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 Learning Module in English 8
Lesson 1: Tell a Tale, Folks
INTRODUCTION

This lesson will help you discover the genre, folktale, contributed by East Asian
writers. You will better understand literary devices such as situational irony used in this
lesson’s literary selection. You will relate one’s prior knowledge and personal experiences to
the text. You will also differentiate literal language and figurative language. Moreover, you
will determine appropriate transitions and signals in a deductive paragraph and write
effective paragraph by narrowing the topic.
As you continue, you will be able to take notes when listening to long texts, and use
verbal cues for emphasis when delivering an entertainment speech. Lastly, you will also be
able to predict the gist of the material viewed based on titles, pictures, and excerpts.
How to join the VSMART?

 Install VSMART application or visit the website:

school.vsmart.ph
 Log in your given username and password
 Go to your scheduled lesson

OBJECTIVES:
Literature
Describe the notable literary genres contributed by East Asian writers. (EN8LT-IIa-9.1;E N 8
LT-I lb-9.1)
Identify the distinguishing features of notable East Asian poems, folktales, and shortstories.
(EN8LT-IIa-9.2; EN8LT-IIb-9. 2)
Express appreciation for sensory images used. (EN8LT-IIc-2.2.l)
Explain the literary devices used. (EN8LT-IId-2.2.2)
Read
Evaluate the personal significance of a literary text. (ENSRC-iia-2.22; ENku-11D-2.22;
EN8RC-IIc-2.22; EN8RC-IId-2.22)
Relate content or theme to previous experiences and background knowledge. (EN8RC-lia-
2.18; EN8RC-IIb-2.18)
Write
Discriminate between literal and figurative language. (EN8V-IIe-24; EN8V-IIi-24)
Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea
development: general to particular, claim and counterclaim, problem-solution, cause effect,
and others. (EN8G-IIa-9; EN8G-IIb-9)
Compose effective paragraphs. (EN8WC-IIa-2.8; EN8WC-IIb-2.8); Limit a topic.(EN8WC-IIa
2.8.7)
Listen
Employ appropriate listening skills and strategies suited to long descriptive and
narrative texts. (EN8LC-IIa-7; EN8LC-IIb-7)
Employ projective listening strategies with longer stories. (EN8LC-IIa-7.2; EN8LC-IIh-7.2;
EN8LC-IIi-7.2)
Speak
Use the appropriate prosodic features of speech when delivering an entertainment speech.
(EN8OL-IIa-5; EN8OL-IIb-5)
View Predict the gist of the material viewed based on the title, pictures, and excerpts.
(EN8VC-IIa-1 .3; EN8VC-IIb- 1.3)

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 I. Write your answer below.
Module 1: Interpreting Situational Irony (Literature)
What are folktales?
Understanding Folktales
A folktale is a short narrative usually with a communal or unknown authorship. Each
person who tells the story may alter or contribute to the story line making the authorship of
folktales communal in nature. This is the reason many folktales today appear in different
versions.
Folktales are an important part of the oral tradition. They are passed down from one
person to another through oral storytelling. Although a large chunk of these stories are not
printed, they are found all over the world. Each culture has a number of folktales that
represent and mirror its customs and traditions.
Folktales may be in the form of legends, fables, myths, and fairytales. Nature and magic are
essential features of folktales. Some folktales have in them talking animals, magical
kingdoms, and extraordinary creatures.
Folktales can also be didactic in nature. The traditional folktale highlights good
attitude and leaves an important life lesson at the end.
Sensory Images
Images appealing to the sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch add layers of
color and life to a literary text. They create in the reader's mind pictures that stimulate the
imagination and that make the reader's reading experience immediate, real, and tangible.
Study the following table that shows the different kinds of sensory details:
Visuals (appealing to the sense of sight)
Ex. dark rain clouds, big-eyed insects

Auditory (appealing to the sense of hearing)

Ex. distant wailing of wolves, howling wind

Olfactory (appealing to the sense of smell)

Ex. earthy caves, smoky air

Gustatory (appealing to the sense of taste)

Ex. sweet nectar, bitter forest nuts

Tactile (appealing to the sense of touch)

Ex. sudden warm breeze, rough-edged rocks
Some visual images also show motion.
The animals, stricken with panic, stampeded away from the flaming bushes,
some leaping over the large rocks while others rushing headlong to the
mountain walls.

Activity: The Wonderful Pear Tree

Do you feel joyful when you share your blessings to the needy? Read the selection below.
Then, answer the questions that follow.

Word Chest

Look for the meaning of the following:

• Barrow ______________________________________________________________________
• Hubbub _____________________________________________________________________
• Exquisite ____________________________________________________________________
 pip _____________________________________________________________________

3
 The Wonderful Pear Tree
A Chinese Folktale
Translated by Herbert A. Giles
Once upon a time, a countryman came into the town on market day, and brought a
load of very special pears with him to sell. He set up his barrow at a good corner, and soon
had a great crowd round him for every one knew he always sold extra fine pears, though he
did also ask an extra high price. Now, while he was crying up his fruit, a poor, old, ragged,
hungry-looking priest stopped just in front of the barrow and very humbly begged him to give
him one of the pears. But the countryman refused. He called the priest bad names.
"Good sir," said the priest, "you have hundreds of pears on your barrow. I only ask
you for one. You would never even know you had lost one. Really, you needn't get angry."
"Give him a rotten pear; that will make him happy," said a man in the crowd. "The old priest
is quite right; you'd never miss it."
"I've said I won't, and I won't!" cried the countryman; and all the people close by
began shouting. The constable of the market, hearing the hubbub, hurried up; and when he
had made out what was the matter, pulled some cash out of his purse, bought a pear, and
gave it to the priest. For he was afraid that the noise would come to the ears of the mandarin
who was just being carried down the street.
The old priest took the pear with a low bow, and held it up in front of the crowd,
saying, "You all know that I have no home, no parents, no children, no food, because I gave
up everything when I became a priest. So it puzzles me how anyone can be so selfish and so
stingy as to refuse to give me one single pear.
Now I am quite a different sort of man from this countryman. I have here some
perfectly exquisite pears, and I shall feel most deeply honored if you will accept them from
me.
"Why on earth didn't you eat them yourself, instead of begging for one?" asked a man
in the crowd.
"Ah," answered the priest, "I must grow them first."
So he ate up the pear, only leaving a single pip. Then, he took a pick, dug a deep hole
in the ground at his feet, and planted the pip, which he covered all over with earth, "Will
someone fetch me some hot water to water this?" he asked. The people, who were crowding
around, thought he was only joking, but one of them ran and fetched a kettle of boiling water
and gave it to the priest, who very carefully poured it over the place where he had sowed the
pip. Then, almost while he was pouring, they saw, first a tiny green sprout, and then another,
pushing their heads above the ground; then one leaf uncurled, and then another, while the
shoots kept growing taller and taller; then there stood before them a young tree with a few
branches and a few leaves; then more leaves; then flowers; and last of all, clusters of huge,
ripe, sweet-smelling pears weighing the branches down to the ground! Now the priest's face
shone with pleasure, and the crowd roared with delight when he picked the pears, handing
them with a bow to each man present.
Then, the priest took the pick again, hacked at the tree until it fell with a crash.
He carried the tree, leaves and all, and with a final bow, he walked away.

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 All the time this had been going on, the countryman, quite forgetting his barrow and
pears, had been in the midst of the crowd, standing on the tips of his toes, and straining his
eyes to try to make out what was happening. But when the old priest had gone and the crowd
was getting thin, he turned to his barrow and saw with horror that it was empty! Every single
pear had gone! In a moment he understood what had happened. The pears the old priest had
been so generous in giving away were the countryman's. What was more, one of the handles
of his barrow was missing. He was in a towering rage, and rushed as fast as he could after
the priest. But, just as he turned the corner, he saw lying close to the wall, the barrow-
handle, which without any doubt, was the very "pear tree" which the priest cut down. All the
people in the market were simply splitting their sides with laughter; but as for the priest, no
one saw him anymore.

1. What are the sensory images used in the selection? (Visual, Auditory, Olfactory,
Gustatory, Tactile, Motion)
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What was the trick pulled by the priest?
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why did the priest fool the countryman?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How was it that the countryman did not notice the trick until it was too late?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. As a student, how could you show helpfulness and generosity to the community?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

In the folktale, "The Wonderful Pear Tree," the countryman who had been greedy to
keep his pears ended up with nothing. The priest tricked him and freely gave the pears to the
people. This is an example of situational irony.
Irony is a literary device that uses concealment and contradiction to achieve an
artistic effect in the text. It originates in a dissembling character in Greek comedy named,
the eiron. The eiron is seemingly ignorant, but he is clever and witty. He pretends to be less
intelligent and asks silly questions to win his arguments over his braggart opponent. A type
of irony is situational irony. Situational irony happens when the expected outcome is not
aligned with reality. When situational irony is so unexpected and surprising, it becomes a
surprise ending.
Activity: How Ironic
Read the story and describe an example of situational irony.

The Milkmaid and Her Pail

by Aesop
Dolly the Milkmaid, having been a good girl and careful in her work, her mistress
gave her a pail of new milk for herself. With the pail upon her head, Dolly tripped gayly
along on her way to the town, whither she was going to sell her milk.
"For this milk," said Dolly, "I shall get a shilling, and with it I will buy twenty of the
eggs laid by our neighbor's fine fowls. The mistress will surely lend me a hen, and, allowing
for all mishaps, I shall raise a good dozen of chicks. They will be well grown before the next
fair-time comes around, and it is then that chickens bring the highest price. I shall be able
to sell mine for a guinea.
"Then I shall buy that jacket that I saw in the village the other day, and a hat and
ribbons too. And when I go to the fair, how smart I shall be!
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 "Robin will be there, and will come up and offer to be friends again. But I won't make
up too easily; and when he wants me for a partner in the dance, I shall just toss up my head
and Here Dolly gave her head the least bit of a toss, when down came the pail, and all the
milk was spilled upon the ground.
Poor Dolly! It was her good-bye to eggs, chickens, jacket, hat, ribbons, and all.
Module 2: Evaluating Personal Significance of a Literacy Text (Read)
I. Write your answer below.
Kickstarter: Can You Relate?
What story can you relate to?
1. Share about it below.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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How can you evaluate personal significance of a literary text?

Reading is an active process. In order for readers to understand the text better,they
connect with it. This does not only aid in comprehension, but it also makes reading
significant to the readers. When a reader connects with the text, he or she is said to be
tapping his or her prior knowledge.
Many researchers identified three ways on how a reader makes connections with the
text. These are: (1) text-to-self, (2) text-to-text, and (3) text-to-world.
When readers use their own personal experiences to build connection with the text,
they are establishing a text-to-self connection. Sometimes, readers are
reminded of another story, novel, or other works when they read a particular text.
When they connect the text they are reading to other writings that they have read
before, text-to-text connection is established. Text-to-world, on the other hand, is made when
readers relate the text to current events, issues, and other affairs happening in the world.
Activity: The Link
Read the essay below. Make connections with the text. Copy the part of the text that you
feel connected to. Then, briefly describe the connection you have made.
Filial Piety: An Important Chinese Cultural Value
by Lauren Mack
Filial piety is China’s most important moral and entails a strong loyalty and deference
to one’s parents. Because the family is the building block of society, this hierarchical system
of respect is by extension applied to one’s country. Meaning the same devotion and
selflessness in serving one’s family should also be used when serving one’s country. Thus,
filial piety is an important value when it comes to treating one’s immediate family, elders,
and superiors in general, and the state at large.
Origins
Confucius describes filial piety and argues for its importance in creating a peaceful
family and society in his book, Xiao Jing, also known as Classic of Xiao. The text was written
in 4th century BCE, showing how filial piety has been a part of Chinese values for a very long
time.
Meaning
Filial piety is a general attitude of offering love, respect, support, and deference to
one’s parents and other elders in the family, such as grandparents or older siblings. Acts of
filial piety include obeying parent’s wishes, taking care of them when they are old, and
working hard in order to provide material comforts to parents, like food, money, or
pampering.
The idea stems from the fact that parents give life to their children, and subsequently
support them throughout their developing years in terms of providing food, education, and
material needs. Because of receiving all these benefits, children are thus forever in debt to
their parents. In order to acknowledge this eternal debt, kids must respect and serve their
parents. Extending beyond one’s family, filial piety also applies to all elders—like teachers,
professional superiors, or anyone who is older in age—and even the state.

6
Chinese Character
By looking at the Chinese character for filial piety, you learn a lot about the term’s
definition. Filial piety is illustrated by the Chinese character xiao (ij). The character is a
combination of the characters lao (t), which means old, and er zi()L+)Ÿ which means son. The
character that represents lao is the top half of the character xiao, whereas the character that
represents son forms the bottom half of the character. This placement is symbolic and very
telling of what filial piety means. The character xiao shows that the older person or generation
is being supported or carried by the son, or children in general.
Criticisms
The heavy emphasis that Chinese culture places on filial piety has been criticized
over the years. The level of devotion to one’s family and elders demanded in filial piety has
been scrutinized for being too extreme. This hierarchical principle of elders over the youth
has been criticized as stunting and inhibiting young adults from making decisions that would
allow them to grow as a person or have their own life.

Source: Mack, Lauren. ‘TiIia Piety: An Important chinese Cultural Value.” ThoughtCo.,
August 15, 2019. Accessed October 1, 2019. https://www.thoughtco.com/filial-piety-in-
chinese-688386.

Module 3: Composing Effective Paragraphs (Write)

Kickstarter: Find the Difference

What is the difference between the two sentences?

He wakes up early every day.
He is always up before the break of dawn.

1. Write your answer below.

What is the difference between literal language and figurative language?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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There are different ways of how we convey our message. There are instances where
we deliver our message directly or literally or when we try to be more
cryptic and enigmatic.
Literal language is the direct definition of words or phrases. It is a straightforward
type of wordings where the meaning is permanent based on the context it is used.
Fields like science and research demand accuracy and precision which the literal
language can give, since it avoids complex and branching interpretations. This type of
language is best used if the goal is to provide an explicit explanation. As opposed to literal
language, figurative language strays away from the standard meaning of words to achieve a
special effect on the text. Using figurative language gives the text a poetic appeal, and it
makes words sound more rhythmic.
Moreover, peeling different layers of meaning can also be possible by using figurative
language. Primarily, figurative language uses figures of speech. Some common figures of
speech are simile, metaphor, and personification.

Simile is an explicit comparison between two different things by using “like” or “as.”
All we can do is raise our children
as the green hills raise orchids in their shady laps
Metaphor, on the other hand, is an indirect comparison between two different
things.
we should always think we’re like jewels, buried alone
and at least gather moss thick over us
Personification is closely related to metaphor. When an inanimate object is given human
attributes, the figure of speech used is personification.
Those are like mountains in summer, that stand
exposing their dark green ridges under a dazzling sun.

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Activity: Figure It Out
Identify which figure of speech the underlined phrases are.

1. O my Luve’s like a red, red rose

That’s newly sprung in June
O my Luve’s like the melodie
That’s sweetly played in tune
from “A Red, Red Rose” by Robert Burns

2. I would have given anything for the power to soothe her frail soul,
tormenting itself in its invincible ignorance like a small bird beating
about the cruel wires of a cage.
from Lord Jim by Joseph Conrad

3. . . . to follow her thought was like following a voice which speaks too
quickly to be taken down by one’s pencil . . .
from To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf

4. A wind breathes across the sea,

joining gently the edges of time.
from “Vestiges” by Van Jordan

5. Because I could not stop for Death—

He kindlypped for me—
The Carriage held but just Ourselves—
And Immortality.
from Because I could not stop for Death” by Emily Dickinson

6. . . . and it’s you are whatever a moon has always meant

and whatever a sun will always sing is you . . .
from ‘i carry your heart with me by e. e. cummings

7. Have you got a brook in your little heart,

Where bashful flowers blow,
And blushing birds go down to drink,
And shadows tremble so?
from “Have You Got A Brook In Your Little Heart” by Emily Dickinson

8. We live on a placid island cf gnDrance in the midst of black seas of

infinity, and it was not meant that we should voyage far.
from “The Call of Cthulhu” by H. P. Lovecraft

How can you use appropriate transitions in a deductive paragraph development?

A well-developed paragraph contains sufficient details, examples, points, and
evidence that support the main idea. This information should be arranged
according to a pattern. One organizational pattern that is commonly used in
paragraphs is the deductive method, where the general idea is introduced first before the
specific points and illustrations. Paragraphs using this pattern open with a topic sentence
followed by its supporting details.
Study the following paragraph:
Friends that meet at meals meet at peace. A good birds’ nest soup or a
delicious chow mein has the tendency to assuage the heat of our
arguments and tone down the harshness of our conflicting points of
view. Put two of the best friends together when they are hungry, and
they will invariably end up in a quarrel. The effect of a good meal lasts
not only a few hours, but for weeks and months. We rather hesitate to
review unfavorably a book written by somebody who gave us a good
dinner three or four months ago. It ¡s for this reason that, with the
Chinese deep insight into human nature, all quarrels and disputes are
8
settled at dinner tables instead of at the court of justice. The pattern of
Chinese life is such that we not only settle disputes at dinner, after they
have arisen, but also forestall the arising of disputes by the same
means. . .
Source: Lin Yutang. On Having a Storriach. An Excerpt from The Importance of Living. Accessed
October 26, 2012. https ://archive.org!streamìmelmportanceOfLivirig
LinYutang/ThelmportanceOfLiving-LinYutang_djvu.bct.
The paragraph above opened with the main idea that food lessens quarrels and
disputes. The rest of the paragraph provides specific instances where this could be true.
One characteristic of an effective paragraph is coherence. This means that the paragraph
flows, and the reader can clearly follow the thought of the writer. A way to achieve coherence
is to use transitional devices.
Transitional devices serve as signposts that guide the readers through the flow of
ideas in the text. They also relate and connect the sentences to each other. In the sample
paragraph above, what transitions were used by the writer?
Transitions vary depending on how the writer intends to develop his or her ideas.
Here are the common transitions used in a deductive paragraph:

Activity: Next, Transitions

Read the student essay below. Identify the transitions used in the essay. Comment on how
the writer developed her ideas.
Social Media—Use Responsibly
by Hazel Si
The emergence of technology and digital era has undeniably brought about
accessibility and convenience in our lives. The introduction of social networking sites, in
particular, has revolutionized the way we communicate and provided us with an avenue to
interact and socialize without having to meet face-to-face with people. Whether a working
employee, stay-at-home parent, or student like myself,we all have surely benefited from social
media. Behind all these benefits and advantages, however, lies a myriad of consequences
that we often neglect to see.
In reality, social networking sites are consuming our lives and daily activities at a
rate faster than we can reap their benefits, though some of the adversities may be mitigated
through moderation and responsibility.
One might argue that social media has vastly helped people build and maintain
their relationships with others. It allows them to continuously socialize with and even meet
new people with the same interests, and, not to mention, also keeps them entertained and
well-informed with current happenings. It is worth noting, however, that this global link has
made false news more and more widespread,and has caused us to neglect face-to-face
interaction or our lives away from social media. An article from The Huffington Post noted
that social media sometimes even disillusions us and creates a “false self-esteem” that relies
on likes, shares,or comments. Moreover, excessive use of social media distracts us from more
important things and activities.
Although not immediately visible, social media plays a role in determining a
person’s mental well-being. Often, we see different people posting about their luxurious and
glamorous lives, and whether they are true or not, we have a natural tendency to compare
our lives with theirs. This may cause us to think thatour lives are less successful than theirs
and trigger feelings of jealousy, sadness,or even depression. BBC also pointed out that some
studies have found that being exposed to artificial light all day and night may inhibit the

9
production of the sleep hormone, leading to restless nights and insomnia. However, if we
were to become more aware and control the hours we spend on social media or the way we
perceive what we see on social media, we may be able to dodge such feelings.
Another issue with social networking sites is the fact that it is so liberal that it makes
it prone to different risks and crimes. Because we can post anything under any identity we
choose, we tend to do things that we normally do not do in person. This has resulted to many
cases of cyberbullying, so much so that organizations have started to address the issue. One
such organization is the Megan Meier Foundation, which noted that approximately two
million or so students from Grades 9 to 12 experience cyberbullying, significantly lowering
their self-esteem and causing depression. Another risk associated with social media involves
our privacy and personal information. With such a large community, anything we post
becomes known to the world, thus increasing the chances of identity theft or trolls. As a
result, we, as users of social media, have to be more sensitive and cautious of what we post
online in order to prevent harming ourselves or other people.
Finally, social media may become a huge distraction to our real lives. There is nothing
wrong with entertaining oneself with it, but most of the time, we get so engrossed with using
social sites that we spend more time online than we do oftline. When this happens, we end
up forgetting our surroundings and failing to do more productive or significant things. This
becomes dangerous when we start neglecting things like our health, lifestyle, relationships,
and many other factors that constitute our daily lives. As a student, I have personally
experienced getting too distracted to do assignments and projects, and wanting to
procrastinate from things that matter more than social media.
All in all, social media is packed with hidden but possibly threatening
consequences. It plays a role in our overall health, well-being, and safety, all of which affect
the way we live. Like everything else, however, the key to effective use of social media lies in
moderation. If we are aware of the negative side of social media and learn to limit our usage
or be responsible for our actions, we will be able to avoid the dangers.

Source: Si, Hazel. “Social Media—Use ResponsibIy. In a Nutzel. February 4, 2018. Accessed
October 26, 2012. https :1/i nanuel .wordpress.co m/20 18/02/04/social- med ia-frierd-or-
foe/.
1. Write your answer below.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

How can you compose effective paragraphs?

A paragraph is a group of related sentences that talk about a main idea. An
effective paragraph should have unity and coherence. All sentences should be
linked together, and each sentence should talk about the same topic.
A paragraph contains a topic sentence and supporting details. The topic sentence presents
the main idea, while the supporting details elaborate on the topic.
Supporting details could be in the form of examples, illustrations, evidences, descriptions,
and other supports that would explain the topic better. Before you start to write, you need
to generate ideas on what to write about. If your teacher does not give a specific topic, you
might get lost in millions of ideas that you can talk about. Start with a topic that you know
very well, or some topics that interest you. Consider also the topics that would engage your
reader.
After you have decided on a topic to write about, narrow down the topic to get a clearer
focus.
Study the following attempts in narrowing the topic:

10
Module 4: Taking Notes (Listen)
Kickstarter: Listen First
Using available resources, search for a short video about Chinese history. Listen carefully,
then take note of its key ideas.
1. Write your answer below.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________

How do you take notes?

Here are some suggestions on how to take notes:
1. Listen for key ideas. Do not try to write down every word your teacher says. You might
miss some important statements ¡n your struggle to be complete. You do not need to write
down all the examples—it is enough to list the key ideas.
2. Do not worry if you cannot spell a word correctly. Just try to get it down as best as you
can, so that you can understand it. You can always check the
spelling later on. Also, after the lecture, check vocabulary words you might
not know.
3. If your teacher assigns pages to read before the lecture, read them! Reading prepares you
for the day’s session. If you were not able to do the reading before the class began, look at
the pages over right after class.
4. Try to write down carefully the teacher’s opening statement. Usually, the
opening statement explains what the day’s work will be.
5. Use abbreviations, symbols, and even pictures to help you write quickly. You can also
write little flotes to yourself as reminders. Number ideas or underline or indent them to set
things off.
6. Copy what the teacher writes on the blackboard. If there ¡s a diagram or
chart, copy it slowly and carefully onto your notes, so you can review ¡t later. Blackboard
information tells you what your teacher thinks are important ¡n the day’s work.
7. Come to class on time. The aim of the lesson, examination dates,
assignments, and general announcements are usually given at the beginning
of the lesson.
Activity: Listen Attentively
Search for the documentary, “What Makes the Great Wall of China so
Extraordinary,” Lesson by Megan Campisi and Pen-Pen Chen and uploaded by TED
Ed on September 17, 2015. Listen carefully to the video, then take note of the important
details.

1. Write your answer below.

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__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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11
Module 5: Using verbal cues for emphasis when delivering an entertainment speak
(Speak)
How can you use verbal cues to emphasize information in an entertainment speech?
There are different kinds of speech such as persuasive and informative speech. All
have their own distinct purpose, but they share the same goal, which is to communicate
clearly to the audience. Another speech that may be already familiar to you is entertainment
speech. As the name implies, it aims to amuse the audience when conveying a message. An
entertainment speech is often delivered at a wedding, at a conference, or at an award show.
Many entertainment speeches can be funny, but keep in mind that they do not
only use humor to captivate the attention of the listeners. An entertainment
speech can also use drama, for as long as it rouses listeners’ emotions.
As a speaker, you must use verbal cues correctly to effectively emphasize the right emotions
and information you want your listener to receive.
Whether you decide to tell scary or funny stories, or dramatize an anecdote, below are some
of the verbal cues you can use for emphasis:
. You need to know . . . . This is key . . .
. You need to note. . . . This is basic. . .
. You need to understand . . . . Let me emphasize . . .
. You need to remember. . . . Let me repeat . . .
. You need to underline. . . . Let me explain . . .
. You need to think about. . . . Let me make clear. . .
. This is important . . . . Why is it . . . ?
. Listen carefully . . .
The verbal cues may be signaled by the right pitch, intonation, hand gestures, facial
expressions, and body language.
Module 6: Predicting the Gist of a material viewed (View)
Kickstarter: Sneak Peek
Look at the Image below. Can you predict the content of this magazine?

1. Write your answer below.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
How can you predict the gist of a material viewed?
Making predictions is foretelling what will happen in advance on the basis of prior
knowledge, observation, or scientific reason. It allows you to have a wider perspective of a
12
viewing material, to connect information such as title, heading, picture, and diagram, and to
interact with the text by thinking actively and asking questions. This strategy encourages
you to become actively involved ¡n the viewing process.
Moreover, predicting can enhance your critical thinking ability and problem-solving skills
since it gives you an opportunity to reflect and evaluate materials through a deeper
understanding of what is already presented.

Activity: Oh My Gist

Watch a video featuring Lao TZU. Get the gist of the material, then write a short summary
below. Do not forget to use proper citation.

Write your answer below.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

13
 Learning Module in English 8
Lesson 2: Memories Bring Back you
Introduction

This lesson will help you discover the genre, short story, contributed by East Asian
writers. You will better understand literary devices such as flashback used in this lesson's
literary selection. You will observe author's assertions in a text. You will also learn more
about situational and verbal irony. Moreover, you will recognize cause-effect relationships
and write effective paragraphs.
As you continue, you will understand tone and mood to infer character's thoughts
and feelings, and apply guidelines in improving voice pitch and projection when delivering an
entertainment speech. Lastly, you will also be able to identify a positive message in a viewing
material.
How to join the VSMART?

 Install VSMART application or visit the website:

school.vsmart.ph
 Log in your given username and password
 Go to your scheduled lesson

Literature
• Explain how the elements specific to a genre contribute to the theme of a particular literary
selection. (EN8LT-11C-2.2; EN8LT-11d-2.2)
• Express appreciation far sensory images used. (EN8LT-IIc-2.2.1)
• Explain the literary devices used. (EN8LT-IId-2.2.2)
Read
• React to assertions made by the author in the text. (EN8RC-IIc-2.1.7)
Write
• Distinguish between and among verbal, situational and dramatic types of irony and give
examples of each. (EN7V-nc-24.1; EN8V-11d-24.1)
• Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea
development: cause-effect (EN8G-IIc-9; EN8G-IId-9)
• Compose effective paragraphs. (EN8WC-IIc-2.8; EN8WC-IId-2.8)
• Use a variety of techniques to introduce a topic. (EN8WC-IIb-2.8.8)
• Develop related support sentences. (EN8WC-IIc-2.2.1)
• Use a variety of techniques to formulate a conclusion. (EN8WC-IId-2.8.9)
Listen
• Employ appropriate listening skills and strategies suited to long descriptive and narrative
texts. (EN8LC-11C-7; EN8LC-11C-7)
• Determine the tone and mood of the speaker or characters in the narrative listened to.
(EN8LC- IR-2.13; EN8LC-11d-2.13)
• Infer dominant thoughts and feelings expressed in the text listened to. (EN8LC-IIb-6.2)
Speak
• Produce the sounds of English correctly and effectively when delivering an entertainment
speech. (EN80L-11c-3.11; EN80L-11d-3.11)
View
• Predict the gist of the material viewed based on the title, pictures, and excerpts. (EN8VC-
IIc- 1.3; EN8VC-11d-1.3)
• Discern positive and negative messages conveyed in a material viewed. (EN8VC-IIa-17;
EN8VC- 11b-17; EN8VC-11c-17; EN8VC-11d-17)
14
Module 1: Recognizing Flashback (Literature)
Kickstarter: I Could Still Remember
If there's anything that happened in the past you would like to remember forever,
what is it?
You can share about it using the space provided below.
-
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
What is setting in a short story?
-
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding Setting in a Short Story
In simple words, setting is the time and place the story happened. This includes the
physical location, locale, historical time, and even the social circumstances in which the story
happened. Setting plays an important role in the development of the story.
In this lesson, a story set in modern China would be explored. It is written by the
master storyteller, Lu Xun. This story was an illustration of oppression and exploitation in
modern China.
"A Little Incident" was set on the road one winter night. Then, the setting switched to
the police station just before the story ended. Being on the road on a winter night highlights
the hard work of the rickshaw puller. The goodwill and helpfulness of the rickshaw puller is
contrast with the greediness of the narrator.
Sensory Images
Images appealing to the sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch add layers of
color and life to a literary text. They create in the reader's mind pictures that stimulate the
imagination and that make the reader's reading experience immediate, real, and tangible.
Study the following table that shows the different kinds of sensory details:
Visuals (appealing to the sense of sight)
Ex. dark rain clouds, big-eyed insects
Auditory (appealing to the sense of hearing)
Ex. distant wailing of wolves, howling wind
Olfactory (appealing to the sense of smell)
Ex. earthy caves, smoky air
Gustatory (appealing to the sense of taste)
Ex. sweet nectar, bitter forest nuts
Tactile (appealing to the sense of touch)
Ex. sudden warm breeze, rough-edged rocks
Some visual images also show motion.
The animals, stricken with panic, stampeded away from the flaming bushes, some leaping
over the large rocks while others rushing headlong to th
Activity: A Little Incident
Have you ever witnessed or encountered any accident on the road? What did the driver of
the involved vehicle do? Read the selection below. Then, answer the questions that follow.
Word Chest
Look for the meaning of the following:
Cynical Rickshaw Fluttering
Scarcely Ragged Shaft

Look for the meaning of the following:

1. Cynical-_____________________________________________________________
2. scarcely-_____________________________________________________________
3. ragged-_____________________________________________________________
4.fluttering-_____________________________________________________________

15
 A Little Incident
by Lu Xun
Translated by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang

Six years have gone by, as so many winks, since I came to the capital from the village.
During all that time there have occurred many of those events known as "affairs of the state,"
a great number of which I have seen or heard about. My heart does not seem to have been in
the least affected by any of them, and recollection now only tends to increase my ill temper
and cause me to like people less as the day wears on. But one little incident alone is deep
with meaning to me, and I am unable to forget it even now.
It was a winter day in the Sixth Year of the Republic, and a strong northerly wind
blew furiously. To make a living, I had to be up early, and on the way to my duties I
encountered scarcely anyone. After much difficulty, I finally succeeded in hiring a rickshaw.
I told the puller to take me to the South Gate.

Qianmen, the south gate to the inner city

After a while, the wind moderated its fury, and in its wake the streets were left clean
of the loose dust. The puller ran quickly. Just as we approached the South Gate, somebody
ran in front of us, got entangled in the rickshaw, and tumbled to the ground.
It was a woman with streaks of white in her hair, and she wore ragged clothes. She
had darted suddenly from the side of the street, and crossed directly in front of us. My puller
had tried to swerve aside, but her tattered jacket, unbuttoned and fluttering in the wind,
caught in the shafts.
Fortunately, the puller had slowed his pace, otherwise she would have been thrown
head over heels, and probably seriously injured. After we halted, the woman still knelt on all
fours. I did not think she was hurt. No one else had seen the collision, and it irritated me
that the puller had stopped and was apparently prepared to get himself involved in some
foolish complication. It might delay and trouble my journey.
"It's nothing," I told him. "Move on!"
But either he did not hear me or did not care, for he put down the shafts and gently
helped the old woman to her feet. He held her arms, supporting her, and asked:
"Are you all right?"
"I am hurt."
I thought, "I saw you fall, and it was not at all rough. How can you be hurt? You are
pretending. The whole business is distasteful, and the rickshaw man is merely making
difficulties for himself. Now let him find his own way out of the mess."
But the puller did not hesitate for a moment after the old woman said she was
injured. Still holding her arm, he walked carefully ahead with her. Then I was surprised as,
looking ahead, I suddenly noticed a police station, and saw that he was taking her there. No
one was outside, so he guided her in through the gate.
As they passed in, I experienced a curious sensation. I do not know why, but at the
moment, it suddenly seemed to me that his dust-covered figure loomed enormous, and as he
walked farther he continued to grow, until finally I had to lift my head to follow him. At the
same time, I felt a bodily pressure all over me, which came from his direction. It seemed
16
almost to push out from me all the littleness that hid under my fur-lined gown. I grew weak,
as though my vitality had been spent, as though the blood had frozen in me. I sat motionless,
stunned, and thoughtless, until I saw an officer emerge from the station. Then, I got off from
the rickshaw as he approached me.
"Get another rickshaw," he advised. "This man can't pull you anymore."
Without thinking, I thrust my hand into my pocket and pulled forth a big fistful of
coppers. "Give the fellow these," I said.
The wind had ceased entirely, but the street was still quiet. I mused as I walked, but
I was almost afraid to think about myself. Leaving aside what had happened before, I sought
an explanation for the fistful of coppers. Why had I given them? As a reward? And did I think
of myself, after my conduct, fit to pass judgment upon the rickshaw-puller? I could not
answer my own conscience.
Till now that experience burns in my memory. I think of it, and introspect with pain
and effort. The political and military drama of these years is to me like the classics I read in
childhood: I cannot recite half a line of it. But always before my eyes, purging me with shame,
impelling me to better myself, invigorating my hope and courage, this little incident is
reenacted. I see it in every detail as distinctly as on the day it happened.
1. What are the sensory images used in the selection? (Visual, Auditory, Olfactory,
Gustatory, Tactile, Motion)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. What incident happened to the narrator on his way to work?

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why did the narrator feel ashamed of himself?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. What made the incident unforgettable to the narrator?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Were incidents similar to the one that happened in the story common in your
community? Narrate one of these incidents.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
How do you recognize flashbacks?
In modern fiction, the writer sometimes recalls incidents that happened in the past.
These past incidents may be inserted to clarify the character's motivation and attitude as
well as to provide context to essential events in the story. This is called flashback.
Notably, flashback is an interruption of the chronological progression of the story. In
"A Little Incident," the writer clearly introduces the flashback by telling the readers that the
narrator tries to recall an unforgettable event in the past.
Activity: There Was a Time
Recall stories or poems that you have read. Identify one selection that uses
flashback. Write the title and author of the selection below and determine the purpose of
the flashback in the text.

1.Title:
____________________________________________________________________________
2.Author:
____________________________________________________________________________
3.Purpose of the Flashback:
____________________________________________________________________________
Module 2: Reacting Author’s Assertion (Read)
Kickstarter: What Do You Think?
Differentiate the two sentences below.
She is the valedictorian of our batch.
I guess, she is the kindest person I have ever met.

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__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
How do you react to author's assertion?
With all available sources nowadays, many information is passed on from one person
to another. So, it is essential that you know how to filter facts from opinions you have read
or heard about. Distinguishing a fact from an opinion requires critical thinking skills.
Study the following statements:
Luzon is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines.
Luzon is home to the most beautiful tourist destinations I know.
Which of the two statements is a fact? Which one is an opinion?
A fact is described as the statement that can be verified or proved to be true. It is true and
correct no matter what. It has actually taken place or known to have existed, which can be
validated with pieces of evidence. Facts are strictly defined, and can be measured, observed,
and proven.
An opinion is a statement or expression of judgment or belief about something. It tells
how someone feels thinks about something. In other words, an opinion is an inconclusive
statement, used in subjective matters, which cannot be proven true or false. Hence it is not
a true information but a biased one.
Based on these definitions, the first statement is a fact because it can be verified by
statistics. One can look at the land area and the number of residents in Luzon compared to
other islands in the Philippines. The second statement, however, is an opinion because the
words "the most beautiful" are hardly quantifiable. It is important to recognize facts and
opinion in both speech and writing so you will know whether the speaker or author is trying
to inform you with facts or convince you with opinions.
Activity: Fact or Opinion (Part 1)
Read the following statements about fact and opinion. Tell whether the statement is true or
false. Underlined your answer.
1. Fact relies on observation or research while opinion is based on assumption.
True False
2. An opinion is objective whereas a fact is a subjective statement.
True False
3. Facts can be verified with the help of evidence or statistics while opinion is not supported
by any evidence.
True False
4. Facts explain what actually happened but opinions represent a perception about
something.
True False
5. A fact is universal and does not differ from person to person, as against every human being
has a different opinion on a particular subject and varies from one person to another.
True False
Activity: Fact or Opinion (Part 1)
Write three sample sentences of facts and another three sample sentences of opinions.
Facts
1.__________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________
Opinions
1.__________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________

Module 3: Writing an Effective Paragraphs (Write)

Kickstarter: That's Life
What can you say about these images?

18
Write your answer below.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
What are situational irony and verbal irony?
You have learned in the previous lesson that situational irony happens when the
expected outcome does not align with reality.
Ex. The people talked about a fire station that burned down last week.
Another type of irony is verbal irony. Verbal irony is a figure of speech in which the
literal meaning of what has been uttered is different from or a direct opposite of what has
been mentioned or meant. This type of irony is being used deliberately by the speaker or the
character himself or herself.
Ex. Good job. You just lost our tickets.
What is cause-effect relationship?
Events in a literary work are often connected by cause and effect. This means one
event is the reason another event happens. Notice the cause-and-effect relationships in the
following paragraph from the story, "May Day Eve."
And if everything went all right after saying the magic words: "Mirror, mirror, Show
to me him whose woman I will be," the face of the man one would marry would appear above
the left shoulder. But if something went wrong, one would see the Devil.
In the above paragraph, whether everything turns out to be good or bad something
has to happen first. This is the cause. The effect would be the appearance of the ideal man
or the devil, respectively. The cue word here is if.
Other cue words and phrases that point out causes and their effects are the following:
because therefore that
in order since so that
and if then as a result
due to evidently thus
Sometimes, the effect does not follow the cause right away. It may happen later in
the story. Sometimes, too, a story may begin with the effect and work back to the cause.
Other times, events are stated out of sequence. In this case, the cue words will help you sort
them out.
Activity: Cause or Effect (Part 1)
Identify the cause and effect in each sentence.
1. She was mad at me because I forgot to bring my own art materials.
_________________________________________________________________________________
19
 2. Since it is raining hard, I have to cancel my appointment.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. The speaker was insulted, so he left the room right away.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. When the river is extremely polluted, it dies.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Anna always accomplishes her work before the deadline, therefore, she is now
promoted.
_________________________________________________________________________________

How can you write an effective paragraph?

You have learned in the previous lesson on how to limit a topic. Once you have
identified a narrow topic, it is now time to draft a topic sentence. A topic sentence contains
the main idea (the topic you are writing about) and a controlling idea (the writer's opinion and
stance about the topic). A successful topic sentence is interesting, specific, focused, and
manageable.
Evaluate the following topic sentence. Would this make a good topic sentence for a short
essay?

Some of the harmful effects of social networking sites in our lives can be mitigated through
moderation and responsibility.
When you have finalized your topic sentence, gather information to support your
topic. Research about the topic. There are countless reputable online and library resources.
You can also conduct a field research, and interview experts.
Finally, you are ready to write your own composition. When you write, keep in mind
the three basic kinds of paragraphs you will find in a composition.
1. The introductory paragraph is the first paragraph of the essay. Some essays would have
more than one introductory paragraph. It gives a short overview of the topic, and states a
clear thesis. Aside from these, a good introduction should also capture the interest of the
readers. Many writers open their essay using: (a) the general-to-specific pattern, (b)
quotation, (c) anecdote, (d) question, and (e) a strong opinion.
Below is an example of an opening paragraph with a strong opinion:

A Filipino may denationalize himself but not his stomach. He may travel over the seven
seas, the five continents, the two hemispheres and lose the savor of home, forget his identity,
and believe himself a citizen of the world. But he remains—gastronomically, at least, always a
Filipino. For, if in no other way, the Filipino loves his country with his stomach.
from "Where's the Patis?" by Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil
2. The body paragraphs contain the support and evidence. In writing the body paragraphs,
you need to consider how you will organize the supporting details. Common organization
patterns include spatial, chronological, and logical. Logical patterns are further classified
into illustration, definition, classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect,
problem and solution, and narration.
3. The concluding paragraph summarizes the ideas presented in the essay. It reiterates the
main idea. Although the conclusion is a restatement of the thesis statement, do not repeat it
word for word. Just end your essay with a more general statement. In a persuasive essay,
you can conclude your composition by mentioning a call to action or a warning.
Activity: Write It Down
Practice writing an effective paragraph about an unforgettable experience.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
20
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Module 4: Inferring Thoughts and Feelings of the Character through his or her Tone
and Mood (Listen)
Kickstarter: All Ears
What is your favorite drama scene? Can you describe the thoughts and feelings of the
characters? How do you feel about it?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
How can you infer character's thoughts and feelings through his or her tone and mood?
Inference is an educated guess based on perceivable facts. Most often, inferring asks
you to go beyond the surface details to extract other meanings that might be implied as you
go through the listening text.
Tone and mood are both used to comprehend the thoughts and feelings of characters.
Tone is a manner, a feeling, or atmosphere the author or speaker has meant to set in the
story, or towards a subject. However, mood is the feeling or atmosphere perceived or felt by
the listener while listening. The setting, images, and details affect the mood of the story.
A speaker may include in his or her work several clues for the listeners to
successfully infer the characters' thoughts and feelings. These clues may be in the
dialogue, action, physical traits, and inner thoughts of the characters.
A listener may infer effectively through:
1. relistening to the paragraph or statement and asking, "How did the character deliver his
or her lines?"
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. asking, "What are the words used in the statement?"
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Activity: All Ears 101
Listen to a radio drama. Then, write down the characters' tone and mood below.
Don't forget to include background details (music, noise) and dialogues and manner of
delivery of characters.
Module 5: Controlling Voice Pitch and Projection when Delivering an Entertainment
Speech
Kickstarter: Guess the Word
Find the following words in the puzzle.
Entertain Speech Voice Speak Pitch Project

21
How can you control your voice pitch and project your voice when delivering an
entertainment speech?
When delivering an entertainment speech, aside from the content itself, your voice
has a big impact to keep your listeners entertained. Listeners can hear in your speaking voice
if you enjoy your own presentation.
Try these voice pitch exercises and take note how these exercises alter your voice pitch.
1. Walk up the stairs while reading a piece of text out loud. With each sentence, elevate your
pitch. See how far you can get.
2. Walk down the stairs. Similar to number one but this time just go down with low pitch
instead of up.
3. Vary speaking the statement "I finally made it" with normal, high, and low voice pitch.
In an entertainment speech, it is important that you vary your voice pitch, so you can keep
your listeners' attention. Avoid using a narrow, unchanging pitch range, for it may result in
a monotonous sound that may bore your listeners.
By varying your voice pitch, you can stress multiple important points. The key is to
decide for an optimal pitch and vary it with control.
However, many times, listeners may look confused or uninterested. You may be
speaking clearly and correctly, but your voice may lack projection.
Do the following voice projection exercises:
1. Inhale slowly. Then, exhale and say ay for as long as your breath lasts. Listen for wavering
or irregularity in your breath. Practice until the sound comes out evenly and smoothly. Follow
ay with ee, eye, oh, and 00.
2. When increasing the volume of your voice, do not raise the pitch. Keep an open throat and
a loose jaw. Try saying "Wait for me" and "I think so" to someone in front of you, out in the
corridor, or to someone at the back of the auditorium (you are on a stage), or to someone half
a block away from you on the street.

Activity: A Round of Applause

Read aloud the speech of Mark Twain below. Project your voice by following the pointers
just studied. Record yourself, then send your recording to your teacher.
My heart goes out in sympathy to anyone who is making his first appearance before
an audience of human beings. By a direct process of memory, I go back forty years, less one
month—for I'm older than I look.
I recall the occasion of my first appearance. San Francisco knew me then only as a
reporter, and I was to make my bow to San Francisco as a lecturer. I knew that nothing short
of compulsion would get me to the theater. So, : bound myself by a hard-and-fast contract
so that I could not escape. I got to the theater forty-five minutes before the hour set for the
lecture. My knees shaking so that I didn't know whether I could stand up. If there is an awful,
horrible malady in the world, it is stage fright—and seasickness. They are a pair. I had stage
fright then for the first and last time. I was only seasick once, too. I was on a little ship on
which there were two hundred other passengers. I—was—sick. I was so sick that there wasn't
any left for those other two hundred passengers.
It was dark and lonely behind the scenes in that theater, and I peeked through the
little peek holes they have in theater curtains and looked into the big auditorium. That was
dark and empty, too. By and by it lighted up, and the audience began to arrive.
I had a number of friends of mine, stalwart men, to sprinkle themselves throughout
the audience armed with clubs. Every time I said anything, they could possibly guess I
intended to be funny, they were to pound those clubs on the floor. Then there was a kind
lady in a box up there, also a good friend of mine, the wife of the governor. She was to watch
me intently, and whenever I glanced toward her, she was going to deliver a gubernatorial
laugh that would lead the whole audience into applause.
At last I began. I had the manuscript tucked under a United States flag in front of me
where I could get at it in case of need. But I managed to get started without it. I walked up
and down—I was young in those days and needed the exercise— and talked and talked.
Right in the middle of the speech I had placed a gem. I had put in a moving, pathetic
part which was to get at the hearts and souls of my hearers. When I delivered it, they did just
what I hoped and expected. They sat silent and awed. I had touched them. Then I happened
to glance up at the box where the governor's wife was—you know what happened.

22
 Well, after the first agonizing five minutes, my stage fright left me, never to return. I
know if I was going to be hanged, I could get up and make a good showing, and I intend to.
But I shall never forget my feelings just before the agony left me, and I got up here to thank
you for helping my daughter, by your kindness, to live through her first appearance. And I
want to thank you for your appreciation of her singing, which is, by
the way, hereditary.

Kickstarter: Inhale, Exhale

What positive message does this image convey?

Write your answer below.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
How can you discern positive message in a material viewed?
Take a look at the image. How do you feel about it? Does this make you smile?

This photograph shows a genuine relationship between a human and a dog. The child and
the dog look so connected to each other. It conveys a message that no matter who you are or
what you are, love and care can speak for one another.

23