Data was collected using Questionnaire. This method is
quite popular in case of big enquires. Private individuals,
research workers, private and public organizations and even
government are adopting it. A questionnaire consists of a
number of question involves both specific and general
question related to Grievance Handling.
Sources of Data
The two sources of data collection are namely primary &
secondary.

a. Primary Data:
Primary data are fresh data collected through survey from
the employees using questionnaire.

b. Secondary Data
Secondary data are collected from books and internet.

Research Design
Research design is the specification of the method and
procedure for acquiring the information needed to solve the
problem.
The research design followed for this research study is
descriptive research design where we find a solution to an
existing problem. The problem of this study is to find the
effectiveness of Grievance Handling.

Population : Employees at Public enterprises

Sample Design
i) Sample Size : 35 nos

ii) Sample Test : Percentage Method & Correlation

iii) Sample Media : Questionnaire

iv) Sampling Method : Simple Random Sampling

Limitations of the Study :-

The major limitations of this study as identified by the researcher are :-

i) The study is restricted to 50 respondents only, whereas greater sample

leads to greater reliability of the result.

ii) The study was confined to northern region of West Bengal, hence does
not claim to present a representative picture of the entire workers fraternity of
the country.
iii) The study was restricted to blue color employees and total time
limit for the study was 4 weeks as prescribed by the organization.