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Hypertension
13 September 2019
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Key facts
Hypertension - or elevated blood pressure - is a serious medical condition
that significantly increases the risks of heart, brain, kidney and other diseases.
An estimated 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension, most (two-
thirds) living in low- and middle-income countries.
In 2015, 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women had hypertension.
Fewer than 1 in 5 people with hypertension have the problem under
control.
Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide.
One of the global targets for noncommunicable diseases is to reduce the
prevalence of hypertension by 25% by 2025 (baseline 2010).
What is hypertension?
Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the body’s
arteries, the major blood vessels in the body. Hypertension is when blood pressure is
too high.
Blood pressure is written as two numbers. The first (systolic) number represents the
pressure in blood vessels when the heart contracts or beats. The second (diastolic)
number represents the pressure in the vessels when the heart rests between beats.
Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic
blood pressure readings on both days is ≥140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood
pressure readings on both days is ≥90 mmHg.
Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of hypertension, age over 65 years
and co-existing diseases such as diabetes or kidney disease.
The only way to detect hypertension is to have a health professional measure blood
pressure. Having blood pressure measured is quick and painless. Individuals can also
measure their own blood pressure using automated devices, however, an evaluation by
a health professional is important for assessment of risk and associated conditions.
Hypertension can also burst or block arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain, causing
a stroke.
Prevention
Management
Of the five technical packages that comprise the Global Hearts Initiative, the HEARTS
technical package aims to improve the prevention and management of cardiovascular
diseases, including hypertension detection and management. The five modules of the
HEARTS technical package (Healthy-lifestyle counselling, Evidence-based treatment
protocols, Access to essential medicines and technology, Team-based care, and
Systems for monitoring) provide a strategic approach to improve cardiovascular health
in countries across the globe.
Fifteen countries have started implementing the HEARTS technical package (Barbados,
Bhutan, Colombia, Chile, China, Cuba, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Morocco, Nepal,
Philippines, Tajikistan, Thailand, and Viet Nam). By scaling up protocol-based
management, improving access to medicines and technologies, and better measuring
outcomes, successes are already being achieved.
Fact sheets
More
Hypertension health topic
Cardiovascular diseases
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https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension