11

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY

OF THE HUMAN PERSON
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Choice and Consequence
Quarter 2 - Week 1

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Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 11
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Choice and Consequence
Quarter 2 - Week 1

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 Choice and Consequence

Introduction

The human person is an important subject in Philosophy. To have an

understanding of the nature and condition of the person is one of the foremost goals
of the discipline.

Have you wondered what makes you special? Your special traits make you
unique from the rest of the creatures in existence. One of the special traits that
makes you unique is your ability to think and act accordingly.

You are free to decide what to choose. When you decide, you think about all
the considerations and the possible consequences involved. You are the cause of
your own decisions and actions.

This learning activity sheet will help you understand that there are
consequences when you are making choices and some things are given up while
others are obtained in making choices. Further, this will also help you evaluate and
exercise prudence in making choices.

Are you more than ready to know more?

Learning Competency

Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices (PPT11/12-IIa-5.2)

a. Choices have consequences (PPT11/12-IIa-5.1)
b. Some things are given up while others are obtained in making choices (PPT11/12-
IIa-5.3)

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 Objectives

After completing this guided learning activity, you are expected to:
1. state that human freedom is the reason in making choices;
2. appreciate and evaluate the consequences of making choices; and
3. practice prudence in making choices.

Review

In your other subjects, you have learned about the cause-and-effect

relationship to determine how various situations relate in terms of origins and
results.
Before you proceed to the new lesson, answer this activity about cause-and-
effect relationship.
Directions: Match the cause in column A to its effect in column B. Write the letter of
the correct answer on your answer sheet.
Column A Column B
1. A strong wind blew the roof of the a. leads to lung cancer.
house
2. Because the alarm was not set b. coral reefs die.
3. Since classes were cancelled c. so, the cake did not come out as
expected.
4. When the ocean is extremely polluted d. the family found another place
to live.
5. John made a rude comment e. therefore, she got good grades.
6. The meal we ordered was cheaper f. therefore, global warming
than expected happens.
7. There has been an increase in g. so, we ordered another meal.
greenhouse gases
8. Betty completed each task carefully h. so, his father reminded him not
and diligently to do it again.
9. Maria did not follow the recipe i. we stayed at home and helped
correctly in doing household chores.
10. Excessive smoking of cigarettes j. I woke up late.

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 Discussion

A person possesses characteristics that validates him or her as a person.

These characteristics make him or her unique from the rest of the creatures in
existence.

The graphic organizer below shows the different characteristics that validate
you as a person.

A Person

able to reach
has awareness has self-
out and interact has dignity
of self determination
with others

According to research, self- Concept in Focus

determination is one of your capabilities to
make choices and decisions. It likewise Self – Determination
It is your capacity to
regulates your own actions, be goal-oriented
determine your decisions
and self-directed (Abella 2016). and actions amidst the
constraining conditions.

Before you proceed to studying the choices and their consequences, you have
to understand that your freedom is the reason why you choose.

The Human Freedom

Freedom is one of the important properties you own as a person. There are
two elements that define freedom.
1. Voluntariness. It is your ability to act out your own free will and self-
determination. This means that you may decide to act or not to act. Your decision
is made from your own free-will. Therefore, voluntary acts are free acts with moral
values.
2. Responsibility. This means that you are accountable to the consequences of
your actions. When you act whether good or bad, you are responsible for it and
its consequences.

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 The elements of freedom define your actions and gives meaning to your
experiences. You can reflect on your actions to better understand them and guide
you towards making the best possible decision.
Further, freedom is classified into three kinds, namely:
1. Physical Freedom. It refers to your freedom to go where you want to go. This is
also called freedom of mobility.
2. Psychological Freedom. It is also called the freedom of choice. It means that you
are free to do what you think is right and wise. You are free to act or not to act
in a certain situation.
3. Moral Freedom. This is using freedom in a manner that defends human dignity
and goodness. Use your freedom to your advantage and for your well-being,
because if you become less free, you will be deprived of so many things.
Now that you have learned the elements and kinds of freedom, which among
the classifications of freedom refers to your freedom to choose? Yes, you are right in
identifying the psychological freedom as the freedom of choice. Indeed, you are free
to make choices and perform actions. However, you are responsible to your choices
and its consequences.

Read and reflect on the situation.

You were on your way

home from a friend’s home when
you stumbled upon a wallet. The
wallet contains large amount of
cash as well as some
Identification Cards of the owner.
You knew you needed a budget to
complete a project you were
working on.
What will you do?

What will be your most truthful action? You may consider the following options
and act based on the situation:
(a) Turn over the wallet to the nearest police station and tell the police where and how
did you find the wallet;
(b) Take the money and buy the things you needed to complete your project on time;
and
(c) Ignore the wallet and go home.

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 Recall and reflect on your answer. Do you have the same options in mind? Why
did you choose to take that action among the possible choices? Can you explain your
action?

Concept in Focus
Freedom gives you the ability to choose
a possible action in a given situation. Your free Free will
will enables you to do actions and develop self- It is your ability to
determination. This makes you free. choose an action from
various options.

When you exercise freedom, you experience the path of making choices.
Though freedom gives you the ability to think of countless decisions and possible
actions, you only get to choose one of these decisions and act on it. Thus, you need
to choose from among the many choices.

What is a choice?
A choice is an act of selecting or deciding when faced with two or more
possibilities.
Have you experienced this situation?

Your mother told you to look after your younger sibling while she is in the
market buying essential things for the family. At the same time, your friends
invited you to play your favorite online game with them. What will you choose?

Whether you choose to look after your siblings or to play your favorite online
games with your friends, you make a choice. Whether you answer the activities in
your learning activity sheets or have a chat with someone you like, you still make a
choice. You choose what clothes to wear. You choose whether you go outside or stay
home. You choose which food to eat. You choose your friends you like to hang out
with. You also choose what personality to show to other people. You always make
choices. You cannot avoid it.
Even abstaining to choose is an act of choosing, to abstain. Whatever you
become is the result of your own choice.
Whenever you choose something, it is called the freedom of choice. The choices
and actions you make will lead to consequences.

All Actions Have Consequences

As a free being, you must accept the consequences of your actions and be
responsible for them.

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 Reflect on this.

You are holding your friend’s new cellphone. What

will happen if you hold it carefully and properly?
What will happen if you open your palm and let the
cellphone fall?

You may choose to hold it carefully or to let it fall. What will happen if you hold
it carefully or let it fall? Whatever your action is, whether good or bad, it results to
consequences. A consequence is the result or effect of your choices and actions.
But how can you be so sure that what you choose is the best one? Recall the
ideas of Aristotle to give light to the question.

Concept in Focus
Thinking is volitional. As such, your
will is at work whenever you make a choice. The Volition or Will
will is meaningless apart from the intellect It is the cognitive
(Ramos 2016). process by which an
individual decides on and
For Aristotle there is a relationship commits to a particular
course of action.
between the will and the intellect.

This is true. For how could your ideas be translated into action when you do
not will it? Therefore, your intellect guides your will in making choices. The absence
of the intellect or reasoning means absence of the will, too.
For example, you think of completing your learning tasks. Your idea remains
an idea unless your will converts it into action. If your will decides to complete your
learning tasks, then your action leads to completing your tasks. However, if your will
decides not to complete your tasks, then your action leads to not completing your
tasks.
Can you now clearly see the interconnection among reason, will and action?
Reasoning therefore is important in determining the nature and quality of your
actions. Since the choices are products of your actions, you can say that the choices
are the results of your reasoning. The nature and quality of your choices is the
product of how you reason out.
How then is reasoning being evaluated in making judgements with regards to
your behavior when making a choice?

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 The great philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas suggested the fourfold
classification of law which will guide you the way you think. The knowledge or
ignorance of these laws determine your actions; thus, your choices.

Classification
of Laws

Eternal Law Natural Law Human Law Divine Law

1. Natural law states that good should be sought after and evil should be avoided.
This principle means that you have the characteristics for preservation of life.
Any actions then that violates this principle is a choice that is not good and is
evil.

2. Human law is based upon the concept of Concept in Focus

natural law and is directed towards the
common good and serves as instrument in Virtue
It is a trait or quality of
the promotion of virtue. Human laws are
being morally good. It
therefore created to uphold common good shows high moral
through maintenance of desirable virtues. standards.

3. Eternal law can be understood as “the mind of God”. God stands as ruler to the
universe which He created. And when God’s wisdom is understood as God
Himself which is unchanging and eternal, eternal law exists.
Therefore, the wisdom that you have in everything is drawn out from the wisdom
of God since all things were created by Him.

4. Divine law guides the act of going beyond since human and natural laws are
limited by humanity’s nature. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, since you are
destined to go beyond your nature, you need a law to guide you towards that
destiny.

The classification of laws adopted by St. Thomas Aquinas makes you aware
that the nature and quality of your actions can be evaluated. You can therefore say
that the choices you make are also evaluated by the same laws since your choices
are the products of your action.

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 It is exciting to know that you can greatly influence the consequences of your
choices. Bear in mind that your actions are only realized when there is the will to do
it. Choosing is a form of action.
Now, you have learned that all choices and actions always have consequences.
Do you now agree that the consequences of your actions are the results of how you
think? Therefore, it is very important for you to exercise caution and prudence in
making decisions or doing actions.

Prudence in Choices

Prudence is a virtue of deliberation, Concept in Focus

taking into consideration the possible
consequences of your decisions and taking the Prudence
actions that are best. This gives you the ability It is an act of making
to pursue a correct action in various situations. good judgment that allows
When you face a decision, consider the various you to avoid risks. It also
means careful or cautious
ways to morally achieve your desired end.
judgement in making
Therefore, prudence is about understanding decisions.
what is good for others and ultimately for
yourself.
You have to realize that a prudent person is not driven by compulsion or hasty
decision. You must be cautious in making decisions by weighing the consequences
of your actions or decisions before they happen.
When you want something, you act to
get it when the occasion arises, thus your Concept in Focus
behavior is completely determined. This is your
responsibility as an autonomous being. Autonomous Being is a
person that does not have
any authority other than
his or her reason.

Concept in Focus

Rational choice gives you an idea that your

Rational Choice Theory
states that you rely on
rational calculations to
achieve outcomes which
provide you with the
greatest benefit or
satisfaction given by the
available choices.
action passes through and is a result of choosing
processes between several options. Note that since
your action is a result of a choosing process among
options, it could mean that there are options that
are not chosen. Therefore, there are options which
are given up.

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 For example, if you are thinking of whether you are attending your classes or
not, the two options are:
A. you will attend classes, and
B. you will not attend classes.
If you choose not to attend classes, then you chose option B, thus giving up
or forgoing option A which is you will attend classes.
Life is full of possibilities; no one should control it. Defining and
conceptualizing insist on regarding one aspect of life at the same time disregarding
the other. You are responsible within your power to do what you can and you are
likewise certain within your power that there are things you cannot do unless you
try. Whatever difference you make, you are responsible for it.

Activities

Guided Practice 1: Complete Me!

Directions: Reflect on the actions and their consequences. Write your answers
on your answer sheet.

Actions Consequences

You drink liquor together with

1.
your friends

You did not help your sibling in

2.
doing his or her learning tasks

Though you are not allowed,

3. you still pursue your
relationship with someone

4. You disobeyed your parents

You excessively play online

5.
games

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Guided Practice 2: Do Not Tempt Me!
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Complete the graphic organizer below. Write
the answers on your answer sheet.

You are together with your best friend in their house. Coming out from his/her
room, he/she pulls out a stick of cigarette and lights it up. He/she invites you to
do the same. What will you do?

Independent Practice: Stop and Think!

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Complete the graphic organizer below. Write
your answers on your answer sheet.

It is recess time and everyone is out on the playing field including your
teacher. At that time, you needed to go to the toilet. On your way, you passed by
your classroom and noticed that someone was inside. Out of curiosity, you peeked
in and saw that one of your friends reached into the desk of a classmate and took
something out of it. You quickly moved past the door to avoid being caught.
Just before the lunch bell rang, one of your classmates approached your
Teacher and complained that all the contents of his pencil case including some
money were all gone. What will you do?

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 Choices
What is the
problem?

Consequences

Values
Decision

Assessment

Directions: Read the sentences carefully. Select the correct answer from the word
box which is being described by each sentence. Write your answers on your answer
sheet.

Operant conditioning Self-determination Volition or Will

Freedom Psychological Freedom Physical Freedom
Responsibility Voluntariness Consequence
Prudence Autonomous Being Human Person

1. This is the ability to make choices and perform actions and is an essential
unique trait of the human person.
2. This is a kind of freedom from any physical restraint.
3. This is known as the freedom of choice.
4. This is the ability to act out of one’s own free will and self-determination.

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5. This refers to the person being accountable for his or her actions and their
consequences.
6. It is one that does not have an authority other than its reason.
7. This is known as the results of an action.
8. It is an act of making a good judgement that allows a person to avoid risks.
9. It is the cognitive process by which an individual decides on and commits
to a particular course of action.
10. It is an innate capacity of the human person to determine his/her
decisions and actions and ultimately his/her own life amidst constraining
conditions.

Reflection: It’s Your Choice!

Directions: Read the Choice Card. Write the possible positive or good consequence
of that choice in the Positive box. Write the possible negative or bad consequences
of that choice in the Negative box. Write all your answers on your notebook.

Choice Card: You have a

summative test tomorrow, but you
are being invited to play online
games at a friend’s house. What
would happen if you choose to
stay at home and study your
lessons?

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

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 References

Abella, R., 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. 1st ed.
Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Camiloza, L., Garnace, E., Mazo, R. and Perez, E., 2016. Philosophy of the
Human Person: An Introductory Text for Senior High School. 1st ed.
Quezon City: The Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Ramos, C., 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. 1st ed.
Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

ThoughtCo. 2020. Learn How Rational Choice Theory Explains Your Economic
Decisions. [online] Available at: <https://www.thoughtco.com
/rational-choice-theory-3026628> [Accessed 4 November 2020].

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Review Assessment
1. d 1. Freedom
2. j 2. Physical Freedom
3. i 3. Psychological Freedom
4. b 4. Voluntariness
5. h 5. Responsibility
6. g 6. Autonomous Being
7. f 7. Consequence
8. e 8. Prudence
9. c 9. Volition or Will
10. a 10. Self-determination
Guided Practice 1 – Answers may vary Reflection – Answers may vary
Guided Practice 2 – Answers may vary
Independent Assessment – Answers may vary
Key to Corrections
 Acknowledgment

The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt

gratitude to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to
the successful preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and
distribution of the Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all
learning areas across grade levels as a response to providing the learners with
developmentally-appropriate, contextualized and simplified learning
resources with most essential learning competencies (MELCs)-based activities
anchored on the principles of guided learning and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the

writers and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting
their best efforts to produce these indispensable learning kits used for the
implementation of learning delivery modalities.

Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators

making up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully
evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly

extending its financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of
these learning resources for use by learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close

coordination with the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval
of the GLAKs and for their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress
through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the
learners the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish
the tasks and for gradually helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would

not be possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to
serving our Zambaleño learners.

Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team

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