Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Academic supervision by
© Tsurukawa 2010 Pr. Philippe BURNY – Gembloux Agro Bio Tech (ULg)
Pr. Jean-Marie GODEAU – Veterinary Faculty (ULg)
Since 2002, the Consortium of Urban Agriculture in Butemto (CAUB*) gathers local
development NGOs to take actions in the fields of food sovereignty and access
to drinking water. In the city, population increased from 400,000 inhabitants in year
2000 to more than 600,000 nowadays, due to high birth rate and persistant insecurity
in rural areas, after years of conflicts.
From 2004 till 2008, supported by the Belgian NGO UniverSud** and taking advantage
of the hilly topography, the CAUB built several gravitary water conveyance networks,
providing water to recently occupied peripheral areas of Butembo.
The microbial load of this harnessed water is lower than average unmanaged springs,
Source : Référentiel Géographique Commun – RDC www.rgc.cd but remains far above the World Health Organization standards. In June 2009, the
Consortium launched a new project, producing bleach in order to disinfect the water.
This study aims to strenghten the long-term viability of the process by assessing its
Butembo is located 15 km North from the Equator, at an altitude of 1700m. Its key position
between temperate highlands and equatorial lowlands made this city a traditionnal exchange cost-effectiveness and identifying strategic opportunities for further development of
market for agricultural products. With exportations of raw ore, coffee, papaine or quinine and this new supply chain.
trade of manufactured goods from Uganda to inner Provinces of the country, Butembo raised *CAUB is the local, commonly used designation of the organisation, standing for the French « Consortium d'Agriculture Urbaine de Butembo »
as one of the biggest commercial crossroads of the Democratic Republic of Congo, ** UniverSud was formerly known as the Cooperation and Development Agency of Liège University
0,5 Kangote
fountains fountains Irangya Visika Kasuka Muyali Limboro Mulekya Vutetse 1,2
Waterpipe 100
0,4 spring spring spring spring spring spring well
network
US$ / Barrel
1
0,3 80
US$/L
04/06
10/06
01/07
07/07
10/07
04/08
01/09
10/09
07/06
04/07
01/08
07/08
10/08
04/09
07/09
05/08
06/08
08/08
09/08
12/08
01/09
03/09
04/09
07/09
08/09
10/09
11/09
04/08
07/08
10/08
02/09
05/09
09/09
12/09
month/year
ADDITIONNAL COSTS
6 QUALITY CONTROL 7
1°) The packaging cost for disinfecting solution stored in 40L cans is 8 THE MARKET
It is crucial for public health that the sodium hypochlorite solution
negligible, as the cans are retrieved after each delivery. On the other
distributed by the CAUB actually has the indicated concentration. With the current configuration (water and energy
hand, 250ml bottles for family use costs 0,31US$, which represents
Lower rates would expose the consumer to microbial hazard due to supply, work shifts etc.), the monthly production of
45% of the selling price, while the solution itself only costs 0,03 US$.
Unsufficient disinfection. Excess concentration would not be harmfull, Sodium hypochlorite solution by the CAUB could
reducing this cost seems difficult because the hypochlorite solution
But the stronger smell and taste of chlorine might incommodate the reach up to 8400 litres (4,5g/L), which could
needs to be stored in an opaque bottle, and the short conservation
User. The WATA test reagent (0,21US$/test) is used in the laboratory provide daily 84,000 people with safe drink water.
Periode doesn't make necessary to sell bigger bottles.
to check and fitsfor concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 g/L of free
chlorine. The WATA Blue (0,06US$/test) controls the amount of Considering that 3680 litres are needed for the
2°) Because of the high fuel consumption (28,2L/100km), delivery
chlorine at the tap, that ensures residual disinfection power during springs and conveying networks (cf. 1 ), the
can represent from 2 to 20% of the final price, depending on the
water storage by the households. remaining production could be sold in bottles to
amount of chlorine transported at once and the distance between the
spring and the laboratory of the CAUB retailers such as pharmacists or hospitals. It could
These two kits from the NGO Antenna Technologies were found to be aswell be delivered in springs built by other NGOS,
much cheaper than other classic chemical testings such as Visocolor considering that some are also managed in a
3°) manual chlorination by local water managing team involves
(0,54US$/test, produced by Macherey & Nagel). sustainable and responsible way by local people.
a salary for these workers that should be included in the final price
Pictures :
A: Katwa III reservoir
B: Mulekya spring
C : Electrolysis device